Designing Buildings - User contributions [en]

Construction project management course essentials

2016-05-17T16:35:32Z

United Utilities:

This is part of Student resources.

For more information, see How to become a project manager.

For students of Construction Project Management, the following information, divided into the module subjects you are likely to study as part of the course, is available on our site.

= Project management =

* Construction management: outline work plan.
* Design and build: outline work plan.
* Management contract: outline work plan.
* Public project: outline work plan.
* [[Self-build_home_project_plan|Self-build home: outline work plan.]]
* Step-by-step guide to using BIM on projects.
* Traditional contract: outline work plan.

= Design management =

* Abortive work.
* Approved documents.
* Architect's instruction.
* Asset information model AIM.
* Asset information requirements AIR.
* BIM articles.
* Briefing documents for building design.
* Building design.
* Building design competitions
* Change control procedure for building design and construction.
* Collaborative practices for building design and construction.
* Common data environment.
* Concept architectural design checklist.
* Concept design report.
* Construction industry knowledge standard.
* Consultant team for design and construction.
* Consultation process.
* Contingency plan.
* Data drops for BIM.
* Demand matrix for BIM.
* Design and access statement.
* Design and build procurement route.
* Design coordination.
* Design Council.
* Design for deconstruction.
* Design intent.
* Design liability.
* Design management.
* Design management plan.
* Design manager.
* Design programme.
* Design quality for buildings.
* Design responsibility matrix.
* Design review.
* Design web for building design.
* Detailed design report.
* Detailed planning application.
* Developed design.
* Document control.
* End of stage report.
* Environmental plan for building design and construction.
* Feasibility studies for construction projects.
* Fire safety design.
* Gateways.
* Inclusive design.
* Insurance for building design and construction.
* Lead consultant.
* Lead designer.
* Life cycle assessment.
* Masterplanning.
* Milestones.
* Mixed use development.
* Non-discriminatory building design.
* Office space planning.
* Options review report.
* Performance specification.
* Pre-construction information.
* Preparation and brief project stage.
* Programme for building design and construction.
* Project benchmarking.
* Project brief.
* Project execution plan PEP.
* Project extranet.
* Project implementation plan for construction projects.
* Project quality plan PQP.
* Quality in construction projects.
* RIBA plan of work.
* Risk register for building design and construction.
* Scope creep.
* Specialist designers.
* Stakeholder management for building design and construction.
* Strategic brief.
* Team management.
* Technical design stage for building projects.
* Types of drawings.
* Value management.
* Variation.

= Construction technology =

* Air tightness in buildings
* As-built drawings and record drawings
* As-built or as-constructed building information model
* Assembly
* Assembly drawing
* Asset information model AIM
* BIM articles
* BIM glossary of terms
* Bridge construction
* Building component
* Building element
* Building foundations
* Building regulations
* Building related illness
* Cantilever
* Cladding for buildings
* Computer aided design CAD
* Computer aided manufacturing CAM
* Concept architectural design
* Concept drawing
* Concept design
* Concept structural design of buildings
* Concrete vs. steel
* Cracking and building movement
* Damp
* Damp-proof course DPC
* Damp proof membrane DPM
* Detail drawing
* Detailed design
* Domestic roofs
* Elements of structure in buildings
* Elevations
* Feasibility studies
* Fire principles of prevention.
* Fire protection engineering
* Fire safety design
* Flooring
* Groundworks
* Ground conditions
* Ground heave
* Health and safety for building design and construction
* Overheating in buildings
* Pad foundation
* Partition wall
* Pile foundations
* Portal frame
* Projections
* Raft foundation
* Raised floor
* Risk assessment for construction
* Samples and mock-ups
* Section drawing
* Settlement
* Sewer construction.
* Shop drawings
* Sick building syndrome
* Soil survey
* Solid wall insulation
* Spalling
* Stairs
* Structural engineer
* Structural systems for offices
* Structure definition
* Subsidence
* Substructure
* Superstructure
* Suspended ceiling
* Technical drawing
* The development of structural membranes
* The thermal behaviour of spaces enclosed by fabric membranes
* Thermal insulation for buildings
* Tunnelling
* Types of ceiling
* Types of drawings for building design
* Underpinning
* Vapour barrier
* Variable air volume VAV
* Ventilation
* Wall types
* Working drawing

= Building environmental science =

[[Construction_Engineering_Management_course_essentials#Building_environmental_science|See list here.]]

= Principles of law =

[[Commercial_management_and_quantity_surveying_course_essentials#Principles_of_law|See list here.]]

= Economics =

* Balance sheet
* Business case for construction projects
* Business models in construction
* Business rates
* Capital allowances for construction
* Capital gains tax
* Cash flow in construction
* Cash flow projection
* Construction VAT
* Contract sum analysis
* Defined cost
* Depreciation
* Fee proposal
* Final account
* Inflation
* Land value
* Landfill tax
* Market segmentation in the construction industry
* Marketing audits in the construction industry
* Net Present Value
* Pay as you earn in construction PAYE
* Private finance initiative
* Profits method of rating valuation
* Rate relief schemes for small business
* Rating valuation
* Record keeping
* Research and development tax relief
* Small and medium-sized enterprises SME
* Stamp duty land tax SDLT
* Tax relief
* Taxation in building design and construction
* VAT - Option to tax
* Working capital
* What is a mortgage?

= Building services technology =

[[Civil_engineering_course_essentials#Building_services_technology|See list here.]]

= Construction and commercial management =

* Approximate bill of quantities
* Approximate quantities cost plan
* Bill of quantities
* CDM planning period
* Common Arrangement of Work Sections(CAWS)
* Computers in the management of construction
* Construction manager
* Construction management: outline work plan.
* Construction progress meeting.
* Construction progress report
* Cost control in building design and construction.
* Cost plans.
* Delays on construction projects
* Design coordination
* Design management
* Elemental cost plan.
* Firm bill of quantities.
* Key performance indicators KPI
* Leadership styles
* Management contractor
* Measurement.
* Named sub-contractor
* Named supplier in construction contracts
* New Rules of Measurement.
* NRM2.
* NRM3.
* Outturn cost.
* Payment notice for construction contracts.
* Pre-contract meeting for construction contracts
* Preliminaries.
* Prime cost sums
* Programme for building design and construction
* Project manager's report for building design and construction
* Project team for building design and construction
* Provisional sums.
* Quality in construction projects
* Schedule of work for construction
* Scope of work.
* Sectional completion in construction contracts
* Site manager for construction sites
* Standard Method of Measurement (SMM7).
* Sub-contractor
* Supply chain management in construction
* Taking off.
* Tender.
* Tender documentation.
* Tender pricing document.

= Health and safety =

[[Civil_engineering_course_essentials#Health_and_safety|See list here.]]

= Contracts =

[[Commercial_management_and_quantity_surveying_course_essentials#Procurement_and_contract_administration|See list here.]]

= Management principles and practice =

* Appointing an architect
* Appointing consultants for building design and construction
* Appointing consultants for small domestic projects
* Business justification for building development
* Collaborative practices for building design and construction
* Computers in the management of construction
* Construction manager
* Construction progress meeting
* Construction progress report
* Consultation process
* Delays on construction projects
* Design coordination
* Design management
* Extended aftercare for completed construction works
* Fair payment practices for construction
* Key performance indicators KPI
* Initial aftercare for completed construction works
* Leadership styles
* Lean construction
* Management contractor
* Management structure for construction clients
* Masterplanning
* Migration strategy
* Non-disclosure agreement for building design and construction
* Organisational information requirements OIR
* Pre-contract meeting for construction contracts
* Programme for building design and construction
* Project manager's report for building design and construction
* Project quality plan PQP
* Project team for building design and construction
* Quality in construction projects
* Sectional completion in construction contracts
* Site manager for construction sites
* Supply chain management in construction
* Team behavioural roles
* Team management for building design and construction projects
* Ten principles for procuring better outcomes
* Writing technique in the construction industry

= Building materials =

[[Construction_Engineering_Management_course_essentials#Building_materials|See list here.]]

= Maintenance, repair and refurbishment =

[[Construction_Engineering_Management_course_essentials#Maintenance.2C_repair_and_refurbishment|See list here.]]

