Urban realm

The term ‘urban realm’ refers to the physical and social spaces found in urban areas, including the buildings, roads, urban space and so on, as well as the people and activities that occur within it. It encompasses the social, economic, political, and cultural dimensions of urban life and the ways in which people interact with and experience the built environment.

In urban design and planning, the urban realm is often considered to be holistic system, in which each component affects and is affected by the others. Understanding and shaping the urban realm is a critical task for urban planners and designers, as it has a significant impact on the quality of life for urban residents and other users. It involves considering factors such as accessibility, liveability, sustainability, and equity, to ensure that urban areas are designed and developed in ways that meet the needs and desires of all.

The urban realm has undergone significant changes throughout history. Here are a few key ways that cities have evolved over time:

Urban realms have expanded in size and population as urbanisation has increased and technological advances have made it easier for people to live and work in urban areas.
Demographics have changed as different groups of people have moved in and out of urban areas.
Urban areas have been shaped by technological innovations, from the introduction of the automobile to the rise of the internet. These technologies have transformed how people live, work, and move around urban areas.
Urban planning and design have changed to address issues such as traffic congestion, housing shortages, and environmental degradation. From the garden cities movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries to the New Urbanism movement of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, different planning and design approaches have sought to create more liveable and sustainable cities.
Urban areas have been shaped by political and economic changes, such as wars, revolutions, and economic booms and busts.

The modern urban realm is characterised by a number of key features, including:

High population density, with large numbers of people living in relatively small geographic areas.
Diversity in terms of populations, cultures, and built environments. This diversity is reflected in the range of housing types, public spaces, and local amenities available in urban areas.
Connectivity through transportation networks, digital networks, and social networks. These connections allow people to move around, access information and services, and interact with one another in new ways.
Economic specialisation, with different areas dedicated to different types of activities such as commercial, residential, and cultural.
Interconnection with the rest of the world through trade, investment, and communication networks. This has led to the rise of global cities, which play a key role in the global economy.
A range of sustainability challenges, including issues related to climate change, energy consumption, and resource depletion. These challenges are driving efforts to create more sustainable and resilient urban areas.