Designing Buildings - User contributions [en]

How springs work

2019-10-30T16:32:15Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd:

Springs are an incredible feat of engineering, and life wouldn’t be quite the same without them. Used in the vast majority of products and technology we utilise in day to day life, springs are relatively simple, but you may be wondering just how do they work?

== [[File:Spring.jpg|link=File:Spring.jpg]] ==

== How Does A Spring Operate? ==

As a spring’s wire is bent, energy will be used in the process, some of which will be stored within the spring. When the energy is stored within the spring, this is referred to as a ‘prestressed’ spring. As you wind a spring more and more, you’ll find that it becomes far easier to squeeze and stretch the material, this is because the atoms found in the material are being moved out of their usual position, making the material more receptive to manipulation.

As you may have guessed, springs are fantastic at storing and absorbing energy. That’s why the tighter a spring is, the more energy is required to move it – although it’s worth noting that once the energy has been expended in order to deform the spring, this energy is not lost, it is stored as potential energy within the spring. Essentially this means, when the tightly coiled spring is next released, all of the energy that was used to coil up the spring will be released.

The best way to think the whole process is outlined in Robert Hooke’s 1678 book ‘Lectures de Potentia Restitutiva, Or Of Spring Explaining the Power of Springing Bodies‘, where he states that the more you stretch a spring, the longer it gets, the more work you do, and the more energy it stores.

Springs are made of a whole host of materials that are used to create springs – the most common of which is steel alloys. Although it’s worth knowing that the following materials can also be used to create springs:

* Stainless Steel
* Copper
* Bronze
* Titanium
* Rubber

[[File:Metal.jpg|link=File:Metal.jpg]]

== What Type of Springs Are Available? ==

Currently there are three main types of springs available on the market, they are:

* Extension – Extension springs have touching coils, allowing them to separate when pulled apart, which makes them stretch. E.g. extension springs are used in trampolines.
* Compression – Commonly used in mattresses, compression springs work in the opposite way to that of extension springs. The spaces between each coil allow the spring to absorb energy when it’s pushed together by an external force.
* Torsion – Designed to allow each coil to twist tighter together when a force is applied, torsion springs are often referred to as ‘pop-up’ springs. Torsion springs are commonly used in digital cameras and CD players.

[[Category:Education]]

How springs work

2019-10-30T16:31:44Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd: Created page with "Springs are an incredible feat of engineering, and life wouldn’t be quite the same without them. Used in the vast majority of products and technology we utilise in day to day l..."

Springs are an incredible feat of engineering, and life wouldn’t be quite the same without them. Used in the vast majority of products and technology we utilise in day to day life, springs are relatively simple, but you may be wondering just how do they work?

== [[File:Spring.jpg]] ==

== How Does A Spring Operate? ==

As a spring’s wire is bent, energy will be used in the process, some of which will be stored within the spring. When the energy is stored within the spring, this is referred to as a ‘prestressed’ spring. As you wind a spring more and more, you’ll find that it becomes far easier to squeeze and stretch the material, this is because the atoms found in the material are being moved out of their usual position, making the material more receptive to manipulation.

As you may have guessed, springs are fantastic at storing and absorbing energy. That’s why the tighter a spring is, the more energy is required to move it – although it’s worth noting that once the energy has been expended in order to deform the spring, this energy is not lost, it is stored as potential energy within the spring. Essentially this means, when the tightly coiled spring is next released, all of the energy that was used to coil up the spring will be released.

The best way to think the whole process is outlined in Robert Hooke’s 1678 book ‘Lectures de Potentia Restitutiva, Or Of Spring Explaining the Power of Springing Bodies‘, where he states that the more you stretch a spring, the longer it gets, the more work you do, and the more energy it stores.

Springs are made of a whole host of materials that are used to create springs – the most common of which is steel alloys. Although it’s worth knowing that the following materials can also be used to create springs:

* Stainless Steel
* Copper
* Bronze
* Titanium
* Rubber

[[File:Metal.jpg]]

== What Type of Springs Are Available? ==

Currently there are three main types of springs available on the market, they are:

* Extension – Extension springs have touching coils, allowing them to separate when pulled apart, which makes them stretch. E.g. extension springs are used in trampolines.
* Compression – Commonly used in mattresses, compression springs work in the opposite way to that of extension springs. The spaces between each coil allow the spring to absorb energy when it’s pushed together by an external force.
* Torsion – Designed to allow each coil to twist tighter together when a force is applied, torsion springs are often referred to as ‘pop-up’ springs. Torsion springs are commonly used in digital cameras and CD players.

