https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/index.php?feed=atom&target=Michal_Konicek&title=Special%3AContributions%2FMichal_Konicek 2026-05-18T23:06:04Z From Designing Buildings MediaWiki 1.17.4 https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/User:Michal_Konicek 2022-02-17T21:05:30Z

<p>Michal Konicek: </p> <hr /> <div>Article: [[Cloud-based_Wind_comfort_simulations|Cloud-based Wind comfort simulations]]<br /> <br /> Media:<br /> <br /> [[File:Architects of Future Skyline City of London AccuCities.jpg]]<br /> <br /> [[File:Bishopsgate_London_3D_model.png|1920px|link=File:Bishopsgate_London_3D_model.png]]</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Laser_scanning_for_building_design_and_construction 2022-02-16T16:33:01Z

<p>Michal Konicek: </p> <hr /> <div>= Introduction =<br /> <br /> Laser scanning is a method of collecting surface data using a laser scanner which captures the precise distance of densely-scanned points over a given object at rapid speed. The process is commonly referred to as a point cloud survey or as light detection and ranging (LIDAR, a combination of the words 'light' and 'radar'). It can be used to generate 3D imagery that can be converted for use in 3D computer aided design (CAD) modelling or building information modelling (BIM).<br /> <br /> Instrumentation comprises high-speed lasers with an integrated camera using colour coding mounted on a tripod. Typically such instruments operate up to a range of 180 metres and at speeds of up to 990,000 points per second.<br /> <br /> = Accuracy =<br /> <br /> Laser scanning has proved to be much quicker, more accurate and cheaper than conventional survey measurement. The accuracy of the process depends on the steadiness of the instrument base and the distance from the object. Close range objects achieve sub millimetre accuracy. For normal terrestrial survey work + or – 2mm per 100m is a good guide to accuracy. Greater distances of 2 kms may be accurate to + or – 50mm.<br /> <br /> = Use in property and construction =<br /> <br /> Laser scanning provides a robust method for surveying inaccessible surfaces as well as complex geometry. All the major providers of CAD 3D modelling and BIM software have built compatibility that allows their systems to import the point cloud data into 3D visual graphic material.<br /> <br /> The use of helicopters and drones with laser scanning has become a recognised method capturing the exact detail of topography, existing structures and townscapes. [[File:Lidar-five-comparisons-01.jpg]]<br /> <br /> LIDAR has also come become invaluable for surveying existing properties for retrofitting and refurbishment.<br /> <br /> LIDAR has been extensively used for surveys from moving rail bogeys and road vehicles.<br /> <br /> The instruments can operate at night when the targeted surfaces are less obstructed by people although such imagery will be seen in black and white only. Night time operation can produce greater accuracy.<br /> <br /> = The future =<br /> <br /> It is possible in the future that LIDAR technology will be used in conjunction with 3D printers to manufacture and replace building components, resulting in savings in the storage of spares for maintenance.<br /> <br /> During construction, progress photographs may become a thing of the past. LIDAR will give instant and accurate 3D visual comparisons between anticipated planned progress and actual progress. This in turn might be linked to interim payments for contractors.<br /> <br /> LIDAR may become the most effective and most accurate way to record as-built information.<br /> <br /> All the large UK survey companies and many of the major UK contractors have trained their staff to use this technology and over 7,000 people are members of the [http://www.laserscanningforum.com/ Laser Scanning Forum], established in 2007 to help promote terrestrial laser scanning.<br /> <br /> = Related articles on Designing Buildings =<br /> <br /> * 3D city model.<br /> * 3D printer.<br /> * BIM for heritage asset management.<br /> * Building information modelling.<br /> * Building survey.<br /> * Construction cameras.<br /> * Construction drones.<br /> * Desk study.<br /> * Development appraisal.<br /> * Drones as a Service DaaS.<br /> * Geophysical survey.<br /> * Global positioning systems and global navigation satellite systems.<br /> * Ground control point GCP.<br /> * How can drones transform construction processes?<br /> * How to layout a building.<br /> * Impulse radar.<br /> * Innovation and investigation at the Hill House.<br /> * Interview with David Southam about laser scanning in construction.<br /> * Laser.<br /> * Pre-construction information.<br /> * Radar.<br /> * Site information.<br /> * Site surveys.<br /> * Surveying instruments.<br /> * Surveyor.<br /> * Technical due diligence.<br /> * Uses of drones in construction.<br /> * Vendor survey.<br /> <br /> = External references =<br /> <br /> * Mark Combes – Construction Manager Nov/Dec 2014 edition<br /> * [http://www.laserscanningforum.com/ Laser Scanning Forum].<br /> <br /> [[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Products_/_components]] [[Category:Roles_/_services]] [[Category:BIM]]</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/3D_city_model 2022-02-16T16:29:11Z