= Property development =

[[Architecture_course_essentials#Property_development|See list here.]]

[[Category:History]] [[Category:Theory]]

Construction project management course essentials

2016-05-17T16:10:39Z

United Utilities:

This is part of Student resources.

For more information, see How to become a project manager.

For students of Construction Project Management, the following information, divided into the module subjects you are likely to study as part of the course, is available on our site.

= Project management =

* Construction management: outline work plan.
* Design and build: outline work plan.
* Management contract: outline work plan.
* Public project: outline work plan.
* [[Self-build_home_project_plan|Self-build home: outline work plan.]]
* Step-by-step guide to using BIM on projects.
* Traditional contract: outline work plan.

= Design management =

* Abortive work.
* Approved documents.
* Architect's instruction.
* Asset information model AIM.
* Asset information requirements AIR.
* BIM articles.
* Briefing documents for building design.
* Building design.
* Change control procedure for building design and construction.
* Collaborative practices for building design and construction.
* Common data environment.
* Concept architectural design checklist.
* Concept design report.
* Construction industry knowledge standard.
* Consultant team for design and construction.
* Consultation process.
* Contingency plan.
* Data drops for BIM.
* Demand matrix for BIM.
* Design and access statement.
* Design and build procurement route.
* Design coordination.
* Design Council.
* Design for deconstruction.
* Design intent.
* Design liability.
* Design management.
* Design management plan.
* Design manager.
* Design programme.
* Design quality for buildings.
* Design responsibility matrix.
* Design review.
* Design web for building design.
* Detailed design report.
* Detailed planning application.
* Developed design.
* Document control.
* End of stage report.
* Environmental plan for building design and construction.
* Feasibility studies for construction projects.
* Fire safety design.
* Gateways.
* Inclusive design.
* Insurance for building design and construction.
* Lead consultant.
* Lead designer.
* Life cycle assessment.
* Masterplanning.
* Milestones.
* Mixed use development.
* Non-discriminatory building design.
* Office space planning.
* Options review report.
* Performance specification.
* Pre-construction information.
* Preparation and brief project stage.
* Programme for building design and construction.
* Project benchmarking.
* Project brief.
* Project execution plan PEP.
* Project extranet.
* Project implementation plan for construction projects.
* Project quality plan PQP.
* Quality in construction projects.
* RIBA plan of work.
* Risk register for building design and construction.
* Scope creep.
* Specialist designers.
* Stakeholder management for building design and construction.
* Strategic brief.
* Team management.
* Technical design stage for building projects.
* Types of drawings.
* Value management.
* Variation.

= Construction technology =

* Air tightness in buildings
* As-built drawings and record drawings
* As-built or as-constructed building information model
* Assembly
* Assembly drawing
* Asset information model AIM
* BIM articles
* BIM glossary of terms
* Bridge construction
* Building component
* Building element
* Building foundations
* Building regulations
* Building related illness
* Cantilever
* Cladding for buildings
* Computer aided design CAD
* Computer aided manufacturing CAM
* Concept architectural design
* Concept drawing
* Concept design
* Concept structural design of buildings
* Concrete vs. steel
* Cracking and building movement
* Damp
* Damp-proof course DPC
* Damp proof membrane DPM
* Detail drawing
* Detailed design
* Domestic roofs
* Elements of structure in buildings
* Elevations
* Feasibility studies
* Fire principles of prevention.
* Fire protection engineering
* Fire safety design
* Flooring
* Groundworks
* Ground conditions
* Ground heave
* Health and safety for building design and construction
* Overheating in buildings
* Pad foundation
* Partition wall
* Pile foundations
* Portal frame
* Projections
* Raft foundation
* Raised floor
* Risk assessment for construction
* Samples and mock-ups
* Section drawing
* Settlement
* Sewer construction.
* Shop drawings
* Sick building syndrome
* Soil survey
* Solid wall insulation
* Spalling
* Stairs
* Structural engineer
* Structural systems for offices
* Structure definition
* Subsidence
* Substructure
* Superstructure
* Suspended ceiling
* Technical drawing
* The development of structural membranes
* The thermal behaviour of spaces enclosed by fabric membranes
* Thermal insulation for buildings
* Tunnelling
* Types of ceiling
* Types of drawings for building design
* Underpinning
* Vapour barrier
* Variable air volume VAV
* Ventilation
* Wall types
* Working drawing

= Building environmental science =

[[Construction_Engineering_Management_course_essentials#Building_environmental_science|See list here.]]

= Principles of law =

[[Commercial_management_and_quantity_surveying_course_essentials#Principles_of_law|See list here.]]

= Economics =

* Balance sheet
* Business case for construction projects
* Business models in construction
* Business rates
* Capital allowances for construction
* Capital gains tax
* Cash flow in construction
* Cash flow projection
* Construction VAT
* Contract sum analysis
* Defined cost
* Depreciation
* Fee proposal
* Final account
* Inflation
* Land value
* Landfill tax
* Market segmentation in the construction industry
* Marketing audits in the construction industry
* Net Present Value
* Pay as you earn in construction PAYE
* Private finance initiative
* Profits method of rating valuation
* Rate relief schemes for small business
* Rating valuation
* Record keeping
* Research and development tax relief
* Small and medium-sized enterprises SME
* Stamp duty land tax SDLT
* Tax relief
* Taxation in building design and construction
* VAT - Option to tax
* Working capital
* What is a mortgage?

= Building services technology =

[[Civil_engineering_course_essentials#Building_services_technology|See list here.]]

= Construction and commercial management =

* Approximate bill of quantities
* Approximate quantities cost plan
* Bill of quantities
* CDM planning period
* Common Arrangement of Work Sections(CAWS)
* Computers in the management of construction
* Construction manager
* Construction management: outline work plan.
* Construction progress meeting.
* Construction progress report
* Cost control in building design and construction.
* Cost plans.
* Delays on construction projects
* Design coordination
* Design management
* Elemental cost plan.
* Firm bill of quantities.
* Key performance indicators KPI
* Leadership styles
* Management contractor
* Measurement.
* Named sub-contractor
* Named supplier in construction contracts
* New Rules of Measurement.
* NRM2.
* NRM3.
* Outturn cost.
* Payment notice for construction contracts.
* Pre-contract meeting for construction contracts
* Preliminaries.
* Prime cost sums
* Programme for building design and construction
* Project manager's report for building design and construction
* Project team for building design and construction
* Provisional sums.
* Quality in construction projects
* Schedule of work for construction
* Scope of work.
* Sectional completion in construction contracts
* Site manager for construction sites
* Standard Method of Measurement (SMM7).
* Sub-contractor
* Supply chain management in construction
* Taking off.
* Tender.
* Tender documentation.
* Tender pricing document.

= Health and safety =

[[Civil_engineering_course_essentials#Health_and_safety|See list here.]]

= Contracts =

[[Commercial_management_and_quantity_surveying_course_essentials#Procurement_and_contract_administration|See list here.]]

= Management principles and practice =

* Computers in the management of construction
* Construction manager
* Construction progress meeting
* Construction progress report
* Delays on construction projects
* Design coordination
* Design management
* Key performance indicators KPI
* Leadership styles
* Management contractor
* Pre-contract meeting for construction contracts
* Programme for building design and construction
* Project manager's report for building design and construction
* Project team for building design and construction
* Quality in construction projects
* Sectional completion in construction contracts
* Site manager for construction sites
* Supply chain management in construction

= Building materials =

[[Construction_Engineering_Management_course_essentials#Building_materials|See list here.]]

= Maintenance, repair and refurbishment =

[[Construction_Engineering_Management_course_essentials#Maintenance.2C_repair_and_refurbishment|See list here.]]

= Property development =

[[Architecture_course_essentials#Property_development|See list here.]]

[[Category:History]] [[Category:Theory]]

Construction project management course essentials

2016-05-17T16:09:08Z

United Utilities:

This is part of Student resources.

For more information, see How to become a project manager.

For students of Construction Project Management, the following information, divided into the module subjects you are likely to study as part of the course, is available on our site.

