Designing Buildings - User contributions [en]

BIM resources

2014-11-07T08:53:25Z

Fairsnape:

= Introduction =

This article presents a list of useful resources for Building Information Modelling (BIM). For simplicity, the items under each heading are listed alphabetically.

To add resources, click ‘Edit this article’ above, or email us at [mailto:info@designingbuildings.co.uk info@designingbuildings.co.uk], or click 'Submit comment' at the bottom of the page.

= Definitions =
*[http://bimblog.bondbryan.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/30001-BIM-acronyms.pdf BIM acronyms], Bond Bryan Architects, 2014.
*[http://bimblog.bondbryan.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/30004-BIM-dictionary.pdf BIM dictionary], Bond Bryan Architects, 2014.
*[[BIM%20glossary%20of%20terms|Glossary of terms]], Designing Buildings Wiki.

= Standards =
*[http://www.bimtaskgroup.org/bim-faqs/ BIM maturity levels]. BIM Task Group FAQ's Para 16.
*[http://www.cpic.org.uk/publications/bs-11922007/ BS 1192:2007 Collaborative production of architectural, engineering and construction information. Code of practice]. British Standards Institution, 2007.
*[http://shop.bsigroup.com/forms/BS-1192-4/ BS 1192-4:2014, Collaborative production of information Part 4: Fulfilling employer’s information exchange requirements using COBie – Code of practice], British Standards Institution, September 2014.
*[http://www.bimtaskgroup.org/cobie-uk-2012/ Construction Operations Building Information Exchange] (COBie UK 2012). BIM Task Group.
*[http://bimforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/2013-LOD-Specification.pdf Level of development specification], BIM Forum, August 2013.
*[http://shop.bsigroup.com/Navigate-by/PAS/PAS-1192-22013/ PAS 1192-2:2013 Specification for information management for the capital/delivery phase of construction projects using building information modelling]. British Standards Institution, February 2013.
*[http://shop.bsigroup.com/forms/PASs/PAS-1192-3/?utm_source=PM-STAN-LAU-BUIL-PAS1192-3-REG-1403&utm_medium=et_mail&utm_content=3727386&utm_campaign=Construction%20e-shots%202014&utm_term=PAS+1192-3 PAS 1192-3 Specification for information management for the operational phase of construction projects using building information modelling], British Standards Institution 2013.
*[http://shop.bsigroup.com/en/Navigate-by/PAS/PAS-91-2013/ PAS 91 2013 Construction prequalification questionnaires]. British Standards Institution March 2013.
*[http://www.cpic.org.uk/uniclass/ Uniclass / Uniclass 2]. Construction Project Information Committee.

= Protocols =
*[http://aecuk.wordpress.com/documents/ AEC (UK) BIM Protocols]. AEC (UK).
*[http://www.aia.org/contractdocs/training/bim/aias078742 American Institute of Architects Document E202- BIM Protocol], American Institute of Architects, 2013.
*[http://cic.org.uk/download.php?f=the-bim-protocol.pdf CIC Building Information Model (BIM) Protocol]. Construction Industry Council / BIM Pro, 2013.

= Templates =
*[http://www.cpic.org.uk/cpix/cpix-bim-assessment-file/ CPIx - BIM Assessment Form]. (Based on working documentation provided by Skanska). CPIx v1.0 24 February 2011.
*[http://www.cpic.org.uk/cpix/cpix-bim-execution-plan/ Post Contract-Award Building Information Modelling (BIM) Execution Plan (BEP)], Construction Project Information Committee, R1 March 2013.
*[http://www.cpic.org.uk/cpix/cpix-bim-execution-plan/ Pre-Contract Building Information Modelling (BIM) Execution Plan (BEP)], Construction Project Information Committee, v2.0 April 2013.

= Government guidance =
*[http://www.bimtaskgroup.org/bim-eirs/ Employer’s Information Requirements, Core Content and Guidance Notes], BIM Task Group, 2013.
*[http://www.bimtaskgroup.org/exemplar-process-maps/ Exemplar process maps]. BIM Task Group.
*[http://www.bimtaskgroup.org/scope-of-services-for-information-management/ Outline Scope of Services for the Role of Information Management]. BIM Task Group.

= Other guidance =
*[http://aecuk.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/aecukcadstandardsforlayernaming-v3-01.pdf AEC (UK) CAD Standard A practical & pragmatic standard for the Architectural, Engineering and Construction industry in the UK], AEC (UK), August 2011.
*[http://aecuk.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/aecukmodelfilenaminghandbook-v2-4.pdf AEC (UK) cad standard for model file naming, A unified CAD Standard for the Architectural, Engineering and Construction industry in the UK. Model File Naming Handbook v2.4], AEC (UK), 2005.
*[http://www.cic.org.uk/publications/ Best Practice Guide for Professional Indemnity Insurance when using BIM]. Construction Industry Council, 2013.
*[[BIM%20articles|BIM articles]], Designing Buildings Wiki.
*[http://www.architecture.com/Files/RIBAProfessionalServices/Practice/General/BIMOverlaytotheRIBAOutlinePlanofWork2007.pdf BIM Overlay to the RIBA Outline Plan of Work]. RIBA May 2012.
*[http://www.cpic.org.uk/publications/a-standard-framework-guide-to-bs-1192/ Building Information Management. A Standard Framework and Guide to BS 1192], Construction Project Information Committee, 2010.
*[http://www.theiet.org/sectors/built-environment/design/bim-cyber-security.cfm Building Information Modelling (BIM): Addressing the Cyber Security Issues, The Institution of Engineering and Technology], 2014.
*[http://cic.org.uk/services/the-cic-scope-of-services.php CIC Scope of Services]. Construction Industry Council.
*[http://www.cpic.org.uk/publications/deliverables-strategy/ Cross-discipline Design Deliverables for BIM: Phase 1 report – Strategy Document], Construction Project Information Committee, Undated.
*[http://www.landscapeinstitute.org/knowledge/BIMOpenProject.php Landscape institute, BIM].
*[http://www.rics.org/uk/tag/bim/ RICS BIM].
*[http://www.landscapeinstitute.co.uk/PDF/Contribute/02-13SoftwareConsiderations.pdf Software Considerations for Engaging with Building Information Modelling (BIM)], Landscape Institute, Technical Advice Note 02/13, May 2013.