<p>Michal Konicek: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:3D_Model_of_London_and_3D_City_Models_by_AccuCities.jpg|link=File:3D_Model_of_London_and_3D_City_Models_by_AccuCities.jpg]]<br /> <br /> = Introduction =<br /> <br /> 3D city models are more than the simple evolution of paper maps. Accurately mapping a 3rd dimension provides a cornerstone dataset for a number of industries, and 3D city models already play a role in planning and architecture. This role will continue to evolve, as planning for future urban transport systems, smart cities and even AI-driven energy-saving systems will all rely on accurate 3D city models.<br /> <br /> = Extruded footprint polygons =<br /> <br /> Extruding buildings footprint polygons is one way of adding a third dimension to 2D mapping data. In essence, the technique is taking an estimate of a building’s height and extending the footprint vertically to that height.<br /> <br /> [[File:Extruded-polygons-five-comparisons-01.jpg|link=File:Extruded-polygons-five-comparisons-01.jpg]]<br /> <br /> = Digital surface models =<br /> <br /> Digital surface models (DSM) can be created by pixel-matching of aerial photography or by creating a mesh from an airborne LIDAR. Taking raw LIDAR data and turning it into a 3D model with no additional information, such as a building’s polygons, is an essentially automated process. Users can download the source data in the raw LAS format to create DSMs).<br /> <br /> [[File:Lidar-five-comparisons-01.jpg|link=File:Lidar-five-comparisons-01.jpg]]<br /> <br /> = Source imagery survey data =<br /> <br /> Both drone-based and satellite-imagery photogrammetry technology have potential. Drones can produce 3D models which can then be combined to create wide-area 3D city models.<br /> <br /> Civilian satellites currently offer limited use in major world cities, but with better resolution available, it should be possible to substitute aerial surveys for satellite surveys in the foreseeable future.<br /> <br /> = Manual aerial photogrammetry =<br /> <br /> Manual stereo photogrammetry is generally accurate and detailed. The 3D models produced are usable and, once the project is set-up, various levels of detail can be captured. There are several way to collect source data, but the downside is that it’s a manual process and can be expensive in terms of time and resources.<br /> <br /> [https://www.accucities.com/3d-models-london/ 3D London] model by [https://www.accucities.com/ AccuCities] is one example of a large 3D city model captured using stereo photogrammetry from fixed-wing aircraft. These 3D models can be captured and delivered as AutoCad, Sketchup or FBX files and can be directly imported into 3D editing software.<br /> <br /> [[File:Photogrammetry_city_models_comparisons_01.jpg|link=File:Photogrammetry_city_models_comparisons_01.jpg]]<br /> <br /> = Textured aerial photogrammetry =<br /> <br /> The Textured photogrammetry model is made out of textures applied to clean geometry. It’s an accurate city model with high visual fidelity. Good example is the [https://www.accucities.com/textured-3d-model-of-london-2021/ Textured 3D London] model by AccuCities.<br /> <br /> Because the textures are applied onto a separated high detail photogrammetry model, users can turn textures on and off on buildings, terrain, or on any other features. Pixel stretchings and imperfections, occurring mostly in urban canyons, can be rectified on focus buildings by upgrading a UV map from custom photographs.<br /> <br /> [[File:Textured_photogrammetry_city_models_comparisons_01.jpg|link=File:Textured_photogrammetry_city_models_comparisons_01.jpg]]<br /> <br /> = Non-GIS Game-ready model =<br /> <br /> An inexpensive game-ready model might offer a good alternative to accurate, GIS-based city models. The datasets are not made for architecture or urban planning but can be highly affordable with a surprising level of detail on landmark buildings.<br /> <br /> If you opt to use a non-gis game model, be weary of different 3D city models used in games. 3D city models for videogames were historically only rarely used in architecture; mainly because until very recently they were only vaguely based on actual cities. Recent game-ready models do offer an attractive and affordable option for many applications that require recognisability rather than high accuracy<br /> <br /> [[File:Non-gis_city_models_comparisons_01.jpg|link=File:Non-gis_city_models_comparisons_01.jpg]]<br /> <br /> = 3D city models by Google =<br /> <br /> Structure-from-motion (SfM) pipeline for visual 3D modelling of a large city area uses a 360° field of view Google Street View images. The core of the pipeline combines techniques such as SURF feature detection, tentative matching by an approximate nearest neighbour search, relative camera motion estimation by solving five-point minimal camera pose problem and sparse bundle adjustment.<br /> <br /> = 3D printed city models =<br /> <br /> 3D printed city models are usually produced by local authorities, architects, urban planners and other customers who require a physical representation of an area of a city. Often used as a three-dimensional map and valuable especially to assess the impact of tall buildings on the overall city environment.<br /> <br /> The model can be 3D printed on a small-volume 3D printer. On this example, AccuCities and [https://hobs3d.com/ Hobs3D] have 3D printed a large-scale 3D printed model of London in interchangeable 10×10 cm tiles (each tile covers 500 x 500 meters of the real-world environments). Any particular area can be easily and affordably manipulated and replaced.<br /> <br /> [[File:3D printed London by AccuCities Hobs 3D 3dprintedcities-com.jpg]]<br /> <br /> = Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =<br /> <br /> * 3D v 2D.<br /> * Archidict.<br /> * Construction drones.<br /> * LIDAR.<br /> * Pixel.<br /> * Using satellite imagery to monitor movements in megaprojects.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]] [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]] [[Category:DCN_Software]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Design]] [[Category:Products_/_components]] [[Category:Roles_/_services]] [[Category:BIM]]</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:3D_printed_London_by_AccuCities_Hobs_3D_3dprintedcities-com.jpg 2022-02-16T16:22:15Z

<p>Michal Konicek: Large-scale 3D printed model of London. 3D printed from AccuCities city model data by Hobs3D.</p> <hr /> <div>Large-scale 3D printed model of London. 3D printed from AccuCities city model data by Hobs3D.</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/3D_city_model 2022-02-16T16:20:12Z

<p>Michal Konicek: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:3D_Model_of_London_and_3D_City_Models_by_AccuCities.jpg|link=File:3D_Model_of_London_and_3D_City_Models_by_AccuCities.jpg]]<br /> <br /> = Introduction =<br /> <br /> 3D city models are more than the simple evolution of paper maps. Accurately mapping a 3rd dimension provides a cornerstone dataset for a number of industries, and 3D city models already play a role in planning and architecture. This role will continue to evolve, as planning for future urban transport systems, smart cities and even AI-driven energy-saving systems will all rely on accurate 3D city models.<br /> <br /> = Extruded footprint polygons =<br /> <br /> Extruding buildings footprint polygons is one way of adding a third dimension to 2D mapping data. In essence, the technique is taking an estimate of a building’s height and extending the footprint vertically to that height.<br /> <br /> [[File:Extruded-polygons-five-comparisons-01.jpg|link=File:Extruded-polygons-five-comparisons-01.jpg]]<br /> <br /> = Digital surface models =<br /> <br /> Digital surface models (DSM) can be created by pixel-matching of aerial photography or by creating a mesh from an airborne LIDAR. Taking raw LIDAR data and turning it into a 3D model with no additional information, such as a building’s polygons, is an essentially automated process. Users can download the source data in the raw LAS format to create DSMs).<br /> <br /> [[File:Lidar-five-comparisons-01.jpg|link=File:Lidar-five-comparisons-01.jpg]]<br /> <br /> = Source imagery survey data =<br /> <br /> Both drone-based and satellite-imagery photogrammetry technology have potential. Drones can produce 3D models which can then be combined to create wide-area 3D city models.<br /> <br /> Civilian satellites currently offer limited use in major world cities, but with better resolution available, it should be possible to substitute aerial surveys for satellite surveys in the foreseeable future.<br /> <br /> = Manual aerial photogrammetry =<br /> <br /> Manual stereo photogrammetry is generally accurate and detailed. The 3D models produced are usable and, once the project is set-up, various levels of detail can be captured. There are several way to collect source data, but the downside is that it’s a manual process and can be expensive in terms of time and resources.<br /> <br /> [https://www.accucities.com/3d-models-london/ 3D London] model by [https://www.accucities.com/ AccuCities] is one example of a large 3D city model captured using stereo photogrammetry from fixed-wing aircraft. These 3D models can be captured and delivered as AutoCad, Sketchup or FBX files and can be directly imported into 3D editing software.<br /> <br /> [[File:Photogrammetry_city_models_comparisons_01.jpg|link=File:Photogrammetry_city_models_comparisons_01.jpg]]<br /> <br /> = Textured aerial photogrammetry =<br /> <br /> The Textured photogrammetry model is made out of textures applied to clean geometry. It’s an accurate city model with high visual fidelity. Good example is the [https://www.accucities.com/textured-3d-model-of-london-2021/ Textured 3D London] model by AccuCities.<br /> <br /> Because the textures are applied onto a separated high detail photogrammetry model, users can turn textures on and off on buildings, terrain, or on any other features. Pixel stretchings and imperfections, occurring mostly in urban canyons, can be rectified on focus buildings by upgrading a UV map from custom photographs.<br /> <br /> [[File:Textured_photogrammetry_city_models_comparisons_01.jpg|link=File:Textured_photogrammetry_city_models_comparisons_01.jpg]]<br /> <br /> = Non-GIS Game-ready model =<br /> <br /> An inexpensive game-ready model might offer a good alternative to accurate, GIS-based city models. The datasets are not made for architecture or urban planning but can be highly affordable with a surprising level of detail on landmark buildings.<br /> <br /> If you opt to use a non-gis game model, be weary of different 3D city models used in games. 3D city models for videogames were historically only rarely used in architecture; mainly because until very recently they were only vaguely based on actual cities. Recent game-ready models do offer an attractive and affordable option for many applications that require recognisability rather than high accuracy<br /> <br /> [[File:Non-gis_city_models_comparisons_01.jpg|link=File:Non-gis_city_models_comparisons_01.jpg]]<br /> <br /> = 3D city models by Google =<br /> <br /> Structure-from-motion (SfM) pipeline for visual 3D modelling of a large city area uses a 360° field of view Google Street View images. The core of the pipeline combines techniques such as SURF feature detection, tentative matching by an approximate nearest neighbour search, relative camera motion estimation by solving five-point minimal camera pose problem and sparse bundle adjustment.<br /> <br /> = 3D printed city models =<br /> <br /> 3D printed city models are usually produced by local authorities, architects, urban planners and other customers who require an affordable physical city model. The model can be 3D printed on a small-volume 3D printers. On this example, AccuCities and Hobs have 3D printed a large-scale 3D printed model of London in interchangeable 10×10 cm tiles (each tile covers 500 x 500 meters of the real-world environments). Any particular area can be easily and affordably manipulated and replaced.<br /> <br /> = Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =<br /> <br /> * 3D v 2D.<br /> * Archidict.<br /> * Construction drones.<br /> * LIDAR.<br /> * Pixel.<br /> * Using satellite imagery to monitor movements in megaprojects.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]] [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]] [[Category:DCN_Software]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Design]] [[Category:Products_/_components]] [[Category:Roles_/_services]] [[Category:BIM]]</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Future_Skyline_London 2022-02-16T15:54:44Z

