Designing Buildings - User contributions [en]

How to correctly size an ambient loop heat network using diversity factors

2022-02-25T11:51:59Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation: Created page with "As their name suggests, ambient loops operate at significantly lower temperatures than traditional communal high temperature heating systems. This means that a different approach..."

As their name suggests, ambient loops operate at significantly lower temperatures than traditional communal high temperature heating systems. This means that a different approach is required when sizing the ambient loop distribution system. Calculation of such systems follows a procedure where diversity is used to determine the design flowrate for a development. It also determines the sizing of pipework and circulation pumps for an ambient communal network solution such as the Zeroth Energy System. The in-apartment flowrates required for the selected size of the Zeroth Heat Pumps can then be calculated.

[https://www.gdhv.co.uk/zeroth-energy-system-ambient-loop-heat-network The Zeroth Energy System] uses an ambient communal water loop designed at 25°C, and in-apartment water-to-water heat pumps to provide space heating, comfort cooling and hot water. The system has been successfully installed and set to work in numerous projects across the UK. These installations are demonstrating that by reducing the temperature in the energy loop, the Zeroth Energy System can help resolve challenges associated with plant fuel source, plant and riser space, and heat loss into communal spaces. Heat distribution losses are one of the main causes of low system efficiency traditional communal heating systems that use centralised boiler systems suffer from, and issue which can be fundamentally addressed through the application of ambient distribution solutions.

The ‘Design Guide for Diversity Factors for Ambient Temperature Networks using the Zeroth Energy System’ was created by a global provider of technology testing and certification, TÜV SÜD, in association with Wallace Whittle, and offers guidance regarding the correct sizing of ambient networks using diversity factors.

== How can we use diversity factors to determine the design flowrate for a development? ==

Once the correctly sized Zeroth Heat Pumps are selected, the design flow rate of the system can be calculated as:

Mass flowrate (kg/s) = total loop load (kW) ÷ (ΔT x Cp)

The ΔT is the temperature difference between flow and return, which for the Zeroth Energy System stands at 5k. The Cp refers to the Specific Heat Capacity of water (4.18 kJ/(kg*K) at 25°C).

To complete the calculation, the total diversified peak load of the development is required. This will be the sum of all Zeroth Heat Pump duties:

Total Peak Load = (Space heating diversity x Total apartments heating load) +(Hot water diversity x Sum of Zeroth Heat Pump Duties.)

You can read more on how to apply diversity to define peak hot water needs here. The total peak load calculation should include any systems connecting into the ambient loop from any part of the development, such as apartments, communal areas, commercial spaces. If cooling is supplied by the Zeroth Energy System, the total cooling load of a building, including any non-residential space, must be included.

The total loop load needed for the mass flow rate can now be calculated:

Total heat input from central plant (total loop load) = (Space heating diversity x Total energy extracted from loop in heating mode) + (Hot water diversity x Total energy extracted from loop in HWC* reheat mode.)

*hot water cylinder

The loop load is the energy required from the ambient loop by each of the Zeroth Heat Pumps. You can read more on how diversity calculation is applied to HVAC systems and how it can shape the HVAC specification for residential developments [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/zeroth-diversity-guide here].

Sizing pipework and ambient loop circulation pump

Like traditional communal heating system designs, the ambient loop of the Zeroth Energy System uses water as a distribution medium through pressurised plastic or steel pipework. The electrical energy required for pumping is the driving factor when selecting the pipe sizing for an ambient loop. Pipe sizing away from the index run can differ if required. Reference should be made to CIBSE Guide C for guidance on velocity and pressure drop limits.

The ambient loop circulation pump size will be determined by the flowrates on the index run and can be calculated using software or spreadsheets to achieve the minimum required flowrate. Correct calculations will help avoid oversizing of circulation pumps that can lead to lower operational efficiency.

The Zeroth Energy System has been installed and set to work in numerous projects in the UK. You can read more about these projects in GDHV case studies. The ‘Design Guide for Diversity Factors for Ambient Temperature Networks using The Zeroth Energy System’, created by TUV SUD, in association with Wallace Whittle, offers helpful assistance to ensure the correct application of the system in modern residential developments and can be downloaded [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/zeroth-diversity-guide here]. For assistance with diversity calculation or sizing of the system, or to learn more on how the Zeroth Energy Systems can benefit your next project, [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/gdhv-support speak to GDHV's team] of HVAC experts.

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2022-02-25T11:51:16Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation:

Heat pumps are the future of domestic energy

2022-02-25T11:45:14Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation:

= [[File:Hp tour 2.cropped.jpg]] =

= Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation supports EHPA tour educating why =

== Turning the focus onto the fast-growing market at a time when the UK Government has just announced an incentive to replace boilers with heat pumps ==

Southampton, UK – 9th November 2021: Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation, a leading electric heating manufacturer, has highlighted its support for the European heat pump industry by sponsoring the European Heat Pump Association’s (EHPA) heat pump tour from Düsseldorf in Germany to the 26th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26) in Glasgow.

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation hosted one of the legs of the tour at its Innovation Studio in Shoreditch, London on Monday 8th November. During the event, it ran a demonstration of its heat pump solutions on a virtual reality headset and in conjunction with the EHPA, discussed how heat pumps work; the benefits of the technology for new build and building renovations, and its future as part of household energy systems.

This event follows hard on the heels of the UK Government’s recent decision to offer UK households grants worth £5,000 to install heat pumps. The moves form part of the Government’s heat and buildings strategy and wider plans to cut UK climate emissions to net zero by 2050.

[[w/index.php?title=Special:Upload&wpDestFile=Hp_tour_3.cropped.jpg|3011px]]

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation is helping support the transition to more sustainable energy and promoting greener energy use through heat pumps. Today it offers a range of air source and ground source heat pumps ranging from 4-6kW right up to 60kW for air source heat pumps and 130kW for ground source devices.

In the UK, Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation is currently focusing on two products: the Zeroth Energy System, an advanced communal ambient loop solution using in-apartment heat pumps to provide building services to residential apartments, (typically high-rise) and the Edel Hot Water Heat Pump, which comes in two sizes, 200 litres (200L) and 270 litres (270L), and is addressing domestic hot water demand.

Martin Betz, Technical Director, Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation said: “We are focused on developing easy-to-install heat pumps. By making GDHV products quicker and easier to install we make them more accessible. That’s key as there is no house in Europe, which you can’t heat effectively with a heat pump: as long as you get the installation right.”

EHPA Secretary General, Thomas Nowak, said: “We are delighted that Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation has chosen to support GDHV tour to showcase the value of heat pumps. Heat pumps are a key enabler for the decarbonisation of buildings and industrial processes.”

“The technology is reliable and mature and is already deployed in quantities. Solutions are ready for all new and renovated buildings. We are confidently looking forward to a more sustainable future, where the majority of buildings in Europe are run off heat pumps rather than oil and gas.”

== About the European Heat Pump Association ==

The European Heat Pump Association (EHPA) represents the majority of the European heat pump industry. Its members comprise of heat pump and component manufacturers, research institutes, universities, testing labs and energy agencies. Its key goal is to promote awareness and proper deployment of heat pump technology in the European market for residential, commercial and industrial applications. EHPA aims to provide technical and economic input to European, national and local authorities in legislative, regulatory and energy efficiency matters. All activities are aimed at overcoming market barriers and dissemination of information in order to speed up market development of heat pumps for heating, cooling and hot water production. [https://www.ehpa.org/ https://www.ehpa.org/]

== About Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation ==

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation encompasses other industry notable brands including Burco, Creda, Dimplex, NOBO, Redring and Xpelair.

The company is the market leader in electric heating appliances and installed heating, it designs, develops and manufactures professionally installed heating and ventilation systems for residential and commercial buildings. This ranges from smart electric heating systems using the latest control and communications technologies, through to heating networks encompassing heat pumps, Mechanical Ventilation and Heat Recovery systems and a range of heat emitters. [http://www.gdhv.com/ www.gdhv.com]

File:Hp tour 2.cropped.jpg

2022-02-25T11:44:15Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation:

Heat pumps are the future of domestic energy

2022-02-25T11:42:21Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation: Created page with "= Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation supports EHPA tour educating why = == Turning the focus onto the fast-growing market at a time when the UK Government has just announced..."

= Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation supports EHPA tour educating why =

== Turning the focus onto the fast-growing market at a time when the UK Government has just announced an incentive to replace boilers with heat pumps ==

Southampton, UK – 9th November 2021: Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation, a leading electric heating manufacturer, has highlighted its support for the European heat pump industry by sponsoring the European Heat Pump Association’s (EHPA) heat pump tour from Düsseldorf in Germany to the 26th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26) in Glasgow.

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation hosted one of the legs of the tour at its Innovation Studio in Shoreditch, London on Monday 8th November. During the event, it ran a demonstration of its heat pump solutions on a virtual reality headset and in conjunction with the EHPA, discussed how heat pumps work; the benefits of the technology for new build and building renovations, and its future as part of household energy systems.

This event follows hard on the heels of the UK Government’s recent decision to offer UK households grants worth £5,000 to install heat pumps. The moves form part of the Government’s heat and buildings strategy and wider plans to cut UK climate emissions to net zero by 2050.

[[File:hp_tour_3.cropped.jpg|3011px]]

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation is helping support the transition to more sustainable energy and promoting greener energy use through heat pumps. Today it offers a range of air source and ground source heat pumps ranging from 4-6kW right up to 60kW for air source heat pumps and 130kW for ground source devices.

In the UK, Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation is currently focusing on two products: the Zeroth Energy System, an advanced communal ambient loop solution using in-apartment heat pumps to provide building services to residential apartments, (typically high-rise) and the Edel Hot Water Heat Pump, which comes in two sizes, 200 litres (200L) and 270 litres (270L), and is addressing domestic hot water demand.

Martin Betz, Technical Director, Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation said: “We are focused on developing easy-to-install heat pumps. By making our products quicker and easier to install we make them more accessible. That’s key as there is no house in Europe, which you can’t heat effectively with a heat pump: as long as you get the installation right.”

EHPA Secretary General, Thomas Nowak, said: “We are delighted that Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation has chosen to support our tour to showcase the value of heat pumps. Heat pumps are a key enabler for the decarbonisation of buildings and industrial processes.”

“The technology is reliable and mature and is already deployed in quantities. Solutions are ready for all new and renovated buildings. We are confidently looking forward to a more sustainable future, where the majority of buildings in Europe are run off heat pumps rather than oil and gas.”

== About the European Heat Pump Association ==

The European Heat Pump Association (EHPA) represents the majority of the European heat pump industry. Its members comprise of heat pump and component manufacturers, research institutes, universities, testing labs and energy agencies. Its key goal is to promote awareness and proper deployment of heat pump technology in the European market for residential, commercial and industrial applications. EHPA aims to provide technical and economic input to European, national and local authorities in legislative, regulatory and energy efficiency matters. All activities are aimed at overcoming market barriers and dissemination of information in order to speed up market development of heat pumps for heating, cooling and hot water production. [https://www.ehpa.org/ https://www.ehpa.org/]

== About Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation ==

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation encompasses other industry notable brands including Burco, Creda, Dimplex, NOBO, Redring and Xpelair.

The company is the market leader in electric heating appliances and installed heating, it designs, develops and manufactures professionally installed heating and ventilation systems for residential and commercial buildings. This ranges from smart electric heating systems using the latest control and communications technologies, through to heating networks encompassing heat pumps, Mechanical Ventilation and Heat Recovery systems and a range of heat emitters. [http://www.gdhv.com/ www.gdhv.com]

Debunking the misconceptions of electric panel heating

2022-02-25T11:36:00Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation: Created page with "File:Screenshot 2022-02-25 at 11.33.54.png Modern, energy efficient electric panel heaters that offer a high level of control to users, whilst using low carbon energy, are u..."

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Modern, energy efficient electric panel heaters that offer a high level of control to users, whilst using low carbon energy, are unrecognisable from the inefficient, clunky panel heaters of the past. Despite technological advances, the perception of electric heating mostly relates to the old technology that grew in popularity with the advent of cheaper nuclear energy in the late 1950s. Traditionally, panel heaters in homes were accompanied by storage heating to make use of the energy generated ‘off-peak’ and assist with under-utilised night-time energy available on the grid. In addition, electric heating has long been a convenient form of secondary heating, for example with the use of portable fan heaters.

In this post we will explore the following four main misconceptions of panel heaters and why they exist and what the reality is:

* They are powered by “dirty fuel”
* They are expensive to run
* They have a lack of control, negatively affecting user comfort
* Their design is dated and lacks a modern feel

Currently, around 2.1 million homes in the UK use electricity as their primary form of heating and approximately 400,000 of those homes utilise only direct acting panel heaters. The electrification of heating plays an integral part in decarbonising heat in homes, both in the renovation of existing buildings that use fossil fuels, and also in the more than 200,000 new homes built in the UK each year. If we are to reach the UK’s net zero 2050 target, the specification of electrified heating solutions in existing homes and new developments will need to increase rapidly. This electrification will be primarily led by heat pump technologies, however there are scenarios where the specification of panel heaters will be beneficial and necessary, so it is important to dispel myths that surround them.

