Contract management

A contract is a promise or set of promises which the law will enforce.

Construction contracts typically relate to the supply of goods or services as part of the delivery of a built asset. Traditionally, suppliers might have been considered to be organisations contracted to provide physical supplies such as goods, materials, plant and so on, however, PAS 1192-2 now defines a supplier as any, ‘…provider of services or goods either directly to the employer or to another supplier in a supply chain’. The 'supply chain' is the interconnected hierarchy of suppliers.

Construction contracts are generally standard forms, modified standard forms or bespoke.

Contract management is the process of managing contracts that are made as part of the delivery of a built asset. It involves the creation, analysis and execution of contracts by the parties to those contracts to ensure operational and financial performance is maximised, and risks are minimised.

Contract management can categorised into three phases:

• Pre-contract phase: Tenders documents are prepared, tenders are sought and contract negotiation is undertaken (see contract conditions and contract negotiation for more information).
• Contract execution phase: The final contract documents are prepared for execution (see contract engrossment for more information).
• Post-award phase: Compliance with conditions of the contract.

A contract manager might be identified to manage one, or several contracts, or to work as part of a team of contract managers. On large, complex projects, involving several contracts (such as a construction management project) a consultant might be appointed to perform the role of contract manager.

This role might include:

• Assessing the needs of the business or project.
• Assessing the market.
• Risk assessment.
• Determining procurement methods and tender assessment criteria.
• Preparing a contract management strategy.
• Preparing budgets and cost estimates.
• Preparing programmes.
• Selecting the form of contract.
• Preparing tender documents.
• Seeking tenders.
• Negotiating contract conditions.
• Contract engrossment and execution.
• Briefing project teams, contractors and suppliers.
• Being the point of contact for the parties to the contract.
• Relationship management.
• Contract administration.
• Managing variations to the works.
• Supplying information to resolve disputes.
• Preparing information for the completion of contracts.

Contract managers should:

• Be able to manage multiple projects.
• Have a good knowledge of construction activities and technologies.
• Have a good knowledge of contract law.
• Have good maths and IT skills.
• Be good at problem-solving.
• Be good at negotiating.
• Have good communication and presentation skills.

An effective contract management strategy can bring a number for benefits to this process:

• Expected business benefits and financial returns are more likely to be realised.
• Good working relations can be maintained with contract partners and subcontractors, and so there is a reduced risk of disputes and a higher chance of repeat work.
• There are fewer unforeseen events.
• Contract partners, subcontractors and suppliers are likely to be more cooperative and responsive.

Contract management can be a complex process, which can be simplified with the use of contract management software. This can be particularly helpful for contract management involving multiple contracts and multiple parties, creating integrated systems for; document management, change control, relationship management, accounting, project management, contract administration, resource allocation and so on. Specialist software is available for different types of contract management, such as large contracts, small contracts, multiple contracts, civil engineering and so on.

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[edit] Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki

• Breach of contract.
• Construction contract.
• Contract administrator.
• Contract conditions.
• Contract execution.
• Contract negotiation.
• Engrossment.
• Essentials of a contract.
• Form of tender.
• Modifying clauses in standard forms of contract.
• Supply chain management.