= Organisations =
*[https://aecuk.wordpress.com/ AEC UK].
*[[Www.be2camp.com|Be2Camp]][http://be2camp.com/ .]
*[http://www.bimforum.org/ BIM Forum].
*[http://bimtalk.co.uk/ BIM Talk].
*[http://www.bimtaskgroup.org/ BIM Task Group].
*[http://www.cic.org.uk/ Construction Industry Council].
*[http://www.cpic.org.uk/ Construction Project Information Committee].
*[https://www.ibc-bim.ca/ IBC, Institute for BIM in Canada].
*[http://ckegroup.org/bim.html ThinkBIM]

= Reports =
*[http://www.bimtaskgroup.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/BIS-BIM-strategy-Report.pdf A report for the Government Construction Client Group Building Information Modelling (BIM) Working Party Strategy Paper], BIM Task Group, March 2011.
*[http://www.bimtaskgroup.org/reports/ BIM Related Reports]. BIM Task Group.
*[http://www.citb.co.uk/documents/about-us/what%20we%20do/devevlopment%20fund%20info/bim_survey_report_2013.pdf Client Readiness Survey, Interim Report], NFB Business & Skills, November 2013.
*[http://www.thenbs.com/topics/BIM/articles/nbs-national-bim-report-2014.asp NBS BIM Survey] 2014.
*[http://www.thenbs.com/topics/BIM/cobie/ The IFC/COBie Report 2012], nbs and the Open BIM Network, 2012.

= Find out more =

=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===
*[[Bim|BIM]].
*[[BIM%20articles|BIM articles]].
*[[BIM%20glossary%20of%20terms|BIM glossary of terms]].
*[[BIM%20maturity%20levels|BIM maturity levels]].
*[[BIM%20Task%20Group|BIM Task Group]].
*[[Construction%20Operations%20Building%20Information%20Exchange|Construction Operations Building Information Exchange (COBie)]].
*[[Government%20construction%20strategy|Government Construction Strategy]].
*[[Government%20soft%20landings|Government Soft Landings]].
*[[Level%20of%20detail%20for%20BIM|Level of detail]].
*[[PAS%201192-2%3A2013|PAS 1192-2:2013]].
*[[PAS%201192-3%3A2014|PAS 1192-3:2014]].

[[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]]
[[Category:Design]]
[[Category:Site_Information]]

BIM resources

2014-11-07T08:50:39Z

Fairsnape:

= Introduction =

This article presents a list of useful resources for Building Information Modelling (BIM). For simplicity, the items under each heading are listed alphabetically.

To add resources, click ‘Edit this article’ above, or email us at [mailto:info@designingbuildings.co.uk info@designingbuildings.co.uk], or click 'Submit comment' at the bottom of the page.

= Definitions =
*[http://bimblog.bondbryan.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/30001-BIM-acronyms.pdf BIM acronyms], Bond Bryan Architects, 2014.
*[http://bimblog.bondbryan.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/30004-BIM-dictionary.pdf BIM dictionary], Bond Bryan Architects, 2014.
*[[BIM%20glossary%20of%20terms|Glossary of terms]], Designing Buildings Wiki.

= Standards =
*[http://www.bimtaskgroup.org/bim-faqs/ BIM maturity levels]. BIM Task Group FAQ's Para 16.
*[http://www.cpic.org.uk/publications/bs-11922007/ BS 1192:2007 Collaborative production of architectural, engineering and construction information. Code of practice]. British Standards Institution, 2007.
*[http://shop.bsigroup.com/forms/BS-1192-4/ BS 1192-4:2014, Collaborative production of information Part 4: Fulfilling employer’s information exchange requirements using COBie – Code of practice], British Standards Institution, September 2014.
*[http://www.bimtaskgroup.org/cobie-uk-2012/ Construction Operations Building Information Exchange] (COBie UK 2012). BIM Task Group.
*[http://bimforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/2013-LOD-Specification.pdf Level of development specification], BIM Forum, August 2013.
*[http://shop.bsigroup.com/Navigate-by/PAS/PAS-1192-22013/ PAS 1192-2:2013 Specification for information management for the capital/delivery phase of construction projects using building information modelling]. British Standards Institution, February 2013.
*[http://shop.bsigroup.com/forms/PASs/PAS-1192-3/?utm_source=PM-STAN-LAU-BUIL-PAS1192-3-REG-1403&utm_medium=et_mail&utm_content=3727386&utm_campaign=Construction%20e-shots%202014&utm_term=PAS+1192-3 PAS 1192-3 Specification for information management for the operational phase of construction projects using building information modelling], British Standards Institution 2013.
*[http://shop.bsigroup.com/en/Navigate-by/PAS/PAS-91-2013/ PAS 91 2013 Construction prequalification questionnaires]. British Standards Institution March 2013.
*[http://www.cpic.org.uk/uniclass/ Uniclass / Uniclass 2]. Construction Project Information Committee.

= Protocols =
*[http://aecuk.wordpress.com/documents/ AEC (UK) BIM Protocols]. AEC (UK).
*[http://www.aia.org/contractdocs/training/bim/aias078742 American Institute of Architects Document E202- BIM Protocol], American Institute of Architects, 2013.
*[http://cic.org.uk/download.php?f=the-bim-protocol.pdf CIC Building Information Model (BIM) Protocol]. Construction Industry Council / BIM Pro, 2013.