== Are electric panel heaters powered by “dirty fuel”? ==

Being 100% efficient at the point of use, the carbon factor of panel heating reflects that of the electricity supply grid. Carbon emissions emitted when burning a unit of natural gas or oil cannot change significantly as their basic carbon content is inherent. However, the way we generate electricity has changed dramatically. UK coal and gas fired power stations are being phased out altogether and are being replaced by offshore wind and solar energy generation. Because of this the carbon factor of electricity is falling quickly. This significant decarbonisation of the grid in the past few decades means that the carbon factor of electricity is now lower than that of gas and other fossil fuels.

To demonstrate this, we should look to SAP, the building energy and carbon model that is used to demonstrate compliance with Part L. In this model the carbon factor of each fuel is determined. Given that the carbon factor values have not been updated since 2012 the decarbonisation of electricity has not yet been truly reflected in carbon emission calculations. The updated SAP 10 puts this imbalance right. The carbon factor of oil has not changed and remains at 0.298, while gas has reduced slightly from 0.216 in SAP 2012 to 0.210 in SAP 10.1 marking a decrease of 2.8%. The carbon factor of electricity has reduced by a massive 73.8%, taking it from the highest of the three fuels, at 0.519 in SAP 2012, to the lowest at 0.136 in SAP 10.1. As the decarbonisation of the grid continues, panel heaters will become progressively low carbon options for space heating in new and existing developments in the future, until 2035 - at which point the electrical grid will be zero carbon.

== Is electric heating in modern buildings expensive? ==

Improvements in the thermal efficiency of building fabric means that heat loss in modern developments is relatively low. The energy demand for space heating in well insulated buildings is therefore significantly reduced. Where insulation levels are high, the specification of panel heating in smaller houses and low-rise apartment buildings can result in a better combined capex/opex performance than many other technologies. It is the correct consideration of the building services within the design and use of the building which defines the best solution, not simply the review of performance of one technology against another. Combining direct acting panel heaters with a hot water heat pump to make use of renewables for this larger energy demand, for example, will be an excellent solution for many UK properties new and existing.

=== Hybrid technology - Combining direct panel heating with hot water heat pumps ===

The combination of direct acting panel heaters with hot water heat pumps can be attractive for both new projects and retrofit. The primary energy load in a well-insulated building is hot water and this can be managed by technology such as the [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/heat-pumps/hot-water-heat-pumps Edel Hot Water Heat Pump] with a coefficient of performance of 3.36 (according to EN16147). This can provide significant CO2 and operational cost reductions over traditional and alternative system specifications.

Although the capital cost of hybrid electric technology will be higher than the cost of direct acting electric systems alone, it will also be significantly cheaper than an installation of a full heat pump solution. To find out more about the benefits of hybrid electric technology, read GDHV latest case study.

To further reduce operating costs, complementary technology, such as high heat retention storage heaters, can be utilised in some scenarios. Modern storage heaters are essentially a thermal energy store and are designed to draw cheaper electricity at times when production is high and costs are low, storing it to heat space as the occupants require, typically at peak periods when the cost and carbon factor of that energy is greater. This is ideal for specification in existing homes, in rooms that are more frequently occupied.

== Do modern electric panel heaters suffer from poor user control? ==

The specification of user control for modern panel heaters has changed drastically with the introduction of the EU EcoDesign legislation. To achieve compliance, fixed panel heaters over 250W must have an efficiency rating over 38%, which is achieved through accuracy of controls, and application of energy saving features.These can include electronic room temperature controls, and weekly programmers with large, user-friendly digital screens.

To achieve additional energy savings, many modern panel heater manufacturers incorporate intelligent controls into their products. Features such as open window sensing technology and eco or warm-up technology (also called predictive start) can monitor room temperature and adjust the heater function to avoid waste and save energy. Central or wireless zone control is also often available with higher range heating systems, and all these technologies help to ensure the space is heated only when occupants require it, minimising energy use; and therefore, cost and carbon.

== How do electric panel heaters fit with modern, contemporary design? ==

The design of electric panel heaters has come a long way from the traditional look, comprising two pressed pieces of metal with visible mechanical parts. The modern range designs, colours, and the addition of intuitive control units, give panel heaters a contemporary appearance sought after in modern developments. A variety of materials, often recycled, are used for manufacture. These can include various colours and finishes of metal and glass. Electric panel heater units based on the design of wet radiators are popular in period properties and where a more industrial look needs to be achieved. Modern panel heaters are generally much slimmer than their predecessors, allowing for better utilisation of living spaces. The added benefit of their design over a traditional wet systems is the fact that there is no need for unsightly pipes.

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation (GDHV) has been at the forefront of technology innovation for heating, cooling, and ventilation for over 50 years. Our diverse range of low carbon solutions, designed to create a sustainable future includes heat pump technologies, [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/heating-cooling/direct-acting-electric-panel-heaters direct acting panel heaters] and [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/heating-cooling/high-heat-retention-storage-heating high heat retention storage heaters]. To find out more about our ranges or discuss your project in more details, [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/gdhv-support contact] GDHVHVAC specialists.

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2022-02-25T11:34:11Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation:

What is COP and EER?

2022-02-25T11:26:33Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation: Created page with "== File:Screenshot 2022-02-25 at 11.22.52.png == == What is COP and EER? == The Coefficient of Performance (COP) and Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) are measures of a heat pu..."

== [[File:Screenshot 2022-02-25 at 11.22.52.png]] ==

== What is COP and EER? ==

The Coefficient of Performance (COP) and Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) are measures of a heat pump or heating and cooling solution’s efficiency. They indicate a ratio of useful heating or cooling produced by the unit against the energy it consumes. For example, the COP of a heat pump that can provide 3kW of heat against the input of 1kW of electricity is 3. The EER that generates a cooling effect of 12BTU against the input of 1kW of electricity is 12.

== Can COP and EER be used to establish the overall energy efficiency of a heating or cooling unit ==

== In simple terms, the higher the COP or EER, the more energy efficient the heat pump is. This is helpful as a relatively simple efficiency qualifier calculated as a punctual value at a given condition. As we know, however, the energy efficiency of heat pumps can change based on many factors, including for example variations in external temperatures, such as those from seasons. ==

The load requirement for heat pumps also changes, especially in temperate climates such as the UK. The Seasonal Coefficient of Performance (SCOP) and Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER) consider the energy efficiency of a heat pump throughout the entire heating and cooling season, providing a more accurate comparison of likely installed performance than COP.

SCOP can be calculated for more complex multi-unit solutions too, giving an important performance indicator for HVAC systems such as communal ambient loops that utilise in-apartment water source heat pumps and air source heat pumps as central plants. You can read more on the impact of SCOP of central plants on the energy efficiency of communal ambient loops here.

== What do COP and EER tell us about carbon emissions? ==

When used with the Carbon Emissions Factor (CEF), COP and EER can be used to derive the carbon emissions produced by a heat pump. This is relevant in the context of compliance with the anticipated uplifted Part L.

When introduced, SAP10 will reduce the CEF of electricity by more than half, from 0.519 CO2/kWh to 0.233 CO2/kWh. Adjustments made to other fuels will be negligible. This means that to achieve the expected carbon reductions indicated by the Future Homes Standard, heat pumps are likely to become the default technology.

To find out more about how heat pumps can help reduce carbon emissions and improve the energy efficiency of your development, contact one of GDHV’s HVAC specialists today.

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2022-02-25T11:25:35Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation:

Fan coil refurbishment for improved operational efficiency

2022-02-25T10:49:03Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation: Created page with "= File:Screenshot 2022-02-25 at 10.45.58.png = = What are the key components to consider for fan coil refurbishment that could lead to improved operational efficiencies? = ..."

= [[File:Screenshot 2022-02-25 at 10.45.58.png]] =

= What are the key components to consider for fan coil refurbishment that could lead to improved operational efficiencies? =

There are several key components to consider when improving the operational efficiency of existing fan coil units. These can include fan motors, actuators, filters, and controllers. The age and condition of fan coil units can have a significant impact on the efficiency of cooling, heating, ventilation, and filtration systems. The refurbishment of existing fan coils can improve the energy efficiency of the overall system and reduce a building’s running costs and carbon emissions and reduce the potential cost of unexpected unplanned maintenance. For example, common problems that can arise in older units include excess noise, leaks, and isolation of specific units. Improved occupant comfort can also be provided to a building without the cost or disruption of a full system replacement.

The location of fan coil units and their integration with controls and building management systems may have an impact on the remedial actions available. These varied contributing factors call for us to consider the advantages of fan coil refurbishment over full product replacement, especially when trying to minimise any disruption to a building’s operation.

Signs of an inefficient fan coil system vary, but could include increased operational noise, system leaks or insufficient volume of the leaving air to cool or heat a relevant space. In the past ten years, we have seen many developments aimed at improving the energy efficiency of fan coil units. The introduction of electronically commutated (EC) to direct current (DC) motors has brought significant increases in fan coil system efficiency. Upgrading the fan coil motor component can dramatically reduce the energy consumption of the fan coil unit and improve the overall energy efficiency of the system.

== Why choose an EC motor over a traditional AC motor? ==

EC motors are on average 50-80% more efficient than traditional alternating current (AC) motors. Approximately 30% of the energy consumption of an AC motor is attributed to the generation of magnetic fields. The design of an EC to DC motor uses a permanent magnetic field and eliminates this energy requirement.

The electronic board enables a higher level of control of an EC motor. The efficient speed of modulation makes it possible to accurately regulate airflow in relation to the cooling or heating requirement. This means EC motors do not run above the required capacity, unlike AC motors which can run higher than is needed leading to considerable energy losses. EC motors also tend to be smaller, saving valuable space in the unit and can generally be retrofitted in place of AC motors.

=== Case Study – The Palestra Building for Transport of London (TfL) ===

As part of an ongoing commitment to energy efficiency and environmental impact, 750 fan coil units supplied by Ability in 2007 have been upgraded to utilise the latest EC motor technology, dramatically reducing energy consumption and the carbon footprint of the building. Building on the success of the upgrades, Ability was commissioned to undertake full refurbishment work on two additional TfL buildings that contained over 700 units from several different manufacturers.

== What are the advantages of fan coil refurbishment over the installation of new fan coil units? ==

The answer lies in the instant payback of EC fan motors and the high cost of installation of an entire new fan coil unit.

Installation of full fan coil replacement units can cause huge disruption to the operation of a building. The impact on businesses and occupiers of partial building closures to complete an installation can be lasting and difficult to evaluate. The direct cost will include the old unit removal and new unit installation, the outlay for space remodelling or repairs to ceilings. The recommissioning of the new system with additional water treatment can add to the cost of the new installation. These factors should be weighed against the option of a fan coil refurbishment which can be done in situ. The work requires far less resource and can be completed out of hours or arranged around the needs of the business or occupiers.

During refurbishment, fan decks, drain trays, panels or any other parts that may be missing from the fan coils can be replicated and replaced. The coil, drain trays and main units are cleaned and new filters fitted as necessary. The replacements of AC with EC fan motors should be accompanied by a control upgrade to maximise the energy efficiency of the refurbished system. The original air output and volume can be measured, and the new fan coil valves can be calibrated to these values. This can significantly streamline the commissioning process, providing the original volumes are correct.

== Benefits of fan coil refurbishment for the occupier and environment ==

Aside from the 50-80% energy efficiency increase, the refurbished fan coil units can operate at much lower noise levels due to the revised bearings and airflow characteristics. The improved performance and the availability of variable speeds present the occupiers with more control over their thermal comfort and energy expenditure.

An upgrade of outdated fan coils helps to reduce building energy consumption and has a significant role to play in tackling operational carbon emissions, which will only become more important as the UK looks to revise its Building Regulations and adopt energy assessment criteria such as the NABERS protocol used in Australia. Fan coil units are not simple to recycle; therefore, refurbishing existing units, rather than manufacturing, transporting, and installing new ones, can significantly reduce the embodied carbon emissions of a building too.

For more information on fan coil upgrade and refurbishment options, or to discuss how fan coil refurbishment can contribute to an improved energy strategy of your building, [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/gdhv-support/sales speak with] one of our HVAC specialists today.

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2022-02-25T10:47:22Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation:

Heat pump COP & EER and central plant SCOP in ambient loops

2021-10-27T14:09:53Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation: Protected "Heat pump COP & EER and central plant SCOP in ambient loops" ([edit=author] (indefinite) [move=author] (indefinite))

= [[File:EEr and COP image. .jpg]]What is the COP and EER of an in-apartment heat pump? Is the SCOP of the central plant a better indicator of energy performance for an ambient loop? =

The coefficient of performance (COP) and energy efficiency ratio (EER) measure the efficiency of heating and cooling performance of heat pumps. As ambient communal loops that use in-apartment heat pumps rise in popularity in the UK, we should consider what the COP or EER of the in-apartment heat pump tells us about the efficiency of an HVAC system. We should also consider the seasonal coefficient of performance (SCOP) of the central plant and how this helps us project the energy efficiency and calculate the carbon reduction achievable through the correct specification of an ambient loop.

