Brown earth
Environmental Archaeology, A Guide to the Theory and Practice of Methods, from Sampling and Recovery to Post-excavation (second edition), published by English Heritage (now Historic England) in 2011, defines brown earth as: ‘…a soil type with a dark topsoil over a deep brown subsoil developed on well drained circumneutral parent materials.’
Geoarchaeology, Using Earth Sciences to Understand the Archaeological Record, published by Historic England in 2015, defines brown earth as: ‘…the commonest soil type with a dark mull humus topsoil over a deep brown subsoil and developed on well-drained circum-neutral parent materials.’
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