Approved documents

Contents 1 Introduction 2 The approved documents 2.1 A: Structure 2.2 B: Fire safety 2.3 C: Site preparation and resistance to contaminants and moisture 2.4 D: Toxic substances 2.5 E: Resistance to the passage of sound 2.6 F: Ventilation 2.7 G: Sanitation, hot water safety and water efficiency 2.8 H: Drainage and waste disposal 2.9 J: Heat producing appliances and Fuel storage system 2.10 K: Protection from falling, collision and impact 2.11 L: Conservation of fuel and power 2.12 M: Access to and use of buildings 2.13 N: Glazing - Safety in relation to impact, opening and cleaning 2.14 O: Overheating 2.15 P: Electrical safety 2.16 Q: Security - Dwellings 2.17 R: High speed electronic communications networks 2.18 7: Materials and workmanship 3 Reform 4 Related articles on Designing Buildings

[edit] Introduction

The first set of national building standards was introduced in 1965. The 'building regulations' established standards that had to be achieved in the construction of buildings.

The 'approved documents' provide guidance for how the building regulations can be satisfied in common building situations. They are given legal status by the Building Act 1984. There is no obligation to adopt the solutions presented in the approved documents. The building regulations can be satisfied in other ways.

In England, the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG) is responsible for the Building Regulations 2010 and The Building (Approved Inspectors etc.) Regulations 2010. The regulations apply to most new buildings and many alterations to existing buildings.

For information about building regulations in the UK outside of England see:

• Northern Ireland building regulations.
• Scottish building standards.
• Welsh building regulations.

[edit] The approved documents

[edit] A: Structure

Requires buildings to be designed, constructed or altered so as to be structurally safe and robust, and so as not to impair the structural stability of other buildings. It stipulates design standards for use on all buildings and gives simple design rules for most masonry and timber elements for traditional domestic buildings. It includes diagrams of structures such as roof frames and brick walls, and tables of material strengths.

See Approved Document A for more information.

[edit] B: Fire safety

Covers all precautionary measures necessary to provide safety from fires for building occupants, persons in the vicinity of buildings, and firefighters. Requirements and guidance covers means of escape in case of fire, fire detection and warning systems, the fire resistance of structural elements, fire separation, protection, compartmentation and isolation to prevent fire spread, control of flammable materials, and access and facilities for firefighting.

See Approved Document B for more information.

[edit] C: Site preparation and resistance to contaminants and moisture

Includes the weather-tightness and water-tightness of buildings, subsoil drainage, site preparation, and measures to deal with contaminated land, radon, methane, and all other site related hazardous and dangerous substances.

See Approved Document C for more information.

[edit] D: Toxic substances

This controls hazards from the toxic chemicals used in cavity fill insulation systems.

See Approved Document D for more information.

[edit] E: Resistance to the passage of sound

Deals with requirements for sound insulation between buildings, including both new dwellings and the conversion of buildings to form dwellings. These cover sound reduction between rooms for residential purposes and designated rooms in dwellings, and acoustic conditions for common areas in flats and schools.

See Approved Document E for more information.

[edit] F: Ventilation

Includes standards for ventilation and air quality for all buildings. It also covers requirements for the prevention of condensation.

See Approved Document F for more information.

[edit] G: Sanitation, hot water safety and water efficiency

Lays down standards for the provision of sanitary and washing facilities, bathrooms and hot water provision. It also covers safety requirements in respect to unvented hot water systems.

See Approved Document G for more information.

[edit] H: Drainage and waste disposal

Provides guidance on adequate drainage, and also deals with pollution prevention and sewage infrastructure and maintenance. Technical design standards cover sanitary pipework, foul drainage, rainwater drainage and disposal, wastewater treatment, and discharges and cesspools.

See Approved Document H for more information.

[edit] J: Heat producing appliances and Fuel storage system

Covers the construction, installation and use of boilers, chimneys, flues, hearths and fuel storage installations. Also requirements to control fire sources and prevent burning, pollution, carbon monoxide poisoning, etc.