= Templates =
*[http://www.cpic.org.uk/cpix/cpix-bim-assessment-file/ CPIx - BIM Assessment Form]. (Based on working documentation provided by Skanska). CPIx v1.0 24 February 2011.
*[http://www.cpic.org.uk/cpix/cpix-bim-execution-plan/ Post Contract-Award Building Information Modelling (BIM) Execution Plan (BEP)], Construction Project Information Committee, R1 March 2013.
*[http://www.cpic.org.uk/cpix/cpix-bim-execution-plan/ Pre-Contract Building Information Modelling (BIM) Execution Plan (BEP)], Construction Project Information Committee, v2.0 April 2013.

= Government guidance =
*[http://www.bimtaskgroup.org/bim-eirs/ Employer’s Information Requirements, Core Content and Guidance Notes], BIM Task Group, 2013.
*[http://www.bimtaskgroup.org/exemplar-process-maps/ Exemplar process maps]. BIM Task Group.
*[http://www.bimtaskgroup.org/scope-of-services-for-information-management/ Outline Scope of Services for the Role of Information Management]. BIM Task Group.

= Other guidance =
*[http://aecuk.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/aecukcadstandardsforlayernaming-v3-01.pdf AEC (UK) CAD Standard A practical & pragmatic standard for the Architectural, Engineering and Construction industry in the UK], AEC (UK), August 2011.
*[http://aecuk.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/aecukmodelfilenaminghandbook-v2-4.pdf AEC (UK) cad standard for model file naming, A unified CAD Standard for the Architectural, Engineering and Construction industry in the UK. Model File Naming Handbook v2.4], AEC (UK), 2005.
*[http://www.cic.org.uk/publications/ Best Practice Guide for Professional Indemnity Insurance when using BIM]. Construction Industry Council, 2013.
*[[BIM%20articles|BIM articles]], Designing Buildings Wiki.
*[http://www.architecture.com/Files/RIBAProfessionalServices/Practice/General/BIMOverlaytotheRIBAOutlinePlanofWork2007.pdf BIM Overlay to the RIBA Outline Plan of Work]. RIBA May 2012.
*[http://www.cpic.org.uk/publications/a-standard-framework-guide-to-bs-1192/ Building Information Management. A Standard Framework and Guide to BS 1192], Construction Project Information Committee, 2010.
*[http://www.theiet.org/sectors/built-environment/design/bim-cyber-security.cfm Building Information Modelling (BIM): Addressing the Cyber Security Issues, The Institution of Engineering and Technology], 2014.
*[http://cic.org.uk/services/the-cic-scope-of-services.php CIC Scope of Services]. Construction Industry Council.
*[http://www.cpic.org.uk/publications/deliverables-strategy/ Cross-discipline Design Deliverables for BIM: Phase 1 report – Strategy Document], Construction Project Information Committee, Undated.
*[http://www.landscapeinstitute.org/knowledge/BIMOpenProject.php Landscape institute, BIM].
*[http://www.rics.org/uk/tag/bim/ RICS BIM].
*[http://www.landscapeinstitute.co.uk/PDF/Contribute/02-13SoftwareConsiderations.pdf Software Considerations for Engaging with Building Information Modelling (BIM)], Landscape Institute, Technical Advice Note 02/13, May 2013.

= Organisations =
*[https://aecuk.wordpress.com/ AEC UK].
*[[www.be2camp.com|Be2Camp]]
*[http://www.bimforum.org/ BIM Forum].
*[http://bimtalk.co.uk/ BIM Talk].
*[http://www.bimtaskgroup.org/ BIM Task Group].
*[http://www.cic.org.uk/ Construction Industry Council].
*[http://www.cpic.org.uk/ Construction Project Information Committee].
*[https://www.ibc-bim.ca/ IBC, Institute for BIM in Canada].
*[http://ckegroup.org/bim.html ThinkBIM]

= Reports =
*[http://www.bimtaskgroup.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/BIS-BIM-strategy-Report.pdf A report for the Government Construction Client Group Building Information Modelling (BIM) Working Party Strategy Paper], BIM Task Group, March 2011.
*[http://www.bimtaskgroup.org/reports/ BIM Related Reports]. BIM Task Group.
*[http://www.citb.co.uk/documents/about-us/what%20we%20do/devevlopment%20fund%20info/bim_survey_report_2013.pdf Client Readiness Survey, Interim Report], NFB Business & Skills, November 2013.
*[http://www.thenbs.com/topics/BIM/articles/nbs-national-bim-report-2014.asp NBS BIM Survey] 2014.
*[http://www.thenbs.com/topics/BIM/cobie/ The IFC/COBie Report 2012], nbs and the Open BIM Network, 2012.

= Find out more =

=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===
*[[Bim|BIM]].
*[[BIM%20articles|BIM articles]].
*[[BIM%20glossary%20of%20terms|BIM glossary of terms]].
*[[BIM%20maturity%20levels|BIM maturity levels]].
*[[BIM%20Task%20Group|BIM Task Group]].
*[[Construction%20Operations%20Building%20Information%20Exchange|Construction Operations Building Information Exchange (COBie)]].
*[[Government%20construction%20strategy|Government Construction Strategy]].
*[[Government%20soft%20landings|Government Soft Landings]].
*[[Level%20of%20detail%20for%20BIM|Level of detail]].
*[[PAS%201192-2%3A2013|PAS 1192-2:2013]].
*[[PAS%201192-3%3A2014|PAS 1192-3:2014]].

[[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]]
[[Category:Design]]
[[Category:Site_Information]]

Value engineering in building design and construction

2014-07-24T12:30:17Z

Fairsnape:

= Historical development of terms =

Value engineering is based on a methodology developed by Lawrence Miles, who worked for the General Electric Company in the USA during the Second World War. Because of the war, there were shortages of materials and certain finished products. However, manufacturing industry was running at maximum capacity, and ideas where needed to further expand production. Miles was responsible for purchasing raw materials for the General Electric Company. He came up with the idea that if he was unable to obtain one particular material, then it was necessary to obtain a replacement material which performed the same function.