The construction industry is adapting to the challenges of accelerating efforts to achieve the 2050 net zero carbon target and tightening regulations. Although the emphasis is still on a fabric first approach, the uplifted Part L, and forthcoming Future Homes Standard, look beyond improving the thermal efficiency of our buildings and focus heavily on reducing energy use and its carbon impact. With at least 31% carbon reductions required by 2022 and 75% reductions by 2025, low carbon technologies are likely to become the primary source of heating and cooling in our buildings. This is likely to normalise the specification of communal ambient loops in larger residential and mixed-use developments as we move away from fossil-fuels and towards the electrification of heat.

= Why the electrification of heat, and how can COP and EER help us understand the positive impact of heat pump specification on carbon emissions? =

COP and EER help us to understand the heating and cooling efficiency of a heat pump. They can also help us project the relevant energy consumption and carbon emissions of a solution. You can find out more about heat pump COP and EER here.

Once calculated, the energy consumption of a heat pump can be multiplied by its carbon emission factor (CEF) to derive the carbon emissions of the energy source the heat pump uses. This links back to the primary energy factor (PEF) which is the amount of energy required to generate one unit of the electricity used by the heat pump. Combined, they show the total amount of energy that must be generated, and the carbon emissions of generating that energy, and are the energy factors which become fundamental for understanding compliance under the new uplifted Part L guidance.

As carbon remains a core benchmark of compliance, we are increasingly moving towards the electrification of heat in residential developments to achieve the nearest carbon reduction target of 35%. However, why can’t traditional combined heat and power (CHP) systems get us there?

The Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) for Energy Rating of Dwellings, 2012 version, assumes that the CEF of electricity is almost 2.5 times more than that of gas. However, the introduction of SAP10 will reduce the CEF of electricity by more than a half, from 0.519 CO2/kWh to 0.233 CO2/kWh, whilst changes to other fuels will be negligible. The predictions for SAP10.1 go even further with a reduction of CEF for electricity to 0.136 CO2/kWh as our grid continues to decarbonise.

= Why are communal ambient loops seen as the technology for the future? =

The design of ambient communal networks, such as the Zeroth Energy System by Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation (GDHV), combines the efficiency of heat pumps with the benefits of a low temperature central loop. The ambient loop, which is maintained at 25°C, supplies in-apartment heat pumps with the energy required to provide space heating, domestic hot water and comfort cooling.

[[File:Cop EER image 2.png]]

We have already considered how the efficiency of a heat pump can help increase the energy efficiency and lower the carbon emissions of a dwelling. The design of communal ambient loops offers further benefits, including but not limited to:

* A reduction of heat distribution losses and overheating associated with more traditional high temperature networks
* The specification of renewables such as air source heat pumps in the central plant
* Potential for a connection to a district heating network

The Zeroth Energy System is the only communal ambient loop that has to date been successfully installed in developments across the UK, providing valuable performance data on things such as the achievable distribution loss reduction. The Zeroth Energy System can significantly reduce heat distribution losses when compared to traditional high temperature networks. This helps to significantly improve the energy efficiency of a building and reduce overheating in communal spaces that have become a challenge in insulated residential buildings with CHP systems. You can read more on the impact the Zeroth Energy System can have on overheating here.

The flexibility of the Zeroth Energy System means that connection to a district heating network is possible if required. You can read more on this topic here. Specification of a renewable energy source for the central plant, such as an air source heat pump, can further increase energy efficiency and reduce the carbon footprint of the residential development.

= How does the SCOP of an air source heat pump, utilised as central plant, impact the efficiency of a communal ambient loop? =

Whilst COP and EER help illustrate the differences between the carbon reductions achievable with various heating and cooling technologies, the climate of the UK means the load requirements for heat pumps change with outdoor temperature fluctuations across the seasons. SCOP indicates the average energy efficiency of the unit throughout the entire heating and cooling season and can be a more accurate marker of heat pump efficiency.

The COP for in-apartment heat pumps currently on the market varies. This value is however less relevant when considered in the context of the overall ambient network solution, where its overall efficiency is better indicated by the SCOP of the central plant.

For example, a Zeroth Energy System installed with an air source heat pump as a central plant can offer overall system efficiencies of around 300%. This is a marked increase when compared with traditional centralised high temperature systems and shows the system outperforms other communal ambient loops currently on the market.

To find out more about the benefits that the Zeroth Energy System can bring to your next project, [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/gdhv-support contact] one of our HVAC specialists.

Hybrid heat pump electric panel heating

2021-10-27T14:09:25Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation: Protected "Hybrid heat pump electric panel heating new developments" ([edit=author] (indefinite) [move=author] (indefinite))

= [[File:Hybrid_heat_pumps_pic.jpg|link=File:Hybrid_heat_pumps_pic.jpg]]Highly efficient hybrid electric solutions combine hot water heat pumps and direct electric panel heating to reduce the carbon footprint of new build residential developments =

As specifiers face tightening regulations and accelerating plans to decarbonise heating and domestic hot water in new housing stock, hybrid solutions that combine low carbon hot water heat pumps and highly efficient electric panel heaters offer an interesting new alternative to traditional gas boilers.

Hybrid solutions are generally understood to be systems that include a gas boiler and a heat pump. But this description can also include many other combinations of technologies. In this blog, we will specifically look at combinations that utilise domestic hot water heat pumps in small dwellings and small and medium residential developments. These highly energy efficient air source heat pumps are currently available on the market and help deliver low carbon domestic hot water for residential developments. [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/heat-pumps/hot-water-heat-pumps The Edel Hot Water Heat Pump], for example, has a coefficient of performance (COP) of 3.36. This means it can supply 3.36kWh for every kWh of energy it uses.

As building envelopes are increasingly thermally efficient, domestic hot water has become the dominant energy load. Addressing the highest energy demand service renewably, through the specification of the Edel Hot Water Heat Pump, has a significant impact on meeting carbon emission targets. The technology can be paired with a wide range of space heating solutions to suit the project specifics and design requirements.

Hybrid solutions that include hot water heat pumps with gas boilers are increasingly specified to help reduce carbon emissions of new developments. But how does this type of specification bode for the future? And can we still rely on gas boilers?

= Will the new SAP 10.1 change energy calculations? And how will this accelerate the electrification of heating in residential developments? =

To achieve the net zero carbon targets as outlined by the government, we will need to move away from fossil fuels and accelerate the electrification of heating. The Future Homes Standard consultation confirms that the UK government intends to ban gas connections in new developments from 2025.

The good news is that as the National Grid decarbonises, electricity is starting to shed its reputation as the ‘dirty fuel’. The updated version of SAP 10.1, when released, will introduce a new carbon emissions factor for fuel sources. This will see the carbon emissions factor of electricity more than halved, whilst the changes to oil and gas are negligible.

As the electricity generation in the UK continues to decarbonise, the expectation is that fully electric hybrid systems, such as the Edel Hot Water Heat pump and direct acting panel heaters, could present a decreasing carbon footprint for a building. The primary energy factor is a more complex area with more variables at play but is expected to follow a similar trajectory.

= If the future is electric, how can direct acting panel heaters support that future? =

We already discussed that the carbon emission reduction achievable with the Edel Hot Water Heat Pump means that a variety of space heating technologies can be specified. [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/heating-cooling/direct-acting-electric-panel-heaters Direct acting panel heaters] are the most popular heating emitter specification choice for the Edel Hot Water Heat Pump. The technology has moved away from the old fashioned, inefficient units with inaccurate thermostats and a lack of controls from the past. The wide selection of modern designs are popular with architects, designers, and end users alike, and consumer friendly control units with intuitive displays add to the end user appeal.

The principal draw is the 100% energy efficiency at the source that modern panel heaters can achieve. Additional energy saving features such as the Adaptive Start or Open Window Detection are attractive to end users. These intelligent features help to reduce the amount of energy that panel heaters use when their operation is unnecessary. This energy would be otherwise wasted.

Even more can be done in terms of energy efficiency and improving the flexibility of the electrical grid. One way of achieving this is by specifying [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/heating-cooling/high-heat-retention-storage-heating high heat retention storage heaters] that can be utilised as energy storage.

After considering the energy efficiency of both the air to hot water heat pumps and direct acting panel heaters, we will now look at the practical and commercial implications of specifying hybrid heat pump solutions.

= How does the specification of the Edel Hot Water Heat Pump combined with electric panel heaters overcome the challenges modern developments face? =

Combining hot water heat pumps with gas boilers has some merit if carbon emission reductions are sought in the short term, however, the application of a hybrid approach in this manner is not without additional capital cost and complexity. Is possible to specify reliable hybrid heat pump solutions today that could replace gas technology altogether?

There are numerous practical benefits of a hybrid solution based on the Edel Hot Water Heat Pump combined with panel heaters. These include many practical and commercial benefits:

* Eliminating the cost of introducing gas connections to developments
* Lower capital cost of the solution
* Cost of pipework, controls and servicing is significantly reduced
* Radio-frequency enabled technology for remote control by end users and building owners
* Usable footprint can be increased
* Installation is considerably simpler, and a gas engineer is not required
* Lower maintenance cost
* Improved aesthetic with greater design flexibility
* Highly energy efficient with the potential to reduce energy bills for end users

The construction industry will need a host of technologies to achieve the incremental net zero carbon targets as we approach 2050. Hybrid heat pump solutions are one of these options and have been a popular choice with European specifiers for some time now as fossil fuels are replaced with a broad range of sustainable, decarbonising solutions that give building specifiers choice in the way that they design their projects.

The specification of the Edel Hot Water Heat Pump with panel heaters is not new in the UK. The solution is proven in the UK and is recognised in SAP Appendix Q. The Edel Hot Water Heat Pump with panel heaters has helped to achieve compliance in projects and developments with various limitations that needed to be resolved, such as space availability or regional compliance.

To learn more about compliance with the [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/future-homes-standard-download Future Home Standard] and to see some performance modelling of this hybrid solution and its gas counterpart, request our Future Homes Standard CPD.

GDHV are global leader in developing commercially viable HVAC solutions. [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/gdhv-support/sales Speak with] one of our HVAC experts to see how our hybrid heat pump solutions could benefit your project.

Ambient network HVAC

2021-10-27T14:08:37Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation: Protected "Only installed ambient network HVAC solution" ([edit=author] (indefinite) [move=author] (indefinite))

= [[File:Hvac solution pic .jpg]]The Zeroth Energy System – An ambient network HVAC solution already tested, installed and benefitting developments today =

The Zeroth Energy System is currently the first modern ambient network to be installed in multiple projects across the UK, offering a range of benefits that were designed to answer the challenges of HVAC system integration in large residential developments. The communal network uses an ambient central energy loop and in-apartment water-to-water heat pumps to efficiently deliver low carbon heating, cooling, and domestic hot water. The three main challenges the innovative solution addresses are:

* Compliance and energy efficiency
* Spatial limitations and ease of installation
* Occupant comfort, cost and control

Ambient networks are fast becoming a technology that promises to help deliver healthy, more sustainable and compliant residential buildings with a reduced carbon footprint that can get us closer to the net zero 2050 target. You can find out how in-apartment heat pumps on ambient networks work here. The Zeroth Energy System is the only solution of its kind designed and manufactured in the UK in collaboration with leading developers to address specific challenges of the UK residential property market.

The Zeroth Energy System is currently the only ambient network solution of its kind implemented in residential and mixed-use developments. The completed projects give a valuable insight into the benefits ambient networks can offer for modern construction and provide us with measurable results on not just the design but the working application of these new systems.

= How does the Zeroth Energy System help improve the energy efficiency of a building and overcome compliance challenges? =

As Building Regulations are set to increase the efficiency of our buildings and tighten carbon reduction targets, the recent installation of the Zeroth Energy System at Harbour Lofts in Poole illustrates how the technology can help. The regeneration project by Acorn Property Group was an example of local planning restrictions, carbon performance targets and design restrictions posing a challenge to the specification of a compliant HVAC solution. The design of the Zeroth Energy System proposed by GDHV features internal air source heat pumps (ASHP), a buffer tank in the plant room and underfloor heating in the apartments. To read more on how the solution helped achieve compliance and deliver the design objectives for this project, read our Harbour Lofts case study.

The Zeroth Energy System addresses the inefficiencies of traditional high temperature communal systems. GDHV testing shows that the Zeroth Energy System can reduce distribution losses by up to 90% when compared to these systems. As a result, the system helps design out overheating in modern, well insulated buildings. You can find out more on how this can be achieved here. Simultaneously, the energy efficiency of the system increases. To illustrate the efficiencies of the Zeroth Energy System further and show the benefits of having working installations to monitor, consider the example that the domestic hot water (DHW) heat loss, as measured by EN15332 in kWh/24h, is 1.63. When measured in a real installation of the Zeroth Energy System, the figure is in fact significantly lower at 1.1.

The coefficient of performance (COP) for in-apartment heat pumps available on the market currently varies. In the context of overall ambient network efficiency, the seasonal coefficient of performance (SCOP) should also be considered. Combining ambient networks with a renewable energy source, for example an air source heat pump as the central plant, can offer excellent SCOP.You can find out more on this, and how the Zeroth Energy System can help reduce HVAC system CO2 emissions hereand also how it can help achieve compliance in large residential developments here.