[[Category:Education]]

File:Metal.jpg

2019-10-30T16:30:56Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd:

File:Spring.jpg

2019-10-30T16:29:45Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd:

Lockable Gas Springs

2019-03-15T16:16:22Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd: Created page with "There are many types of Gas Springs available on the market today, from Conventional Gas Springs to End Fittings. In this article, we will be focusing on one of the most useful t..."

There are many types of Gas Springs available on the market today, from Conventional Gas Springs to End Fittings. In this article, we will be focusing on one of the most useful types of Gas Springs, the Lockable Gas Spring.

Lockable Gas Springs allow for reliable maintenance of structures and come in a whole host of sizes and forces. A standard Lockable Gas Spring will have a force ranging between 200N to 1000N, strokes from 15mm to 210mm and a number of different release mechanisms.

[[File:Lockable Gas Spring.jpg]]

== Advantages of Lockable Gas Springs ==

The main advantage that Lockable Gas Springs offer over other types of springs is actually in the name, they lock in place. Once this type of spring is locked, there is absolutely no room for manoeuvrability, which makes them perfect for a whole host of projects and applications.

The main difference between a normal gas spring and a Lockable Gas Spring is that they allow a rod to be locked into place at any point during the spring’s movement. This is typically enabled by a plunger that depresses and releases to free or impede the rod as required.

== Uses of Lockable Gas Springs ==

Lockable Gas Springs are perfect for any constructions which require significant force. For example, gas springs are used in adjustable tables, chair seats and desks for office equipment. They are also used in many forms of gym machinery, control panels and even in patient’s beds and hospital equipment.

There is a selection of rods for different requirements, so the type of rod you will need for your Lockable Gas Springs completely depends on the purpose you have in mind for utilising them.

The three types of rods include flexible, rigid in tension or rigid in compression.

* Flexible rods are resistant when push or pull forces are in play
* Rigid in tension have no flexibility during pull forces but are flexible during push forces
* Rigid in compression have no flexibility during push forces but flexible during pull forces.

[[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]]

File:Lockable Gas Spring.jpg

2019-03-15T16:13:59Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd:

Compression vs Wave Springs

2018-10-24T14:30:18Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd: Created page with "Springs are at work in almost every aspect of our modern-day life, right down to the trainers we run in. Both compression and wave springs are two of the most useful springs to b..."

Springs are at work in almost every aspect of our modern-day life, right down to the trainers we run in. Both compression and wave springs are two of the most useful springs to be invented, which makes them worthy of comparison.

== Hooke’s Law ==

The force needed to extend or compress a spring is linear with the distance by which the spring is made to compress or extend.

F=kx

F: Force applied to spring

K: Stiffness of spring

X: Difference between spring’s original height and height after Force is applied.

This law can be used to calculate the potential of springs (and some other elastic bodies), which has led to springs being applied more in inventions and everyday life since this law’s publication in 1678. Hooke’s law can be applied to both compression and wave springs, so the two springs are the same in this regard.

== Introduction to Compression Springs ==

Out of all the springs to ever be invented, the compression spring was one of the first, and because of its wide use, it is also one of the most studied.

Compression springs are named after the problem they were created to solve – compression. When the spring is put under pressure, it ‘compresses’ or becomes temporarily shorter. On the removal of the pressure, the compression spring regains its previous height. Springs are made to ‘spring back’ to their original forms, and as a result, they push back against pressures. The ability to push back against pressure is very useful, and so compression springs have been used in door locks and mechanical clocks.

== Use of Compression Springs ==

Some popular devices that utilise compression springs are in pens, pacemakers, oil rigs and suspension systems. Compression springs have a wide range of uses, and their size will depend on their application. Pacemakers require very small springs, whereas oil rigs use much larger springs.