This ‘value engineering’ began with a creative, team-based approach which allowed the generation of many alternatives to the existing solution. Because the General Electric Company were manufacturers, the term ‘engineering’ was seen as being more appropriate at that time, than ‘management’.

Later in the 20th century, value engineering started to spread cross the world. But because of the differences between the mentality and the behaviour of American companies compared to European companies, value engineering, as developed in the USA had to undergo some modification.

Consequently, the European Community's SPRINT programme (Strategic Programme for Innovation and Technology) adopted the term ‘value management’ as the official term. It described the same philosophical concept but in terms that were more in keeping with European management styles. The term 'value management' was also applied as a broad, high-order description which encompassed all value techniques, whether applied at a strategic or tactical level.

Commonly used value techniques are now be defined as:
*Value Management (VM). The full range of value techniques available. It is a higher order title and is not linked to a particular project stage at which value techniques may be applied.
*Value Planning (VP). Value techniques applied during the planning phases of a project.
*Value Engineering (VE). Value techniques applied during the design or ‘engineering’ phases of a project.
*Value Analysis (VA). Value techniques applied retrospectively to completed projects to analyse or audit the project’s performance.

= Methodology =

Value engineering is used to solve problems, identify and eliminate unwanted costs, while improving function and quality. The aim is to increase the value of products, satisfying the product’s performance requirements at the lowest possible cost. In construction this involves considering the availability of materials, construction methods, transportation issues, site limitations or restrictions, planning and organisation, costs, profits and so on. Benefits that can be delivered include a reduction in life cycle costs, improvement in quality, reduction of environmental impacts,and so on.

Value engineering should start at project inception where the benefits can be greatest, however the contractor may also have a significant contribution to make as long as the changes required to the contract do not affect the timescales, completion dates or incur additional costs that outweigh the savings on offer.

Value engineering involves:
*Identifying the main elements of a product, service or project.
*Analysing the functions of those elements.
*Developing alternative solutions for delivering those functions.
*Assessing the alternative solutions.
*Allocating costs to the alternative solutions.
*Developing in more detail the alternatives with the highest likelihood of success.

Value engineering is an exercise that involves most of the project team as the project develops, by selecting the most cost-effective solution. However it is about taking a wider view and looking at the selection of materials, plant, equipment and processes to see if a more cost-effective solution exists that will achieve the same project objectives.

The “results accelerators” originally proposed by [http://wendt.library.wisc.edu/miles/book/results.pdf Miles] still act a useful guides to value engineering. Key to this is remembering the relationship between cost and value – value is function divided by cost. Concentration on the function of the project or product will avoid mere cost cutting.

Result accelerators:
*Avoid generalities.
*Get all available costs.
*Use information from the best source.
*Blast, create and refine.
*Be creative.
*Identify and overcome road blocks.
*Use industry experts.
*Price key tolerances.
*Use standard products.
*Use (and pay for) expert advice.
*Use specialists processes.

The project manager must take a pro-active role in both giving direction and leadership in the value engineering process, but must also ensure that time and effort is not wasted and does not have a detrimental effect on the progress of the project.

----

The text in this article is adapted from Manuals 1, 4 and 7 of “Common Learning Outcomes for European Managers in Construction” developed within the scope of the LdV program, project number: 2009-1-PL1-LEO05-05016 published in 2008. It is reproduced here in a modified form with the kind permission of the [[User%3ACIOB|Chartered Institute of Building]].<br/>

= Value Engineering and Sustainability =

Value Engineering is concerned with adding value, not just reducing costs, it seeks optimum solutions to remove unnecessary waste*, reduce life cycle costs whilst improving function, quality and sustainability impact.

Unnecessary waste here is taken as being unnecessary cost, materials, resources, energy, water, time, plant, lead-in times, transportation, maintenance, replacement, disposal activity and costs.

Although widely used in construction as a purchasing approach to reduce costs, it is now regaining its status as a key modern project management technique:
*
for project planning and the development of Design Proposals, Project Execution, Quality and Environmental Management Plans
*
for project sustainability, addressing for example

material sustainability impact, (eg. life cycle, carbon, health and biophilic impacts)<br/>

circular economy approaches, (eg, design for de-construction and de-assembly)

low carbon solutions (eg off site assembly and production)

social impact (eg, safety, wellness, local, skills, transport, community impact)
*
Combined with supplier engagement through Last Planner or Briefing sessions it can be a powerful tool for exploring integrated and shared economy approaches (eg shared resources, labour, suppliers, deliveries)
*
Linked to BIM development to ensure optimum solutions within the BIM Model

Find out more

=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===
*Benchmarking<br/>
*Building Information Modelling.
*Budget.
*Cost plans.
*Key performance indicators.
*Overcoming difficulties in value management.
*Sustainability
*Value.
*Value management.
*Value management techniques.

[[Category:Construction_management]]
[[Category:Construction_techniques]]
[[Category:Cost_/_business_planning]]
[[Category:Design]]

User:Fairsnape

2014-07-24T12:26:46Z

Fairsnape:

Martin Brown, Fairsnape

As the founder of [[Www.fairsnape.com|Fairsnape]] Advocacy and Consulting, and as a built environment strategist, I am committed to enabling success within organisations - focusing on organisational improvement, [[PAS%2091%3A%202013|bidding]], collaborative working, [[Sustainability|sustainability]], social responsibility and social media.