= How does the Zeroth Energy System help with spatial limitations and installation speed? =

Plant room, infrastructure and apartment living space requirements of HVAC systems can be a decisive specification factor, especially where valuable usable footprint of the building can be freed up. The completed development by Galliard Homes in London Leyton’s Church Road is an example of how the Zeroth Energy System can help maximise the building footprint. A limited electrical supply coupled with significant plant room space restrictions made integration of traditional central plant heating technology within the development difficult. This could not be overcome by rearranging the design of the original system.

The design temperature of the central loop of the Zeroth Energy System at 25 °C reduced the required output in comparison with a high temperature system, so reducing the central plant size. Air source heat pumps (ASHP) were installed on the roof of the building, addressing the plant location and size issue. The Zeroth Heat Pump, which contains an integrated water cylinder, installed in each apartment are sized to fit a standard utility cupboard. Again, this meant even more valuable space was made available in the building.

The weight of the in-apartment unit at 178kg (empty) is around 40kg less than market competitors, allowing for easier handling. Unlike similar products on the market, the majority of the Zeroth Energy System components are housed within the unit. This means the system can be delivered pre-wired and pre-plumbed, significantly reducing onsite installation time and cost. The use of non-flammable refrigerant also contributes to lower ongoing costs of maintenance. The Church Road installation demonstrates the benefits of industry-driven innovation. For more information, read the full case study here.

= How can the Zeroth Energy System improve occupant thermal and acoustic comfort? =

= Increasing outdoor temperatures mean there is a growing need for HVAC solutions that can improve occupant thermal comfort all year round. Whilst the heating load of compliant buildings is reduced with the improved thermal performance of the building envelope, a new challenge arises to keep occupants cool during summers. The internal heat gains generated by occupants combined with the external heat penetrating modern lightweight building materials limit the impact of passive cooling measures. However, if cooling and mechanical ventilation are specified, the energy efficiency of these systems is pivotal. Here, ambient networks can offer a feasible alternative to traditional cooling systems. =

The Zeroth Energy System can deliver low carbon cooling to large residential developments and can also work alongside mechanical ventilation systems. To deliver comfort cooling efficiently, the system utilises the waste energy from the space and hot water heating process. Conversely, the waste energy from the cooling process can be transferred to the water cylinder to provide thermal energy for hot water delivery. This feature sets the Zeroth Energy System apart from other ambient networks available on the market. Lendlease trialled the Zeroth Energy System in the Elephant Park regeneration project with the aim to create a long-term strategy for delivery of sustainable new communal developments. The trial ambient network installation was specified with underfloor heating and fan coils for comfort cooling. The Zeroth Energy System has also been specified to deliver heating and comfort cooling with the same emitters for a major development in East London.

The Zeroth Energy System with Natural Air 180 mechanical ventilation with heat recovery units (MVHR) were recently installed at The Factory (Dundonald Church), a development in south London. The spatial constraints and the requirement of a minimum of 35% on-site carbon improvement against Part L as required by the Greater London Authority (GLA) proved a considerable challenge. The Zeroth Energy System was the only technology capable of overcoming the challenges of this project. Mark Bryan, MEP Director of Meinhardt who consulted on the project, adds: “The Zeroth technology offers a route for dwellings to provide low carbon heat based on a product of the future. We are very much looking forward to seeing how this system operates as a critical step of reducing our carbon dioxide emissions”.

Noise reduction and effective end user controls were pivotal to the mixed-use project. The Zeroth Energy Systems noise levels for the 6kW are slightly higher than the 4kW model, with a sound pressure of 25dBA and sound power at 36dBA. This is around 5dBA less than comparable systems. The occupant comfort was significantly improved and although the services were supplied through the centralised Zeroth Energy System, easy to use in-apartment controls were installed to give occupiers the freedom to set their own comfort limits. The Zeroth Energy System is not limited to manufacturer controls and allows for complete flexibility of controls specification. Find out more about The Factory project here.

To find out more about the Zeroth Energy System or to discuss your project in detail, contact our HVAC specialists.

What is diversity in HVAC systems?

2021-10-27T14:07:59Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation: Protected "What is diversity in HVAC systems?" ([edit=author] (indefinite) [move=author] (indefinite))

= [[File:Diversity in hvac systems pic.jpg]]What is diversity in HVAC systems, and how does it affect HVAC system design and specification for residential developments? =

Diversity in HVAC systems within medium to large scale developments acknowledges that it is unlikely the maximum demand of all individual users of the system will arise concurrently. The total heat demand in a building is likely to be lower than the maximum or peak demand at various points in the heat network.

Diversity has a substantial impact on the peak heating and cooling load and design conditions of a HVAC system. Accurate diversity calculation prevents oversizing of HVAC systems that leads to energy inefficiencies and increased running costs in buildings. It also helps provide an effective system design that can reduce the capital cost of a HVAC solution and provide improved thermal comfort to occupants.

The Heat Network Code of Practise produced by CIBSE – CP1, defines diversity at any point in the network as:

Peak demand that occurs at this point in the heat network (kW) / The sum of the peak demands at each customer supply point downstream (kW)

Accurate calculation of diversity reflects the dynamic nature of the individual loads and the natural fluctuations of internal exchanges in a building. The larger the building, the more occupants and variety of services it holds, the more complex diversity calculation becomes.

= Factors that influence diversity calculation =

The load patterns of a HVAC system should be anticipated to help estimate the diversity in the system. The diversity in commercial and large residential buildings is impacted by fluctuations in occupancy in the apartments, or in the case of a commercial building occupancy of various zones. Where HVAC controls are installed in separate rooms or zones this further diversifies the load distribution, therefore the loads in each zone or individual apartment are a sum of all spaces in that particular area.

To obtain a total peak load diversity, systems should be calculated separately:

* Space heating
* Space cooling
* Hot water provision, including diversity in electric load if immersion heaters are installed

Diversity calculation takes into account the heat gains and losses through a building envelope. The recent improvements in the thermal efficiency of building envelopes mean that diversity calculation must be more attentive to the internal gains within a building and heat exchanges between zones, occupied and unoccupied apartments, or apartments and communal spaces.

= Impact of diversity on the sizing and design of a HVAC system =

The dynamic nature of diversity calls for effective application of adequate data gathered from similar existing buildings over a set time period and recorded at regular intervals. This comparison method can provide valuable guidance for HVAC system diversity calculation in a new building.

Diversity in a HVAC system can be influenced by informed changes in building design, for example where spaces with similar usage and thermal profile are grouped in the same zone. This can often be observed in office buildings where operationally similar spaces will be positioned in one area of a building. More commonly, diversity informs the design of a HVAC system to maximise energy efficiency by reducing the overall system flow without impacting the peak flow thus retaining the required output of the system. The application of diversity also allows for better use of controls to balance a HVAC system leading to a reduction in specified equipment and decrease in capital and maintenance costs.

= Application of diversity for The Zeroth Energy System =

The Zeroth Energy System is the result of a long-standing collaboration between GDHV and industry-leading developers. The aim was to design a highly energy efficient, low carbon system capable of delivering space heating, comfort cooling and hot water whilst addressing challenges that are becoming commonplace in large residential developments, such as high energy bills and overheating. The system is based on an energy loop that uses ambient temperature water to supply energy to the in-apartment Zeroth Heat Pump, which extracts the energy required to supply heating, hot water and/or cooling. The system can be connected to a district heating network or use air-source heat pump (ASHP), ground source heat pump (GSHP) or other renewable technology as a central heat plant. As a result of the innovative design, the Zeroth Energy System can reduce heat losses in buildings by up to 90% when compared to traditional CHP or a boiler design.

To assist with the correct specification of the Zeroth Energy System within new developments, TÜV SÜD has produced for us an independent report; ‘Design Guidance for Diversity Factors for Ambient Temperature Networks using the Zeroth Energy System’. The guide provides essential information and references to help with system design and outlines steps that should be taken in the design process. For assistance with diversity calculation for your new project, contact our expert technical team who can help with all aspects of equipment specification and system design advice for your HVAC system.

How does a chilled water fan coil unit work?

2021-10-27T14:07:23Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation: Protected "How does a chilled water fan coil unit work?" ([edit=author] (indefinite) [move=author] (indefinite))

= [[File:Fan coil pic.jpg]]Chilled water fan coils =

A chilled water fan coil unit (FCU) works by transferring heat from the air passing over the internal heat exchanger to the chilled water passing within. Cold water is supplied by a chiller unit, or reversible heat pump, which is installed in a central plant room or on the roof of a building. Water within the distribution network is cooled to between 6-10oC. Next, the chilled water circulates through a pipework distribution system to the heat exchanger (coil) within the fan coil unit. Fans within the unit then draw air over the exchanger containing the cold water, cooling the air, which is finally dispersed into the desired space to provide the occupants or building users with comfort cooling.

= The different control types available for chilled water fan coil units =

An FCU, as standard, will come with fans and valves but will require controls to maintain the specified temperature for a space. There are both internal controls and external controls.

== Internal fan coil controls ==

These continually monitor the temperature within a space, adjusting the fan speed as well as opening and closing the valves, to maintain the required comfort levels. This helps the system to be much more efficient, by continually making small adjustments to maintain the optimum environment for the user, whilst ensuring the unit is never overworked.

== External fan coil controls ==

These are wall-mounted units which provide the occupants with the ability to adjust temperatures to achieve desired comfort levels.

Chilled water fan coils units are an [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/why-pick-chilled-water-fan-coil-system-over-refrigerant-based-system effective alternative for refrigerant based systems.] They provide energy efficient comfort cooling to commercial and residential buildings and are available in a range of [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/what-are-different-types-fan-coil-units installation options] to suit the specific space requirements of a project.

At Ability, we not only understand fan coils and how they work, but also how to choose the best unit for your project. We offer a range of fan coil solutions for delivering heating or heating and cooling with a range of control options to suit your needs.

Got a project you would like to discuss? [https://www.abilityprojects.com/contact Speak to us today.]

Net zero pathway – direct acting solutions for existing homes

2021-10-27T14:06:46Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation: Protected "Net zero pathway – direct acting solutions for existing homes" ([edit=author] (indefinite) [move=author] (indefinite))

= [[File:Net zero pic.jpg]]Why are direct electric solutions a viable net zero pathway to decarbonising the existing housing stock? =

The consultation revising Part L for existing homes raised challenging conversations across industry on how we will tackle the existing housing stock to reach net zero in 2050. One of the more complex of these is addressing the decarbonisation of heat and the role of direct electric solutions.

As the UK moves toward the electrification of heat and the net zero target, the UK Government will need to introduce specific measures to help transition the existing housing stock towards more sustainable solutions.

This is will be no mean feat, with the cost and complexity of addressing privately owned homes a vital yet difficult landscape for the government to navigate. The key to doing so correctly, alongside well-managed financial incentives, is to bring the public on this journey rather than enforce it upon them, an element of which must be to offer choice and flexibility.

With this in mind, what can direct electric solutions offer to the decarbonisation of heat, and why should the government support them alongside heat pumps as a natural-gas alternative?

= There is no silver bullet... =

There is no silver bullet to reaching the 2050 target and in some existing dwelling direct acting solutions will be the best, and possible only net zero compliant, retrofit for that project.

= When heat pumps can’t be used =

Although [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/heat-pumps heat pumps] are certainly a key technology in our future, not all existing dwellings easily lend themselves to them in the short to medium term, as noted in [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/heat-storage-and-distribution-systems-hds BEIS recent Heat Distribution Systems report]. Where they are not feasible, homeowners should not have to stay with a higher carbon solution when suitable alternatives are available. Heat pumps may not be suitable due to lack of space, budget constraints or occupant requirements and preferences.

This is where hybrid systems containing a heat pump element can be introduced as a complementary interim measure to the full uptake of heat pumps. An example would be pairing a [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/heat-pumps/hot-water-heat-pumps hot water heat pump] with [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/heating-cooling/direct-acting-electric-panel-heaters direct acting panel heaters] or [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/heating-cooling/high-heat-retention-storage-heating high heat retention storage heaters]. In this specification instance the capital cost of heating and hot water upgrades would be lower, leaving budget for additional measures such as fabric improvements and controls. This would further reduce the primary energy usage and carbon impact of the new system when compared to that which is being replaced. The regulations should therefore not discourage this type of improvement.

= As gas becomes more expensive =

The government is looking to address the levy imbalance across gas and electric, as suggested in the [https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/654902/Cost_of_Energy_Review.pdf Cost of Energy Review]. When this change takes place, home owners will be looking to transition away from gas-based systems, and there should be as many alternatives as possible which allow them to do this, for a range of capital and operational budgets, to avoid the exclusion of low-income households and the fuel poor.

Direct acting solutions offer design flexibility and a low-cost solution to futureproofing small, well-insulated houses and flats. Should direct electric not be an option, there could be a rise of those living in fuel poverty who are unable to afford to retrofit a heat pump solution. No appropriate technologies should be ruled out for these homes to transition to, or homeowners could be trapped into staying with a higher cost energy source.