== Types of Compression Springs ==

Compression springs come in a variety of shapes, including conical, hourglass and barrel-shapes. Each different type of compression spring is used for a different purpose. Conical springs, for example, can collapse their coils into their centre so they take up less room when compressed. Hourglass and barrel springs offer more stability than regular compression springs. The type of compression spring you require will depend on the type of project you are looking to undertake.

[[File:Tiny little spring.jpg]]

== Introduction to Wave Springs ==

Wave springs are a relatively new invention compared to the 600-year-old compression spring. The first pseudo-wave-spring was stamped around fifty years ago as a flat washer. Since then, wave springs have been in the process of being perfected and can currently be substituted for most uses of compression springs, with cost-savings to be made in the long run, as they use less space than compression springs.

== Types of Wave Springs ==

There are two types of wave spring: tension wave springs, made for loads to be attached, and compression wave springs, which are the most common type. The spring potential of a wave spring can be adjusted through a variety of factors, including wire thickness, number of waves per rotation, and gap size. The thicker the wire and the higher the number of waves, the stronger the spring will be.

[[File:Wave spring.png]]

== Wave Spring Vs Compression Spring ==

The wave spring is set to overtake the compression spring in the near future. Both types of spring achieve the same effects, but wave springs can manage this with a lot less space. Wave springs are often more expensive per spring than the standard compression spring, but their space-saving benefits should recompense the individual expenditure and could even result in higher profits for the end product.

[[Category:Design]]

File:Wave spring.png

2018-10-24T14:28:16Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd: Wave spring

Wave spring

File:Tiny little spring.jpg

2018-10-24T14:27:20Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd: tiny little compression spring

tiny little compression spring

File:Medical Spring1.gif

2018-10-15T09:14:13Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd: Medical Spring

Medical Spring

Constant force springs

2018-09-27T15:31:17Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd: Created page with "== Introduction == Constant-force springs differ from other springs, such as helically wound springs (although they do obey Hooke’s Law). This is mainly because constant-force..."

== Introduction ==

Constant-force springs differ from other springs, such as helically wound springs (although they do obey Hooke’s Law). This is mainly because constant-force springs are created from pre-tensioned metal strips instead of wire. They fall under the ‘extension spring’ category and are designed to provide tension in a linear direction.

== What are Constant-Force Springs? ==

Despite their name, these springs don’t provide true constant force; the initial force starts from a finite value. Constant-force springs resemble a wound coil and, because the force to restore the unrolled spring is nearest the roll, there is almost no restriction when it comes to speed of extension or acceleration.

After the spring is deflected to a length equal to 1.25 times its diameter, it reaches full load and maintains a relatively constant force independent of the length of the extension. The fatigue life of these springs can range anywhere from 2,500 cycles to more than one million, which will depend on the size and load of the spring.

The unique qualities of these springs make them very valuable as a counterbalance for heavy moving parts as well. An example is a van door, which requires an extra ‘push’ before closing. Once that initial force is overcome, the door slides with ease and with near constant force.

== How to Choose a Constant-Force Spring ==

It’s important to take several factors into consideration before choosing a constant-force spring for a project. The material used in making the spring (as well as its width and thickness) is one of them. Usually, in order to create high-quality constant-force springs, stainless steel grade 301 is chosen, although high-carbon steel, Inconel and other materials can also be suitable.

The initial load or force that the springs will have to overcome to reach ‘constant force’ also matters when it comes to designing the spring, as does its internal and external diameters. Equally key is the end detail of the spring, which means the outside ends that will attach to other parts and components act directly to coil or uncoil it.

Because tolerances and requirements will vary, depending on the industry and the application of the component, it’s crucial that the constant-force spring is manufactured with this in mind as well.

== Common Applications of Constant-Force Springs ==

Constant-force springs are useful in a variety of applications, which make them incredibly important for many different industries, such as automotive, aerospace, medical and retail. Some of their most popular uses include:

* Door closers
* Cable retractors
* Hose retrievers
* Gym equipment
* Hairdryers
* Toys
* Electric motors
* Space vehicles
* Furniture components
* MRI and x-ray machines
* Retractable dog leashes
* Vacuum cleaner cords

== Limitations of Constant-Force Springs ==

Just like other types of springs, external factors can contribute to the reduced lifespan of a constant-force spring. This can include anything from exposure to corrosive elements, which can also affect its performance, to extreme temperatures.

