Designing Buildings - User contributions [en]

BREEAM Knowledge Sharing Ambassadors

2018-10-31T17:45:43Z

Jeanne Davidson:

[[File:BREEAM_KSA_Logo_two_lines.JPG|link=File:BREEAM_KSA_Logo_two_lines.JPG]]

= Active Members =

The following are current active members, click to read member profiles

* [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/User:Jane_Morning Jane Morning]
* [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/User:Dan_Widdon Dan Widdon]
* [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/User:Tom_Abbott Tom Abbott]
* [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/User:Emma_Houston Emma Houston]
* [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/User:Azita_Dezfouli Azita Dezfouli]
* [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/User:Jeanne_Davidson Jeanne Davidson]
* [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/User:Tom_Blois-Brooke Tom Blois-Brooke]
* Pallab Chatterjee
* [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/User:Jeanne_Davidson Jeanne Davidson]

= Aim =

To increase knowledge sharing in construction sustainability by creating a Core Development Group of industry stakeholders who collaborate on and encourage knowledge sharing.

= Who we are =

BREEAM Knowledge Sharing Ambassadors are a group of Sustainable Construction Professionals representing key and diverse stakeholder groups involved with BREEAM and related construction sustainability tools. The group meet, collaborate on, create and promote knowledge sharing of key information needed in the industry to accelerate the uptake of sustainability in the built environment.

= Charter =

Each member commits to the following

* Actively promote the knowledge sharing culture
** Identify gaps in industry knowledge and support filling them
** Share within and beyond the group
** Promote the Wiki as a knowledge sharing platform
* To write one article per year (or make an equivalent contribution)
** Preferably on a topic identified as typically required
* To attend 2-4 online KSA collaboration meetings per year

= Application =

Membership currently is by invitation but we are always looking to broaden the diversity of members. If you would like to apply to be invited then please contact breeam@bre.co.uk FAO Paul Thistlethwaite

[[Category:BREEAM]]

BREEAM and RIBA stages

2018-10-18T08:43:50Z

Jeanne Davidson:

Original authors

* [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/User:Jane_Morning Jane Morning]
* [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/User:Dan_Widdon Dan Widdon]
* [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/User:Tom_Blois-Brooke Tom Blois-Brooke]
* [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/User:Jeanne_Davidson Jeanne Davidson]

= Introduction =

Many BREEAM-related actions are tied to development stages as set out in the RIBA Plan of Work.

The benefits of early-stage actions to support the BREEAM process are well-known in adding value to sustainable development projects.

This Wiki aims to align project development activities to the RIBA Plan of Work and BREEAM using the New Construction 2018 methodology. Most are illustrative of the relevant actions for other versions of BREEAM New Construction, but a licensed BREEAM assessor or BREEAM AP should be consulted for further details.

Credits Requiring Early Attention (RIBA Stages 1-4)

A number of issues need to be addressed at early design stages of the project to ensure that the project sustainability performance can be fully optimised. These credits may involve the appointment of specialist consultants, preparation of reports or consideration of certain aspects of the design at a stage when changes are still feasible to ensure compliance with the BREEAM criteria. Where certain issues are not reviewed at the correct stages then it may become very difficult or impossible to achieve these credits.

== Related resources ==

UKNC 2018 Graphical version: Click image below

[[File:RIBA_stages_GN37.JPG|150px|link=https://bregroup.com/brebreeam/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2018/08/GN37_BREEAM_UK_New_Construction_2018_Scheme_Assessment_Timeline_v1.0.pdf]]

[https://www.breeam.com/discover/resources/technical/ Link to all technical resources on BREEAM.com]

[https://kb.breeam.com/knowledgebase/time-critical-breeam-requirements-reference-to-riba-or-equivalent-work-stages/ KBCN1156 Time critical BREEAM requirements – reference to RIBA work stages]

= Summary =

In summary the following actions should be carried out pre-planning:

* Appointment of BREEAM Advisory Professional (AP) (Man01) – Stage 1
* Design responsibilities and contribution to the design decision making process to be documented (Man01) – Stage 2
* Third party consultation – list of stakeholders to be consulted and documented evidence of feedback and subsequent response/design amendments (or Statement of Community Involvement) (Man01) – Stage 2
* Indoor Air Quality Plan to be commissioned (Hea02) (specific criteria to be covered) – Stage 2
* Security Specialist or CPDA to be consulted and to provide a Security Needs Assessment (Hea06) (specific criteria to be covered) – Stage 2
* Preliminary design workshop focusing on operational energy performance to be held (Ene01) – Stage 2 (n/a to shell only)
* Passive Design Analysis and LZC Feasibility Studies to be produced (Ene04) (specific criteria to be covered) – Stage 2
* Transport Assessment and Travel Plan to be prepared (Tra01) (specific criteria to be covered) – Stage 2
* LCA to be completed either using simplified BREEAM LCA tool or BREEAM compliant software tool. Options appraisals to be carried out (Mat01) – Stage 2
* Pre-demolition audit to be carried out to determine the feasibility of refurbishment, re-use or recycling (specific criteria to be included) (Wst01) – Stage 2
* Functional Adaptation Strategy Study to be completed by the architect (Wst06) – Stage 2
* Acoustician to be appointed to be appointed to advise on performance criteria (Hea05) – Stage 3
* Commissioning manager (project team member / specialist commissioning manager depending on complexity) to be appointed to undertake design reviews and give advice on commissionability – Stage 3/4
* Appointment of Ecologist to carry out survey and evaluation of the ecological value of the site (LE02-05) – Stage 1

A list of actions required up to RIBA Stage 4 can be found below.

= RIBA Stage 1 – Preparation and Brief =

=== Man01 – Project Brief and Design – BREEAM Advisory Professional (AP) ===

BREEAM performance targets to be formally agreed between the client and design team/project team during this stage, with support from the BREEAM AP. This should be documented within the project brief.

Note: this only applies to BREEAM 2011 and 2014 assessments. For 2018, refer to RIBA Stage 2.

For more information, refer to the following pages:

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Sustainability_champion https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Sustainability_champion]

=== Tra 01 – Transport Assessment and Travel Plan – Travel Plan ===

During the feasibility and design stages, a travel plan should be developed based on a site specific travel assessment or statement. A this stage of the project, the transport assessment should be undertaken to determine the existing travel patterns and opinions of the existing building or site users along with an appraisal of the existing of the current travel facilities.

For more information, refer to the following pages:

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Travel_Plan https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Travel_Plan]

=== Tra 02 – Sustainable Transport Measures (applies to BREEAM 2018 only) ===

Where assessment option 6 is being considered, the design team should consult with the Local Authority during this stage on the state of the local cycle network and public accessible pedestrian routes.

For more information, refer to the following pages:

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Sustainable_Transport_Measures https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Sustainable_Transport_Measures]

=== Mat 03: Responsible Sourcing of Construction Products – Enabling Sustainable Procurement ===

A sustainable procurement plan must be in place before Concept Design and be used by the design team to guide specification towards sustainable construction products. This means that the onus is now on the Client or the Architect to have a sustainable procurement plan in place, instead of leaving it to the contractor.

For more information, refer to the following pages:

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Responsible_Sourcing_of_Materials https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Responsible_Sourcing_of_Materials]

=== Mat 06: [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Materials Material] Efficiency ===

At this stage, an assessment of the site to determine the likely project scale and the client’s functional and aesthetic requirements should be undertaken to set material efficiency objectives for the project. The outcome should be a dedicated report that sets out a clear framework to guide material efficiency activities throughout the remaining project stages.

For more information, refer to the following pages:

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Material_efficiency https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Material_efficiency]

=== LE02 to LE05: Ecology Section ===

Following the appointment of the ecologist at Stage 1 to carry out an ecological survey and evaluation of the site to determine the baseline ecological value of the site and , direct and indirect risks to the ecological value and enhancement potential. During the Concept Design, the ecologist must work with the project team to ensure the optimal ecological outcome for the site is achieved.

For more information, refer to the following pages:

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Ecological_value_of_site https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Ecological_value_of_site]

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Protection_of_ecological_features https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Protection_of_ecological_features]

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Minimising_impact_on_existing_site_ecology https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Minimising_impact_on_existing_site_ecology]

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Enhancing_site_ecology https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Enhancing_site_ecology]

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Long_term_impact_on_biodiversity https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Long_term_impact_on_biodiversity]

= RIBA Stage 2 – Concept Design Stage =

=== Man01: Project Brief and Design – Project Delivery Planning ===

Consultations/meetings to take place with client, building occupier, design team and contractor (or project manager) to identify and define roles, responsibilities and contributions to the decision-making process prior to completion of the Concept Design. Evidence to be obtained includes design responsibilities matrix, design programme, meeting minutes showing contribution to the design process from all parties and design programme highlighting RIBA stages.