= Project management =

* Construction management: outline work plan.
* Design and build: outline work plan.
* Management contract: outline work plan.
* Public project: outline work plan.
* [[Self-build_home_project_plan|Self-build home: outline work plan.]]
* Step-by-step guide to using BIM on projects.
* Traditional contract: outline work plan.

= Design management =

* Abortive work.
* Approved documents.
* Architect's instruction.
* Asset information model AIM.
* Asset information requirements AIR.
* BIM articles.
* Briefing documents for building design.
* Building design.
* Change control procedure for building design and construction.
* Collaborative practices for building design and construction.
* Common data environment.
* Concept architectural design checklist.
* Concept design report.
* Construction industry knowledge standard.
* Consultant team for design and construction.
* Consultation process.
* Contingency plan.
* Data drops for BIM.
* Demand matrix for BIM.
* Design and access statement.
* Design and build procurement route.
* Design coordination.
* Design Council.
* Design for deconstruction.
* Design intent.
* Design liability.
* Design management.
* Design management plan.
* Design manager.
* Design programme.
* Design quality for buildings.
* Design responsibility matrix.
* Design review.
* Design web for building design.
* Detailed design report.
* Detailed planning application.
* Developed design.
* Document control.
* End of stage report.
* Environmental plan for building design and construction.
* Feasibility studies for construction projects.
* Fire safety design.
* Gateways.
* Inclusive design.
* Insurance for building design and construction.
* Lead consultant.
* Lead designer.
* Life cycle assessment.
* Masterplanning.
* Milestones.
* Mixed use development.
* Non-discriminatory building design.
* Office space planning.
* Options review report.
* Performance specification.
* Pre-construction information.
* Preparation and brief project stage.
* Programme for building design and construction.
* Project benchmarking.
* Project brief.
* Project execution plan PEP.
* Project extranet.
* Project implementation plan for construction projects.
* Project quality plan PQP.
* Quality in construction projects.
* RIBA plan of work.
* Risk register for building design and construction.
* Scope creep.
* Specialist designers.
* Stakeholder management for building design and construction.
* Strategic brief.
* Team management.
* Technical design stage for building projects.
* Types of drawings.
* Value management.
* Variation.

= Construction technology =

* Air tightness in buildings
* As-built drawings and record drawings
* As-built or as-constructed building information model
* Assembly
* Assembly drawing
* Asset information model AIM
* BIM articles
* BIM glossary of terms
* Bridge construction
* Building component
* Building element
* Building foundations
* Building regulations
* Building related illness
* Cantilever
* Cladding for buildings
* Computer aided design CAD
* Computer aided manufacturing CAM
* Concept architectural design
* Concept drawing
* Concept design
* Concept structural design of buildings
* Concrete vs. steel
* Cracking and building movement
* Damp
* Damp-proof course DPC
* Damp proof membrane DPM
* Detail drawing
* Detailed design
* Domestic roofs
* Elements of structure in buildings
* Elevations
* Feasibility studies
* Fire principles of prevention.
* Fire protection engineering
* Fire safety design
* Flooring
* Groundworks
* Ground conditions
* Ground heave
* Health and safety for building design and construction
* Overheating in buildings
* Pad foundation
* Partition wall
* Pile foundations
* Portal frame
* Projections
* Raft foundation
* Raised floor
* Risk assessment for construction
* Samples and mock-ups
* Section drawing
* Settlement
* Sewer construction.
* Shop drawings
* Sick building syndrome
* Soil survey
* Solid wall insulation
* Spalling
* Stairs
* Structural engineer
* Structural systems for offices
* Structure definition
* Subsidence
* Substructure
* Superstructure
* Suspended ceiling
* Technical drawing
* The development of structural membranes
* The thermal behaviour of spaces enclosed by fabric membranes
* Thermal insulation for buildings
* Tunnelling
* Types of ceiling
* Types of drawings for building design
* Underpinning
* Vapour barrier
* Variable air volume VAV
* Ventilation
* Wall types
* Working drawing

= Building environmental science =

[[Construction_Engineering_Management_course_essentials#Building_environmental_science|See list here.]]

= Principles of law =

[[Commercial_management_and_quantity_surveying_course_essentials#Principles_of_law|See list here.]]

= Economics =

* Balance sheet
* Business case for construction projects
* Business models in construction
* Business rates
* Capital allowances for construction
* Capital gains tax
* Cash flow in construction
* Cash flow projection
* Construction VAT
* Contract sum analysis
* Defined cost
* Depreciation
* Fee proposal
* Final account
* Inflation
* Land value
* Landfill tax
* Market segmentation in the construction industry
* Marketing audits in the construction industry
* Net Present Value
* Pay as you earn in construction PAYE
* Private finance initiative
* Profits method of rating valuation
* Rate relief schemes for small business
* Rating valuation
* Record keeping
* Research and development tax relief
* Small and medium-sized enterprises SME
* Stamp duty land tax SDLT
* Tax relief
* Taxation in building design and construction
* VAT - Option to tax
* Working capital
* What is a mortgage?

= Building services technology =

[[Civil_engineering_course_essentials#Building_services_technology|See list here.]]

= Construction and commercial management =

* Approximate bill of quantities
* Approximate quantities cost plan
* Bill of quantities
* CDM planning period
* Common Arrangement of Work Sections(CAWS)
* Computers in the management of construction
* Construction manager
* Construction management: outline work plan.
* Construction progress meeting.
* Construction progress report
* Cost control in building design and construction.
* Cost plans.
* Delays on construction projects
* Design coordination
* Design management
* Elemental cost plan.
* Firm bill of quantities.
* Key performance indicators KPI
* Leadership styles
* Management contractor
* Measurement.
* Named sub-contractor
* Named supplier in construction contracts
* New Rules of Measurement.
* NRM2.
* NRM3.
* Outturn cost.
* Payment notice for construction contracts.
* Pre-contract meeting for construction contracts
* Preliminaries.
* Prime cost sums
* Programme for building design and construction
* Project manager's report for building design and construction
* Project team for building design and construction
* Provisional sums.
* Quality in construction projects
* Schedule of work for construction
* Scope of work.
* Sectional completion in construction contracts
* Site manager for construction sites
* Standard Method of Measurement (SMM7).
* Sub-contractor
* Supply chain management in construction
* Taking off.
* Tender.
* Tender documentation.
* Tender pricing document.

= Health and safety =

[[Civil_engineering_course_essentials#Health_and_safety|See list here.]]

= Contracts =

= Management principles and practice =

* Computers in the management of construction
* Construction manager
* Construction progress meeting
* Construction progress report
* Delays on construction projects
* Design coordination
* Design management
* Key performance indicators KPI
* Leadership styles
* Management contractor
* Pre-contract meeting for construction contracts
* Programme for building design and construction
* Project manager's report for building design and construction
* Project team for building design and construction
* Quality in construction projects
* Sectional completion in construction contracts
* Site manager for construction sites
* Supply chain management in construction

= Building materials =

[[Construction_Engineering_Management_course_essentials#Building_materials|See list here.]]

= Maintenance, repair and refurbishment =

[[Construction_Engineering_Management_course_essentials#Maintenance.2C_repair_and_refurbishment|See list here.]]

= Property development =

[[Architecture_course_essentials#Property_development|See list here.]]

[[Category:History]] [[Category:Theory]]

Commercial management and quantity surveying course essentials

2016-05-17T16:02:24Z

United Utilities:

For students of Commercial Management and/or Quantity Surveying, the following information, divided into the module subjects you are likely to study as part of the course, is available on our site.

This is part of Student resources.

= Construction and commercial management =

* Approximate bill of quantities.
* Approximate quantities cost plan.
* Bill of quantities
* CDM planning period
* Common Arrangement of Work Sections(CAWS).
* Computers in the management of construction
* Construction manager
* [[Construction_management:_outline_work_plan|Construction management: outline work plan]].
* Construction progress meeting.
* Construction progress report
* Cost control in building design and construction.
* Cost plans.
* Delays on construction projects
* Design coordination
* Design management
* Elemental cost plan.
* Firm bill of quantities.
* Key performance indicators KPI
* Leadership styles
* Management contractor
* Measurement.
* Named sub-contractor
* Named supplier in construction contracts
* New Rules of Measurement.
* NRM2.
* NRM3.
* Outturn cost.
* Payment notice for construction contracts.
* Pre-contract meeting for construction contracts
* Preliminaries.
* Prime cost sums
* Programme for building design and construction
* Project manager's report for building design and construction
* Project team for building design and construction
* Provisional sums.
* Quality in construction projects
* Schedule of work for construction
* Scope of work.
* Sectional completion in construction contracts
* Site manager for construction sites
* Standard Method of Measurement (SMM7).
* Sub-contractor
* Supply chain management in construction
* Taking off.
* Tender.
* Tender documentation.
* Tender pricing document.