[[Category:Products_/_components]]

Clock spring

2018-09-20T15:15:49Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd: Created page with "== What are clock springs? == Clock springs are also known as mainsprings or power springs and have a multitude of uses. They offer a circular movement and provide a useful alte..."

== What are clock springs? ==

Clock springs are also known as mainsprings or power springs and have a multitude of uses. They offer a circular movement and provide a useful alternative to torsion springs, particularly when a circular motion is required in a small space.

This spring is renowned for creating a large amount of torque and can be dangerous when disassembling any machinery containing clock springs.

== How they work ==

The spring is coiled around an axle, which is also known as the arbor, with the inner end hooked to it. In most applications, the outer end is attached to a stationary post. The spring is then wound by turning the arbor; when wound tightly this spring produces a large amount of torque.

== Properties of clock springs ==

Designed to provide torsion, clock springs can often be confused with torsion springs. The main difference between the two is that clock springs are prepared from flat wires, whereas torsion springs are made from round wires.

Relatively cheap to produce and buy due to the wide assortment of materials which can be used to make them, clock springs offer reduced force and are friction free when compared with torsion springs.

== Common uses of clock springs ==

As the name suggests, this spring is most commonly used in clocks or watches. But they are also used in alarm clocks, music boxes and kitchen timers. With the wiring of most electrical components running through the steering column of a car, clock spring mechanisms ensure continuous connectivity for electrical systems, regardless of which way the steering wheel is turned.

Gas springs

2018-09-03T08:41:18Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd:

Gas springs are complex creations, and it is vital that those who make use of them understand both how they actually work, and how they can meet the needs of a variety of operations. Unlike a traditional metal spring, a gas spring makes use of compressed gas to achieve the required force that it needs.

How Do Gas Springs Work?

The gas within these springs is often introduced through a Schrader type valve. This is a valve that consists of a brass tube that is threaded on the exterior, with a metal pin that is located flush along the axis of the tube and the valve body. The valve generally makes use of a lip seal around the rod, and the gas is forcefully injected through the tube, using either external high pressures or a mechanical gasket that is known as an O-ring system. Usually contained within a cylinder, this gas is compressed by a piston when any dynamic effect is required.

[[File:Gas_Springs.jpg|link=File:Gas_Springs.jpg]]

In gas springs, where the interior plunger also possesses a diaphragm that is sufficient to extend to the edge of its housing tube, the spring will become immobile once it is subjected to a consistent force. This results in the spring being able to support a weight in the manner of a more traditional spring.

Slow dampened springs exploit a small hole in this plunger which allows them to be used on heavy windows and doors, whilst quick gas springs are modified for faster operations such as air guns.

When the gas volume is decreased, the internal pressure of the tube is reduced by either an end stop or a sliding mechanism. This, in turn, allows the properties of a gas spring to be adjusted even when it is in use.

Particularly powerful gas springs can actually be used as a power pack (a unit for converting a power supply), as the high levels of pressure they contain can be translated into usable energy. In emergencies, this gas can also be introduced through a gas generator cell, in a similar manner to those used in airbags.

Not Your Typical Spring

You will most likely be familiar with popular springs such as compression springs, tension springs and torsion springs; however, gas springs are an equally important component within the manufacturing world.

These springs are ideal if you want controlled movement without the addition of extra energy. As a safety precaution, these springs contain nitrogen gas because nitrogen cannot explode and is non-toxic. However, because these springs have high pressure, they should not be opened unless instructed by an expert.

These springs are used in a wide range of applications including hatches, car hatches and bonnets, chairs, beds and windows.

Gas springs

2018-09-03T08:40:56Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd: Created page with "Gas springs are complex creations, and it is vital that those who make use of them understand both how they actually work, and how they can meet the needs of a variety of operati..."

Gas springs are complex creations, and it is vital that those who make use of them understand both how they actually work, and how they can meet the needs of a variety of operations. Unlike a traditional metal spring, a gas spring makes use of compressed gas to achieve the required force that it needs.

How Do Gas Springs Work?