BSRIA BG6/2018 and the [https://www.ribaplanofwork.com/ RIBA Plan of Work] contain tools that can be used to set out the design responsibilities and deliverables at each RIBA Stage.

=== Man01: Project Brief and Design – Stakeholders Consultation (interested parties) ===

All relevant third parties and stakeholders to be consulted including any building users, FM staff, representative consultation groups from the existing community, potential users of the proposed facilities, existing partnerships and networks with experience working on buildings of the same type, local or national heritage groups.

For more information, refer to the following pages:

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Stakeholder_consultation https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Stakeholder_consultation]

=== Man 01 – [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Project_brief Project Brief] and Design – [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Advisory_Professional BREEAM Advisory Professional] (AP) ===

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM BREEAM] [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Performance performance] targets and other strategic performance targets to be formally agreed between the [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Clients client] and [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Design_team design team]/[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Project_team project team] during this stage, with support from the BREEAM AP. This should be documented within the project brief. This element only applies to BREEAM 2018 assessment. For BREEAM 2011 and 2014 assessments, refer to the RIBA Stage 1 requirements.

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM BREEAM] AP to be appointed early in the [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Design_process design process], to [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Works work] with the [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Project_team project team] to assist them in maximising the [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Project project]’s overall [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Performance performance] against [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM BREEAM] from their [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Appointments appointment] and throughout [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Concept_design Concept Design]. [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM BREEAM] AP is to monitor progress, identify [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Risk risks]/opportunities and provide support and feedback as required to the [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Project_team project team]. This applies to all BREEAM assessments (2011, 2014 and 2018).

For more information, refer to the following pages:

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Sustainability_champion https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Sustainability_champion]

=== Man02: Life Cycle Cost & Service Life Planning – Elemental Life Cycle Cost (LCC) ===

A competent person must carry out an outline, entire [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Asset asset] LCC plan to be completed at Stage 2 together with any design options appraisals in line with PD 15865:2008 and use it to influence the [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Building building] and systems design.

For more information, refer to the following pages:

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Life_cycle_cost_and_service_life_planning https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Life_cycle_cost_and_service_life_planning]

=== Hea02: Indoor Air Quality – Indoor Air Quality Plan (IAQ) ===

An indoor air quality plan must be prepared by the end of the Concept Design. It is important to note that, under BREEAM NC 2018, producing an IAQ plan is now a pre-requisite if any other credits within Hea 02 are to be targeted.

For more information, refer to the following pages:

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Indoor_air_quality_plan https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Indoor_air_quality_plan]

=== Hea 05: Acoustic Performance ===

There are two routes to demonstrating compliance with this credit, one of which requires the appointment of a Suitably Qualified Acoustician (SQA) during this Stage.

For more information, refer to the following pages:

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Acoustic_performance https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Acoustic_performance]

=== Hea 06: Security ===

Security specialist or ALO/CPDA to be consulted at Concept Design Stage to carry out a Security Needs Assessment.

Any ALO/CPDA/DOCO must still demonstrate that they hold the qualifications, experience and memberships required in the BREEAM NC 2018 manual.

For more information, refer to the following pages:

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Safety_and_security https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Safety_and_security]

=== Ene01: Reduction of energy use and carbon emissions – Prediction of operational energy consumption ===

Prior to the end of the Concept Design, the design team is to hold a preliminary design workshop focusing on operational energy performance. Minutes to be provided. Additional energy modelling to be undertaken during the design and construction stages to calculate operational energy consumption.

A risk assessment also needs to be carried out to highlight any significant design, technical, and process risks.

For more information, refer to the following pages:

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Reduction_of_energy_use_and_carbon_emissions https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Reduction_of_energy_use_and_carbon_emissions]

=== Ene04: Low Carbon Design – Passive Design Analysis ===

Passive design analysis to be carried out during the Concept Design Stage to identify the opportunities for passive design solutions that reduce demands on energy consuming building services.

