Weathering
Technical paper 35: Moisture measurement in the historic environment, published by Historic Environment Scotland in 2021, defines weathering as: ‘The natural breakdown of materials due to interactions of the atmosphere, water, and biological organisms.’
The glossary of statistical terms, published by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), defines weathering as: ‘…the disintegration of rocks into small soil particles through the physical and chemical action of atmospheric agents, for example, rain, water, frost, wind, temperature changes, plant and animals.’
Short Guide, Lime Mortars in Traditional Buildings, published on 1 March 2013 by Historic Scotland, defines weathering as: ‘The processes, both natural and man-made, that result in the physical and chemical change of stone. Weathering processes include salt crystallisation, wetting and drying cycles and frost action, as well as deposition of pollutants and growth of biological and/or mineral crusts on stone surfaces.’
See also: Weathering steel.
NB Global Warming of 1.5 ºC, Glossary, published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2018, defines enhanced weathering as: ‘Enhancing the removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere through dissolution of silicate and carbonate rocks by grinding these minerals to small particles and actively applying them to soils, coasts or oceans.’
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