The gas within these springs is often introduced through a Schrader type valve. This is a valve that consists of a brass tube that is threaded on the exterior, with a metal pin that is located flush along the axis of the tube and the valve body. The valve generally makes use of a lip seal around the rod, and the gas is forcefully injected through the tube, using either external high pressures or a mechanical gasket that is known as an O-ring system. Usually contained within a cylinder, this gas is compressed by a piston when any dynamic effect is required.

[[File:Gas Springs.jpg]]

In gas springs, where the interior plunger also possesses a diaphragm that is sufficient to extend to the edge of its housing tube, the spring will become immobile once it is subjected to a consistent force. This results in the spring being able to support a weight in the manner of a more traditional spring.

Slow dampened springs exploit a small hole in this plunger which allows them to be used on heavy windows and doors, whilst quick gas springs are modified for faster operations such as air guns.

When the gas volume is decreased, the internal pressure of the tube is reduced by either an end stop or a sliding mechanism. This, in turn, allows the properties of a gas spring to be adjusted even when it is in use.

Particularly powerful gas springs can actually be used as a power pack (a unit for converting a power supply), as the high levels of pressure they contain can be translated into usable energy. In emergencies, this gas can also be introduced through a gas generator cell, in a similar manner to those used in airbags.

Not Your Typical Spring

You will most likely be familiar with popular springs such as compression springs, tension springs and torsion springs; however, gas springs are an equally important component within the manufacturing world.

These springs are ideal if you want controlled movement without the addition of extra energy. As a safety precaution, these springs contain nitrogen gas because nitrogen cannot explode and is non-toxic. However, because these springs have high pressure, they should not be opened unless instructed by an expert.

These springs are used in a wide range of applications including hatches, car hatches and bonnets, chairs, beds and windows.

Our Range of Gas Springs

As spring suppliers, we offer a range of gas springs to fit your needs and requirements. Take a look at the different types of gas springs we have available:

- Conventional gas springs – are highly versatile and can be used for a range of applications, most notably for the controlled opening and closing of car bonnets and hatches.

- Lockable gas springs – these allow the rod to be locked into place at any point during movement. These are particularly useful in gym machinery and control panels.

File:Gas Springs.jpg

2018-09-03T08:37:49Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd: Gas Spring

Gas Spring

Wave springs

2018-08-17T08:22:26Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd: Created page with "In today's world, wave springs are some of the most widely used types of springs, and often, we don’t even realise that we are using them. Most commonly found in circumstances..."

In today's world, wave springs are some of the most widely used types of springs, and often, we don’t even realise that we are using them.

Most commonly found in circumstances where space is limited, wave springs are essential to many components in the world of mechanical design. They must be compact, provide ample force and be able to withstand immense amounts of pressure over a continued amount of time to be effective.

== [[File:Wave Springs.jpg]]What are Wave Springs? ==

Wave Springs are a type of compression spring that are made from flat wire. They are called wave springs as they have multiple waves per turn. The flat wire, along with multiple waves, combine to create the same amount of force at reduced work heights when compared with other types of springs.

With technological developments in the modern world meaning that many devices once using compression springs have shrunk in size, the need for smaller, more compact springs has grown. The reduced size has allowed engineers to reduce the spring cavity once common in many various technologies.

Wave springs are designed bespoke dependent on a spring force vs. a work height ratio.

== How Are Wave Springs Made? ==

In a similar method to many other types of spring, flat wire is passed through a specially calibrated machine where it coils and ‘bounces,’ resulting in a wave spring. The machine is set up to process the wire up to a certain length, providing a system that can be tailored to any given project or requirement, reducing any potential waste.

Whilst wave springs can be made from a variety of materials, including carbon and stainless steel, the springs require fewer materials to compose, resulting in more cost-effective production.

== Properties of Wave Springs ==

Wave springs are incredibly versatile; they hold many advantages that maintain their popularity with designers in particular, as a valuable solution. For example, where space is limited, the innovative design of the wave spring ensures that the same amount of force as a compression spring is produced at 50% of the operating height.

Due to the layered design, only one spring is needed, whereas with alternative springs, such as stacked disc springs, several are needed to provide the same effect. In addition, the design of the spring itself can be amended to reflect whatever the task at hand requires. For example, factors such as wire size, wire form and the turn configuration can all be altered to ensure that the end result is fit for purpose.