= Building materials =

[[Construction_Engineering_Management_course_essentials#Building_materials|See list here.]]

= Principles of design and construction =

[[Construction_Engineering_Management_course_essentials#Principles_of_design_and_construction|See list here.]]

= Building environmental science =

[[Construction_Engineering_Management_course_essentials#Building_environmental_science|See list here.]]

= Economics =

* Balance sheet
* Business case for construction projects
* Business models in construction
* Business rates
* Capital allowances for construction
* Capital gains tax
* Cash flow in construction
* Cash flow projection
* Construction VAT
* Contract sum analysis
* Defined cost
* Depreciation
* Fee proposal
* Final account
* Inflation
* Land value
* Landfill tax
* Market segmentation in the construction industry
* Marketing audits in the construction industry
* Net Present Value
* Pay as you earn in construction PAYE
* Private finance initiative
* Profits method of rating valuation
* Rate relief schemes for small business
* Rating valuation
* Record keeping
* Research and development tax relief
* Small and medium-sized enterprises SME
* Stamp duty land tax SDLT
* Tax relief
* Taxation in building design and construction
* VAT - Option to tax
* Working capital
* What is a mortgage?

= Principles of law =

* Arbitration Act
* Arbitration in the construction industry
* Conciliation in construction disputes
* Construction contract
* Construction litigation
* Contract vs tort
* Contracts under seal v under hand
* Court settlement process
* Damages in construction contracts
* Definition of collateral warranty
* Dispute resolution boards
* Duty of care in building design and construction
* Duty to warn in construction
* Easements
* Equality Act
* Essentials of a contract
* Express and implied terms in construction contracts
* Freehold
* Force majeure in construction
* Guarantees
* Joint and several liability in building design and construction contracts
* Land law
* Land register
* Leasehold.
* Legal and equitable assignment
* Legislation and standards
* Mediation in construction
* Negligence
* Novus actus interveniens
* Nuisance
* Ombudsman
* Planning court
* Restrictive covenant
* Trespass
* United Kingdom

= Building services technology =

[[Civil_engineering_course_essentials#Building_services_technology|See list here.]]

= Site surveying =

[[Architecture_course_essentials#Surveying|See list here.]]

= Methods of measurement =

* BCIS elements.
* Bill of quantities.
* Code of measuring practice.
* Common Arrangement of Work Sections(CAWS).
* Comparison of SMM7 with NRM2.
* Gross external area.
* Gross internal area.
* Measurement
* Net internal area.
* New Rules of Measurement.
* NRM 1.
* NRM 2.
* NRM 3.
* Standard Method of Measurement SMM7.
* Taking off.

= Procurement and contract administration =

* Assignment of construction contracts
* Attendance for construction
* Attestation in construction
* [[Back-to-back_provisions_in_construction_contacts|Back to back provisions in construction contracts]]
* Base date in construction contracts
* Bonds in construction contracts
* Bonds v guarantees
* Collateral warranties for building design and construction
* Construction contract conditions
* Construction contract particulars
* Construction work packaging
* Contract administrator for construction contracts
* Contract award
* Contract claims in construction
* Contract documents for construction
* Contract execution
* Contract sum analysis
* Contract terms for construction contracts
* Contractor's design portion
* Contractor's master programme
* Cost reimbursable contract
* Defects liability period DLP
* [[Design_and_build:_outline_work_plan|Design and build: outline work plan]]
* Design and build procurement route
* Disallowed cost
* Earned value for construction contracts
* Employer's requirements for building design and construction
* End of stage report for construction
* Final account
* Final certificate for construction contracts
* Fluctuations in construction contracts
* Form of tender
* Framework contract
* Guarantees
* Indemnity clauses in design and construction contracts
* Invitation to tender for construction contracts
* Joint and several liability in building design and construction contracts
* Lump sum contract
* [[Management_contract:_outline_work_plan|Management contract: outline work plan]]
* Measured term contract
* Measurement contract
* Modifying clauses in standard forms of construction contract
* Named specialist work
* Named sub-contractor
* Named supplier in construction contracts
* Negotiated contract
* Negotiated tendering
* Open tendering of construction works
* Performance specified work in construction contracts
* Prime contract
* Prime cost contract
* Prime cost sum
* Private finance initiative
* Privity of contract
* Procurement route
* Procurement route options pros and cons
* Public procurement
* [[Public_project:_outline_work_plan|Public project: outline work plan]]
* Retention in construction contracts
* Retention of title in construction
* Sectional completion in construction contracts
* Set off in construction contracts
* Shadow tender
* Single-stage tender
* Target contract
* Target cost for construction
* Tender documentation for construction projects
* Tender evaluation
* Tender for supply contracts
* Tender negotiations
* Tender pricing document
* Tender processes for construction contracts
* Tender report for construction contracts
* Tender sum for construction contracts
* [[Traditional_contract:_outline_work_plan|Traditional contract: outline work plan]]
* Two-stage tender
* Z clauses

= Health and safety =

[[Civil_engineering_course_essentials#Health_and_safety|See list here.]]

= Geotechnical engineering =

[[Construction_Engineering_Management_course_essentials#Geotechnical_engineering|See list here.]]

= Civil engineering technology =

[[Civil_engineering_course_essentials#Civil_engineering_technology|See list here.]]

= Contractor’s estimating and planning =

* Approximate quantities cost plan.
* Architect's instruction
* BCIS.
* BCIS elements.
* Bills of quantities.
* Completion of construction contracts
* Construction contract conditions
* Construction contractor
* Construction manager
* Construction organisations and strategy
* Construction progress meeting
* Construction progress report
* Construction stage report
* Construction work packaging
* Contractor vs supplier
* Contractor's proposals for building design and construction
* Contractors' all-risk insurance
* Cost consultant
* Cost plans for construction projects
* Design coordination
* Design management
* Document control in building design and construction
* Early warning notice
* Elemental cost plan
* End of contract report
* End of stage report for construction
* Extension of time EOT in construction contracts
* Extended aftercare for completed construction works
* Final account.
* Final report for construction works
* Handover construction site to the client
* Initial cost appraisals.
* Key performance indicators KPI
* Lean construction
* Management contractor
* Method statement for construction
* Milestones
* Mobilisation
* Materials on site
* Outturn cost.
* Possession of the site by the contractor
* Practical completion
* Pre-contract meeting for construction contracts
* Pre-demolition and pre-refurbishment audits
* Pre-tender estimate for contracts
* Preliminaries in construction
* Programme consultant
* Programme float for construction projects
* Programme for building design and construction
* Project handbook
* Project manager's report for building design and construction
* Project team for building design and construction
* Quality control for construction works
* Record keeping
* Schedule of defects
* Schedule of work for construction
* Scheduling construction activities
* Sectional completion in construction contracts
* Supply chain management in construction
* Tender pricing document
* Whole-life costs.
* Works contractor.

= Property development =

[[Architecture_course_essentials#Property_development|See list here.]]

= Civil and building engineering contracts =

[[Civil_engineering_course_essentials#Civil_engineering_contracts|See list here.]]

= Maintenance, repair and refurbishment =

[[Construction_Engineering_Management_course_essentials#Maintenance.2C_repair_and_refurbishment|See list here.]]

