New material
Redefining value, The manufacturing revolution, Remanufacturing, refurbishment, repair and direct reuse in the circular economy, published by the United Nations Environment Programme in 2018, suggests new material: ‘Refers to the total ‘new’ (not reused via value-retention processes (VRPs)) material that is required as inputs to complete each OEM (Original equipment manufacturer) New and Value-Retention Process. New material can include a mixture of virgin (primary) and recycled (secondary) content, given that most of materials available for purchase in the global economy consist of some mixture thereof. The assumed ratio of virgin and recycled content used in modelling is based on the global average for each material type, in accordance with the Inventory of Carbon and Emissions (ICE)(Hammond and Jones 2011).’
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