== Common Uses of Wave Springs ==

Due to the fact that wave springs can be substituted for compression springs, they are regularly used in a number of daily items. You can spot wave springs in:

* Trainers
* Door locks
* Suspension systems
* Robotics
* Mechanical equipment
* Technological devices
* Medical products
* The Oil and Gas Industry

File:Wave Springs.jpg

2018-08-17T08:21:50Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd:

Die springs

2018-05-18T14:25:49Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd: Protected "The Properties of Die Springs" ([edit=author] (indefinite))

= Introduction =

Die springs play an integral role within the manufacturing and engineering industries. Similar to compression springs, die springs are manufactured and built to take a higher load than other springs, making them a valuable tool for a variety of projects.

The properties of die springs provide a number of benefits when applied. For a die spring to work without hindrance, there has to be room for it to work. This means the starting point is not the physical dimensions of the die spring, but the installation dimensions.

[[File:Die springs id406.jpg]]

= What Are Die Springs? =

Also referred to as ‘high compression springs’, die springs are designed to maintain and handle great levels of stress that are applied. These types of springs are made with rectangular wire instead of circular, unlike their ‘compression’ counterparts.

This type of high force compression spring can handle 30% more stress than a standard compression spring. It is a beneficial material to be used in extreme and stressful environments, such as handling temperatures rising to 475 degrees. When compared to the way other compression springs work, it is the extra resistance to these stresses that provides the die spring with extra strength.

= Properties of Die Springs =

Die springs have a number of unique qualities, the first being the material they are made from. The use of rectangular and square wires is the prime element that gives the die spring its unique property, and it is this larger mass which provides the spring with a greater force.

Die springs are an extremely reliable and consistent spring, proved with their design to handle tremendous forces of pressure and stress. They can be manufactured to different strengths, which is shown through the use of different colour codes.

= Common Uses of Die Springs =

Due to their strength, die springs are used for a wide range of applications and uses within various industries, including:

* Clutches and brakes in the automotive industry
* Transportation industry
* Agricultural industry

= The Difference Between Compression and Die Springs =

All springs may look similar, but the different variations of springs all have different characteristics, designed for different purposes. Compression and die springs are two which are incredibly similar, but with several differences.

Compression springs function by resisting compressive force. When stress and pressure is applied, their lengths shorten, allowing them to store energy whilst compressed.

Compression springs are used in a wide range of applications, including:

* Ballpoint pens
* Door locks
* Automotive systems
* Medical devices
* Electrical devices
* Mattresses

Die springs differ due to their high force. Die springs are engineered to provide predetermined pressure, meaning they are incredibly well-suited for applications involving extreme conditions, high temperature, high loads or heavy machinery, making them an ideal choice for applications which require high force within a limited area.

Die springs are required to complete a number of applications. They can be engineered to consistently give predetermined physical force at certain compressions, portraying why they are the perfect components in punching and pressing machines. Die springs are designed to handle the stress seen in a number of environments.

Die springs

2018-05-18T14:25:30Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd: Created page with "= Introduction = Die springs play an integral role within the manufacturing and engineering industries. Similar to compression springs, die springs are manufactured and built to..."

File:Die springs id406.jpg

2018-05-18T14:25:08Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd:

Springs in Structures

2018-04-27T08:59:35Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd:

Springs have many interesting uses and are found in various applications – from the lesser-known use within train tracks to the more obvious function within a clicking pen.

Springs are also a vital component within many structures all over the world; from buildings to bridges and many other types of large constructions.

[[File:Millenium_Bridge_London_Springs_in_Structures.jpg|link=File:Millenium_Bridge_London_Springs_in_Structures.jpg]]

= Suspension Bridges =

Many suspension bridges utilise springs to stabilise their structure.

An example of this is the [https://www.europeansprings.com/spring-manufacturer/references-spring-solutions/oresund-bridge/ Öresund Bridge] – a combined motorway and railway bridge between Sweden and Denmark. There were vibration issues caused from the cables along the bridge in certain wind and temperature conditions. By installing several dampers that contain compression springs (amongst other components) for the most exposed cables, the weight was supported and provided a moveable ring that regulated the air flow on each side.