<p>Michal Konicek: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:Architects_of_Future_Skyline_City_of_London_AccuCities.jpg|link=File:Architects_of_Future_Skyline_City_of_London_AccuCities.jpg]]<br /> <br /> === Recently completed landmark developments ===<br /> <br /> * The Scalpel by [https://www.kpf.com/ Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates], developed by WRBC Development UK Limited<br /> * 22 Bishopsgate by [https://www.plparchitecture.com/ PLP Architects], developed by AXA Real Estate<br /> * One Leadenhall by [https://www.makearchitects.com/ Make Architects], developed by Brookfield Properties<br /> <br /> === Consented landmark developments of the future ===<br /> <br /> * 8 Bishopsgate by [https://www.wilkinsoneyre.com/ Wilkinson Eyre], developed by Stanhope, 2022<br /> * One Undershaft by [https://www.ericparryarchitects.co.uk/ Eric Parry Architects], developed by Aroland Holdings, 2026<br /> * 55 Gracechurch Street by [https://www.fletcherpriest.com/projects Fletcher Priest Architects], developed by Tenacity, 2026<br /> * 100 Leadenhall by [https://www.som.com/ Skidmore, Owings &amp;amp; Merrill], developed by Lai Sun Developments, 2027<br /> * 70 Gracechurch Street by [https://www.kpf.com/ Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates], developed by Tenacity, TBD<br /> * Gotham City by [https://www.makearchitects.com/ MAKE Architects], developed by Nuveen, TBD<br /> * 50 Fenchurch by [https://www.ericparryarchitects.co.uk/ Eric Parry Architects], developed by Capital Real Estate Partners, TBD<br /> <br /> === Canceled ===<br /> <br /> The Tulip by [https://www.fosterandpartners.com/ Fosters + Partners], blocked by London’s mayor in 2019, appealed in 2020, mayor's decision upheld in 2021<br /> <br /> -----<br /> [https://www.accucities.com/3d-models-london/ 3D London model] and Future Skyline models by [https://www.accucities.com/ AccuCities].<br /> <br /> [[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]] [[Category:Education]] [[Category:History]] [[Category:Property_development]]</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Future_Skyline_London 2022-02-16T15:51:54Z

<p>Michal Konicek: Created page with &quot;File:Architects of Future Skyline City of London AccuCities.jpg === Recently completed landmark developments === * The Scalpel by [https://www.kpf.com/ Kohn Pedersen Fox As...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>[[File:Architects of Future Skyline City of London AccuCities.jpg]]<br /> <br /> === Recently completed landmark developments ===<br /> <br /> * The Scalpel by [https://www.kpf.com/ Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates], developed by WRBC Development UK Limited<br /> * 22 Bishopsgate by [https://www.plparchitecture.com/ PLP Architects], developed by AXA Real Estate<br /> * One Leadenhall by [https://www.makearchitects.com/ Make Architects], developed by Brookfield Properties<br /> <br /> === Consented landmark developments of the future ===<br /> <br /> * 8 Bishopsgate by [https://www.wilkinsoneyre.com/ Wilkinson Eyre], developed by Stanhope, 2022<br /> * One Undershaft by [https://www.ericparryarchitects.co.uk/ Eric Parry Architects], developed by Aroland Holdings, 2026<br /> * 55 Gracechurch Street by [https://www.fletcherpriest.com/projects Fletcher Priest Architects], developed by Tenacity, 2026<br /> * 100 Leadenhall by [https://www.som.com/ Skidmore, Owings &amp;amp; Merrill], developed by Lai Sun Developments, 2027<br /> * 70 Gracechurch Street by [https://www.kpf.com/ Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates], developed by Tenacity, TBD<br /> * Gotham City by [https://www.makearchitects.com/ MAKE Architects], developed by Nuveen, TBD<br /> * 50 Fenchurch by [https://www.ericparryarchitects.co.uk/ Eric Parry Architects], developed by Capital Real Estate Partners, TBD<br /> <br /> === Canceled ===<br /> <br /> The Tulip by [https://www.fosterandpartners.com/ Fosters + Partners], blocked by London’s mayor in 2019, appealed in 2020, mayor's decision upheld in 2021<br /> <br /> [[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]] [[Category:Education]] [[Category:History]] [[Category:Property_development]]</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:Architects_of_Future_Skyline_City_of_London_AccuCities.jpg 2022-02-16T15:44:25Z

<p>Michal Konicek: Architects building the Future Skyline City of London. Render by AccuCities.</p> <hr /> <div>Architects building the Future Skyline City of London. Render by AccuCities.</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/3D_city_model 2022-02-16T15:40:01Z

