Sunspots
Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis, Annex VII: Glossary, written by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and published by Cambridge University Press in 2023, defines sunspots as: ‘Dark areas on the Sun where strong magnetic fields reduce the convection, causing a temperature reduction of about 1500 K compared to the surrounding regions. The number of sunspots is higher during periods of higher solar activity and varies in particular with the solar cycle.’
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