= To align with proposed spending caps =

For landlords, consultations around spending caps on refurbishments could create contradicting scenarios, such as those included in the call for evidence [https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/improving-the-energy-performance-of-privately-rented-homes ‘Improving the Energy Performance of Privately Rented Homes in England and Wales’.] The cost and complexity of traditional heat pump application could mean that landlords surpass the threshold for required spend which may put them off making any improvements.

It is better in these circumstances to have a range of electrification options that enable the application of a hybrid electric heat pump solution. As in the previous example, a lower capital cost hybrid solution would leave funding for fabric improvements, which combined with the ongoing reduction of carbon and primary energy associated with electricity, would produce a significantly better performing building compared.

= For system diversity and demand side response =

One of the key concerns around the specification of direct electric solutions is grid capacity. However, retrofitting the existing housing stock to enable flexible energy storage, through technologies such as the [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/heating-cooling/high-heat-retention-storage-heating?utm_source=GDHV%20Website&utm_medium=Word%20document&utm_campaign=Govt.%20FBS%20response Quantum High Heat Retention Storage Heater], would mean that renewable production could be prioritised over fossil fuels and wind curtailment could be reduced or removed.

= To complement smart tariffs and meters =

As the UK continues to roll-out smart meters across the existing housing stock, there has been an emergence of smart electricity tariffs by companies such as OVO Energy. Smart connected direct electric heaters, high heat retention storage heaters and sanitary hot water heat pumps, all linked to such tariffs, could make a substantial contribution to grid decarbonisation and the electrification of low carbon heat. What’s more is that these systems would grow and contribute alongside other industry electrification plans, such as the roll-out of smart electric vehicle charging models.

This should be a supported pathway to net zero, encouraging smarter tariffs and greater diversification of specification to reach our 2050 goal, rather than discounting viable technologies which we may some day soon come to rely on.

= Remaining flexible in addressing the challenge =

Getting the existing housing stock to net zero is going to require specification flexibility. Industry needs to use the best solution for each project and not be forced to shoe-horn options which do not fit all requirements or budgets.

At GDHV, our HVAC portfolio has been designed to offer you choice when specifying low carbon technologies into new or existing projects. To learn more, [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/cpds book a CPD online] or [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/gdhv-support/sales request a call with our specification specialists.]

Should the government discourage mechanical cooling?

2021-10-27T14:06:21Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation: Protected "Should the government discourage mechanical cooling?" ([edit=author] (indefinite) [move=author] (indefinite))

[[File:Mechanical cooling .jpg]]

= Should the government discourage mechanical cooling? =

The UK government’s proposal to introduce an overheating in new dwellings regulation aims to address the impact of rising summertime temperatures and increased risk of heat waves on buildings, especially within our overheating cities.

The government’s own prediction is that in England and Wales heat-related deaths are expected to more than triple to over 7,000 by 2050 as a result of climate change. Passive measures should always be the first port of call to address this, but should the government really be discouraging mechanical cooling where it may be required most - in new buildings with a high overheating risk? What about if that cooling could be provided by a low carbon, low energy solution?

= A reliance on increased ventilation and passive measures =

Within the regulation proposal, the focus on the removal of heat is centered around increased ventilation rates and the ability to open windows. However, depending on heat origin, these may not be impactful measures in lowering temperatures to safe and comfortable levels.

These include:

* Where windows cannot be opened or doing so poses a risk (due to safety such as building height or because of poor external air quality).
* City apartments which are likely to see high external summer temperatures of 30°C or more, rendering increased ventilation rates ineffective.

= Mechanical (comfort) cooling =

With the UK heading towards mass heat pump deployment before 2030 and climate change causing temperatures to rise at a significant pace, it is not enough for the government to say mechanical cooling is not prohibited yet not desirable.

Instead, they should support heat pump specification and the ability to allow comfort cooling, where most required, using low carbon and highly efficient methods, as recently covered in our Using heat pumps to provide comfort cooling blog.

Specifying comfort cooling using heat pumps which also provide space heating and hot water offers a vastly different proposition to additional specification of a separate air conditioning system. There are already proven technologies offering this for apartments through the specification of an ambient communal loop, connected to reversible in-apartment heat pumps.

Research and specification of these types of systems have found them to be highly desirable by the market as a means of offering comfort cooling in a low carbon and highly efficient way. The use of heat pumps reduces the negative impacts of cooling compared to an air conditioning unit substantially by:

* Reducing energy use
* Increasing system efficiencies
* Keeping capital cost low by offering heating and comfort cooling via a two-pipe system

The technology's ability to utilise waste heat (i.e., using otherwise wasted heat produced in cooling mode to provide “free” hot water to the apartment) and capitalise on the efficiencies of heat pumps help to reduce occupant bills and address fuel poverty whilst helping to keep spaces at a safe and comfortable temperature.

[https://www.gdhv.co.uk/heat-pumps/low-temperature-networks Read more about such a system here]

= The overheating consultation =

At GDHV, we have been urging Government to recognise the difference between air conditioning and heat pump-led comfort cooling, and to clearly show this within the new overheating regulation and SAP 10 compliance requirements.

Now closed, we expected to hear the government’s response to this consultation in auto-comfort cooling, visit our [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/comfort-cooling-0 comfort cooling solutions page] or [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/gdhv-support/sales request a call with one of our HVAC specialists.]

Reversible heat pumps to provide comfort cooling

2021-10-27T14:04:51Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation: Protected "Reversible heat pumps to provide comfort cooling" ([edit=author] (indefinite) [move=author] (indefinite))

[[File:Reversible heat pumps-3.jpg]]

= Using heat pumps to provide comfort cooling =

The recent government consultation into a new overheating regulation has shown the importance of designing safe and comfortable spaces, especially in our overheating cities. With summertime temperatures set to increase, what role could heat pumps play in offering a solution?

Summertime temperatures are expected to rise over the next century, with the Climate Change Committee predicting that the chances of the UK experiencing temperatures as hot or hotter than 2018 (consistently topping 30°C) to be:

* 10-25% chance per year from today
* 50% by 2050

At these temperatures, especially in city centres where the heat island effect can exacerbate hot conditions further, we will not be able to rely on increased ventilation rates to cool down existing spaces. ‘But could designs that utilise heat pumps offer a low carbon, low energy solution?

= A shift towards heat pumps =

The Government has shown strong support for the use of heat pumps as the UK moves towards the electrification of heat in buildings. Their specification preference also offers a route to low carbon comfort cooling, avoiding the potential future of retrofitted air conditioning systems which would consume more energy and raise occupant bills.

For designers looking to future-proof their developments, designing in heat pumps offers the opportunity to specify reversible systems which can provide comfort cooling to houses and apartments.

Although using any energy to cool is still adding additional load that would not be present in a heating-only design, for dwellings with a high overheating risk, either seasonally or otherwise, providing comfort cooling via heat pump technology offers a mitigation measure to ensure dwellings remain at safe temperatures in a way which has a low environmental impact.

= Benefits of using reversible heat pumps to cool =

Reversible heat pumps have the ability to provide low carbon comfort cooling via a two-pipe system. This means that spaces are able to be heated and cooled through one distribution system (assuming the emitter is capable of providing both).

This offers an environmentally friendly way of providing comfort to occupants during increased summer temperatures, via a highly efficient technology. The efficiency of this is increased further by their ability to make use of waste heat and share energy; offering a financial benefit both upfront and operationally against alternative systems.

= An in-apartment solution =

When designing apartment developments with communal systems, designers needn’t miss out the opportunity to provide low carbon comfort cooling. Working with leading developers, we GDHV has developed a heat pump solution that offers the flexibility to keep spaces comfortable whilst increasing overall system efficiency.

[https://www.gdhv.co.uk/heat-pumps/low-temperature-networks The Zeroth Energy System] is an advanced communal ambient loop solution using in-apartment heat pumps to provide building services to residential apartments. As with traditional high temperature communal networks, the ambient loop is kept in operating band by central plant and is capable of connecting to a district heat network, even those of a higher temperature.

The system can:

* Save energy and reduce carbon generated in new dwellings by up to 29% when compared to a traditional gas system, reducing occupant bills.
* Significantly reduce pipework heat-loss, meaning that the issue of summer overheating is reduced.
* Offer comfort cooling via a two-pipe system from heat pump technology, and for similar capital cost.
* Utilise waste heat sharing at apartment and building level, recovery “free” energy which may have otherwise been lost or contributed to the urban heat island effect.

The Zeroth Energy System has been successfully installed in apartment developments across the UK, including [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/case-studies-church-road-0 Church Road, Leyton by Galliard Homes] and [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/case-studies-harbour-lofts Harbour Lofts, Poole by Acorn Properties].

To discuss our Zeroth Energy System in more detail, [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/gdhv-support/sales contact our team] of specialists. Alternatively, visit our comfort cooling page to view our range of [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/comfort-cooling-0 comfort cooling] plant to emitter options.

Can the Zeroth Energy System reduce the carbon footprint of HVAC services?

2021-10-27T13:52:38Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation:

= [[File:Zeroth energy system image .jpg]]How can the Zeroth Energy System reduce the carbon footprint of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) services in residential apartments and mixed-use developments? =

The ambient temperature of the central loop, and utilisation of renewable central plants, means that the innovative [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/heat-pumps/low-temperature-networks Zeroth Energy System] can help to significantly reduce the carbon footprint of HVAC services in a multi-occupancy building. Heat losses in the distribution network of high-temperature centralised systems are significantly reduced in these low temperature systems. By specifying the [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/heat-pumps/low-temperature-networks Zeroth Energy System] instead of traditional gas boilers or a combined heat and power system (CHP), the [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/heat-pumps/low-temperature-networks Zeroth Energy System] can facilitate the application of low carbon energy sources.

= Can a move away from gas boilers help reduce the carbon emissions of HVAC? =

The Zeroth Energy System is compatible with a variety of central heat plants and can be connected to a district heating network (DHN) if preferred. Removing gas fuelled boilers and CHP systems, and replacing them with renewable central plants, such as air source or ground source heat pumps, means that the HVAC services are powered instead by highly efficient technologies that utilise electricity as fuel. SAP 10.1 shows that the carbon factor of electricity is 0.136 when compared to the carbon factor of gas at 0.21, allowing for the potential to deliver significant reductions in the carbon impact of the building.

= What is the impact of the high energy efficiency of the Zeroth Energy System on HVAC carbon emissions? =

When modelled in SAP 2012 with an air source heat pump as a central plant, the [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/heat-pumps/low-temperature-networks Zeroth Energy System] was shown to exceed 300% efficiency. This high energy efficiency is achieved via application of renewable plant, and by the innovative design of the ambient distribution network. This feature utilises a central water loop set at 25oC, and individual in-apartment heat pumps which use this loop to deliver hot water, space heating and comfort cooling. The ambient temperature of the water in the central loop reduces thermal inefficiencies that can lead to heat distribution losses in the network by elevating the temperature of the ambient water at the point of use, minimising heat losses into the building envelope and maximising the useful delivery of energy from the plant to the services in the apartments.

More information on how energy efficient HVAC systems can help to address the highest energy demand in modern multi-residential apartments, which is domestic hot water, can be found here.

Another benefit of the highly efficient Zeroth Energy System is that the in-apartment Zeroth Heat Pump can deliver comfort cooling for occupants (with the specification of suitable emitters) using the heat pump reverse cycles. This helps to significantly reduce the CO2 emission of an HVAC system within which cooling is to be specified through the balancing effect of the heating and cooling of apartments in the central loop.

Contact our HVAC specialists to find out how the [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/heat-pumps/low-temperature-networks Zeroth Energy System] could reduce the carbon footprint of your HVAC system and increase the energy efficiency of your development.

Can the Zeroth Energy System reduce the carbon footprint of HVAC services?

2021-10-27T13:52:01Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation: Created page with "= How can the Zeroth Energy System reduce the carbon footprint of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) services in residential apartments and mixed-use developments?..."

= How can the Zeroth Energy System reduce the carbon footprint of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) services in residential apartments and mixed-use developments? =

The ambient temperature of the central loop, and utilisation of renewable central plants, means that the innovative [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/heat-pumps/low-temperature-networks Zeroth Energy System] can help to significantly reduce the carbon footprint of HVAC services in a multi-occupancy building. Heat losses in the distribution network of high-temperature centralised systems are significantly reduced in these low temperature systems. By specifying the [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/heat-pumps/low-temperature-networks Zeroth Energy System] instead of traditional gas boilers or a combined heat and power system (CHP), the [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/heat-pumps/low-temperature-networks Zeroth Energy System] can facilitate the application of low carbon energy sources.

= Can a move away from gas boilers help reduce the carbon emissions of HVAC? =

The Zeroth Energy System is compatible with a variety of central heat plants and can be connected to a district heating network (DHN) if preferred. Removing gas fuelled boilers and CHP systems, and replacing them with renewable central plants, such as air source or ground source heat pumps, means that the HVAC services are powered instead by highly efficient technologies that utilise electricity as fuel. SAP 10.1 shows that the carbon factor of electricity is 0.136 when compared to the carbon factor of gas at 0.21, allowing for the potential to deliver significant reductions in the carbon impact of the building.