<p>Michal Konicek: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:3D_Model_of_London_and_3D_City_Models_by_AccuCities.jpg|link=File:3D_Model_of_London_and_3D_City_Models_by_AccuCities.jpg]]<br /> <br /> = Introduction =<br /> <br /> 3D city models are more than the simple evolution of paper maps. Accurately mapping a 3rd dimension provides a cornerstone dataset for a number of industries, and 3D city models already play a role in planning and architecture. This role will continue to evolve, as planning for future urban transport systems, smart cities and even AI-driven energy-saving systems will all rely on accurate 3D city models.<br /> <br /> = Extruded footprint polygons =<br /> <br /> Extruding buildings footprint polygons is one way of adding a third dimension to 2D mapping data. In essence, the technique is taking an estimate of a building’s height and extending the footprint vertically to that height.<br /> <br /> [[File:Extruded-polygons-five-comparisons-01.jpg]]<br /> <br /> = Digital surface models =<br /> <br /> Digital surface models (DSM) can be created by pixel-matching of aerial photography or by creating a mesh from an airborne LIDAR. Taking raw LIDAR data and turning it into a 3D model with no additional information, such as a building’s polygons, is an essentially automated process. Users can download the source data in the raw LAS format to create DSMs).<br /> <br /> [[File:Lidar-five-comparisons-01.jpg]]<br /> <br /> = Source imagery survey data =<br /> <br /> Both drone-based and satellite-imagery photogrammetries have potential. Drones can produce 3D models which can then be combined to create wide-area 3D city models.<br /> <br /> Civilian satellites currently offer limited use in major world cities, but with better resolution available, it should be possible to substitute aerial surveys for satellite surveys in the foreseeable future.<br /> <br /> = Manual aerial photogrammetry =<br /> <br /> 3D London model by AccuCities is one example of a large 3D city model captured using stereo photogrammetry from fixed-wing aircraft. These 3D models can be captured and delivered as AutoCad, Sketchup or FBX files and can be directly imported into 3D editing software.<br /> <br /> [[File:Photogrammetry city models comparisons 01.jpg]]<br /> <br /> = Textured aerial photogrammetry =<br /> <br /> Textured 3D London model by AccuCities. The Textured photogrammetry model is made out of textures applied to clean geometry. It’s an accurate city model with high visual fidelity.<br /> <br /> Because the textures are applied onto a separated high detail photogrammetry model, users can turn textures on and off on buildings, terrain, or on any other features. Pixel stretchings and imperfections, occurring mostly in urban canyons, can be rectified on focus buildings by upgrading a UV map from custom photographs.<br /> <br /> [[File:Textured photogrammetry city models comparisons 01.jpg]]<br /> <br /> = Non-GIS Game-ready model =<br /> <br /> An inexpensive game-ready model might offer a good alternative to accurate, GIS-based city models. The datasets are not made for architecture or urban planning but can be highly affordable with a surprising level of detail on landmark buildings.<br /> <br /> If you opt to use a non-gis game model, be weary of different 3D city models used in games. 3D city models for videogames were historically only rarely used in architecture; mainly because until very recently they were only vaguely based on actual cities. Recent game-ready models do offer an attractive and affordable option for many applications that require recognisability rather than high accuracy<br /> <br /> [[File:Non-gis city models comparisons 01.jpg]]<br /> <br /> = 3D city models by Google =<br /> <br /> Structure-from-motion (SfM) pipeline for visual 3D modelling of a large city area uses a 360° field of view Google Street View images. The core of the pipeline combines techniques such as SURF feature detection, tentative matching by an approximate nearest neighbour search, relative camera motion estimation by solving five-point minimal camera pose problem and sparse bundle adjustment.Photogrammetry Models<br /> <br /> Manual stereo photogrammetry is generally accurate and detailed. The 3D models produced are usable and, once the project is set-up, various levels of detail can be captured. There are several way to collect source data, but the downside is that it’s a manual process and can be expensive in terms of time and resources.<br /> <br /> = Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =<br /> <br /> * 3D v 2D.<br /> * Archidict.<br /> * Construction drones.<br /> * LIDAR.<br /> * Pixel.<br /> * Using satellite imagery to monitor movements in megaprojects.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]] [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]] [[Category:DCN_Software]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Design]] [[Category:Products_/_components]] [[Category:Roles_/_services]] [[Category:BIM]]</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:Textured_photogrammetry_city_models_comparisons_01.jpg 2022-02-16T15:30:40Z

<p>Michal Konicek: 3D city model of London - Semi-automated Textured Photogrammetry model. Render of a uv mapped, textured and accurate 3D city model example. Example based on a Textured 3D model of London © 2021 AccuCities®. Comparison render from the Overview of 3D Cit</p> <hr /> <div>3D city model of London - Semi-automated Textured Photogrammetry model. Render of a uv mapped, textured and accurate 3D city model example. Example based on a Textured 3D model of London 2021 AccuCities. Comparison render from the Overview of 3D City Models for Architects - RIBA CPD Presentation by AccuCities.</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:Photogrammetry_city_models_comparisons_01.jpg 2022-02-16T15:29:20Z

<p>Michal Konicek: 3D city model of London - Manual Stereo Photogrammetry model. Render of accurate 3D city model example. Example based on a 3D model of London © 2021 AccuCities®. Comparison render from the Overview of 3D City Models for Architects - RIBA CPD Presentati</p> <hr /> <div>3D city model of London - Manual Stereo Photogrammetry model. Render of accurate 3D city model example. Example based on a 3D model of London 2021 AccuCities. Comparison render from the Overview of 3D City Models for Architects - RIBA CPD Presentation by AccuCities.</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:Non-gis_city_models_comparisons_01.jpg 2022-02-16T15:27:00Z

<p>Michal Konicek: 3D city model of London - game-ready model. Render of non-GIS 3D city model example. Example based on 3D model sourced from TurboSquid. Comparison render from the Overview of 3D City Models for Architects - RIBA CPD Presentation by AccuCities.</p> <hr /> <div>3D city model of London - game-ready model. Render of non-GIS 3D city model example. Example based on 3D model sourced from TurboSquid. Comparison render from the Overview of 3D City Models for Architects - RIBA CPD Presentation by AccuCities.</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:Lidar-five-comparisons-01.jpg 2022-02-16T15:23:40Z

<p>Michal Konicek: 3D city model of London - Lidar Render of Lidar 3D city model example. Example based on 3D model © Environmental Agency UK. Comparison render from the Overview of 3D City Models for Architects - RIBA CPD Presentation by AccuCities.</p> <hr /> <div>3D city model of London - Lidar Render of Lidar 3D city model example. Example based on 3D model Environmental Agency UK. Comparison render from the Overview of 3D City Models for Architects - RIBA CPD Presentation by AccuCities.</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:Extruded-polygons-five-comparisons-01.jpg 2022-02-16T15:16:56Z

<p>Michal Konicek: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/3D_city_model 2021-08-05T19:03:49Z

<p>Michal Konicek: </p> <hr /> <div>3D city models are so much more than the simple evolution of paper maps. Accurately mapping a 3rd dimension provides a cornerstone dataset for a huge number of industries, and 3D city models already play a game-changing role in planning and architecture. This role will continue to evolve as planning for future urban [[Inclusive_cities_and_transport_investment|transport systems]], [[Designing_smart_cities|smart cities]] and even AI-driven energy-saving systems will all rely on accurate 3D city models.<br /> <br /> == Extruded Footprint Polygons ==<br /> <br /> Extruding buildings footprint polygons is usually the fastest, most cost effective way of adding a 3rd dimension to 2D mapping data. In essence the technique is taking an estimate of a building’s height and extending the footprint vertically to that height. OpenStreetMap is a good example of this technique.<br /> <br /> OSM Buildings building data works with web maps, GIS applications, analysis tools and 3d visualisation and non-commercial map applications may use our data tiles free of charge. Visit [https://osmbuildings.org/ OSM Buildings] to download required 3D data.<br /> <br /> == Digital Surface Models ==<br /> <br /> Digital Surface Models can be created by pixel-matching of aerial photography or by creating a mesh from an airborne Lidar. Taking raw Lidar data and turning it into a 3D model with no additional information, such as a building’s polygons, is an essentially automated process. Users can download the source data in the raw LAS format to create Digital Surface Model (DSM). The process is very simple, follow this [https://research.umn.edu/units/uspatial/news/3d-printing-models-derived-lidar-data Step-by-step Guide] if you are unsure how to Process Lidar Data, Create a DSM and/or Export the DSM into a .STL format.<br /> <br /> In the United Kingdom download UK Lidar data with 1-2 meters spacing for free from the [https://data.gov.uk/publisher/environment-agency Environmental Agency]. For data covering US &amp;amp; other countries visit this [https://www.geospatialworld.net/blogs/did-you-know-the-sources-for-free-lidar-data/ Geospatial World Article].<br /> <br /> == 3D City Models by Google ==<br /> <br /> [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224135244_From_Google_Street_View_to_3D_City_models Structure-from-motion] (SfM) pipeline for visual 3D modelling of a large city area using 360° field of view Google Street View images. The core of the pipeline combines the state of the art techniques such as SURF feature detection, tentative matching by an approximate nearest neighbour search, relative camera motion estimation by solving 5-pt minimal camera pose problem, and sparse bundle adjustment.<br /> <br /> == Photogrammetry Models ==<br /> <br /> Manual stereo photogrammetry is consistently accurate and detailed. The 3D models produced are highly usable and, once the project is set-up, various levels of detail can be captured for very little extra cost. There are lots of ways to collect source data but the downside is that it’s a manual process and can be expensive in terms of time and resources.<br /> <br /> === Source Imagery Survey Data ===<br /> <br /> Both drone-based and satellite-imagery photogrammetries have huge potential. Drones can produce visually stunning 3D models which can then be combined to create wide-area [https://www.accucities.com/products/ 3D city models].<br /> <br /> Civilian satellites currently offer very limited use in major world cities but with better and better resolution available, it should be possible to substitute aerial surveys for satellite surveys in the foreseeable future.<br /> <br /> === Manual Aerial Photogrammetry ===<br /> <br /> [https://www.accucities.com/3d-models-london/ 3D London model] by [[AccuCities|AccuCities]] is a good example of a large 3D city model captured using stereo photogrammetry from fixed-wing aircraft. These 3D models can be rapidly captured and delivered as AutoCad, Sketchup or FBX files can be directly imported into almost any 3D editing software and have very high, up to 15cm accuracy.<br /> <br /> [[File:3D Model of London and 3D City Models by AccuCities.jpg]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]] [[Category:Definitions]] [[Category:Planning_permission]] [[Category:Design]] [[Category:Property_development]]</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/3D_city_model 2021-08-05T18:33:02Z