= Management finance =

* Balance sheet
* Bridging loan for property
* Capital allowances for construction
* Capital costs for construction projects
* Capital expenditure for construction
* Cash flow forecast
* Competition law
* Construction loan
* Construction VAT
* Corporate finance
* Cost Value Reconciliations (CVR)
* Discounted cash flow
* Discounting for construction projects
* Earned value for construction contracts
* Equity and loan capital for property development
* Finance act
* Financial management tools
* Financial Reporting Standard for Small Entities FRSSE
* Insolvency in the construction industry
* Intellectual property
* Money laundering
* Open book accounting
* Pay as you earn in construction PAYE
* Profit and loss account
* Profits method of rating valuation
* Project bank account
* Project benchmarking
* Property development finance
* Rent free period
* Research and development tax relief
* Tax relief
* Working capital

= Value management and engineering =

* Benchmarking.
* Building Information Modelling.
* Overcoming difficulties in value management.
* Team management.
* Value engineering in building design and construction
* Value management.
* Value management techniques for building design and construction.

[[Category:History]] [[Category:Theory]]

Construction project management course essentials

2016-05-17T15:52:23Z

United Utilities:

Construction project management course essentials

2016-05-17T15:51:35Z

United Utilities:

Student resources

2016-05-17T15:33:08Z

United Utilities:

= How to become... =

* [[How_to_become_an_architect|How to become an architect]]
* How to become a civil engineer
* How to become a construction manager
* How to become an engineer
* How to become a quantity surveyor
* How to become a landscape designer

= Universities =

There are many universities in the UK that have Built Environment and Construction departments. Below is a list of profiles for some of these universities and the courses that they offer. Please add to the list and profiles to help make it more comprehensive.

* University of Aberdeen - [https://www.abdn.ac.uk/engineering/index.php School of Engineering]
* Abertay Dundee University - [http://www.abertay.ac.uk/discover/academic-schools/science-engineering-and-technology/divisionofnaturalandbuiltenvironment/ Division of Natural and Built Environment]
* Anglia Ruskin University - [http://www.anglia.ac.uk/science-and-technology/about/engineering-and-the-built-environment Engineering and the Built Environment]
* Aston University - [http://www.aston.ac.uk/eas/about-eas/academic-groups/esm/ Engineering Systems and Management]
* Bath University - [http://www.bath.ac.uk/ace/ Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering]
* [[Birmingham_City_University_-_School_of_the_Built_Environment|Birmingham City University - School of the Built Environment]]
* University of Birmingham - [http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/university/colleges/eps/index.aspx Engineering and Physical Sciences]
* Bradford University - [http://www.bradford.ac.uk/study/courses/info/civil-and-structural-engineering-meng-4-years Civil and Structural Engineering]
* University of Brighton - [http://about.brighton.ac.uk/set/ School of Environment and Technology]
* University of Bristol - [http://www.bristol.ac.uk/engineering/about/quen/ Queen's School of Engineering]
* Brunel University - [http://www.brunel.ac.uk/cedps College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences]
* Cambridge University - [http://www.arct.cam.ac.uk/ Department of Architecture]
* Cardiff University - [http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/colleges/physical-sciences-engineering?utm_source=linkfixer&utm_medium=redirect&utm_campaign=%2Fpse College of Physical Sciences and Engineering]
* Central Lancashire University - [http://www.uclan.ac.uk/schools/engineering/index.php School of Engineering]
* City University - [http://www.city.ac.uk/department-civil-engineering Department of Civil Engineering]
* Coventry University - [http://www.coventry.ac.uk/study-at-coventry/faculties-and-schools/engineering-environment-and-computing/energy-construction-and-environment/ School of Energy, Construction and Environment]
* De Montfort University - [http://www.dmu.ac.uk/about-dmu/schools-and-departments/school-of-engineering-and-sustainable-development/index.aspx School of Engineering and Sustainable Development], [http://www.dmu.ac.uk/about-dmu/schools-and-departments/leicester-school-of-architecture/leicester-school-of-architecture.aspx Leicester School of Architecture]
* Derby University - [http://www.derby.ac.uk/about/organisation/colleges-departments/collegeofengineeringandtechnology/ College of Engineering and Technology]
* Dundee University - [http://www.dundee.ac.uk/scienceengineering/ School of Science and Engineering], [http://www.dundee.ac.uk/architecture/ Architecture]
* East London University - [https://www.uel.ac.uk/schools/ace School of Architecture, Computing and Engineering]
* University of Edinburgh - [http://www.eca.ed.ac.uk/architecture-landscape-architecture School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture]
* Edinburgh Napier University - [http://www.napier.ac.uk/about-us/our-schools/school-of-engineering-and-the-built-environment School of Engineering & the Built Environment]
* Glasgow Caledonian University - [http://www.gcu.ac.uk/ebe/ School of Engineering and Built Environment]
* [http://www.gsa.ac.uk/ Glasgow School of Art]
* Glasgow University - [http://www.gla.ac.uk/schools/engineering/ School of Engineering]
* Greenwich University - [http://www.gre.ac.uk/ach Faculty of Architecture], [http://www.gre.ac.uk/engsci Faculty of Engineering and Science]
* Heriot-Watt University - [http://www.hw.ac.uk/schools/energy-geoscience-infrastructure-society/ School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society]
* Huddersfield University - [https://www.hud.ac.uk/schools/artdesignandarchitecture/departments/departmentofarchitectureand3ddesign/ Department of Architecture and 3D Design]
* Hull School of Art and Design - [http://www.hull-college.ac.uk/courses/course/m.-arch-architecture Architecture]
* Imperial College - [http://www.imperial.ac.uk/engineering/departments/civil-engineering/ Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering]
* Kent University - [https://www.kent.ac.uk/architecture/ School of Architecture]
* Kingston University - [http://fada.kingston.ac.uk/ Faculty of Art, Design & Architecture], [http://sec.kingston.ac.uk/ Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing]
* [[Leeds_Beckett_University|Leeds Beckett University]]
* Leeds University - [https://engineering.leeds.ac.uk/ Faculty of Engineering]
* Lincoln University - [https://www.lincoln.ac.uk/home/ad/ School of Architecture and Design], [https://www.lincoln.ac.uk/home/engineering/ School of Engineering]
* Liverpool John Moores University - [https://www.ljmu.ac.uk/about-us/faculties/faculty-of-engineering-and-technology Faculty of Engineering and Technology]
* Liverpool University - [https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/architecture/ School of Architecture], [https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/engineering/ School of Engineering]
* London Metropolitan University - [http://www.londonmet.ac.uk/faculties/the-cass/ Sir John Cass Faculty of Art, Architecture and Design]
* [[London_South_Bank_University_-_School_of_the_Built_Environment_and_Architecture|London South Bank University - School of the Built Environment and Architecture]]
* [[Loughborough_University_-_School_of_Civil_and_Building_Engineering|Loughborough University - School of Civil and Building Engineering]]
* Manchester Metropolitan University - [http://www.soe.mmu.ac.uk/ School of Engineering]
* Manchester University - [http://www.mace.manchester.ac.uk/ School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering]
* Newcastle University - [http://www.ncl.ac.uk/apl Architecture, Planning and Landscape], [http://www.ncl.ac.uk/ceg Civil Engineering and Geosciences]
* [[Northumbria_University_-_Architecture_and_Built_Environment|Northumbria University - Architecture and Built Environment]]
* Nottingham Trent University - [https://www.ntu.ac.uk/adbe/index.html School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment]
* [[University_of_Nottingham_-_Department_of_Architecture_and_Built_Environment|University of Nottingham - Department of Architecture and Built Environment]]
* Oxford Brookes University - [http://architecture.brookes.ac.uk/ School of Architecture], [http://be.brookes.ac.uk/ School of the Built Environment]
* Plymouth University
* Portsmouth University
* Queens University Belfast
* Reading University
* Robert Gordon University
* Royal College of Art
* [[University_of_Salford_-_School_of_the_Built_Environment|University of Salford - School of the Built Environment]]
* [[Sheffield_Hallam_University_-_Department_of_the_Natural_and_Built_Environment|Sheffield Hallam University - Department of the Natural and Built Environment]]
* Sheffield University
* Southampton Solent
* Southampton University
* University of South Wales - [http://www.southwales.ac.uk/about/faculties-and-schools/school-engineering/ School of Engineering]
* Strathclyde University
* Teeside University
* [[The_Bartlett_-_UCL_Faculty_of_the_Built_Environment|The Bartlett - UCL Faculty of the Built Environment]]
* Ulster at Jordanstown University
* Ulster University
* Warwick University
* [[University_of_Westminster_-_Architecture_and_the_Built_Environment|University of Westminster - Architecture and the Built Environment]]
* [[University_of_the_West_of_England_Department_of_Architecture_and_the_Built_Environment|University of the West of England - Department of Architecture and the Built Environment]]
* Wolverhampton University

= Colleges =

* Barnfield College - [http://www.barnfield.ac.uk/courses/construction/ Construction]
* Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design - [http://www.arts.ac.uk/csm/courses/our-programmes/spatial-practices-programme/ Spatial Practices Programme]
* College of Estate Management
* Lincoln College - [http://www.lincolncollege.ac.uk/Construction-Crafts%20 Construction Crafts]

= Courses =

* Architecture course essentials
* Civil engineering course essentials
* Commercial management and quantity surveying course essentials
* Construction engineering management course essentials
* [[Construction_project_management_course_essentials|Construction project management course essentials]]
* Urban design

= Dissertation guides =

[[Construction_Dissertation_Guides|Read our series of guides to construction dissertations here.]]