= What is the impact of the high energy efficiency[[File:Zeroth energy system image .jpg]] of the Zeroth Energy System on HVAC carbon emissions? =

When modelled in SAP 2012 with an air source heat pump as a central plant, the [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/heat-pumps/low-temperature-networks Zeroth Energy System] was shown to exceed 300% efficiency. This high energy efficiency is achieved via application of renewable plant, and by the innovative design of the ambient distribution network. This feature utilises a central water loop set at 25oC, and individual in-apartment heat pumps which use this loop to deliver hot water, space heating and comfort cooling. The ambient temperature of the water in the central loop reduces thermal inefficiencies that can lead to heat distribution losses in the network by elevating the temperature of the ambient water at the point of use, minimising heat losses into the building envelope and maximising the useful delivery of energy from the plant to the services in the apartments.

More information on how energy efficient HVAC systems can help to address the highest energy demand in modern multi-residential apartments, which is domestic hot water, can be found here.

Another benefit of the highly efficient Zeroth Energy System is that the in-apartment Zeroth Heat Pump can deliver comfort cooling for occupants (with the specification of suitable emitters) using the heat pump reverse cycles. This helps to significantly reduce the CO2 emission of an HVAC system within which cooling is to be specified through the balancing effect of the heating and cooling of apartments in the central loop.

Contact our HVAC specialists to find out how the [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/heat-pumps/low-temperature-networks Zeroth Energy System] could reduce the carbon footprint of your HVAC system and increase the energy efficiency of your development.

File:Zeroth energy system image .jpg

2021-10-27T13:51:48Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation:

Heat pump COP & EER and central plant SCOP in ambient loops

2021-10-27T13:50:16Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation: Created page with "= File:EEr and COP image. .jpgWhat is the COP and EER of an in-apartment heat pump? Is the SCOP of the central plant a better indicator of energy performance for an ambient l..."

File:EEr and COP image. .jpg

2021-10-27T13:49:36Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation:

File:Cop EER image 2.png

2021-10-27T13:48:30Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation:

Hybrid heat pump electric panel heating

2021-10-27T13:38:01Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation:

Hybrid heat pump electric panel heating

2021-10-27T13:37:01Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation: Created page with "= File:Hybrid heat pumps pic.jpgHighly efficient hybrid electric solutions combine hot water heat pumps and direct electric panel heating to reduce the carbon footprint of ne..."

= [[File:Hybrid heat pumps pic.jpg]]Highly efficient hybrid electric solutions combine hot water heat pumps and direct electric panel heating to reduce the carbon footprint of new build residential developments =

As specifiers face tightening regulations and accelerating plans to decarbonise heating and domestic hot water in new housing stock, hybrid solutions that combine low carbon hot water heat pumps and highly efficient electric panel heaters offer an interesting new alternative to traditional gas boilers.

Hybrid solutions are generally understood to be systems that include a gas boiler and a heat pump. But this description can also include many other combinations of technologies. In this blog, we will specifically look at combinations that utilise domestic hot water heat pumps in small dwellings and small and medium residential developments. These highly energy efficient air source heat pumps are currently available on the market and help deliver low carbon domestic hot water for residential developments. [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/heat-pumps/hot-water-heat-pumps The Edel Hot Water Heat Pump], for example, has a coefficient of performance (COP) of 3.36. This means it can supply 3.36kWh for every kWh of energy it uses.

As building envelopes are increasingly thermally efficient, domestic hot water has become the dominant energy load. Addressing the highest energy demand service renewably, through the specification of the Edel Hot Water Heat Pump, has a significant impact on meeting carbon emission targets. The technology can be paired with a wide range of space heating solutions to suit the project specifics and design requirements.

Hybrid solutions that include hot water heat pumps with gas boilers are increasingly specified to help reduce carbon emissions of new developments. But how does this type of specification bode for the future? And can we still rely on gas boilers?

= Will the new SAP 10.1 change energy calculations? And how will this accelerate the electrification of heating in residential developments? =

To achieve the net zero carbon targets as outlined by the government, we will need to move away from fossil fuels and accelerate the electrification of heating. The Future Homes Standard consultation confirms that the UK government intends to ban gas connections in new developments from 2025.

The good news is that as the National Grid decarbonises, electricity is starting to shed its reputation as the ‘dirty fuel’. The updated version of SAP 10.1, when released, will introduce a new carbon emissions factor for fuel sources. This will see the carbon emissions factor of electricity more than halved, whilst the changes to oil and gas are negligible.

As the electricity generation in the UK continues to decarbonise, the expectation is that fully electric hybrid systems, such as the Edel Hot Water Heat pump and direct acting panel heaters, could present a decreasing carbon footprint for a building. The primary energy factor is a more complex area with more variables at play but is expected to follow a similar trajectory.

= If the future is electric, how can direct acting panel heaters support that future? =

We already discussed that the carbon emission reduction achievable with the Edel Hot Water Heat Pump means that a variety of space heating technologies can be specified. [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/heating-cooling/direct-acting-electric-panel-heaters Direct acting panel heaters] are the most popular heating emitter specification choice for the Edel Hot Water Heat Pump. The technology has moved away from the old fashioned, inefficient units with inaccurate thermostats and a lack of controls from the past. The wide selection of modern designs are popular with architects, designers, and end users alike, and consumer friendly control units with intuitive displays add to the end user appeal.

The principal draw is the 100% energy efficiency at the source that modern panel heaters can achieve. Additional energy saving features such as the Adaptive Start or Open Window Detection are attractive to end users. These intelligent features help to reduce the amount of energy that panel heaters use when their operation is unnecessary. This energy would be otherwise wasted.

Even more can be done in terms of energy efficiency and improving the flexibility of the electrical grid. One way of achieving this is by specifying [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/heating-cooling/high-heat-retention-storage-heating high heat retention storage heaters] that can be utilised as energy storage.

After considering the energy efficiency of both the air to hot water heat pumps and direct acting panel heaters, we will now look at the practical and commercial implications of specifying hybrid heat pump solutions.

= How does the specification of the Edel Hot Water Heat Pump combined with electric panel heaters overcome the challenges modern developments face? =

Combining hot water heat pumps with gas boilers has some merit if carbon emission reductions are sought in the short term, however, the application of a hybrid approach in this manner is not without additional capital cost and complexity. Is possible to specify reliable hybrid heat pump solutions today that could replace gas technology altogether?

There are numerous practical benefits of a hybrid solution based on the Edel Hot Water Heat Pump combined with panel heaters. These include many practical and commercial benefits:

* Eliminating the cost of introducing gas connections to developments
* Lower capital cost of the solution
* Cost of pipework, controls and servicing is significantly reduced
* Radio-frequency enabled technology for remote control by end users and building owners
* Usable footprint can be increased
* Installation is considerably simpler, and a gas engineer is not required
* Lower maintenance cost
* Improved aesthetic with greater design flexibility
* Highly energy efficient with the potential to reduce energy bills for end users

The construction industry will need a host of technologies to achieve the incremental net zero carbon targets as we approach 2050. Hybrid heat pump solutions are one of these options and have been a popular choice with European specifiers for some time now as fossil fuels are replaced with a broad range of sustainable, decarbonising solutions that give building specifiers choice in the way that they design their projects.

The specification of the Edel Hot Water Heat Pump with panel heaters is not new in the UK. The solution is proven in the UK and is recognised in SAP Appendix Q. The Edel Hot Water Heat Pump with panel heaters has helped to achieve compliance in projects and developments with various limitations that needed to be resolved, such as space availability or regional compliance.

To learn more about compliance with the [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/future-homes-standard-download Future Home Standard] and to see some performance modelling of this hybrid solution and its gas counterpart, request our Future Homes Standard CPD.

GDHV are global leader in developing commercially viable HVAC solutions. [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/gdhv-support/sales Speak with] one of our HVAC experts to see how our hybrid heat pump solutions could benefit your project.

File:Hybrid heat pumps pic.jpg

2021-10-27T13:36:17Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation:

Ambient network HVAC

2021-10-27T13:31:16Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation: Created page with "= File:Hvac solution pic .jpgThe Zeroth Energy System – An ambient network HVAC solution already tested, installed and benefitting developments today = The Zeroth Energy S..."

File:Hvac solution pic .jpg

2021-10-27T13:30:40Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation:

What is diversity in HVAC systems?

2021-10-27T13:25:37Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation: Created page with "= File:Diversity in hvac systems pic.jpgWhat is diversity in HVAC systems, and how does it affect HVAC system design and specification for residential developments? = Divers..."

File:Diversity in hvac systems pic.jpg

2021-10-27T13:25:18Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation:

How does a chilled water fan coil unit work?

2021-10-27T13:22:28Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation: Created page with "= File:Fan coil pic.jpgChilled water fan coils = A chilled water fan coil unit (FCU) works by transferring heat from the air passing over the internal heat exchanger to the ..."

File:Fan coil pic.jpg

2021-10-27T13:21:23Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation:

Net zero pathway – direct acting solutions for existing homes

2021-10-27T13:15:45Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation: Created page with "= File:Net zero pic.jpgWhy are direct electric solutions a viable net zero pathway to decarbonising the existing housing stock? = The consultation revising Part L for existi..."

File:Net zero pic.jpg

2021-10-27T13:15:13Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation:

Should the government discourage mechanical cooling?

2021-10-27T11:46:54Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation: Created page with "File:Mechanical cooling .jpg = Should the government discourage mechanical cooling? = The UK government’s proposal to introduce an overheating in new dwellings regulation..."

File:Mechanical cooling .jpg

2021-10-27T11:46:27Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation:

File:Mechanical cooling -3.jpg

2021-10-27T11:46:00Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation:

File:Mechanical cooling -2.jpg

2021-10-27T11:31:04Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation:

Reversible heat pumps to provide comfort cooling

2021-10-27T11:13:55Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation:

File:Reversible heat pumps-3.jpg

2021-10-27T11:13:31Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation:

Reversible heat pumps to provide comfort cooling

2021-10-27T11:12:11Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation: Created page with "File:Reversible heat pumps-2.jpg = Using heat pumps to provide comfort cooling = The recent government consultation into a new overheating regulation has shown the importan..."

[[File:Reversible heat pumps-2.jpg]]

= Using heat pumps to provide comfort cooling =

The recent government consultation into a new overheating regulation has shown the importance of designing safe and comfortable spaces, especially in our overheating cities. With summertime temperatures set to increase, what role could heat pumps play in offering a solution?

Summertime temperatures are expected to rise over the next century, with the Climate Change Committee predicting that the chances of the UK experiencing temperatures as hot or hotter than 2018 (consistently topping 30°C) to be:

* 10-25% chance per year from today
* 50% by 2050

At these temperatures, especially in city centres where the heat island effect can exacerbate hot conditions further, we will not be able to rely on increased ventilation rates to cool down existing spaces. ‘But could designs that utilise heat pumps offer a low carbon, low energy solution?

= A shift towards heat pumps =

The Government has shown strong support for the use of heat pumps as the UK moves towards the electrification of heat in buildings. Their specification preference also offers a route to low carbon comfort cooling, avoiding the potential future of retrofitted air conditioning systems which would consume more energy and raise occupant bills.

For designers looking to future-proof their developments, designing in heat pumps offers the opportunity to specify reversible systems which can provide comfort cooling to houses and apartments.

Although using any energy to cool is still adding additional load that would not be present in a heating-only design, for dwellings with a high overheating risk, either seasonally or otherwise, providing comfort cooling via heat pump technology offers a mitigation measure to ensure dwellings remain at safe temperatures in a way which has a low environmental impact.

= Benefits of using reversible heat pumps to cool =

Reversible heat pumps have the ability to provide low carbon comfort cooling via a two-pipe system. This means that spaces are able to be heated and cooled through one distribution system (assuming the emitter is capable of providing both).

This offers an environmentally friendly way of providing comfort to occupants during increased summer temperatures, via a highly efficient technology. The efficiency of this is increased further by their ability to make use of waste heat and share energy; offering a financial benefit both upfront and operationally against alternative systems.

= An in-apartment solution =

When designing apartment developments with communal systems, designers needn’t miss out the opportunity to provide low carbon comfort cooling. Working with leading developers, we GDHV has developed a heat pump solution that offers the flexibility to keep spaces comfortable whilst increasing overall system efficiency.

[https://www.gdhv.co.uk/heat-pumps/low-temperature-networks The Zeroth Energy System] is an advanced communal ambient loop solution using in-apartment heat pumps to provide building services to residential apartments. As with traditional high temperature communal networks, the ambient loop is kept in operating band by central plant and is capable of connecting to a district heat network, even those of a higher temperature.

The system can:

* Save energy and reduce carbon generated in new dwellings by up to 29% when compared to a traditional gas system, reducing occupant bills.
* Significantly reduce pipework heat-loss, meaning that the issue of summer overheating is reduced.
* Offer comfort cooling via a two-pipe system from heat pump technology, and for similar capital cost.
* Utilise waste heat sharing at apartment and building level, recovery “free” energy which may have otherwise been lost or contributed to the urban heat island effect.

The Zeroth Energy System has been successfully installed in apartment developments across the UK, including [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/case-studies-church-road-0 Church Road, Leyton by Galliard Homes] and [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/case-studies-harbour-lofts Harbour Lofts, Poole by Acorn Properties].