For more information, refer to the following pages:

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Passive_design https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Passive_design]

=== Ene04: Low Carbon Design – Low and Zero Carbon Technologies Feasibility ===

Low and Zero Carbon Feasibility Study to be carried out by an Energy Specialist to establish the most suitable LZC energy sources for the site.

For more information, refer to the following pages:

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_LZC_technologies https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_LZC_technologies]

=== Ene 07: Energy Efficiency Laboratory Systems – Design Specification ===

During preparation of the initial brief, the design team should engage with the client to determine occupant requirements and define the laboratory performance criteria.

For more information, refer to the following pages:

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Energy_efficient_laboratory_systems https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Energy_efficient_laboratory_systems]

=== Tra01: Transport Assessment and Travel Plan ===

A travel plan should be developed during the feasibility and design stage of the project. In addition to the regular BREEAM NC 2014 requirements, the travel plan is now to include the Accessibility Index (AI) of the site, as well as considering any local amenities within 500m.

As a minimum, the travel plan has to consider all of the travel measures listed under ‘Travel Plan Proposals’ within the ‘Methodology’ section of the manual.

For more information, refer to the following pages:

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Travel_Plan https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Travel_Plan]

=== Mat 01: Environmental Impacts from Construction Products – Building Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) ===

Life cycle assessment to be completed Concept Design using either the BREEAM Simplified Building LCA Tool or a BREEAM recognised compliant tool (where not completed at this stage the overall score for this issue is capped at 3 points).

The Mat 01/Mat 02 results submission tool should be submitted to the BRE at the end of the stage.

The above only applies to office, industrial and retail buildings.

For all building types, an LCA options appraisal of 2 to 4 significantly differed superstructure design options must be undertaken using a building LCA tool recognised by BREEAM which should then influence the design.

For more information, refer to the following pages:

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Life_cycle_impacts https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Life_cycle_impacts]

=== Mat 06: [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Materials Material] Efficiency ===

At this stage, workshops should be held with the project team to identify design opportunities to reduce or optimise materials use through design, specification, construction techniques etc. The outcome of this stage should be a set of minutes of the workshops held along with documentation demonstrating how the feedback from the workshop has been incorporated into the design.

For more information, refer to the following pages:

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Material_efficiency https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Material_efficiency]

=== Wst 01: Construction Waste Management ===

Where demolition is to take place, a pre-demolition audit of any existing buildings, structures or hard surfaces must be completed at Concept Design to determine the feasibility for refurbishment, reuse or recycling.

For more information, refer to the following pages:

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Construction_waste_management https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Construction_waste_management]

=== Wst 05: Adaptation to Climate Change ===

Conduct a climate change adaptation strategy appraisal using a systematic risk assessment to identify the impact of expected extreme weather conditions arising from climate change on the building over its projected life cycle; to cover the installation of building services and renewable systems together with structural and fabric resilience. Recommendations and solutions must be established and am update on how these have been implemented provided at Technical Design.

For more information, refer to the following pages:

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Adaptation_to_climate_change https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Adaptation_to_climate_change]

=== Wst06: Functional Adaptability ===

Building specific Functional Adaptation Strategy Study to be carried out at Concept Design Stage. Functional Adaptation Implementation Plan to follow at RIBA Stage 4.

For more information, refer to the following pages:

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Functional_adaptability https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Functional_adaptability]

= RIBA Stage 3 – Developed Design Stage =

Man 01 – [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Project_brief Project Brief] and Design – [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Advisory_Professional BREEAM Advisory Professional] (AP)

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM BREEAM] AP to be appointed early in the [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Design_process design process], to [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Works work] with the [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Project_team project team] to assist them in maximising the [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Project project]’s overall [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Performance performance] against [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM BREEAM] from their [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Appointments appointment] and throughout [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Concept_design Concept Design]. [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM BREEAM] AP is to monitor progress, identify [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Risk risks]/opportunities and provide support and feedback as required to the [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Project_team project team]. This applies to all BREEAM assessments (2011, 2014 and 2018).

For more information, refer to the following pages:

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Sustainability_champion https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Sustainability_champion]

=== Man04: Commissioning – Design and Preparation ===

An appropriate project team member (or specialist commissioning manager where complex building services are to be installed) must be appointed to undertake design reviews and give advice on the suitability for ease of commissioning.