= Profiles =

* Interview with Paul Grundy - Architectural Photographer

[[Category:Publications_/_reports]] [[Category:Case_law]]

Construction project management course essentials

2016-05-17T15:31:18Z

United Utilities:

Construction project management course essentials

2016-05-17T15:30:31Z

United Utilities:

For more information, see How to become a project manager.

For students of Construction Project Management, the following information, divided into the module subjects you are likely to study as part of the course, is available on our site.

= Project management =

* Construction management: outline work plan.
* Design and build: outline work plan.
* Management contract: outline work plan.
* Public project: outline work plan.
* Self-build home: outline work plan.
* Step-by-step guide to using BIM on projects.
* Traditional contract: outline work plan.

= Design management =

* Abortive work.
* Approved documents.
* Architect's instruction.
* Asset information model AIM.
* Asset information requirements AIR.
* BIM articles.
* Briefing documents for building design.
* Building design.
* Change control procedure for building design and construction.
* Collaborative practices for building design and construction.
* Common data environment.
* Concept architectural design checklist.
* Concept design report.
* Construction industry knowledge standard.
* Consultant team for design and construction.
* Consultation process.
* Contingency plan.
* Data drops for BIM.
* Demand matrix for BIM.
* Design and access statement.
* Design and build procurement route.
* Design coordination.
* Design Council.
* Design for deconstruction.
* Design intent.
* Design liability.
* Design management.
* Design management plan.
* Design manager.
* Design programme.
* Design quality for buildings.
* Design responsibility matrix.
* Design review.
* Design web for building design.
* Detailed design report.
* Detailed planning application.
* Developed design.
* Document control.
* End of stage report.
* Environmental plan for building design and construction.
* Feasibility studies for construction projects.
* Fire safety design.
* Gateways.
* Inclusive design.
* Insurance for building design and construction.
* Lead consultant.
* Lead designer.
* Life cycle assessment.
* Masterplanning.
* Milestones.
* Mixed use development.
* Non-discriminatory building design.
* Office space planning.
* Options review report.
* Performance specification.
* Pre-construction information.
* Preparation and brief project stage.
* Programme for building design and construction.
* Project benchmarking.
* Project brief.
* Project execution plan PEP.
* Project extranet.
* Project implementation plan for construction projects.
* Project quality plan PQP.
* Quality in construction projects.
* RIBA plan of work.
* Risk register for building design and construction.
* Scope creep.
* Specialist designers.
* Stakeholder management for building design and construction.
* Strategic brief.
* Team management.
* Technical design stage for building projects.
* Types of drawings.
* Value management.
* Variation.

= Construction technology =

= Building environmental science =

[[Construction_Engineering_Management_course_essentials#Building_environmental_science|See list here.]]

= Principles of law =

= Economics =

= Building services =

= Health and safety =

= Contracts =

= Management principles and practice =

= Property development =

[[Architecture_course_essentials#Property_development|See list here.]]

[[Category:History]] [[Category:Theory]]

Construction project management course essentials

2016-05-17T15:03:48Z

United Utilities:

= Project plans =

* Construction management: outline work plan.
* Design and build: outline work plan.
* Management contract: outline work plan.
* Public project: outline work plan.
* Self-build home: outline work plan.
* Step-by-step guide to using BIM on projects.
* Traditional contract: outline work plan.

= Principles of design management =

* Abortive work.
* Approved documents.
* Architect's instruction.
* Asset information model AIM.
* Asset information requirements AIR.
* BIM articles.
* Briefing documents for building design.
* Building design.
* Change control procedure for building design and construction.
* Collaborative practices for building design and construction.
* Common data environment.
* Concept architectural design checklist.
* Concept design report.
* Construction industry knowledge standard.
* Consultant team for design and construction.
* Consultation process.
* Contingency plan.
* Data drops for BIM.
* Demand matrix for BIM.
* Design and access statement.
* Design and build procurement route.
* Design coordination.
* Design Council.
* Design for deconstruction.
* Design intent.
* Design liability.
* Design management.
* Design management plan.
* Design manager.
* Design programme.
* Design quality for buildings.
* Design responsibility matrix.
* Design review.
* Design web for building design.
* Detailed design report.
* Detailed planning application.
* Developed design.
* Document control.
* End of stage report.
* Environmental plan for building design and construction.
* Feasibility studies for construction projects.
* Fire safety design.
* Gateways.
* Inclusive design.
* Insurance for building design and construction.
* Lead consultant.
* Lead designer.
* Life cycle assessment.
* Masterplanning.
* Milestones.
* Mixed use development.
* Non-discriminatory building design.
* Office space planning.
* Options review report.
* Performance specification.
* Pre-construction information.
* Preparation and brief project stage.
* Programme for building design and construction.
* Project benchmarking.
* Project brief.
* Project execution plan PEP.
* Project extranet.
* Project implementation plan for construction projects.
* Project quality plan PQP.
* Quality in construction projects.
* RIBA plan of work.
* Risk register for building design and construction.
* Scope creep.
* Specialist designers.
* Stakeholder management for building design and construction.
* Strategic brief.
* Team management.
* Technical design stage for building projects.
* Types of drawings.
* Value management.
* Variation.

= Construction technology =

= Building environmental science =

[[Construction_Engineering_Management_course_essentials#Building_environmental_science|See list here.]]

[[Category:History]] [[Category:Theory]]

Construction project management course essentials

2016-05-17T15:00:07Z

United Utilities:

Sewer construction

2016-05-17T14:23:55Z

United Utilities:

[[File:Sewer5.jpg|link=File:Sewer5.jpg]]

= Introduction =

Sewers are expensive to construct and if not built correctly remedial works can be disruptive, time consuming, costly and, in some circumstances, have adverse effects on a company’s reputation. In many instances, a lot of mistakes can be avoided by considering the specification and requirements before and during construction. This is an on-site guide for contractors and operatives constructing sewers, with advice notes provided to avoid some of the common on site errors.

Sewers for Adoption (7th ed.) contains guidance for the design and construction of sewers that will be adopted by Sewerage Undertakers in England and Wales in accordance with Section 104 of the Water Industry Act 1991.

= Safety in sewers and excavations =

It is a contractor’s responsibility to ensure that all operatives are competent and experienced to complete works to the required standards.

=== Trenches and excavations ===

Trenches must be adequately supported, free from boulders and tree roots must be taken out. Muddy ground, water and soft areas in the trench base must be removed. Materials, spoil and equipment must be stored safely and plant should be operated within a safe working distance. The trench must be adequately protected from slips, trips, falls, site traffic and have a safe means of access and egress.

Trenches should be adequately dewatered to provide a firm base but not dug wider than necessary as excessive loading may be placed on the pipe. Should ground conditions be unsuitable for pipe laying and manhole construction, an engineer must be consulted to design a solution.