<br/>An international career spans main contracting, [[Project%20management|project management]], facilities management and business improvement leadership.<br/>Now, as an independent consultant and strategist I help a wide range of organisations across the built environment sector, including individuals and organisations wishing to use social media and collaborative working to improve business performance. As the UK [[Project%20management|Living Building Challenge]] ambassador, we are bringing a new, deep green thinking into the UK to challenge current sustainability approaches.<br/>As an experienced blogger, I comment on built environment issues through award winning blog at [[Www.fairsnape.com|www.fairsnape.com]] and also contribute to many other blogs and media sources, including Guardian Sustainability Business and CSRWire. [[Www.twitter.com%2Ffairsnape|You can also find me on twitter]]<br/>I present and speak on [[Collaborative%20working|collaborative working]], sustainability, social media and organisational social responsibility themes and often represented in top influential sustainability lists such as the Eco Build 100 influential list, and the Top 50 CSR Green Birds List<br/>In 2008 we co-founded [[Www.Be2camp.com|www.Be2camp.com]]Be2camp, a social media and web2 advocacy for built environment sustainability and collaborative working. BE2 now supports and 'web enables' a growing number of organisations, awards and events.<br/>Other professional activities include chair of the Lancashire Construction Best Practice Club, chair and Fellow of the [[Benchmarking|Benchmarking]]Institute, a Constructing Excellence collaborative working champion, and co-founder of [[Www.Constructco2.com|www.Constructco2.com]], an online construction [[Carbon%20Reduction%20Commitment|carbon]] management tool.<br/>--[[Fairsnape|Fairsnape]] 22:21, 7 August 2013 (BST)<br/>

Value engineering in building design and construction

2014-07-24T12:10:36Z

Fairsnape:

= Historical development of terms =

Value engineering is based on a methodology developed by Lawrence Miles, who worked for the General Electric Company in the USA during the Second World War. Because of the war, there were shortages of materials and certain finished products. However, manufacturing industry was running at maximum capacity, and ideas where needed to further expand production. Miles was responsible for purchasing raw materials for the General Electric Company. He came up with the idea that if he was unable to obtain one particular material, then it was necessary to obtain a replacement material which performed the same function.

This ‘value engineering’ began with a creative, team-based approach which allowed the generation of many alternatives to the existing solution. Because the General Electric Company were manufacturers, the term ‘engineering’ was seen as being more appropriate at that time, than ‘management’.

Later in the 20th century, value engineering started to spread cross the world. But because of the differences between the mentality and the behaviour of American companies compared to European companies, value engineering, as developed in the USA had to undergo some modification.

Consequently, the European Community's SPRINT programme (Strategic Programme for Innovation and Technology) adopted the term ‘value management’ as the official term. It described the same philosophical concept but in terms that were more in keeping with European management styles. The term 'value management' was also applied as a broad, high-order description which encompassed all value techniques, whether applied at a strategic or tactical level.

Commonly used value techniques are now be defined as:
*Value Management (VM). The full range of value techniques available. It is a higher order title and is not linked to a particular project stage at which value techniques may be applied.
*Value Planning (VP). Value techniques applied during the planning phases of a project.
*Value Engineering (VE). Value techniques applied during the design or ‘engineering’ phases of a project.
*Value Analysis (VA). Value techniques applied retrospectively to completed projects to analyse or audit the project’s performance.

= Methodology =

Value engineering is used to solve problems, identify and eliminate unwanted costs, while improving function and quality. The aim is to increase the value of products, satisfying the product’s performance requirements at the lowest possible cost. In construction this involves considering the availability of materials, construction methods, transportation issues, site limitations or restrictions, planning and organisation, costs, profits and so on. Benefits that can be delivered include a reduction in life cycle costs, improvement in quality, reduction of environmental impacts,and so on.

Value engineering should start at project inception where the benefits can be greatest, however the contractor may also have a significant contribution to make as long as the changes required to the contract do not affect the timescales, completion dates or incur additional costs that outweigh the savings on offer.

Value engineering involves:
*Identifying the main elements of a product, service or project.
*Analysing the functions of those elements.
*Developing alternative solutions for delivering those functions.
*Assessing the alternative solutions.
*Allocating costs to the alternative solutions.
*Developing in more detail the alternatives with the highest likelihood of success.

Value engineering is an exercise that involves most of the project team as the project develops, by selecting the most cost-effective solution. However it is about taking a wider view and looking at the selection of materials, plant, equipment and processes to see if a more cost-effective solution exists that will achieve the same project objectives.

The “results accelerators” originally proposed by [http://wendt.library.wisc.edu/miles/book/results.pdf Miles] still act a useful guides to value engineering. Key to this is remembering the relationship between cost and value – value is function divided by cost. Concentration on the function of the project or product will avoid mere cost cutting.

Result accelerators:
*Avoid generalities.
*Get all available costs.
*Use information from the best source.
*Blast, create and refine.
*Be creative.
*Identify and overcome road blocks.
*Use industry experts.
*Price key tolerances.
*Use standard products.
*Use (and pay for) expert advice.
*Use specialists processes.

The project manager must take a pro-active role in both giving direction and leadership in the value engineering process, but must also ensure that time and effort is not wasted and does not have a detrimental effect on the progress of the project.

----

The text in this article is adapted from Manuals 1, 4 and 7 of “Common Learning Outcomes for European Managers in Construction” developed within the scope of the LdV program, project number: 2009-1-PL1-LEO05-05016 published in 2008. It is reproduced here in a modified form with the kind permission of the [[User%3ACIOB|Chartered Institute of Building]].<br/>

= Value Engineering and Sustainability =

Value Engineering is concerned with adding value, not just reducing costs, it seeks optimum solutions to remove unnecessary waste*, reduce life cycle costs whilst improving function, quality and sustainability impact.

* Unnecessary waste here is taken as being unnecessary cost, materials, resources, energy, water, time, plant, lead-in times, transportation, maintenance, replacement, disposal activity and costs.