<p>Michal Konicek: </p> <hr /> <div>3D city models are so much more than the simple evolution of paper maps. 3D city models already play a game-changing role in planning and architecture.<br /> <br /> = 3D city models =<br /> <br /> == Extruded Footprint Polygons ==<br /> <br /> Extruding buildings footprint polygons is usually the fastest, most cost effective way of adding a 3rd dimension to 2D mapping data. In essence the technique is taking an estimate of a building’s height and extending the footprint vertically to that height. OpenStreetMap is a good example of this technique.<br /> <br /> OSM Buildings building data works with web maps, GIS applications, analysis tools and 3d visualisation and non-commercial map applications may use our data tiles free of charge. Visit [https://osmbuildings.org/ OSM Buildings] to download required 3D data.<br /> <br /> == Digital Surface Models ==<br /> <br /> Digital Surface Models can be created by pixel-matching of aerial photography or by creating a mesh from an airborne Lidar. Taking raw Lidar data and turning it into a 3D model with no additional information, such as a building’s polygons, is an essentially automated process. Users can download the source data in the raw LAS format to create Digital Surface Model (DSM). The process is very simple, follow this [https://research.umn.edu/units/uspatial/news/3d-printing-models-derived-lidar-data Step-by-step Guide] if you are unsure how to Process Lidar Data, Create a DSM and/or Export the DSM into a .STL format.<br /> <br /> In the United Kingdom download UK Lidar data with 1-2 meters spacing for free from the [https://data.gov.uk/publisher/environment-agency Environmental Agency]. For data covering US &amp;amp; other countries visit this [https://www.geospatialworld.net/blogs/did-you-know-the-sources-for-free-lidar-data/ Geospatial World Article].<br /> <br /> == 3D City Models by Google ==<br /> <br /> [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224135244_From_Google_Street_View_to_3D_City_models Structure-from-motion] (SfM) pipeline for visual 3D modelling of a large city area using 360° field of view Google Street View images. The core of the pipeline combines the state of the art techniques such as SURF feature detection, tentative matching by an approximate nearest neighbour search, relative camera motion estimation by solving 5-pt minimal camera pose problem, and sparse bundle adjustment.<br /> <br /> == Photogrammetry Models ==<br /> <br /> Manual stereo photogrammetry is consistently accurate and detailed. The 3D models produced are highly usable and, once the project is set-up, various levels of detail can be captured for very little extra cost. There are lots of ways to collect source data but the downside is that it’s a manual process and can be expensive in terms of time and resources.<br /> <br /> === Sourcing Imagery Survey Data ===<br /> <br /> Both drone-based and satellite-imagery photogrammetries have huge potential. Drones can produce visually stunning 3D models which can then be combined to create wide-area [https://www.accucities.com/products/ 3D city models].<br /> <br /> Civilian satellites currently offer very limited use in major world cities but with better and better resolution available, it should be possible to substitute aerial surveys for satellite surveys in the foreseeable future.<br /> <br /> === Manual Aerial Photogrammetry ===<br /> <br /> [https://www.accucities.com/3d-models-london/ 3D London model] by AccuCities is a good example of a large 3D city model captured using stereo photogrammetry from fixed-wing aircraft. These 3D models can be rapidly captured and delivered as AutoCad, Sketchup or FBX files can be directly imported into almost any 3D editing software and have very high, up to 15cm accuracy.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]] [[Category:Definitions]] [[Category:Planning_permission]] [[Category:Design]] [[Category:Property_development]]</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/3D_city_model 2021-08-05T18:30:50Z

<p>Michal Konicek: Created page with &quot;3D city models are so much more than the simple evolution of paper maps. 3D city models already play a game-changing role in planning and architecture. = 3D city models = == Ex...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>3D city models are so much more than the simple evolution of paper maps. 3D city models already play a game-changing role in planning and architecture.<br /> <br /> = 3D city models =<br /> <br /> == Extruded Footprint Polygons ==<br /> <br /> Extruding buildings footprint polygons is usually the fastest, most cost effective way of adding a 3rd dimension to 2D mapping data. In essence the technique is taking an estimate of a building’s height and extending the footprint vertically to that height. OpenStreetMap is a good example of this technique.<br /> <br /> OSM Buildings building data works with web maps, GIS applications, analysis tools and 3d visualisation and non-commercial map applications may use our data tiles free of charge. Visit [https://osmbuildings.org/ OSM Buildings] to download required 3D data.<br /> <br /> == Digital Surface Models ==<br /> <br /> Digital Surface Models can be created by pixel-matching of aerial photography or by creating a mesh from an airborne Lidar. Taking raw Lidar data and turning it into a 3D model with no additional information, such as a building’s polygons, is an essentially automated process. Users can download the source data in the raw LAS format to create Digital Surface Model (DSM). The process is very simple, follow this [https://research.umn.edu/units/uspatial/news/3d-printing-models-derived-lidar-data Step-by-step Guide] if you are unsure how to Process Lidar Data, Create a DSM and/or Export the DSM into a .STL format.<br /> <br /> In the United Kingdom download UK Lidar data with 1-2 meters spacing for free from the [https://data.gov.uk/publisher/environment-agency Environmental Agency]. For data covering US &amp;amp; other countries visit this [https://www.geospatialworld.net/blogs/did-you-know-the-sources-for-free-lidar-data/ Geospatial World Article].<br /> <br /> == 3D City Models by Google ==<br /> <br /> [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224135244_From_Google_Street_View_to_3D_City_models Structure-from-motion] (SfM) pipeline for visual 3D modelling of a large city area using 360° field of view Google Street View images. The core of the pipeline combines the state of the art techniques such as SURF feature detection, tentative matching by an approximate nearest neighbour search, relative camera motion estimation by solving 5-pt minimal camera pose problem, and sparse bundle adjustment.<br /> <br /> == Photogrammetry Models ==<br /> <br /> Manual stereo photogrammetry is consistently accurate and detailed. The 3D models produced are highly usable and, once the project is set-up, various levels of detail can be captured for very little extra cost. There are lots of ways to collect source data but the downside is that it’s a manual process and can be expensive in terms of time and resources.<br /> <br /> === Sourcing Imagery Survey Data ===<br /> <br /> Both drone-based and satellite-imagery photogrammetries have huge potential. Drones can produce visually stunning 3D models which can then be combined to create wide-area [https://www.accucities.com/products/ 3D city models].<br /> <br /> Civilian satellites currently offer very limited use in major world cities but with better and better resolution available, it should be possible to substitute aerial surveys for satellite surveys in the foreseeable future.<br /> <br /> === Manual Aerial Photogrammetry ===<br /> <br /> [https://www.accucities.com/3d-models-london/ 3D London model] by AccuCities is a good example of a large 3D city model captured using stereo photogrammetry from fixed-wing aircraft. These 3D models can be rapidly captured and delivered as AutoCad, Sketchup or FBX files can be directly imported into almost any 3D editing software and have very high, up to 15cm accuracy.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]]</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/AutoCAD 2021-08-05T18:12:29Z

