Upstream burden
Embodied Carbon, The Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE), By Prof. Geoffrey Hammond and Craig Jones, Ed. Fiona Lowrie and Peter Tse, published by BSRIA in 2011, defines upstream burdens as: ‘Impacts associated with processes that occurred at previous points in the system (upstream). For example, in the case of a finished product sitting in storage material extraction, processing, previous transportation and fabrication are all upstream processes.’
--BSRIA
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