Techniques for drawing buildings

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See also: Manual drafting techniques.

While new technologies such as 3D software, computer aided design (CAD) and building information modelling (BIM) can allow buildings to be drawn virtually on computers, traditional hand-drawing skills are still valuable.

Hand drawing can be a highly technical, measured exercise, involving the use of technical pens, scale rules, T-squares, parallel motion and so on, or it can be an expressive form of communication involving the freehand use of pens or pencils.

In some instances, hand drawing may be faster, or it may be able to convey information in a way that would be more difficult using digital methods. For example, sketches may convey an idea quickly, or historic buildings may have complex characters that are difficult to capture by measurement. Hand drawn drawings can also be more evocative than digital drawings.

• Line weights can be used to help convey depth to a sketch, with the use of different pen weights helping the user to understand the intended order implied within the drawing. See Technical drawing pen sizes for more information.
• Varying line weights along the length of a single line can give a sense of expression.
• Shading or hatching can be added to give a sense of material surface, or shadows which can increase the three-dimensional information in a drawing.
• Contrast can be varied, with the foreground at higher contrast and the background lower to give a sense of depth.
• Parts of a drawing can be more detailed and higher contrast than others to draw the eye of the viewer to the most important area.
• Tracing paper can be used to lay sketch upon sketch and build up through different iterations to the finished drawing. This allows the sketcher to take advantage of the previous drawings while exploring new ideas and concepts, or to layer information.
• There are a number of standard projections that can be used to represent three-dimensional objects in two-dimensions. See Drawing projections for more information
• There are many different types of drawing that can be used for different purposes in building design and construction. See Types of drawing for more information.
• Products such as transfers and stencils can be used to add standard items such as lettering, people, colour and tone.
• Ink can be removed from tracing paper with a razor blade, and transparent tapes can be used that do not appear on reproductions.

Hand drawing can be less expensive, as there is very little equipment needed. However, it can require a lot of skill, space and time, it is more difficult to correct, add text to, create 3D projections or to colour than digital drawing and it cannot be linked to digital information. In addition, a scale has to be selected for manual drawings, whereas digital drawings can be prepared at 1:1, then printed at the required scale. As a result of this, it is becoming something of a lost art.

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[edit] Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki

• Architectural reprography.
• Common mistakes on building drawings.
• Computer aided design.
• Concept drawing.
• Elevations.
• Geometric form.
• How to draw a floor plan.
• Manual drafting techniques.
• Perspective.
• Scale drawing.
• Standard hatching styles for drawings.
• Symbols on architectural drawings.
• Types of drawings.
• Working drawing.