<p>Michal Konicek: </p> <hr /> <div>To help develop this article, click 'Edit this article' above.<br /> <br /> -----<br /> [http://www.autodesk.co.uk/products/autocad/overview Autodesk's AutoCAD] is one of the main Computer Aided Design (CAD) software tools used for technical drawing in the construction industry. It was first released in 1982 and is used to produce drawings for design, construction, maintenance and operation as well as for future work to the structure.<br /> <br /> The [http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/UK UK] [http://www.thenbs.com/topics/bim/articles/nbsNationalBimSurvey_2013.asp nbs National BIM Survey 2013] suggested that the most popular CAD software amongst respondents was:<br /> <br /> * Autodesk AutoCAD 26%<br /> * Autodesk AutoCAD LT 19% (a lower cost version of AutoCAD, with reduced capabilities).<br /> * Autodesk Revit 18% (used for Building Information Modelling).<br /> * Nemetschek Vectorworks 13%<br /> * Graphisoft ArchiCAD 7%<br /> * Bentley Microstation 5%<br /> * Trimble Sketchup 2%<br /> * Bentley Building Suite 1%<br /> * Nemetschek Allpan 0%<br /> * Other 8%<br /> <br /> AutoCAD drawings are created at 'full size' and can then be scaled to suit different paper sizes or other media. It is mainly used to produce 2D drawings, although there is also a 3D feature.<br /> <br /> AutoCAD works by using a limited number of tools to draw straight lines, circles, arc's, and so on which are saved as a series of points or coordinates. This means that the resulting drawing files are relatively small in size.<br /> <br /> As the drawing progresses other tools can be used to make the drawing more complex and contain more information. This full size drawing is drawn in model space mode which is virtually unlimited (in reality limited by the computer hardware specification), and then scaled down in the paper [space] mode.<br /> <br /> The native file format for AutoCAD is .dwg, but files can also be produced in an interchange file format DXF.<br /> <br /> Autodesk have a adopted an annual release strategy now popular for many software products as it allows a revenue stream for the programmers and ensures development of the software.<br /> <br /> In AutoCAD 2010 it adopted the new visual style developed by Microsoft to allow use by all devices such as touchscreens, mouse, pens and digitizers.<br /> <br /> = Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =<br /> <br /> * Building information modelling.<br /> * Computer aided design.<br /> * Computer aided manufacturing.<br /> * Computers in building design.<br /> * Connected procurement.<br /> * Document control.<br /> * Information and communications technology.<br /> * Interview with Kevin Borg, founder of KJB Building Consultants.<br /> * Government Construction Strategy.<br /> <br /> === External references ===<br /> <br /> * [http://www.autodesk.co.uk/products/autocad/overview Autodesk AutoCAD].<br /> <br /> [[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]] [[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Organisation]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]]</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Wind_comfort_simulations 2020-11-24T19:48:39Z

<p>Michal Konicek: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:Cloud-based_pedestrian_wind_comfort_studies_SimScale_AccuCities.png|link=File:Cloud-based_pedestrian_wind_comfort_studies_SimScale_AccuCities.png]]<br /> <br /> = Introduction =<br /> <br /> The Wind Microclimate Guidelines for Developments in the City of London (published August 2019, [https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/services/environment-and-planning/planning/design/Documents/city-of-london-wind-microclimate-guidelines.pdf PDF]) describe the required studies to assess a planned structure’s impact on the comfort and safety of nearby pedestrians and cyclists. Within the guidelines, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is amongst the recommended approaches for buildings 25 meters or higher and is a requirement for buildings 50 meters or higher. Further, the guidelines encourage developers to address wind impact early in the design process and require that multiple scenarios are studied.<br /> <br /> = Cloud-based wind simulations =<br /> <br /> [[AccuCities|AccuCities]] Three dimensional models of London can be used to help engineers and architects plan new developments in the city. Using a combination of a highly accurate and detailed 3D city model and the power of cloud-based simulations, urban designers, architects and engineers can directly measure wind statistics data as defined in the guidelines, run wind analyses for 36 wind directions and assess pedestrian wind comfort and safety on an annual, seasonal, and worst case scenario. It’s also possible to analyse the transient wind flow patterns around the buildings using streamlines, velocity vectors for 36 wind directions.<br /> <br /> [[File:Cloud-based_wind_simulation_by_SimScale_3D_London_model_by_AccuCities.png|link=File:Cloud-based_wind_simulation_by_SimScale_3D_London_model_by_AccuCities.png]]<br /> <br /> --[[User:Michal_Konicek|Michal Konicek]]<br /> <br /> = Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =<br /> <br /> * Computational fluid dynamics.<br /> * Shear force.<br /> * Structural principles.<br /> * Uplift force.<br /> * Wind load.<br /> <br /> = External references =<br /> <br /> * [https://www.accucities.com/ AccuCities].<br /> * [https://www.simscale.com/blog/2020/04/london-wind-microclimate-guidelines/ SimScale].<br /> * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NEkvg3yrS_U&amp;amp;feature=youtu.be SimScale Wind Comfort Simulation London (video).]<br /> <br /> [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Design]] [[Category:Property_development]]</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Models_in_the_construction_industry 2020-11-24T19:30:10Z