To discuss our Zeroth Energy System in more detail, [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/gdhv-support/sales contact our team] of specialists. Alternatively, visit our comfort cooling page to view our range of [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/comfort-cooling-0 comfort cooling] plant to emitter options.

File:Reversible heat pumps-2.jpg

2021-10-27T11:11:17Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation:

How do I know what capacity fan coil I need?

2021-10-08T10:33:44Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation: Protected "How do I know what capacity fan coil I need?" ([edit=author] (indefinite) [move=author] (indefinite))

[[File:Capacity-fan-coil-banner.jpeg|link=File:Capacity-fan-coil-banner.jpeg]]Working out what capacity fan coil unit you need requires a lot of factors to be taken into consideration from the outset of a project, including solar gains. These include building orientation, geographical location, envelope construction materials and infiltration alongside internal gains such as lighting, equipment and occupancy. These will have to be considered with any potential plans to install solar shading, as they all have an impact on the predicted performance of a building.

These calculations are generally done by the consultant using thermal modelling systems such as Hevacomp or BIM, to enable them to provide the manufacturer with the peak heating and cooling loads. This can then be used to meet the internal design temperatures.

This detail is crucial for a manufacturer as it is what they use to base their design recommendations on and will assist in ensuring the most effective and efficient solution is specified. It also makes it easier for the manufacturer to offer a solution that is not oversized (which could reduce efficiency and be more costly) and also not undersized (which could potentially mean the buildings demands will not be met).

== Fan coil versatility ==

Fan coil units are an energy efficient and design led solution for a variety of applications in both new build and existing projects. They are also a futureproofed and adaptable solution, providing flexibility should the space or building purpose change, impacting the demands required.

To find out more about the fan coil solutions offered by GDHV or to discuss a specific project in more detail, [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/gdhv-support contact our team] of industry experts who will be happy to help. GDHV offer [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/sites/default/files/d1616_gd_cpd_prospectus_broch_a4_final_2.pdf CIBSE accredited CPDs] to assist with design and specification of fan coils and heat pumps, [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/gdhv-support contact us] to discuss your booking.

[[User:Glen_Dimplex_Heating_%26_Ventilation|Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation]] 13:05, 31 Mar 2021 (BST)

[[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Do_not_autolink]] [[Category:Design]]

The different types of heat pumps and their uses

2021-10-08T10:33:13Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation: Protected "The different types of heat pumps and their uses" ([edit=author] (indefinite) [move=author] (indefinite))

[[File:Heat-pump-in-operation.jpeg|link=File:Heat-pump-in-operation.jpeg]]

= Introduction =

There are three types of heat pumps available for the built environment. They are classified by where they source their primary energy: air, ground or water. Each has its benefits, depending on the application and specific design conditions.

As environmental targets get stricter, demand for heat pumps is growing. They provide improved performance due to their high efficiencies and onsite energy generation. Heat pumps have the potential to offer a more efficient and cost-effective solution for both new and existing developments; using renewable energy from natural sources to provide heating and hot water.

They can also often be reversed to provide cooling, which has been growing in demand when designing HVAC systems for all building types due to high overheating risks.

= How do heat pumps work? =

All heat pumps extract heat from natural sources and transfer it to a refrigerant, which is a fluid with a very low evaporation temperature. Once the refrigerant is heated, it is turned into a gas, which is compressed to further increase its temperature.

The compressed gas is then used to heat water for domestic and commercial use. Finally, an expansion valve reverts the gas back into a liquid and the cycle starts again.

= Air source heat pumps =

Air source heat pumps (ASHPs) absorb heat from the ambient air as their primary energy source. They are able to remain operational in temperatures as low as -20°C, although they are most efficient with warmer external temperatures.

ASHPs are often easier to install than ground or water source alternatives as they only require connection to the main water supply, an electrical connection and, in some instances, a refrigerant connection. This type of heat pump is ideal where space is limited as there is generally no need to bury pipes or be close to other energy sources such as boreholes, canals or large bodies of water. ASHPs can be used in residential and commercial applications of all sizes including high rise buildings where the units can be installed on the roof or at ground level.

In some ASHP applications (such as external units located in the grounds of a building 30m away) burying of pipework is required. All, however, need to be installed where there is plenty of ambient air and ease of access.

[[File:Air_source_heat_pump.jpeg|link=File:Air_source_heat_pump.jpeg]]

= Ground source heat pumps =

Ground source heat pumps (GSHPs) use a series of ground loops to absorb heat energy from the ground. These loops can either be installed in horizontal trenches around one meter in depth, or vertically in a borehole. Boreholes offer a little less disruption to the surrounding landscape but may require a little more capital upfront for the installation.

GSHPs can be better suited for new build developments where the need for external space (to install the ground loop) and the internal space (for the buffer tank and water cylinder) can be factored in at the early design stages. They can also be installed in existing buildings where the space and geographical needs are met and disruption is not an issue.

Due to the nature of ground source heat pump installations, groundworks and existing infrastructure need early consideration for this type of heat pump, which can be more costly to install depending on the building location.

Ground source heat pumps are used across commercial and residential developments and often offer the best all year-round efficiencies due to the potentially higher and consistent temperature of the ground they draw energy from.

[[File:Ground_source_heat_pump_GDHV.jpeg|link=File:Ground_source_heat_pump_GDHV.jpeg]]

= Water source heat pumps =

Water source heat pumps (WSHPs) are able to draw their heat energy from a water source in two different ways - through an open loop system or closed loop system.

== Open loop heat pump (using water as your primary energy source) ==

An open loop system draws in water from a water source (such as a borehole, river or a lake) into the heat pump absorbing its energy as it passes through the system.

Due to these requirements, a water source heat pump, as the name indicates, is best suited for developments that can be located close to water. An open loop system may also require additional approval or consent from the Environmental Agency to extract and discharge the water from the source.

== Closed loop heat pumps (using a water-to-water heat pump as part of a heating system) ==

Beyond using water as the primary energy source from which heat is drawn, heat pumps can also be used in a closed water-to-water ambient loop which is kept within operating parameters by a primary plant technology (such as an air source heat pump or a gas boiler).

[[File:Hot_water_heat_pumps_GDHV.jpeg|link=File:Hot_water_heat_pumps_GDHV.jpeg]]

= Reverse cycle heat pumps =

Reverse cycle heat pumps can transfer rejected energy from one area to another within a space or a building where there is a requirement. Where there is not a demand for this energy, it is rejected from this internal loop into the external surroundings or stored within buffer vessels to be drawn upon when needed. These are growing in popularity within communal residential schemes, especially in city developments which can benefit from a low temperature network.

= Hot water heat pumps =

Heat pump technology is no longer just large plant equipment. Innovations in HVAC solutions mean that the benefits of heat pump technology (such as high efficiencies and low energy use) can now also be gained through smaller solutions, installed internally, such as hot water heat pumps.

Hot water heat pumps (HWHPs) are a low carbon technology for heating hot water and are designed to be installed within the dwelling itself. They consist of a ducted system to supply external air to an air source heat pump mounted on top of a water cylinder. The heat pump collects energy from the ambient air and converts this into heat, which is then transferred to the water within the cylinder, creating hot water to be used in the building. The remaining cold air is then discharged outside.

HWHPs are often used as part of a hybrid heat pump system; they are predominantly used in new build residential applications to provide hot water alongside a separate electric or gas heating system. This makes HWHPs a highly flexible system with cost and installation benefits when compared to their larger heating and hot water alternative.

-----
For more information on the range of heat pumps GDHV offer, or to discuss your project in detail, [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/gdhv-support contact] our team of experts who will be able to support you on deciding the best way to apply heat pumps to your project. GDHV also offer a range of [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/sites/default/files/d1616_gd_cpd_prospectus_broch_a4_final_2.pdf CIBSE accredited CPD seminars] which you can book through our helpful customer service team.

--[[User:Glen_Dimplex_Heating_%26_Ventilation|Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation]] 13:05, 31 Mar 2021 (BST)

= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =

* [[BSRIA_domestic_hot_water_heat_pumps_testing|BSRIA domestic hot water heat pumps testing]].
* [[Domestic_heat_pumps_and_the_electricity_supply_system|Domestic heat pumps and the electricity supply system]].
* [[Heating_ventilation_and_air_conditioning_HVAC|Heating ventilation and air conditioning HVAC]].
* [[Heat_pump|Heat pump]].

[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Do_not_autolink]] [[Category:Definitions]] [[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Chilled water fan coil system vs refrigerant based system

2021-10-08T10:32:23Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation: Protected "Chilled water fan coil system vs refrigerant based system" ([edit=author] (indefinite) [move=author] (indefinite))

[[File:Banner_4-compressed.jpg|link=File:Banner_4-compressed.jpg]]

= Introduction =

When choosing between a chilled water fan coil solution or a refrigerant based system, there are a couple of key factors which will ultimately affect your specification choice. These include restrictions around refrigerants in buildings, safety, sustainability and building size.

== Building restrictions ==

Within new developments, there can be a restriction on how much refrigerant a building contains. In these cases, chilled water fan coils are a viable specification option. They are able to provide a comfortable environment using a water-based system.

== Safety ==

F-Gas regulations require either regular inspection of joints or a leakage detection system, both of which can be quite costly. In comparison, chilled water systems use an inert liquid, eliminating the need for these additional requirements.

[[File:Construction_hard_hats-820px.jpg|link=File:Construction_hard_hats-820px.jpg]]

== Sustainability ==

Refrigerants have a high Global Warming Potential (GWP). As we drive for more sustainable buildings within the construction industry, using systems that help reduce this are important. Chilled water systems only utilise refrigerant in the main plant and therefore use much smaller quantities.

== Building size ==

Refrigerant based systems require a plant room once they meet their maximum distance for a single pipe run. Medium to large systems may require multiple condensers which can require additional internal space and roof space. A hydronic system, however, can operate from a single chiller unit piped centrally to the roof, which can be a consideration where space is a commodity and maximising each square metre is essential.

[[File:Adobestock_107950533-compressed.jpg|link=File:Adobestock_107950533-compressed.jpg]]

== Chilled water fan coil systems ==

Although a refrigerant-based system may be suitable for some projects, where they are not chilled water systems can offer a viable alternative.

With a chilled water fan coil system everything is connected to a centrally located hydronic chiller and heat pump or boiler – often situated on the roof to increase the amount of usable space. This type of system requires a two-pipe model for cooling only, or a four-pipe model for a heating and cooling systems. This allows for smaller riser space and fewer if slightly larger pipes.

As indoor air quality and occupant comfort becomes a wider topic within the construction sector, cooling is becoming increasingly necessary, especially within new and existing commercial developments. When specifying a system, it is increasingly important to select solutions which are futureproof, carry reduced risks and support the drive toward more sustainable buildings.

-----
For more information on chilled water fan coils or to discuss a specific project in more detail, please contact [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/gdhv-support our team] of industry experts. GDHV also offer a range of [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/sites/default/files/d1616_gd_cpd_prospectus_broch_a4_final_2.pdf CIBSE accredited CPDs] relevant to commercial developments on products such as fan coils and heat pumps, [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/gdhv-support contact us] to make a booking.

This article originally appeared under the headline, 'Why pick a chilled water fan coil system over a refrigerant based system?' It was published on 20 March 2020.

--[[User:Glen_Dimplex_Heating_&_Ventilation|Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation]] 13:05, 31 Mar 2021 (BST)

= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =

* [[Building_heating_systems|Building heating systems.]]
* [[Chilled_water|Chilled water.]]
* [[Fan_coil_unit|Fan coil unit.]]
* [[Heating_ventilation_and_air_conditioning_HVAC|Heating ventilation and air conditioning HVAC.]]

[[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Do_not_autolink]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

The heating and cooling emitters compatible with a heat pump

2021-10-08T10:31:59Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation: Protected "The heating and cooling emitters compatible with a heat pump" ([edit=author] (indefinite) [move=author] (indefinite))

[[File:Banner_1-820px.jpg|link=File:Banner_1-820px.jpg]]

= Introduction =

Any hydronic heating and cooling emitter such as fan coils, radiators or trench heating, could be used with a heat pump.There are a number of factors, however, which will ultimately impact the final specification. These include thermal requirements, such as whether the building needs heating only or heating and cooling, control requirements and design preferences, such as whether to have the emitter recessed or on view.

Specification of the most appropriate heat pump, combined with suitable emitters, will provide a solution which efficiently meets the building’s heating or heating and cooling demand whilst delivering an optimum indoor climate for occupants.

= Emitter types suitable for heating only projects =

Any hydronic emitter can be specified with a heat pump i.e. underfloor heating, radiators, fan convection radiators, thermal skirts, fan coils and trench heating - as long as they are designed to work with low temperature systems. Other considerations that might impact selection include level of controllability (whether the system needs be driven centrally or room by room), and aesthetics, which could be driven by the available wall or room space.

= Emitter types suitable for heating and cooling designs =

Where heating and cooling is required then the emitter choices are reduced to two and four pipe fan coil units, fan coil convectors and four pipe trench heating systems.

These are not restricted by the heat pump but rather by the products available which can deliver both functions. Underfloor heating is generally a heating only option within the UK market, as cooling has the potential to cause a build-up of condensation over time.

