Geology
Geology, also called geo or earth sciences, is the study of the structure, evolution and dynamics of the Earth, its natural mineral and energy resources from its start 4,500million years ago. It includes both the liquid and solid elements of the body of Earth, the rocks that make it up and the processes by which it and they change over time. The definition of geology might also include the solid features of any terrestrial planet or natural satellite of the Earth such as Mars or the Moon.
Geology covers a broad area of connected studies such as geochemistry, geochronology, geomorphology, geophysics, hydrology, geological engineering and environmental geology. It also touches on subjects areas such as hydrology, volcanology, lithology, petrology, glaciology and so on.
The founder of modern geology is widely considered to be James Hutton (1726–1797), a Scottish farmer and naturalist. An observer and examiner of rocks, he recognised that the history of the Earth could be determined by understanding how processes such as erosion and sedimentation work in the present day. He perceived that sedimentation takes place so slowly that the oldest rocks are made up of “materials furnished from the ruins of former continents” and the reverse process occurs when rock exposed to the atmosphere erodes and decays. He called this coupling of destruction and renewal the “great geological cycle” that had been completed innumerable times. His ideas and approach established geology as a science.
[edit] Related articles on Designing Buildings
- Archaeology.
- Conservation areas.
- Designated land.
- Designated areas.
- Earth heritage.
- Geological periods.
- Geotope.
- Geopark.
- Lithosphere.
- National parks.
- Physiotope.
- Site of Nature Conservation Interest (SNCI).
- Sites of Special Scientific Interest.
- Special areas of conservation.
- Special protection areas.
- Types of rock.
- Types of soil.
- Types of land.
- World heritage site.
Featured articles and news
Key points for construction at a glance with industry reactions.
Functionality, visibility and sustainability
The simpler approach to specification.
Architects, architecture, buildings, and inspiration in film
The close ties between makers and the movies, with our long list of suggested viewing.
SELECT three-point plan for action issued to MSPs
Call for Scottish regulation, green skills and recognition of electrotechnical industry as part of a manifesto for Scottish Parliamentary elections.
UCEM becomes the University of the Built Environment
Major milestone in its 106-year history, follows recent merger with London School of Architecture (LSE).
Professional practical experience for Architects in training
The long process to transform the nature of education and professional practical experience in the Architecture profession following recent reports.
A people-first approach to retrofit
Moving away from the destructive paradigm of fabric-first.
International Electrician Day, 10 June 2025
Celebrating the role of electrical engineers from André-Marie Amperè, today and for the future.
New guide for clients launched at Houses of Parliament
'There has never been a more important time for clients to step up and ...ask the right questions'
The impact of recycled slate tiles
Innovation across the decades.
EPC changes for existing buildings
Changes and their context as the new RdSAP methodology comes into use from 15 June.
Skills England publishes Sector skills needs assessments
Priority areas relating to the built environment highlighted and described in brief.
BSRIA HVAC Market Watch - May 2025 Edition
Heat Pump Market Outlook: Policy, Performance & Refrigerant Trends for 2025–2028.
Committing to EDI in construction with CIOB
Built Environment professional bodies deepen commitment to EDI with two new signatories: CIAT and CICES.
Government Grenfell progress report at a glance
Line by line recomendation overview, with links to more details.
An engaging and lively review of his professional life.
Sustainable heating for listed buildings
A problem that needs to be approached intelligently.
50th Golden anniversary ECA Edmundson apprentice award
Deadline for entries has been extended to Friday 27 June, so don't miss out!
CIAT at the London Festival of Architecture
Designing for Everyone: Breaking Barriers in Inclusive Architecture.
Mixed reactions to apprenticeship and skills reform 2025
A 'welcome shift' for some and a 'backwards step' for others.