<p>Michal Konicek: </p> <hr /> <div>[[File:BIM-databook.png|link=File:BIM-databook.png]]<br /> <br /> In very general terms, a model is a representation, often three-dimensional, of a structure system or procedure. It can represent something that already exists, or may be a model that it is intended will be adopted or followed.<br /> <br /> A building, such as an architectural model is a type of model (often to scale) built to develop or represent aspects of a design or to communicate design ideas. Historically, such models have been physical representations, made from materials such as paper, cardboard, timber, and so on. These can be used to help explain proposals to clients, planning officers, members of the public and other stakeholders, or they can be used as tools to help designers explore complicated three-dimensional aspects of a design.<br /> <br /> More recently, models have been created digitally using software such as computer aided design (CAD) and building information modelling (BIM). [[Printing_3D_models_of_buildings|3D printing]] of digital models is used for a physical representation of digital design files.<br /> <br /> Model-based design is a process that involves creating digital representations systems to help with design development and decision-making. It allows rapid analysis and comparison of design alternatives, co-ordination of and collaboration between team members, clear communication and visualisation of information, easy alteration, clash avoidance, and so on.<br /> <br /> In the early stages of a project, a digital model might simply include existing information, such as [[AccuCities|3D context model]], site surveys, condition surveys, information about existing utilities, and so on. During the design stages it becomes more detailed, and ultimately, as contractors take over development of the model from designers, it may become a virtual construction model (VCM), containing information allowing all the objects in the model to be manufactured, installed or constructed.<br /> <br /> Parametric modelling (or parametric design) is the creation of a digital model based on a series of pre-programmed rules or algorithms known as 'parameters'. That is, the model, or elements of it are generated automatically by internal logic arguments rather than by being manually manipulated. For example, a rule might be created to ensure that walls must start at floor level and reach the underside of the ceiling. Then if the floor to ceiling height is changed, the walls will automatically adjust to suit.<br /> <br /> Digital models are generally made up of a number of different component models that may be produced by different consultants, contractors or suppliers.<br /> <br /> Designing Buildings Wiki has a range of articles relating to models, including:<br /> <br /> * 3D animation for building insurance risk analysis.<br /> * As-built or as-constructed building information model.<br /> * Asset information model AIM.<br /> * Building Information Modelling.<br /> * Business model.<br /> * Data-centric business model.<br /> * Design intent model.<br /> * Enterprise model for infrastructure.<br /> * Model-based design.<br /> * Parametric modelling.<br /> * PAS 182 Smart city data concept model.<br /> * Project information model PIM.<br /> * Rapid prototyping.<br /> * Simplified Building Energy Model SBEM.<br /> * Virtual construction model.<br /> * Visualisation.<br /> <br /> [[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:BIM]] [[Category:Design]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:Free_1_square_kilometer_CAD_3D_Model_of_London_AccuCities.png 2020-11-24T19:03:00Z

<p>Michal Konicek: Free 1 square kilometer CAD 3D Model of London. Free Sample by AccuCities.</p> <hr /> <div>Free 1 square kilometer CAD 3D Model of London. Free Sample by AccuCities.</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:3D_Model_of_London_and_3D_City_Models_by_AccuCities.jpg 2020-11-24T19:00:29Z

<p>Michal Konicek: 3D Model of London Canary Wharf with Future Skyline layer. 3D City Models by AccuCities.</p> <hr /> <div>3D Model of London Canary Wharf with Future Skyline layer. 3D City Models by AccuCities.</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Printing_3D_models_of_buildings 2020-11-24T18:52:38Z

<p>Michal Konicek: </p> <hr /> <div>= Introduction =<br /> <br /> Professions such as architects, landscape designers and other property experts used to rely on time-consuming, sometimes cumbersome techniques to create small-scale models of buildings. Now there is a more efficient option: the 3D printer. These devices can rapidly create accurate, fully-functional models of any almost any aspect of the built environment.<br /> <br /> To get the best results, these simple steps should be followed.<br /> <br /> = Consider the building qualities =<br /> <br /> Before beginning printing, it is important to think about the characteristics of the structure that will be replicated. In particular consideration should be given to:<br /> <br /> * The required size of the model.<br /> * Important external features.<br /> * Visual details of the interior.<br /> * Important colours and patterns.<br /> * Context model<br /> <br /> It is only by recording as many of the significant details as possible, that the final 3D model will accurately represent the original vision.<br /> <br /> [[File:3D_printed_city_models.jpg|File:3D printed city models.jpg]]<br /> <br /> = Formulate a detailed blueprint =<br /> <br /> It is then necessary to create an accurate drawing so that the printer knows what to create. It is recommended that a computer aided design (CAD) program is used for this purpose as:<br /> <br /> * The dimensions will be more accurate.<br /> * It is possible to make adjustments more easily.<br /> * The image can be viewed from all angles.<br /> <br /> There are printing specialists that can help with this if necessary. Being involved in this stage can make their own job easier in the long run.<br /> <br /> = Find a suitable printing specialist =<br /> <br /> It is then necessary to find a locally-based agency specialising in 3D printing. These experts should have the following qualities and capabilities:<br /> <br /> * A fully-equipped, modern workshop.<br /> * Prototyping, engineering and design capabilities.<br /> * An experienced, professional team.<br /> * A keen eye for detail on all projects.<br /> <br /> It is important to research which 3D printing specialists will be able to take on the project in a rapid, efficient and affordable way, producing an accurate scale model that properly replicates all the characteristics of the property.<br /> <br /> = Choose an appropriate method =<br /> <br /> Lastly, it is necessary to work with the chosen 3D printing specialist to determine exactly how to create the model. While they will certainly use the 3D printers they have in their workshops, they may also suggest the following techniques for certain parts:<br /> <br /> * Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machining.<br /> * Hand crafting.<br /> <br /> It is also important to think about how to finish the model. For example, what colours will be used, will it be necessary to sand or polish the model and so on.<br /> <br /> --[[User:Blueprint4d|Blueprint4d]] 03:21, 16 December 2014 (UTC)<br /> <br /> = Find out more =<br /> <br /> === Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===<br /> <br /> * 3D concrete printer.<br /> * 3D printed bridge.<br /> * 3D printing<br /> * Building information modelling.<br /> * Computer aided design.<br /> * Computer aided manufacturing.<br /> * How can drones transform construction processes?<br /> * Modular buildings.<br /> * Off-site prefabrication of buildings: A guide to connection choices.<br /> * Prefabrication.<br /> * Rapid prototyping.<br /> * WikiHouse.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Roles_/_services]]</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:3D_printed_city_models.jpg 2020-11-24T18:49:33Z

<p>Michal Konicek: </p> <hr /> <div>6 square kilometres of [[AccuCities|AccuCities]] CAD 3D Model of London [[Printing_3D_models_of_buildings|3D Print]].</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:3D_printed_city_models.jpg 2020-11-24T18:46:40Z

<p>Michal Konicek: 6 square kilometres of CAD Model of London 3D Print.</p> <hr /> <div>6 square kilometres of CAD Model of London 3D Print.</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:Case_Study_-_3D_London_for_VR_planning_by_KPF_and_IrisVR.pdf 2020-05-24T22:47:57Z

<p>Michal Konicek: Case Study - AccuCities 3D London city model used for VR planning by KPF and IrisVR.</p> <hr /> <div>Case Study - AccuCities 3D London city model used for VR planning by KPF and IrisVR.</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:Case_Study_-_3D_City_Model_for_Avison_Young%E2%80%99s_digital_Dublin.pdf 2020-05-06T11:17:47Z

<p>Michal Konicek: Case Study - 3D City Model for Avison Young’s digital Dublin. Highly accurate and detailed city model created from aerial imagery.</p> <hr /> <div>Case Study - 3D City Model for Avison Youngs digital Dublin. Highly accurate and detailed city model created from aerial imagery.</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:Case_Study_-_3D_City_models_used_for_Kima_Noise_Art_Installation_at_TATE_Exchange.pdf 2020-05-06T11:16:11Z

<p>Michal Konicek: Case Study - AccuCities 3D City models used for Kima Noise Art Installation at TATE Exchange. Urban noise has been visualised and projected onto Tate Modern London windows.</p> <hr /> <div>Case Study - AccuCities 3D City models used for Kima Noise Art Installation at TATE Exchange. Urban noise has been visualised and projected onto Tate Modern London windows.</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:Case_Study_-_3D_London_in_Colliers_International_Bonhill_Building_animation.pdf 2020-05-06T11:14:11Z