For more information, refer to the following pages:

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Commissioning https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Commissioning]

=== Hea 05: Acoustic Performance ===

Acoustician to advise on performance criteria and setting out testing regimes for sound insulation, indoor ambient noise levels and reverberation times for non-residential areas. Appointment should be during the early design stages for any recommendations to be incorporated within the design. Acoustician to hold a degree/PhD or equivalent qualification in acoustics or sound testing; have a minimum of 3 years relevant experience within the last 5 years and be an individual who holds a recognised acoustic qualification and membership of an appropriate professional body such as the Institute of Acoustics.

For more information, refer to the following pages:

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Acoustic_performance https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Acoustic_performance]

=== Mat 06: [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Materials Material] Efficiency ===

At this stage, the material efficiency measures and strategies identified during the previous stages should be incorporated into the designs as appropriate. A report should be produced that highlights any deviations along with documentation to demonstrate the incorporation of the measures.

For more information, refer to the following pages:

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Material_efficiency https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Material_efficiency]

= [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Riba_stages RIBA Stage] 4 – Technical Design Stage =

=== Man 01: [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Project_brief Project Brief] and Design – [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Stakeholders Stakeholders] [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Consultation Consultation] (interested parties) ===

Following on from the RIBA Stage 2 requirements outline above, all interested parties should give and receive consultant feedback prior to the completion of RIBA Stage 4. This feedback should focus on the stakeholders’ suggestions, comments, recommendations and the consultation outcomes. It should include how the suggestions and outcomes influenced, or resulted in, modifications to the proposed design and building operation or use. It is not expected that all feedback received should be implemented and, where it is not, this should be justified.

For more information, refer to the following pages:

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Stakeholder_consultation https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Stakeholder_consultation]

=== Man 02: [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Life_cycle_costs Life Cycle Cost] & [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Services Service] Life [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Planning Planning] – Component Level LCC options appraisal ===

A competent person must develop a component level LCC options appraisal by the end of RIBA Stage 4 in line with PD 156865:2008.

For more information, refer to the following pages:

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Life_cycle_cost_and_service_life_planning https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Life_cycle_cost_and_service_life_planning]

=== Mat 01: Environmental Impacts from [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Construction_products Construction Products] – [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Building Building] [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Life_cycle_assessment Life Cycle Assessment] (LCA) ===

During RIBA Stage 4, the environmental performance of the building should be demonstrated as follows:

* Carry out a building LCA on the superstructure design using the same methodology as outlined under the RIBA Stage 2 requirements.
* Submit the Mat 01/Mat 02 results submission tool to the BRE at the end of the stage.

The above only applies to office, industrial and retail building.

For all building types, an LCA options appraisal of 2 to 3 significantly differed superstructure design options must be undertaken using a building LCA tool recognised by BREEAM which should then influence the design.

For more information, refer to the following pages:

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Life_cycle_impacts https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Life_cycle_impacts]

=== Mat 06: [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Materials Material] Efficiency ===

At this stage, the material efficiency measures and strategies identified during the previous stages should be incorporated into the designs as appropriate. A report should be produced that highlights any deviations along with documentation to demonstrate the incorporation of the measures.

For more information, refer to the following pages:

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Material_efficiency https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Material_efficiency]

=== Wst 05: Adaptation to [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Climate_change Climate Change] ===

An update of the initial assessment produced during RIBA Stage 2 should be undertaken to demonstrate how the recommendations or solutions proposed have been implemented where practical and cost effective. Omissions should be justified in writing.

For more information, refer to the following pages:

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Adaptation_to_climate_change https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Adaptation_to_climate_change]

=== Wst 06: Functional Adaptability ===

An update of the initial assessment produced during RIBA Stage 2 should be undertaken to demonstrate how the recommendations or solutions proposed have been implemented where practical and cost effective. Omissions should be justified in writing.

For more information, refer to the following pages:

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Functional_adaptability https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/BREEAM_Functional_adaptability]

[[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]] [[Category:BREEAM]] [[Category:Appointments]] [[Category:Client_procedures]] [[Category:Construction_management]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Design]] [[Category:Procurement]] [[Category:Products_/_components]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Roles_/_services]]

Cooling systems for buildings

2018-09-13T14:50:12Z

Jeanne Davidson:

To help develop this article, click ‘Edit this article’ above.

