Megacity

The term ‘megacity’ refers to metropolitan areas with a total population of more than 10 million people. The definition of what constitutes a megacity generally refers to the population of an urban agglomeration, that is, it includes people living in the immediate suburbs outside of the established border of the city.

Megacities are a distinctly modern phenomenon, the proliferation of which has spread with the large-scale urbanisation that has occurred in many countries around the world. Whereas only 3% of the global population lived in cities in 1800, by the end of the 20th century that figure had risen to 47%. This figure is predicted to rise to more than 70% by the second half of the 21st century, a number made even more startling by the fact that the human population is expected to have increased by two billion by that point.

Historically, the growth of big cities first occurred during the industrial revolution, when large numbers of people moved to cities in order to find work - a trend broadly associated with developed nations. In contrast, contemporary megacity development is predominantly focused in areas of the world that are the least developed, such as Mumbai.

In 1950, the only megacities were New York-Newark and Tokyo. By 1995 the number had risen to 14. In 2020, there were 34:

1. Tokyo 37.39 million
2. Delhi 30.29 million
3. Shanghai 27.05 million
4. São Paulo 22.04 million
5. Ciudad de México (Mexico City) 21.78 million
6. Dhaka 21 million
7. Al-Qahirah (Cairo) 20.9 million
8. Beijing 20.46 million
9. Mumbai (Bombay) 20.41 million
10. Kinki M.M.A. (Osaka) 19.16 million
11. New York-Newark 18.8 million
12. Karachi 16.09 million
13. Chongqing 15.87 million
14. Istanbul 15.19 million
15. Buenos Aires 15.15 million
16. Kolkata (Calcutta) 14.85 million
17. Lagos 14.36 million
18. Kinshasa 14.34 million
19. Manila 13.92 million
20. Tianjin 13.58 million
21. Rio de Janeiro 13.45 million
22. Guangzhou, Guangdong 13.3 million
23. Lahore 12.64 million
24. Moskva (Moscow) 12.53 million
25. Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana 12.44 million
26. Shenzhen 12.35 million
27. Bangalore 12.32 million
28. Paris 11.01 million
29. Bogotá 10.97 million
30. Chennai (Madras) 10.97 million
31. Jakarta 10.77 million
32. Lima 10.71 million
33. Krung Thep (Bangkok) 10.53 million
34. Hyderabad 10 million

Ref UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Dynamics, World Urbanization Prospects 2018, Population of Urban Agglomerations with 300,000 Inhabitants or More in 2018, by country, 1950-2035 (thousands). https://population.un.org/wup/Download/

Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki

• Built environment.
• Changing lifestyles.
• Cities as systems - BRE Solutions for urban environments.
• City Beautiful.
• Densification.
• Designing smart cities.
• Eco towns.
• Engineering Smart Cities.
• Garden cities.
• Gentrification.
• Global Construction Megacities 2017.
• Green belt.
• Infrastructure.
• Landscape urbanism.
• Masterplanning.
• Megalopolis.
• Megastructure.
• Megatall.
• Megatrends: Globalisation.
• Megatrends: Smart Building Technology.
• Metro cities - the future of urbanisation.
• Must cities grow to compete?
• Smart cities design timeframe.
• Smart cities.
• Sustainable development.
• The compact sustainable city.
• Tokyo.
• Urban design.

External references

• National Geographic - The growth of megacities

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