<p>Michal Konicek: Case Study - AccuCities 3D London model in Colliers International Bonhill Building animation. Made in UE4 game engine.</p> <hr /> <div>Case Study - AccuCities 3D London model in Colliers International Bonhill Building animation. Made in UE4 game engine.</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:Case_Study_-_Anstey_Horne%E2%80%99s_innovative_use_of_3D_model_of_London.pdf 2020-05-06T11:12:40Z

<p>Michal Konicek: Case Study - Anstey Horne’s innovative use of 3D model of London in Unreal Engine 4.</p> <hr /> <div>Case Study - Anstey Hornes innovative use of 3D model of London in Unreal Engine 4.</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/User:Michal_Konicek 2020-05-06T06:55:19Z

<p>Michal Konicek: </p> <hr /> <div>Article: [[Cloud-based_Wind_comfort_simulations|Cloud-based Wind comfort simulations]]<br /> <br /> Media:<br /> <br /> [[File:Bishopsgate London 3D model.png]]</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Wind_comfort_simulations 2020-05-06T06:47:48Z

<p>Michal Konicek: </p> <hr /> <div>The Wind Microclimate Guidelines for Developments in the City of London (Published August 2019, [https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/services/environment-and-planning/planning/design/Documents/city-of-london-wind-microclimate-guidelines.pdf PDF]) describe the required studies to assess a planned structure’s impact on the comfort and safety of nearby pedestrians and cyclists. Within the guidelines, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is among the recommended approaches for buildings 25 meters or higher and is a requirement for buildings 50 meters or higher. Further, the guidelines encourage developers to address wind impact early in the design process and require that multiple scenarios are studied.<br /> <br /> Within these new guidelines, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is among one of the recommended approaches for evaluating buildings over a certain height (25m or higher). This standard urges engineers to address wind impact early in the design process, as well as incorporate multiple scenarios to be studied before drawing actionable conclusions.<br /> <br /> == Cloud-based wind simulations ==<br /> <br /> SimScale has used AccuCities 3D model of London to illustrate its capabilities to help engineers and architects planning new developments in London. Using a combination of highly accurate and detailed 3D city model and the power of cloud-based simulations, urban designers, architects and engineers using SimScale can directly use the exact wind statistics data as defined in the guidelines, run wind analyses for 36 wind directions, and assess pedestrian wind comfort and safety according to the London LDDC criteria on an annual, seasonal, and also worst-case scenario. It’s also possible to analyse the transient wind flow patterns around the buildings using streamlines, velocity vectors and much more for each of the 36 wind directions ([https://youtu.be/NEkvg3yrS_U animation]).<br /> <br /> [[File:Cloud-based_pedestrian_wind_comfort_studies_SimScale_AccuCities.png|link=File:Cloud-based_pedestrian_wind_comfort_studies_SimScale_AccuCities.png]]<br /> <br /> [[File:Cloud-based_wind_simulation_by_SimScale_3D_London_model_by_AccuCities.png|link=File:Cloud-based_wind_simulation_by_SimScale_3D_London_model_by_AccuCities.png]]<br /> <br /> Links:<br /> <br /> [https://www.accucities.com/ AccuCities]<br /> <br /> [https://www.simscale.com/blog/2020/04/london-wind-microclimate-guidelines/ SimScale]<br /> <br /> --[[User:Michal Konicek|Michal Konicek]] 07:47, 06 May 2020 (BST)<br /> <br /> [[Category:Design]] [[Category:Property_development]]</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Wind_comfort_simulations 2020-05-06T06:32:05Z

<p>Michal Konicek: Created page with &quot;The Wind Microclimate Guidelines for Developments in the City of London (Published August 2019, [https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/services/environment-and-planning/planning/design...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>The Wind Microclimate Guidelines for Developments in the City of London (Published August 2019, [https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/services/environment-and-planning/planning/design/Documents/city-of-london-wind-microclimate-guidelines.pdf PDF]) describe the required studies to assess a planned structure’s impact on the comfort and safety of nearby pedestrians and cyclists. Within the guidelines, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is among the recommended approaches for buildings 25 meters or higher and is a requirement for buildings 50 meters or higher. Further, the guidelines encourage developers to address wind impact early in the design process and require that multiple scenarios are studied.<br /> <br /> SimScale has used AccuCities 3D model of London to illustrate its capabilities to help engineers and architects planning new developments in London. Using a combination of highly accurate and detailed 3D city model and the power of cloud-based simulations, architects and planners can quickly assess pedestrian wind comfort and safety and comply with the city’s microclimate guidelines.<br /> <br /> Urban designers, architects and engineers using SimScale can now directly use the exact wind statistics data as defined in the guidelines, run wind analyses for 36 wind directions, and assess pedestrian wind comfort and safety according to the London LDDC criteria on an annual, seasonal, and also worst-case scenario. It’s also possible to analyse the transient wind flow patterns around the buildings using streamlines, velocity vectors and much more for each of the 36 wind directions.<br /> <br /> [[File:Cloud-based pedestrian wind comfort studies SimScale AccuCities.png]]<br /> <br /> [[File:Cloud-based wind simulation by SimScale 3D London model by AccuCities.png]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]] [[Category:Design]] [[Category:Property_development]]</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:Cloud-based_wind_simulation_by_SimScale_3D_London_model_by_AccuCities.png 2020-05-06T06:30:24Z

<p>Michal Konicek: London Bridge, The Shard, Southwark Cathedral, Thames Embankment. Cloud-based wind simulation by SimScale. 3D London model by AccuCities.</p> <hr /> <div>London Bridge, The Shard, Southwark Cathedral, Thames Embankment. Cloud-based wind simulation by SimScale. 3D London model by AccuCities.</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:Cloud-based_pedestrian_wind_comfort_studies_SimScale_AccuCities.png 2020-05-06T06:25:37Z

<p>Michal Konicek: Cloud-based pedestrian wind comfort study by SimScale, 3D London by AccuCities</p> <hr /> <div>Cloud-based pedestrian wind comfort study by SimScale, 3D London by AccuCities</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:Bishopsgate_London_3D_model.png 2020-05-06T05:52:12Z

<p>Michal Konicek: uploaded a new version of &amp;quot;File:Bishopsgate London 3D model.png&amp;quot;: Wide area 3D City of London model by AccuCities. Rendered in Unreal Engine 4.</p> <hr /> <div>Wide area 3D City of London model by AccuCities. Rendered in Unreal Engine 4.</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:Bishopsgate_London_3D_model.png 2020-05-06T05:51:55Z

<p>Michal Konicek: Wide area 3D City of London model by AccuCities. Rendered in Unreal Engine 4.</p> <hr /> <div>Wide area 3D City of London model by AccuCities. Rendered in Unreal Engine 4.</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:WebVR_positioning_for_urban_AR_visualisations.pdf 2020-05-06T05:48:22Z

<p>Michal Konicek: uploaded a new version of &amp;quot;File:WebVR positioning for urban AR visualisations.pdf&amp;quot;: Case Study: 3D City model of London used in WebVR positioning for urban Augmented Reality (AR) visualisations.</p> <hr /> <div>Case Study: 3D City model of London used in WebVR positioning for urban AR visualisations.</div>

Michal Konicek https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:WebVR_positioning_for_urban_AR_visualisations.pdf 2020-05-06T05:46:06Z

<p>Michal Konicek: Case Study: 3D City model of London used in WebVR positioning for urban AR visualisations.</p> <hr /> <div>Case Study: 3D City model of London used in WebVR positioning for urban AR visualisations.</div>

Michal Konicek