Although widely used in construction as a purchasing approach to reduce costs, it is now regaining its status as a key modern project management technique:

<br/>
*for project planning and the development of Design Proposals, Project Execution, Quality and Environmental Management Plans

<br/>
*for project sustainability, addressing for example

o material sustainability impact, (eg. life cycle, carbon, health and biophilic impacts)<br/>

o circular economy approaches, (eg, design for de-construction and de-assembly)

o low carbon solutions (eg off site assembly and production)

o social impact (eg, safety, wellness, local, skills, transport, community impact)

<br/>
*Combined with supplier engagement through Last Planner or Briefing sessions it can be a powerful tool for exploring integrated and shared economy approaches (eg shared resources, labour, suppliers, deliveries)

<br/>
*Linked to BIM development to ensure optimum solutions within the BIM Model

<br/>

= Find out more =

=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===
*Benchmarking<br/>
*Building Information Modelling.
*Budget.
*Cost plans.
*Key performance indicators.
*Overcoming difficulties in value management.
*Sustainability
*Value.
*Value management.
*Value management techniques.

[[Category:Construction_management]]
[[Category:Construction_techniques]]
[[Category:Cost_/_business_planning]]
[[Category:Design]]

Living building challenge

2013-08-08T08:45:22Z

Fairsnape:

=== The Living Building Challenge (LBC) is the built environment's most challenging and rigorous building [[BREEAM|certification]] scheme, a [[green_building|green building]]philosophy and advocacy programme. ===

It calls for the creation of building projects of all scales that operate as cleanly, beautifully and efficiently as nature's architecture. <br/>

To be certified under the Challenge, projects must meet a series of ambitious performance requirements, including net zero energy, waste and water, over a minimum of 12 months of continuous occupancy.

The Challenge is comprised of seven performance areas, or ‘Petals’: Site, Water, Energy, Health, Materials, Equity and Beauty. Petals are subdivided into a total of twenty Imperatives, each of which focuses on a specific sphere of influence. This compilation of Imperatives can be applied to almost every conceivable typology, or project type, be it a building (renovation of an existing structure, or new construction), infrastructure, landscape or community development.

Flagship buildings to LBC standards include the Bullitt Centre in Seattle and the CIRS Building at University of British Columbia in Vancouver.

In 2013 a UK Living Building Challenge collaborative was formed through [[fairsnape|Martin Brown]] @fairsnape and Green Vision at Leeds Sustainability Institute. The UK collaborative is currently creating the UK Overlay to the Standard, discussing potential UK accreditation for projects with clients and promoting the Living Building Challenge through a number of programmes.

--[[User:Fairsnape|Fairsnape]] 09:45, 8 August 2013 (BST)<br/>

= Find out more =

=== External references ===
*LBC: [http://living-future.org/lbc http://living-future.org/lbc]
*Fairsnape: [http://fairsnape.com/?s=living+building+challenge http://fairsnape.com/?s=living+building+challenge]
*LSI: [http://ckehub.org/greenvision http://ckehub.org/greenvision]
*Bullitt Centre: [http://bullittcenter.org/ http://bullittcenter.org/]
*CIRS: [http://cirs.ubc.ca/ http://cirs.ubc.ca/]

[[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]]
[[Category:Construction_management]]
[[Category:Sustainability]]
[[Category:Procurement]]
[[Category:Property_development]]

User:Fairsnape

2013-08-08T08:40:23Z

Fairsnape: Protected "User:Fairsnape": profile page ([edit=author] (indefinite))

Martin Brown, Fairsnape

As the founder of [[www.fairsnape.com|Fairsnape]] Advocacy and Consulting, and as a built environment strategist, I am committed to enabling success within organisations - focusing on organisational improvement, [[PAS%2091%3A%202013|bidding]], collaborative working, [[Sustainability|sustainability]], social responsibility and social media.
<div><br/></div><div>An international career spans main contracting, [[Project%20management|project management]], facilities management and business improvement leadership.</div><div><br/></div><div>Now, as an independent consultant and strategist I help a wide range of organisations across the built environment sector, including individuals and organisations wishing to use social media and collaborative working to improve business performance. As the UK [[Project%20management|Living Building Challenge]] ambassador, we are bringing a new, deep green thinking into the UK to challenge current sustainability approaches.</div><div><br/></div><div>As an experienced blogger, I comment on built environment issues through award winning blog at [[www.fairsnape.com|www.fairsnape.com]] and also contribute to many other blogs and media sources, including Guardian Sustainability Business and CSRWire. [[www.twitter.com/fairsnape|You can also find me on twitter]]</div><div><br/></div><div>I present and speak on [[Collaborative%20working|collaborative working]], sustainability, social media and organisational social responsibility themes and often represented in top influential sustainability lists such as the Eco Build 100 influential list, and the Top 50 CSR Green Birds List</div><div><br/></div><div>In 2008 we co-founded [[www.Be2camp.com|www.Be2camp.com]]Be2camp, a social media and web2 advocacy for built environment sustainability and collaborative working. BE2 now supports and 'web enables' a growing number of organisations, awards and events.</div><div><br/></div><div>Other professional activities include chair of the Lancashire Construction Best Practice Club, chair and Fellow of the [[Benchmarking|Benchmarking]]Institute, a Constructing Excellence collaborative working champion, and co-founder of [[www.Constructco2.com|www.Constructco2.com]], an online construction [[Carbon%20Reduction%20Commitment|carbon]] management tool.</div><div><br/></div><div>--[[Fairsnape|Fairsnape]] 22:21, 7 August 2013 (BST)<br/></div>

User:Fairsnape

2013-08-08T08:39:55Z

Fairsnape:

User:Fairsnape

2013-08-07T21:30:08Z

Fairsnape:

Martin Brown, Fairsnape

As the founder of Fairsnape Advocacy and Consulting, and as a built environment strategist, I am committed to enabling success within organisations - focusing on organisational improvement, [[PAS%2091%3A%202013|bidding]], collaborative working, [[Sustainability|sustainability]], social responsibility and social media.
<div><br/></div><div>An international career spans main contracting, [[Project%20management|project management]], facilities management and business improvement leadership.</div><div><br/></div><div>Now, as an independent consultant and strategist I help a wide range of organisations across the built environment sector, including individuals and organisations wishing to use social media and collaborative working to improve business performance. As the UK [[Project%20management|Living Building Challenge]] ambassador, we are bringing a new, deep green thinking into the UK to challenge current sustainability approaches.</div><div><br/></div><div>As an experienced blogger, I comment on built environment issues through award winning blog at www.fairsnape.com and also contribute to many other blogs and media sources, including Guardian Sustainability Business and CSRWire,</div><div><br/></div><div>I present and speak on [[Collaborative%20working|collaborative working]], sustainability, social media and organisational social responsibility themes and often represented in top influential sustainability lists such as the Eco Build 100 influential list, and the Top 50 CSR Green Birds List</div><div><br/></div><div>In 2008 we co-founded Be2camp, a social media and web2 advocacy for built environment sustainability and collaborative working. BE2 now supports and 'web enables' a growing number of organisations, awards and events.</div><div><br/></div><div>Other professional activities include chair of the Lancashire Construction Best Practice Club, chair and Fellow of the [[Benchmarking|Benchmarking]]Institute, a Constructing Excellence collaborative working champion, and co-founder of ConstructCO, an online construction [[Carbon%20Reduction%20Commitment|carbon]] management tool.</div><div><br/></div><div>--[[Fairsnape|Fairsnape]] 22:21, 7 August 2013 (BST)<br/></div>

User:Fairsnape

2013-08-07T21:28:54Z

Fairsnape:

Martin Brown, Fairsnape

As the founder of Fairsnape Advocacy and Consulting, and as a built environment strategist, I am committed to enabling success within organisations - focusing on organisational improvement, [[PAS_91:_2013|bidding]], collaborative working, [[Sustainability|sustainability]], social responsibility and social media.
<div><br/></div><div>An international career spans main contracting, [[Project_management|project management]], facilities management and business improvement leadership.</div><div><br/></div><div>Now, as an independent consultant and strategist I help a wide range of organisations across the built environment sector, including individuals and organisations wishing to use social media and collaborative working to improve business performance. As the UK [[project_management|Living Building Challenge]] ambassador, we are bringing a new, deep green thinking into the UK to challenge current sustainability approaches.</div><div><br/></div><div>As an experienced blogger, I comment on built environment issues through award winning blog at www.fairsnape.com and also contribute to many other blogs and media sources, including Guardian Sustainability Business and CSRWire,</div><div><br/></div><div>I present and speak on [[Collaborative_working|collaborative working]], sustainability, social media and organisational social responsibility themes and often represented in top influential sustainability lists such as the Eco Build 100 influential list, and the Top 50 CSR Green Birds List</div><div><br/></div><div>In 2008 we co-founded Be2camp, a social media and web2 advocacy for built environment sustainability and collaborative working. BE2 now supports and 'web enables' a growing number of organisations, awards and events.</div><div><br/></div><div>Other professional activities include chair of the Lancashire Construction Best Practice Club, chair and Fellow of the [[Benchmarking|Benchmarking]]Institute, a Constructing Excellence collaborative working champion, and co-founder of ConstructCO, an online construction [[Carbon_Reduction_Commitment|carbon]] management tool.</div><div><br/></div><div>--[[Fairsnape|Fairsnape]] 22:21, 7 August 2013 (BST)<br/></div>

User:Fairsnape

2013-08-07T21:21:57Z

Fairsnape: Created page with " As the founder of Fairsnape Advocacy and Consulting, and as a built environment strategist, I am committed to enabling success within organisations - focusing on organisational..."

As the founder of Fairsnape Advocacy and Consulting, and as a built environment strategist, I am committed to enabling success within organisations - focusing on organisational improvement, bidding, collaborative working, sustainability, social responsibility and social media.
<div><br/></div><div>An international career spans main contracting, project management, facilities management and business improvement leadership. </div><div><br/></div><div>Now, as an independent consultant and strategist I help a wide range of organisations across the built environment sector, including individuals and organisations wishing to use social media and collaborative working to improve business performance. As the UK Living Building Challenge ambassador, we are bringing a new, deep green thinking into the UK to challenge current sustainability approaches. </div><div><br/></div><div>As an experienced blogger, I comment on built environment issues through award winning blog at www.fairsnape.com and also contribute to many other blogs and media sources, including Guardian Sustainability Business and CSRWire, </div><div><br/></div><div>I present and speak on collaborative working, sustainability, social media and organisational social responsibility themes and often represented in top influential sustainability lists such as the Eco Build 100 influential list, and the Top 50 CSR Green Birds List</div><div><br/></div><div>In 2008 we co-founded BE2, a social media and web2 advocacy for built environment sustainability and collaborative working. BE2 now supports and 'web enables' a growing number of organisations, awards and events. </div><div><br/></div><div>Other professional activities include chair of the Lancashire Construction Best Practice Club, chair and Fellow of the Benchmarking Institute, a Constructing Excellence collaborative working champion, and co-founder of ConstructCO, an online construction carbon management tool.</div><div><br/></div><div>--[[User:Fairsnape|Fairsnape]] 22:21, 7 August 2013 (BST)<br/></div>

PAS 91

2013-08-07T21:06:56Z

Fairsnape:

PAS 91: 2013 Construction pre-qualification questionnaires (PQQ)

PAS 91: 2013 replaces PAS 91: 2011. It provides a set of questions that can be asked by construction clients and buyers of potential contractors and suppliers as part of the pre-qualification process for construction projects.

PAS 91 is aligned to the Government Construction Strategy, contributing to the target of achieving savings in construction costs of 15-20% through the reduction of tendering costs, and is set to be mandatory for Government projects from 2016. Seen as a significant improvement on the 2011 version, it includes questions to examine competence in Building Information Modelling (BIM) and collaborative information exchange in preparation for the Government 2016 BIM mandate (requiring fully-collaborative 3D BIM on public projects with project and asset information, documentation and data being electronic, as a minimum).