=== Control of site and trench groundwater ===

In addition, care must be taken to prevent site debris, sludge or silt from entering the sewer network which could ultimately cause flow restrictions, blockages, flooding, pollution and also affect the receiving wastewater treatment works. Costs associated with such incidents may be recovered from those responsible. In addition, should an inappropriate discharge of site groundwater or construction material cause a pollution incident, this may lead to prosecution.

=== Agreed drawings ===

For sewer adoption and diversion works, construction must comply with the agreed drawings. Similarly, for public sewer connections, works must comply with the details which have been agreed by the Local Authority, the relevant Building Control Authority and the approval given by the contractor for the works to proceed. It is recommended that a site copy of the agreed drawings are available to those carrying out construction to avoid any mistakes or deviation from specification.

=== Construction materials ===

All materials including pipes must comply with the agreed drawings to Water Industry Standards (WIS) and be Kitemarked or have a similar EU certification mark.

All materials should be handled with care and stored safely in accordance with manufacture’s recommendations.

= Manhole chambers =

=== Typical manhole chambers up to 3m deep ===

[[File:Sewer1.jpg|link=File:Sewer1.jpg]]

Manholes should be constructed where there is a change of direction and/or a change of gradient, or where access is required for maintenance purposes. Such changes in direction or gradient must be made within the channel and not outside of the manhole or concealed by benching.

Manholes should also be positioned 0.5 m away from curb lines, preferably with the manhole cover positioned away from the wheel line of traffic.

=== Sizing of manhole chamber ===

Manhole bases should be sized to accommodate the main channel, lateral connection channels and provide a minimum 600 x 600 sq. mm landing area beneath the step rungs or ladder for main channels up to 375 mm. However, should there be several channels the size of the chamber may need to be increased.

N.B. road cambers should be considered when positioning manholes with double covers across the centre of a carriageway.

=== Manhole base and channel construction ===

The manhole base should be a minimum of 225 mm deep to the barrel of the channel. To prevent the ingress of ground water and associated calcified deposits bleeding through the benching, the concrete should not be a dry mix and sufficiently compacted or pokered to remove voids and entrained air. Channels must be steep sided to at least the crown of the pipe.

=== Channels ===

The pipe joint adjacent to the channel should be a minimum of 100 mm from the internal face of the manhole. Lateral connections into the manhole must also enter the chamber as channels, again at 100 mm from the internal face of the chamber and connect to the main channel at soffit to soffit level, swept with the direction of main flow.

Minimum length of channel:

{|
|Chamber diameter
|‘X’ min.
|-
|1,200
|950
|-
|1,500
|1,050
|-
|1,800
|1,150
|-
|2,100
|1,300
|-
|2,400
|1,450
|-
|2,700
|1,550
|-
|3,000
|1,700
|}

=== Channel types ===

Channel inverts must be constructed using channel fittings for pipe diameters up to 300 mm. Clay and suitably fixed plastic channels are acceptable. Granolithic channels formed for smaller diameter channels often are either not sufficiently finished or the profile of the channel is not maintained, causing the accumulation of solids and associated odour complaints and as such are not acceptable.

Granolithic channels above 300 mm diameter must be finished with a steel float. Preformed plastic bases constructed within manhole rings are also not permitted. Preformed concrete and plastic coated concrete bases are permitted.

=== Lateral connection manhole channels ===

Lateral connections within manholes must meet the main channel at ‘soffit-to-soffit’ level with the channel commencing 100 mm from the chamber wall. All lateral channels must meet the main channel, swept in the direction of the main flow.

=== Manhole benching ===

Benching should be self-cleansing and formed with high strength concrete at a gradient of between 1:10-1:30. To maintain a smooth flow within the main channel, the benching must be formed vertically from the edge of the channel to at least the crown of the pipe.

=== Stub and rocker pipes ===

The manhole stub pipe must terminate within 150 mm from the external face of the manhole. The length of the rocker pipe used must correspond to the sewer diameter. For sewers up to 600 mm diameter, the rocker length must be 500-750 mm long.

N.B. no rocker pipes are required on concrete pipes in excess of 1,050 mm diameter.

=== Setting out position of 1st ring and cover slab ===

The underside of the manhole ring must be situated between 50-300 mm above the crown of the pipe. The distance from finished ground level to the top step rung beneath the cover slab must not exceed 675 mm. A minimum distance of 150 mm between the underside of the cover slab to the top step iron must also be provided. It is recommended that the site engineer sets out the cover slab, concrete base and manhole ring levels to ensure that the above distances are provided.

=== Manhole rings and step irons ===

Manhole rings must be seated on a mortar bed and adequately pointed to prevent the ingress of ground water. Alternatively, proprietary bitumen or mastic bedding materials can be used. Manhole ring lifting eyes must be pointed flush with the chamber walls.

The step rungs must be plumb, in vertical alignment and equally spaced, leading to a landing area of a minimum area of 600 x 600 sq. mm from the edge of the main channel to the chamber wall.

=== Ladders ===

[[File:Sewer2.jpg|link=File:Sewer2.jpg]]

The distance from ground level to the 1st step or ladder rung must be no more than 675 mm. Remember the top step must be a minimum of 150 mm from the underside of the cover slab. A site engineer should set out the cover slab levels prior to construction so that this specification is achieved.

In areas of traffic loading, high ground water table levels or contaminated ground, 150 mm GEN 3 concrete surrounds to manhole chambers must be provided. Alternatively, wide wall rings can be considered.

Where the distance from ground level to the benching landing area is in excess of 3 m, step irons are not permitted and a ladder must be installed. Stainless steel or, in certain circumstances, glass reinforced plastic (GRP) ladders are acceptable.

=== Cover slabs and access openings ===

For 600 x 600 sq. mm openings on 1,050 mm diameter chamber rings and above, it is usual that a 600 x 750 mm cover slab is fitted, reduced to a 600 x 600 sq. mm opening by the use of an eccentric raising piece to suit the manhole cover and frame used.

Generally, where manhole chambers are between 1.5-3 m deep from finished ground level to benching landing area, a 600 x 600 mm clear unobstructed opening is normally suitable.

Where chambers are less than 1.5 m deep from finished ground level to benching landing area, consideration should be given to accessing and carrying out maintenance activities within the chamber.

For 1,050 mm and 1,200 mm diameter rings less than 1.5 m deep to benching, 750 x 750 mm covers shall be fitted.

For 1,500 mm diameter rings less than 1.5 m deep to benching, 1,200 x 675 mm covers shall be fitted.

N.B. cover slabs must not be cut to increase opening dimensions as this will significantly weaken the cover slab.

=== Positioning of cover slabs ===

Cover slabs must be positioned in square alignment with step irons or ladders and provide a minimum 600 x 600 sq. mm unobstructed opening. The internal face of the cover slab must be plumb with the outer edge of the step irons.

=== Adjusting brickwork, raising pieces and manhole cover and frames ===

1-3 courses of solid Class B engineering bricks should be used, free from thin masonry splits constructed using 3:1 cement sand mortar in English Bond.

N.B. Normal house building mortar is unsuitable for constructing adjusting brickwork. Furthermore, masonry splits should only be used to achieve road cambers and gradients.

Alternatively, pre-cast raising pieces can be used, bedded on 3:1 sand/cement mortar or stronger. Proprietary shimming pieces should be used to achieve road cambers and gradients, etc.

N.B. When calculating the number of masonry courses, the mortar bed beneath the manhole frame must not exceed 12 mm.

Both adjusting brickwork and raising pieces must be of sound construction, plumb, in alignment with the cover slab, free from holes, mortar snots with the mortar joints suitably pointed or flush with the brickwork. The rendering of adjusting brickwork or concrete seating rings is not permitted.

=== Manhole cover and frames ===

Sewers for Adoption specifies that all manhole frames located in adopted highways should be a minimum of 150 mm deep and only 100 mm frames are permitted in residential cul-de-sacs. Covers must be Kitemarked and comply with BS EN124 with Class D400 covers used in all areas used by road vehicles.

It is, however, recommended that all cover and frames subject to traffic loading have 150 mm deep cover and frames fitted.

Inappropriate bedding of manhole frames often leads to movement of both the manhole cover within the frame and the disintegration of the surrounding ground, especially in trafficked areas.