= Introduction =

It can be necessary to provide cooling to buildings during warm weather, or where there are significant thermal gains (such as solar gain, people and equipment). This cooling is sometimes referred to as comfort cooling. Cooling may also be necessary for refrigeration or for some industrial processes.

= Passive cooling =

Passive or 'natural' cooling can be provided by:

=== Natural ventilation ===

Removes warm internal air and replaces it with cooler external air. See Natural ventilation for more information.

=== Thermal mass ===

Can be used to even out variations in internal and external conditions, absorbing heat as temperatures rise and releasing it as they fall. See Thermal mass for more information

=== Evaporative cooling ===

Such as moisture evaporating from the surface of a building, or the inclusion of water features such as ponds. See Evaporative cooling for more information.

=== Other ===

Devices such as shading, reflective surfaces, insulation, green roofs, and so on, which while they do not in themselves provide cooling, do reduce thermal gains.

= Active cooling =

Active cooling can be provided by:

=== Earth-to-air heat exchanger (ground coupling) ===

This draws ventilation supply air through buried ducts or tubes (sometimes referred to as earth tubes). As the temperature of the ground below 3 m is practically constant, it can be use to substantially reduce ambient air temperature fluctuations, with the incoming air being heated in the winter and cooled in the summer.

See Earth-to-air heat exchanger for more information.

=== Open or closed loop water-to-air heat exchanger ===

This exploits the relatively stable temperature of the earth to provide water that can cool in the summer and heat in the winter.

See Ground energy options for more information.

=== Mechanical, or forced ventilation, driven by fans ===

This might be cooled below outside air temperature by the use of refrigerants, or by thermal mass, such as thermal labyrinths, or by night time purging.

See Mechanical ventilation for more information.

=== Chilled water ===

Chilled water is typically provided by chiller units using absorption refrigeration or compression refrigeration. It can then be used to provide cool air, in air handling units (to be ducted around the building), chilled beams, chilled ceilings, and so on. Chiller units use a refrigerant that boils at a low temperature and pressure, removing heat from the chilled water, and then condenses to release that heat, which is rejected to the outside (or recovered).

See Refrigerants for more information.

NB: The use of chilled water to cool the building fabric itself is sometimes described as 'active thermal mass'.

=== Refrigerants ===

Refrigerants can be used to provide cooling directly to spaces in variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems. This is based on the flow of refrigerant between an external condensing unit and multiple internal evaporators (typically fan coil units).

See Variable refrigerant flow for more information.

=== Evaporative cooling ===

This can be provided by simple systems, such as misting fans and by spraying water over the roof of a building, or by more complex packaged units that draw hot, dry air through a continually dampened pad and supply cool, humid air to the building.

Indirect evaporative cooling can be provided by the incorporation of heat exchangers, by the use of cooling towers, or by spraying water over the cooling coils of conventional chiller units. Typically, evaporative cooling is best suited to hot, dry climates.

See Evaporative cooling for more information.

=== Ice ===

Ice can be used as an effective means of thermal storage, storing ‘coolth’ in colder parts of the day to provide cooling during warmer parts of the day.

See Thermal storage for cooling for more information.

Active cooling might be provided as part of a heating, ventilation and air conditioning system (HVAC) which may also include air filtration and humidity control. The cooling process itself can result in dehumidification, as cool air is less able to ‘hold’ moisture than warm air. The term air conditioning is sometimes taken to mean control over air temperature and humidity, rather than just temperature control in the case of comfort cooling.

NB: Direct evaporative cooling results in humidification of air.

NB: Night time purging, and ground coupling are sometimes considered to be passive, rather than active systems.

= Find out more =

=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===

* Absorption refrigeration.
* Air conditioning.
* Air handling unit.
* BREEAM Impact of refrigerants.
* Chiller unit.
* Chilled water.
* Cooling degree days.
* Cooling tower.
* Cooling tower design and construction.
* Corrosion in heating and cooling systems.
* Data centre cooling.
* Evaporative cooling.
* HVAC.
* Night-time purging.
* Passive building design.
* Passive ventilation.
* Refrigerants.
* Thermal labyrinth.
* Thermal storage for cooling.

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