Once suppliers have completed one PAS 91 questionnaire, the same set of standard responses can be used by all buyers who are PAS 91 compliant. The format also allows suppliers to share their PQQ responses with other clients and buyers through PAS 91 online portals. PAS 91 could therefore be seen as a suppliers real-time portfolio of capability and as such, it requires constant updating to ensure that responses reflect current information.

There are nine elements to PAS 91, four core modules, four optional modules and project-specific questions. Optional modules and project-specific questions are included by the buyer appropriate to the project bid.

Core modules include:
*Supplier identity.
*Financial information
*Business and professional standing.
*Health and safety.

Optional modules include:
*Equal opportunity and diversity.
*Environmental management.
*Quality management.
*Building Information Modelling.

PAS 91 heavily favours certification to ISO 9001 (Quality Management), ISO 14001 (Environmental Management) and PAS 1192 (Building Information Management). Providing these certificates scores full marks, and offers exemption from completing a large number of questions in an attempt to describe suppliers arrangements to meet these standards.

Observers note that PAS 91 can significantly improve the contracting sector on the topics of diversity, quality management, environmental management and now, Building Information Modelling, but requires a collaborative approach from construction clients and buyers to use and promote use for successful and meaningful uptake.

= Find out more =

=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===
*Common Minimum Standards.
*Government Construction Strategy.
*Invitation to tender.
*Pre qualification questionnaire.
*Procurement.
*Tender documentation.

=== External references ===
*[http://shop.bsigroup.com/en/Navigate-by/PAS/PAS-91-2013/ Bsi Shop: PAS 91: 2013].<br/>

--[[User:Fairsnape|Fairsnape]] 22:06, 7 August 2013 (BST)

[[Category:Procurement]]

PAS 91

2013-08-06T22:37:53Z

Fairsnape: Created page with " PAS 91: 2013 Construction pre-qualification questionnaires (PQQ) PAS 91: 2013, replacing PAS 91: 2011 provides a set of questions that can be asked by construction clients and..."

PAS 91: 2013 Construction pre-qualification questionnaires (PQQ)

PAS 91: 2013, replacing PAS 91: 2011 provides a set of questions that can be asked by construction clients and buyers of potential contractors suppliers as part of pre-qualification process for construction projects.<br/>

PAS 91 is aligned to the Government Construction Strategy, contributing to the target of reducing construction costs by 20% through reduction of tendering costs, and set to be mandatory for Government projects from 2016. A significant improvement from the 2011 version is the inclusion of Building Information Modelling questions to examine competence in BIM and collaborative information exchange in preparation for the Government 2016 BIM mandate.

Once suppliers have completed one PAS 91 questionnaire, the same set of standard responses can be used by all buyers who are PAS 91 compliant. The format will also allow suppliers to share their PQQ responses with other clients and buyers through PAS 91 online portals. PAS 91 could therefore be seen as a suppliers real time portfolio of capability that will require constant updating to ensure responses reflect current information.

There are nine elements to PAS 91, four core modules, four optional modules and project specific questions Optional modules and Project Specific questions are included by the buyer appropriate to the project bid. Core Modules include Supplier Identity, Financial Information, Business and Professional Standing, Health and Safety, Optional Modules include Equal Opportunity and Diversity, Environmental Management, Quality Management and Building Information Modelling.<br/>

PAS 91 heavily favours certification to ISO 9001 (Quality Management), ISO 1400 (Environmental Management) and PAS 1192 (Building Information Management). Providing these certificates scores full marks, and exemption from completing a large number of questions in an attempt to describe suppliers arrangements to meet these standards requirements.

Observers note that PAS 91 can significantly improve the contracting sector on the topics of Diversity, Quality Management, Environmental Management and of now Building Information Modelling, but requires collaborative approach from construction clients and buyers to use and promote use for successful and meaningful uptake.

<br/>

[[Category:Procurement]]

Living building challenge

2013-06-17T07:36:54Z

Fairsnape: Created page with " === The Living Building Challenge is the built environment's most challenging and rigorous building certification scheme, a green building philosophy and advocacy programme. ==..."

=== The Living Building Challenge is the built environment's most challenging and rigorous building certification scheme, a green building philosophy and advocacy programme. ===

It calls for the creation of building projects of all scales that operate as cleanly, beautifully and efficiently as nature's architecture. To be certified under the Challenge, projects must meet a series of ambitious performance requirements, including net zero energy, waste and water, over a minimum of 12 months of continuous occupancy.

The Challenge is comprised of seven performance areas, or ‘Petals’: Site, Water, Energy, Health, Materials, Equity and Beauty. Petals are subdivided into a total of twenty Imperatives, each of which focuses on a specific sphere of influence. This compilation of Imperatives can be applied to almost every conceivable Typology, or project type, be it a building (both renovation of an existing structure, or new construction), infrastructure, landscape or community development.

Flagship buildings to LBC standards include the Bullitt Centre in Seattle and the CIRS Building at University of British Columbia in Vancouver

In 2013 a UK Living Building Challenge collaborative was formed through Martin Brown @fairsnape and Green Vision at Leeds Sustainability Institute. The UK collaborative is currently creating the UK Overlay to the Standard, discussing potential UK accreditation projects with clients and promoting the Living Building Challenge through a number of programmes.

Links: <br/>

LBC: [http://living-future.org/lbc http://living-future.org/lbc]

Fairsnape: [http://fairsnape.com/?s=living+building+challenge http://fairsnape.com/?s=living+building+challenge]

LSI: [http://ckehub.org/greenvision http://ckehub.org/greenvision]

Bullitt Centre

CIRS

[[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]]
[[Category:Construction_management]]
[[Category:Sustainability]]
[[Category:Procurement]]
[[Category:Property_development]]