See Approved Document J for more information.

[edit] K: Protection from falling, collision and impact

Set standards for the safety of stairways, ramps and ladders, together with requirements for balustrading, windows, and vehicle barriers to prevent falling. Also include are requirements for guarding against and warning of, hazards from the use and position of doors and windows.

See Approved Document K for more information.

[edit] L: Conservation of fuel and power

Controls the insulation values of buildings elements, the allowable area of windows, doors and other opening, the air permeability of the structure, the heating efficiency of boilers, hot water storage and lighting. It also controls mechanical ventilation and air conditioning systems, space heating controls, airtightness testing of larger buildings, solar emission, the certification, testing and commissioning of heating and ventilation systems, and requirements for energy meters. It also sets requirements for Carbon Index ratings.

See Approved Document L for more information.

[edit] M: Access to and use of buildings

Requires the inclusive provision of ease of access to, and circulation within, all buildings, together with requirements for facilities for disabled people.

See Approved Document M for more information.

[edit] N: Glazing - Safety in relation to impact, opening and cleaning

(Withdrawn on 6 April 2013 other than in Wales where it still applies).

Lays down the requirements for the use of safety glazing to avoid impact hazard and for the suitable awareness and definition of glazed areas. Also included are safety requirements relating to the use and cleaning of windows.

For more information see: Approved Document N.

[edit] O: Overheating

Overheating mitigation requirements for new residential buildings.

For more information see: Approved Document O

[edit] P: Electrical safety

Covers the design, installation, inspection and testing of electrical installations in order to prevent injuries from electrical shocks and burns, and to prevent injuries arising from fires due to electrical components overheating or arcing.

See Approved Document P for more information.

[edit] Q: Security - Dwellings

From 1 October 2015 for use in England, it provides that reasonable provision must be made to resist unauthorised access to any dwelling; and any part of a building from which access can be gained to a flat within the building.

See Approved Document Q for more information.

[edit] R: High speed electronic communications networks

Approved Document R takes effect on 1 January 2017 for use in England. It introduces a new requirement for in-building physical infrastructure which enables connections to broadband networks.

See Approved Document R for more information.

[edit] 7: Materials and workmanship

The requirement for carrying out building work using the proper materials and in a workmanlike manner.

See Approved Document 7 for more information.

[edit] Reform

On 28 July 2017, following the Grenfell Tower fire, Communities Secretary The Rt Hon Sajid Javid MP announced an independent review of the building regulations and fire safety. See: Independent review of the building regulations and fire safety for more information.

In April 2020, the Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government published the Final report of the expert group on structure of guidance to the building regulations. The report considered the structure of the current guidance that supports the building regulations and identified 8 high level recommendations for reform.

In December 2021, Approved Document L was revised to help UK deliver net zero and to require that new homes produce around 30% less CO2. In addition, a new Approved Document O was published setting new requirements to control overheating. Ref https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-homes-to-produce-nearly-a-third-less-carbon

[edit] Related articles on Designing Buildings

• Approved document 7.
• Approved document A.
• Approved document B.
• Approved document C.
• Approved document D.
• Approved document E.
• Approved document F.
• Approved document G.
• Approved document H.
• Approved document J.
• Approved document K.
• Approved document L.
• Approved document M.
• Approved Document N.
• Approved Document O.
• Approved document Q.
• Approved document P.
• Approved document R.
• Approved inspector.
• Arcing.
• Building control bodies.
• Building control performance standards.
• Building Regulations.
• Building Regulations exemptions.
• Competent person schemes.
• Construction Products Regulations.
• Energy certificates.
• Housing standards review.
• Licensing.
• Main types of planning permission.
• Northern Ireland building regulations.
• Planning permission.
• Scottish building standards.
• Sewers For Scotland.
• Standalone: The new way forward in non-domestic ventilation.
• Statutory approvals.
• Statutory authorities.
• The Building Act.
• U-What?
• Welsh building regulations.