Heat pumps can be designed to ensure a temperate indoor environment and when partnered with the right emitters can offer increased efficiencies and cost savings.

-----
For more information on the range of commercial heat pumps and fan coil technology GDHV offer, or to discuss your next project in greater detail [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/gdhv-support contact our team of experts who can further assist you.] Otherwise to arrange one of our [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/sites/default/files/d1616_gd_cpd_prospectus_broch_a4_final_2.pdf CIBSE accredited CPDs] which offer advice on heat pump and fan coil design and specification, [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/gdhv-support contact] our in-house team to be put in contact with your regional expert.

This article was originally published on 20 March 2020.

--[[User:Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation|Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation]] 15:03, 09 Aug 2021 (BST)

= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =

* [[Heat_pump|Heat pump.]]

[[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Do_not_autolink]] [[Category:Design]]

Comfort cooling in city-based apartments

2021-10-08T10:31:45Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation: Protected "Comfort cooling in city-based apartments" ([edit=author] (indefinite) [move=author] (indefinite))

{|
| [[File:Woman_city_view.png|link=File:Woman_city_view.png]]
|}

= Introduction =

What are the considerations for comfort cooling in city-based apartments?

The main commercial considerations for specifying comfort cooling in city-based apartments include:

* Specifying one HVAC solution or a separate cooling system
* System modelling and capital cost
* Energy efficiency
* Noise levels, user comfort and control
* Central plant space and maximising the footprint of a building
* Long-term costs
* Environmental impact and public perception

As global temperatures continue to rise, comfort cooling is becoming increasingly popular in the UK, and this trend is evident in the growing demand for city-based apartments with effective cooling systems in place. These types of properties are commanding an additional premium on both the sales and rental markets, and so it makes sense to maximise this premium through specifying solutions that could add value to the development and maximise user comfort.

= Apartment specific systems =

The variety of comfort cooling solutions available on the market now includes the innovative [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/heat-pumps/low-temperature-networks Zeroth Energy System] by Glen Dimplex Heating and Ventilation (GDHV). Designed in cooperation with leading UK developers, this solution helps to overcome the specific challenges of city based apartments.

The Zeroth Energy System is an ambient energy network of water-to-water heat pumps within each apartment connected to a central plant capable of delivering hot water, heating and comfort cooling. The system was designed specifically to tackle the challenges around overheating and the resulting energy inefficiencies that are most visible in multi-occupancy buildings.

The growing challenge of overheating in buildings is amplified by increasing urbanisation. Properties in cities tend to suffer most from the effects of heat loss from traditional ‘high temperature’ heating systems being trapped by the highly thermally efficient building envelope. The result is overheating in corridors and communal spaces and eventually in apartments, requiring additional cooling or ventilation.

The tight confines of busy city streets can limit efforts to mitigate overheating through design. External factors - such as noise or air pollution - often restrict the use of windows and occupiers are naturally looking for comfort cooling measures when renting or purchasing properties to increase the air quality and their thermal comforts. Passive cooling may meet some of the cooling demand, but in many cases, it can’t reduce the internal temperature of a dwelling to comfortable levels alone.

Not addressing overheating in a building and the relevant comfort cooling requirements at the design stage may require either a complete cooling system retrofit or post completion alterations to increase ventilation rates. Both can be costly and cause unwelcome disruption for the occupiers

= One HVAC solution or a separate cooling system =

Considering the type of cooling and the overall HVAC system design is essential in the context of maximising short and long term financial benefits.

Successful integration of numerous separate solutions into one HVAC system may impact the overall cost and delivery time, especially if multiple suppliers and contractors are involved. This should be factored into the cost analysis.

Two-pipe systems, like the Zeroth Energy System, use the same infrastructure to deliver both heating and cooling. This means less pipework, less additional technology, fewer installers, and faster installation. The faster the project is finished, the quicker it can start returning initial investments.

= System modelling and capital cost =

The comfort cooling choice should support the design, function and energy strategy of a building. Detailed system modelling is a must for the accurate estimation of the cost for cooling units, the infrastructure, such as ductworks, pipes etc., and the impact of the installation on the schedule of a project. Choosing a two-pipe solution could provide all HVAC services and offer a relatively simpler system design and more accurate modelling.

Detailed and accurate system modelling and design are also crucial to ensure the system isn’t oversized and inefficient. Oversized systems could cause issues such as unnecessarily higher capital costs that may have an impact on the overall project cost and they can suffer from inefficiencies making them more expensive in the long run.

The accuracy of system design is key, as the capital cost is likely to form the largest expense of an HVAC system.

= Energy efficiency =

Energy efficiency is a regulatory requirement and an important commercial factor. The transition to a low carbon economy means fast changing regulations that are likely to phase out inefficient HVAC systems and also gas operated systems. Although perhaps cheaper to install and run today, these will require retrofit in the future. It is also important to consider that energy-efficient, low carbon technologies are growing in popularity, and inevitably in demand, as the public perception of climate change and our attitudes toward carbon emissions change.

Installation of the Zeroth Energy System can greatly improve the energy strategy of a building. When used within SAP 2012, the Zeroth Energy System, in conjunction with an air source heat pump (ASHP), can offer efficiencies up to 300% and help reduce building carbon emissions significantly. To read more on how the Zeroth Energy System helps complete the green living arrangement in London’s Church Road development, click here.

= Noise levels, user comfort and control =

User comfort, availability of intelligent controls and low noise levels are major factors that impact occupant experience. Occupant satisfaction inevitably impacts the value of dwellings and the choice of HVAC system should reflect this.

Intelligent controls are becoming a common feature in modern households, with an emphasis on controls that integrate multiple functions such as heating, cooling and ventilation whilst offering wireless connection for convenience. The Zeroth Energy System is available with a full variety of controls for user convenience and also for transparency and the control of energy expenditure. The system has the flexibility to integrate with almost all other types of controls on the market and with building management systems (BMS). This offers unprecedented freedom of specification and added value through better building level control and maintenance. It is worth exploring all control options of the chosen HVAC system from the outset as these add value and help futureproof development.

Occupants should never face the choice between acceptable noise level and thermal comfort. The design of the Zeroth Energy System minimises sound loss. The system performs at 4-5 decibels lower than other solutions on the market, making the operating noise of the system almost undetectable.

= Central plant space and maximising the usable space in a building =

Specification of a cooling system may generally require an increase in the size of the plant and could command additional space for the cooling units, the infrastructure, or both. The Zeroth Energy System mitigates this issue by using the same pipes and plant, only requiring cooling emitters to provide comfort cooling.

The efficient system design of the Zeroth Energy System as an ambient network frees up both plant space and space in the building. Building footprints can be maximised with larger living areas or extra dwellings. This means larger project profit, especially in a city landscape where space is at a premium.

= Long term costs of comfort cooling systems =

Maintenance and servicing are costs that will impact a system’s lifetime cost, efficiency, and user satisfaction; criteria that make both sales and rental properties attractive to buyers and occupiers. Single HVAC systems are generally simpler to maintain and have a longer life span, and intelligent building management systems can expedite servicing and streamline maintenance. As a result, the overall service and maintenance costs are reduced, and end-user experience can be drastically improved.

As with any purchase, it is important to query the product and if possible, see it installed in similar settings. The Zeroth Energy System has been installed and can be seen working on a functional rig that replicates residential settings with a variety of rooms and emitters. The Zeroth Energy System comes with two year warranty and maintenance and there are options that extend this to five years. Warranty and maintenance options need to be considered when setting out the long-term costs, especially in build to rent settings.

= Environmental impact and public perception =

Although efforts are being made to electrify the grid and introduce legislation to help achieve net-zero carbon buildings by 2050, it is vital that the cooling technology specified is Part L compliant. The commercial reality is that many air conditioning technologies will create additional building energy loads that may translate into additional costs and an increase in carbon emissions. In comparison, cooling is a reverse cycle of all heat pump technology. This means cooling using low carbon technology of heat pumps can be provided efficiently and through the same infrastructure as heating. The significant shift in public perception of climate change and carbon emissions, especially in the past year, is likely to mean that properties designed around efficient low carbon technology and use of renewables will simply be the preferred choice for many occupants.

GDHV can advise with various aspects of specification, design and technical support. If you would like to find out more about the [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/heat-pumps/low-temperature-networks Zeroth Energy System] or discuss how it can be implemented in your next project, please [https://www.gdhv.co.uk/gdhv-support contact] our team of experts. Our case studies offer more information on projects which have incorporated the Zeroth Energy System.

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This article was written by [[User:Glen_Dimplex_Heating_%26_Ventilation|Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation]] 14:57, 09 Aug 2021 (BST)

[[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Do_not_autolink]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Active House

2021-10-07T08:35:05Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation:

[[File:ActiveHouse.jpeg]]

= Introduction =

In 2011, representatives from around the world and across the construction sector, collaborated to develop strategies that would deliver holistic buildings that could be healthier for their occupants and more beneficial to the environment.

= Principles =

The Active House principles have been applied to different types of buildings including residential, academic, commercial and others. The primary goal of an Active House structure is to provide a beneficial indoor environment with an emphasis on the user. Increased daylight and climate control are seen as key contributors to the mood and performance of building occupants and are essential in Active House designs.

Additional considerations include energy efficiency, water conservation and sustainable materials. For the thought leaders associated with Active House, buildings are seen as ecosystems that should be self sustaining.

= Nine key factors =

Three primary principles - comfort, energy and environment - are the driving factors behind Active House. Within these principles, there are nine factors, each with qualitative and quantitative components.

Comfort:

* Daylight.
* Thermal environment.
* Indoor air quality.
* Acoustic quality.

Energy:

* Energy demand.
* Energy supply.
* Primary energy performance.

Environment:

* Sustainable construction.
* Freshwater consumption.

An Active House radar diagram maps these factors and can be used to illustrate how each has an impact on the other and how this influences the eventual outcome of the proposed design.

= Active House, not Passivhaus =

As the name implies, Active House is about actively taking the initiative to do whatever is possible to deliver desirable outcomes for building occupants. It is a holistic approach to design. This is seen as a contrast to the Passivhaus approach, which stresses the significance of heating and cooling.

Developed in Germany in the early 1990s, Passivhaus suggest that, 'A Passivhaus is a building, for which thermal comfort can be achieved solely by post-heating or post-cooling of the fresh air mass, which is required to achieve sufficient indoor air quality conditions – without the need for additional recirculation of air.’

= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =

* Aktivplus.
* An Introduction to Passive House - review.
* Code for sustainable homes
* BREEAM.
* Fabric first.
* Green deal.
* Home Quality Mark.
* Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design.
* Passivhaus
* Sustainability.
* VELUX.
* Zero carbon homes.

= External resources =

* Active House, [https://www.activehouse.info/active-house-for-dummies/ Active House for dummies.]
* [https://www.activehouse.info/submit-your-project/create-a-radar/ Create an Active House radar.]

[[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:DCN_Project_Knowledge]] [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Active House

2021-10-07T08:32:01Z

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation:

[[File:ActiveHouse.jpg]]

= Introduction =

In 2011, representatives from around the world and across the construction sector, collaborated to develop strategies that would deliver holistic buildings that could be healthier for their occupants and more beneficial to the environment.

= Principles =

The Active House principles have been applied to different types of buildings including residential, academic, commercial and others. The primary goal of an Active House structure is to provide a beneficial indoor environment with an emphasis on the user. Increased daylight and climate control are seen as key contributors to the mood and performance of building occupants and are essential in Active House designs.

Additional considerations include energy efficiency, water conservation and sustainable materials. For the thought leaders associated with Active House, buildings are seen as ecosystems that should be self sustaining.

= Nine key factors =

Three primary principles - comfort, energy and environment - are the driving factors behind Active House. Within these principles, there are nine factors, each with qualitative and quantitative components.

Comfort:

* Daylight.
* Thermal environment.
* Indoor air quality.
* Acoustic quality.

Energy:

* Energy demand.
* Energy supply.
* Primary energy performance.

Environment:

* Sustainable construction.
* Freshwater consumption.

An Active House radar diagram maps these factors and can be used to illustrate how each has an impact on the other and how this influences the eventual outcome of the proposed design.

= Active House, not Passivhaus =

As the name implies, Active House is about actively taking the initiative to do whatever is possible to deliver desirable outcomes for building occupants. It is a holistic approach to design. This is seen as a contrast to the Passivhaus approach, which stresses the significance of heating and cooling.

Developed in Germany in the early 1990s, Passivhaus suggest that, 'A Passivhaus is a building, for which thermal comfort can be achieved solely by post-heating or post-cooling of the fresh air mass, which is required to achieve sufficient indoor air quality conditions – without the need for additional recirculation of air.’

= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =

* Aktivplus.
* An Introduction to Passive House - review.
* Code for sustainable homes
* BREEAM.
* Fabric first.
* Green deal.
* Home Quality Mark.
* Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design.
* Passivhaus
* Sustainability.
* VELUX.
* Zero carbon homes.

= External resources =

* Active House, [https://www.activehouse.info/active-house-for-dummies/ Active House for dummies.]
* [https://www.activehouse.info/submit-your-project/create-a-radar/ Create an Active House radar.]

[[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:DCN_Project_Knowledge]] [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]