Thermal conductivity

2023-07-07T10:51:15Z

Saggyhaggis:

= Introduction =

Thermal conductivity (sometimes referred to as k-value or lambda value (λ)) is a measure of the rate at which temperature differences transmit through a material. The lower the thermal conductivity of a material, the slower the rate at which temperature differences transmit through it, and so the more effective it is as an insulator. Very broadly, the lower the thermal conductivity of a building's fabric, the less energy is required to maintain comfortable conditions inside.

Thermal conductivity is a fundamental material property independent of thickness. It is measured watts per meter kelvin (W/mK).

The thermal resistance of the layers of the a building's fabric (R measured in in m²K/W) can be calculated from the thickness of each layer / the thermal conductivity of that layer.

The U value of an element of a building can be calculated from sum of the thermal resistances (R-values) of the layers that make up the element plus its internal and external surface resistances (Ri and Ro).

U-value = 1 / (ΣR + Ri + Ro)

U-values (sometimes referred to as heat transfer coefficients or thermal transmittances) are used to measure how effective elements of a buildings fabric are as insulators.

The standards for the measurement of thermal conductivity are BS EN 12664, BS EN 12667 and BS EN 12939. In the absence of values provided by product manufacturers following thermal conductivity tests, the thermal conductivity data obtained from BS EN 12524 Building materials and products. Hygrothermal properties.

= Thermal conductivity of typical building materials =

Thermal conductivity values of typical building materials shown below.

{|
| Material
| W/mK
|-
| Blockwork (light)
| 0.38
|-
| Blockwork (medium)
| 0.51
|-
| Blockwork (dense)
| 1.63
|-
| Brick (exposed)
| 0.84
|-
| Brick (protected)
| 0.62
|-
| Chipboard
| 0.15
|-
| Concrete (aerated)
| 0.16
|-
| Concrete (cellular 400 kg/m3)
| 0.1
|-
| Concrete (cellular 1200 kg/m3)
| 0.4
|-
| Concrete (dense)
| 1.4
|-
| fibreglass quilt
| 0.033
|-
| glass
| 1.05
|-
| glass foam aggregate (dry)
| 0.08
|-
| hemp slabs
| 0.40
|-
| hempcrete
| 0.25
|-
| mineral wool
| 0.038
|-
| mortar
| 0.80
|-
| phenolic foam (PIR)
| 0.022
|-
| plaster (gypsum)
| 0.46
|-
| plasterboard (gypsum)
| 0.21
|-
| polystyrene foam
| 0.032
|-
| polyurethane foam (PUR)
| 0.025
|-
| render (sand/cement)
| 0.50
|-
| screed (cement/sand)
| 0.41
|-
| steel
| 16 - 80
|-
| stone (limestone)
| 1.30
|-
| stone (sandstone)
| 1.50
|-
| stone (granite)
| 1.7 - 4.0
|-
| stone chippings
| 0.96
|-
| straw bale
| 0.09
|-
| timber (softwood)
| 0.13
|-
| timber (hardwood - commonly used)
| 0.14 - 0.17
|-
| woodfibre board
| 0.11
|}

= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =

* Conventions for calculating linear thermal transmittance and temperature factors.
* g-value.
* Heat transfer.
* Insulation.
* k-value.
* Limiting fabric parameters.
* R-value.
* Thermal admittance.
* Thermal mass.
* U Value.
* U-value conventions in practice: Worked examples using BR 443.

[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Standard]] [[Category:Theory]] [[Category:Standards_/_measurements]]

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Thermal conductivity