Prefabricated structural panels
Contents |
[edit] Introduction
Prefabricated structural panels are a form of building product that can be manufactured off-site and assembled on-site, providing an alternative to traditional site-based construction.
They can allow faster construction times, improved quality due to more coordinated supply chain processes, and manufacture in factory environments with controlled conditions. However, detailed design must be provided early in the process as any inaccuracies in or late changes can have a significant impact on cost.
The two main types of structural panels are open and closed:
- Open structural panels are a pre-assembled wall framework which are later fitted with other elements (such as insulation, vapour control layers, external cladding, and so on) on site. While this is quick and flexible compared with traditional construction, it still involves a lot of site work.
- By contrast, closed structural panels are complete pre-assembled wall panels with the other elements included, such as; pre-fitted windows, doors, ducting for internal services, finishes, and so on. Closed panels tend to be larger and heavier, often necessitating a crane for on-site assembly.
The whole life performance of prefabricated panels is dependent on the long-term risk of failure, the use of suitable materials and the integrity and accuracy of connections between panels, floors and roofs. For more information, see Off-site prefabrication of buildings: A guide to connection choices.
[edit] Types of prefabricated panels
Some of the most common types of prefabricated structural panels include:
[edit] Concrete insulated panels
These comprise a robust insulated concrete with a brick outer leaf, and can be manufactured with external windows and doors. They are designed to have a service life of more than 60 years.
[edit] Structural insulated panels (SIPs)
Structural insulated panels (SIPs) are a form of sandwich panel system that incorporates insulation, predominantly used for residential and light commercial construction. They take the form of an insulating foam core sandwiched between two structural facings. SIPs are manufactured under factory-controlled conditions off-site and can be installed quickly once on site. The benefits of using SIPs are that they are high-strength, high-performance, and can be fabricated to fit nearly any building design.
For more information, see Structural insulated panels.
[edit] Timber frame panels
There are several different types of timber frame system, ranging from open ‘stick-built’ systems to closed panels that are pre-fitted with insulation, wiring, plumbing, and so on. Basic timber frame walls comprise studs fixed in place with sheets of plywood or orientated strand board (OSB). When nailed to the studs, the open panel becomes a rigid box into which insulation can be added on site. A waterproof barrier is wrapped around the frame followed by the external wall cladding. Closed panels are delivered to site with these elements pre-installed, minimising the on-site work required.
[edit] Lightweight steel frame panels
These tend to be open panels and overcome the risk of cold bridging by locating insulation on the external side of the frame.
[edit] Insulated concrete formwork (ICF)
ICF, also known as permanently insulated formwork (PIF), is an insulated in situ concrete system based on hollow lightweight block components. The block components, usually made of expanded polystyrene tied together with plastic or steel ties, lock together removing the need for mortar. This creates a formwork system into which concrete is poured to form the structure. While not strictly being an off-site technique, it can be much quicker to install, and provides better insulation, than other construction methods.
[edit] Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki
Featured articles and news
RTPI leader to become new CIOB Chief Executive Officer
Dr Victoria Hills MRTPI, FICE to take over after Caroline Gumble’s departure.
Social and affordable housing, a long term plan for delivery
The “Delivering a Decade of Renewal for Social and Affordable Housing” strategy sets out future path.
A change to adoptive architecture
Effects of global weather warming on architectural detailing, material choice and human interaction.
The proposed publicly owned and backed subsidiary of Homes England, to facilitate new homes.
How big is the problem and what can we do to mitigate the effects?
Overheating guidance and tools for building designers
A number of cool guides to help with the heat.
The UK's Modern Industrial Strategy: A 10 year plan
Previous consultation criticism, current key elements and general support with some persisting reservations.
Building Safety Regulator reforms
New roles, new staff and a new fast track service pave the way for a single construction regulator.
Architectural Technologist CPDs and Communications
CIAT CPD… and how you can do it!
Cooling centres and cool spaces
Managing extreme heat in cities by directing the public to places for heat stress relief and water sources.
Winter gardens: A brief history and warm variations
Extending the season with glass in different forms and terms.
Restoring Great Yarmouth's Winter Gardens
Transforming one of the least sustainable constructions imaginable.
Construction Skills Mission Board launch sector drive
Newly formed government and industry collaboration set strategy for recruiting an additional 100,000 construction workers a year.
New Architects Code comes into effect in September 2025
ARB Architects Code of Conduct and Practice available with ongoing consultation regarding guidance.
Welsh Skills Body (Medr) launches ambitious plan
The new skills body brings together funding and regulation of tertiary education and research for the devolved nation.
Paul Gandy FCIOB announced as next CIOB President
Former Tilbury Douglas CEO takes helm.
UK Infrastructure: A 10 Year Strategy. In brief with reactions
With the National Infrastructure and Service Transformation Authority (NISTA).