Before final surfacing, it is recommended that all frames are checked for alignment and sound bedding. Resetting frames and associated reinstatement can be costly, time consuming and spoil the appearance of a newly surfaced area.

Generally, covers must be bolted together with manhole key holes free from debris and ready for inspection.

= Pipes and bedding =

=== Sewer pipes and bedding specification ===

Pipes used on main adoptable sewer lengths must comply with Sewers for Adoption specification. Should there be any queries as to the suitability of materials, these should be clarified before construction.

Vitrified clay pipes should comply with requirements BS EN 295 for foul pipes and BS 65 for surface water pipes.

Thermoplastic structural walled pipes must comply with Water Industry Standard 4-35-01 and achieve Class 8k/Nm2 nominal short term ring stiffness.

Pipes must be Kitemarked or have a similar E.U. certification mark.

=== Handling and storage of pipes ===

Pipes are expensive and should be handled with care and stored safely in flat areas, away from excavations, stacked no greater than manufactures recommendations. In particular, PVC pipes should be stored on surfaces that prevent distortion of both the pipe circumference and linear profile.

=== Protection of sewers ===

Sewers located within highway or areas of traffic should have 1.2 m of cover. In other areas, 0.9 m of cover is required. Where this is not possible, a full protective concrete bed and surround must be provided, inclusive of flexible joints.

=== Pipe bedding ===

Pipes must be evenly bedded along the length of the pipe, usually full bed and surround for rigid, semi rigid and flexible pipe materials. The pipe manufacturer’s recommendations and agreed drawings should be consulted.

=== Laying and jointing of pipes ===

Pipes should be laid in 3 m maximum lengths with the joints ‘pushed home’ into sockets. Furthermore, care must be taken to ensure the pipe jointing seals are free from grit, silt etc. which will likely cause the pipe length to fail later air testing.

It is recommended that sewers are air tested at regular intervals as pipes are laid. Pipes should be cleanly cut, be free from defects and laid without back fall and dips.

It is recommended that sewers are laid using pipe lasers to achieve a single consistent gradient. Where there is little fall such as gradients up to 1:150 extra care should be taken to prevent dips. Back laying of pipes should be avoided where possible as level errors and the positioning of unforeseen existing services may require corrective measures which can be either expensive or impossible to rectify.

=== Backfilling ===

Pipes should be backfilled and compacted in 150 mm layers to 300 mm above the pipe crown. Care should be taken during compaction so that the sewer remains in good line and level, in particular adjacent to manhole chambers to prevent rocker pipes being pushed down from stub pipes.

= Testing of sewers =

Sewers up to 750 mm diameter must be available for testing either by air or water.

=== Air testing ===

For air testing, the sewer must hold a head from 100 mm to a minimum of 75 mm for 5 minutes once the pressure is initially stabilised.

=== Water testing ===

The sewer should be filled with water to provide 1.2-6 m head of water above the soffit of the pipes at the highest point. To allow for absorption, after 2 hours water should be added at 5 minute intervals and the volume of water required to keep the water at the initial level recorded. The rate of water loss must not exceed 0.5 litres / per 30 minutes / metre diameter / linear metre.

=== CCTV surveys ===

All sewers proposed for adoption must be inspected by CCTV survey. In advance of the CCTV survey, it is the developer’s responsibility to ensure that sewers are suitably cleansed otherwise the survey work will be abandoned.

Thermoplastic pipes are also subject to profile laser light-line surveying which measures any deformation within the pipeline. Pipes with deformation in excess of 5% must be replaced. For sewers subject to S185 Sewer Diversion Agreements, it is the developer’s responsibility to provide CCTV footage of cleansed sewers before flows are diverted. However, CCTV surveys recorded during the jetting works or surveys of dry pipelines are not suitable as an indication of the level of the pipe cannot be achieved.

N.B. Pipe defects, dips, back fall and poor jointing highlighted by these surveys will need to be repaired.

= Connections =

=== Connections to existing public sewers ===

Depending on the number of properties that are served by the drain or sewer and the diameter of the main public sewer, connections can be made to:

* an existing public sewer manhole.
* a new manhole constructed on the public sewer.
* by the installation of a pre-formed oblique junction, matching the main sewer material, using proprietary couplings.
* by core-drilling the barrel of the pipe at 2 or 10 o’clock and installing a proprietary saddle fitting.

=== Connections to existing public sewer manholes ===

The dimensions and configuration of the existing public sewer manhole must be able to accommodate the new connection. Where this is not possible, a new manhole will need to be constructed. Connections must be made via a core drill so that the chamber remains in good order. Connecting pipe work should meet the main channel at ‘soffit to soffit’ level. High level external back drop pipes must also be core drilled. Internal backdrop connections are generally not permitted. Channels should be used to turn the discharge to the direction with the main flow. Channels and high level pipes must not conflict with existing openings, step irons and must maintain a clear 600 x 600 mm clear landing area.

=== New manholes on existing public sewers ===

The diameter or size of a manhole chamber should provide sufficient access for maintenance such as jetting, CCTV surveys and man entry to the channels where required. A minimum 600 x 600 mm clear opening should be provided for manholes 1.5-3 m deep from benching to finished ground level.

New connection channels must not be constructed in the existing landing area. Connecting channels must be swept with the direction of main flow. The new connecting pipe work must meet the main channel at pipe ‘soffit to soffit level.

Channels must be from half barrel and not intrude into the main sewer flow. Where existing chambers do not provide sufficient space to make a new connection, chambers may have to be re-constructed with a larger chamber. ‘T’ Junctions should not be used.

=== Pre-formed junction connections ===

Oblique preformed junctions only must be installed using proprietary couplings. ‘T junctions must not be used.

Openings in the existing sewer must be squarely and accurately cut, free from rough edges. The installed fitting should be in good alignment with the existing sewer.

=== Core-drilled saddle connections ===

All saddle connections must be core-drilled. It should be noted that forming openings using circular cutting wheels weakens the pipe and causes structural defects.

Oblique saddle fittings must be used on pipes less than 450 mm diameter. Proprietary saddle fittings must be used on all connections. The internal saddle fitting diameter must not be greater than 1/3 of the main sewer internal diameter.

=== Back drop connections ===

Generally, internal backdrop connections are not permitted. Should an external backdrop have a high risk of blockages, a rodding point extending to ground level should be provided.

= Access =

=== Bespoke or manhole chambers for storage systems ===

Chamber ring diameters should be selected on size of manhole inlets and outlets and should also be able to accommodate the number of connections, associated channels and provide a minimum 600 mm x 600 mm landing area.

For 600 mm diameter pipes and above, where benching and a landing area is constructed 50% diameter above invert, a 500 mm x 150 mm recess must be cast within the manhole base, for step irons to be installed to lead down to the main channel invert.

=== Alternative access arrangements for larger diameter surface water sewer manholes ===

For 600 mm diameter surface water sewers and above with headroom limited to 2 m or less, suitable access into the channel can be achieved by a forming a recess within the manhole base, with step rungs installed leading down to a landing area formed and finishing at a point 150 mm above channel invert. Step rungs must be plumb and vertical alignment as shown below.

= Fixings and rails =

Safety chains are required on sewer outlets greater than 525 mm internal diameter. The chain must be 8 mm diameter and made from stainless steel.

Stainless steel and, in some circumstances, GRP handrails and balustrades are permitted.

-----
This article was first published as [http://www.unitedutilities.com/documents/6805-contractors-guide.pdf 'Site Sewer Construction Guide'] by United Utilities.

--[[User:United_Utilities|United Utilities]]

= Find out more =

=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===

* Bund.
* Catchment flood management plans.
* Culvert.
* Detention pond definition.
* Groundwater control in urban areas.
* Highway drainage.
* Rainwater harvesting.
* River engineering.
* Safe working in drains and sewers.
* Soakaway.
* Sustainable urban drainage systems SUDS.
* Thames tideway tunnel.
* Trenchless technology.
* Tunnelling.

=== External references ===

* [http://sfa.wrcplc.co.uk/ Sewers for Adoption]
* United Utilities - [http://www.unitedutilities.com/documents/6805-contractors-guide.pdf Contractor's guide to site sewage construction]

[[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]] [[Category:Roles_/_services]]