Types of city

[edit] What is a city?

A city is a human settlement with a large population. While cities have been a feature of human civilisations for many centuries, they have only become the predominant way of life as a result of industrialisation, with rapid urbanisation meaning that more than half the world’s population now lives in cities. This figure is predicted to rise to more than 70% by the second half of the 21st century.

[edit] How are cities defines and categorised?

There are a range of different definitions and ways of categorising cities depending on the data-analysing organisation, census records or country. Cities can be determined by the number of inhabitants, the role they play within a larger political context, the role they play as a hub for the larger surrounding area and so on.

In the UK, city status traditionally depended on the presence of an Anglican cathedral. It was not until 1889 that this requirement was dropped. The UK’s official criteria for defining a city today is not completely clear, but those which have been in place since 1907 must contain at least 300,000 inhabitants, have a good record of local government, and have a distinct identity that is the centre of a wider area. Other definitions suggest city status can be associated with having a cathedral or a university, a particular form of local government, or simply having a large population. More recently, city status has been granted through a series of competitive bids, managed by the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (now the Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities.)

[edit] What are the different types of city?

Descriptions of different types of city are set out below, with links to additional articles with further information.

[edit] Twin cities

Twin cities (or metroplex) are metropolitan areas made up of two anchor cities in close proximity and of nearly equal size and significance. The term encompasses their suburbs, which may merge over time. Twin cities sometimes originate with the construction of an airport that serves both anchor cities and the surrounding suburbs.

For more information see: Twin cities.

[edit] Megacity

Megacities are metropolitan areas with a total population of more than 10 million people. This definition generally refers to the population of the whole urban agglomeration, that is, it includes people living in the immediate suburbs outside of the established border of the city.

For more information see: Megacity.

Megalopolis

A megalopolis (or megapolis) is a network of large cities and surrounding metropolitan areas that have become interconnected, primarily by transportation infrastructure. This results in a continuous flow of movement and commerce driven by economic development that supports the collective growth of the region.

For more information see: Megapolis.

[edit] Smart city

Smart cities are cities where there is effective integration of physical, digital and human systems to deliver a sustainable, prosperous and inclusive future for its citizens. Smart cities optimise the use of technology in the design and operation of infrastructure and buildings in a way that meets the current and future needs of their citizens.

For more information see: Smart city.

[edit] Metro city

Metro cities are cities of between 500,000 and 1 million people.

For more information see: Metro city.

[edit] Garden city

Garden cities are holistically planned new settlements which enhance the natural environment and provide high quality housing and locally accessible jobs in beautiful, healthy and sociable communities.

For more information see: Garden city.

[edit] Conurbation

A conurbation is a region comprising a number of cities, large towns and other urban areas that, through population growth and physical expansion, have merged to form one continuous urban and industrially developed area.

For more information see: Conurbation

[edit] Metropolis

A metropolis is generally a large, important, densely populated urban area that is the main city of a country, region or county.

For more information see: Metropolis.

[edit] Municipality

A jurisdiction such as a town, city or district that has its own powers of self-government.

For more information see: Municipality.

[edit] Cosmopolitan city

A city might be considered cosmopolitan if its inhabitants interact freely despite being from a wide range of backgrounds and places and having varied belief systems. Cosmopolitan cities are diverse but harmonious.

For more information see: Cosmopolitan.

[edit] City state

The term city state refers to an independent, self-governing country that exists entirely within the boundary of one city.

For more information see: City state.

[edit] Intermediary cities

Intermediary cities (intermediate cities or i-cities) are cities with a population of 50,000 to one million that perform a linking role, helping ease the transition between rural areas and larger cities.

For more information see: Intermediary cities.

[edit] Global cities

Global cities (sometimes referred to as power cities, world cities, alpha cities or world centres) are cities that form primary urban hubs in the global economy.

For more information see: Global cities.

[edit] Gateway cities

Gateway cities are key entry points to countries or regions, typically with major ports and/or airports, but also hosts of trade fairs, exhibitions and cultural events or other cultural assets that may be the first destination of international tourists.

For more information see: Gateway cities.

[edit] The seven types of global metro economies

Redefining global cities: The seven types of global metro economies, published by the Global Cities Initiative in 2016, categorised the distinct competitive positions of the world’s largest metro economies as:

• Global Giants: Large, wealthy hubs with concentrations of corporate headquarters; they serve as the command and control centers for the world’s largest advanced economies. For more information see: Global giant. For more information see: Global giants.
• Asian Anchors: Large, business and financial nodes anchoring inward investment into the Asia- Pacific and Russia. For more information see: Asian anchors.
• Emerging Gateways: Large business and transportation entry points for major national and regional emerging markets in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, and Latin America.
• Factory China: Second- and third-tier Chinese cities distinctly reliant on export-intensive manufacturing to power economic growth and global engagement.
• Knowledge Capitals: Mid-sized, highly productive knowledge creation centers in the United States and Europe with talented workforces and elite research universities.
• American Middleweights: Mid-sized U.S. metro areas striving for a post-recession niche in the global economy.
• International Middleweights: Mid-sized cities in Australia, Canada, and Europe globally connected by people and investment flows, but where growth has lagged after the financial crisis.

[edit] Related articles on Designing Buildings

• Agglomeration.
• Asian anchors.
• City centre.
• City.
• Cosmopolitan.
• Densification.
• Gateway cities.
• Gentrification.
• Global giant.
• Megacity.
• Rural.
• Suburb.
• Town.
• Types of place.
• Urban sprawl.
• Urban.

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