Another suspension bridge to use springs within its structure is the Millennium Bridge.

At one point, it was nicknamed the Wobbly Bridge after the mass footfall meant that those on the southern and middle spans felt the bridge sway and twist. The problem was fixed with two different dampers; viscous dampers (similar to car shock absorbers); and tuned mass dampers, a large mass stiffened by springs.

= Disaster Prevention =

Especially when it comes to larger and taller structures, such as several-storey hotels and office blocks, building structures that are resilient to earthquakes in parts of the world that are exposed to tremors is vital. One of the methods to prevent this kind of disaster is known as base isolation.

Base isolation involves using spring systems or bearings that ‘float’ a building above its base foundations.

As the structure is attached to its foundations by a strong material, when a disaster such as an earthquake strikes, the structure can move slightly without being disconnected from its original foundations. This method has been in practice for years and has been [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Using_springs_in_construction_to_prevent_disaster used in numerous structures].

= Building Security =

Springs and wire forms can be found in anti-climbing and safety measures for a building, often in the form of fixing clips.

A well-known example of this is the [https://www.europeansprings.com/case-study-the-tate-modern/ Tate Modern. This structure uses fixing clips for holding faceplates] (an attachment with slots for work to be mounted) onto corbels (a projection out of a wall to support the structure above it) that cover the first 15 metres up around the base of the gallery to establish an anti-climb zone.

In total, there were 650 springs created for the building with a 10-day turnaround as the scaffolding for the building was taken down sooner than anticipated.

--[[User:European Springs and Pressings Ltd|European Springs and Pressings Ltd]] 09:59, 27 Apr 2018 (BST)

[[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Design]]

Springs in Structures

2018-04-27T08:58:04Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd:

Springs have many interesting uses and are found in various applications – from the lesser-known use within train tracks to the more obvious function within a clicking pen.

Springs are also a vital component within many structures all over the world; from buildings to bridges and many other types of large constructions.

[[File:Millenium_Bridge_London_Springs_in_Structures.jpg|link=File:Millenium_Bridge_London_Springs_in_Structures.jpg]]

= Suspension Bridges =

Many suspension bridges utilise springs to stabilise their structure.

An example of this is the [https://www.europeansprings.com/spring-manufacturer/references-spring-solutions/oresund-bridge/ Öresund Bridge] – a combined motorway and railway bridge between Sweden and Denmark. There were vibration issues caused from the cables along the bridge in certain wind and temperature conditions. By installing several dampers that contain compression springs (amongst other components) for the most exposed cables, the weight was supported and provided a moveable ring that regulated the air flow on each side.

Another suspension bridge to use springs within its structure is the Millennium Bridge.

At one point, it was nicknamed the Wobbly Bridge after the mass footfall meant that those on the southern and middle spans felt the bridge sway and twist. The problem was fixed with two different dampers; viscous dampers (similar to car shock absorbers); and tuned mass dampers, a large mass stiffened by springs.

= Disaster Prevention =

Especially when it comes to larger and taller structures, such as several-storey hotels and office blocks, building structures that are resilient to earthquakes in parts of the world that are exposed to tremors is vital. One of the methods to prevent this kind of disaster is known as base isolation.

Base isolation involves using spring systems or bearings that ‘float’ a building above its base foundations.

As the structure is attached to its foundations by a strong material, when a disaster such as an earthquake strikes, the structure can move slightly without being disconnected from its original foundations. This method has been in practice for years and has been [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Using_springs_in_construction_to_prevent_disaster used in numerous structures].

= Building Security =

Springs and wire forms can be found in anti-climbing and safety measures for a building, often in the form of fixing clips.

A well-known example of this is the [https://www.europeansprings.com/case-study-the-tate-modern/ Tate Modern. This structure uses fixing clips for holding faceplates] (an attachment with slots for work to be mounted) onto corbels (a projection out of a wall to support the structure above it) that cover the first 15 metres up around the base of the gallery to establish an anti-climb zone.

In total, there were 650 springs created for the building with a 10-day turnaround as the scaffolding for the building was taken down sooner than anticipated.

[[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Design]]

Springs in Structures

2018-04-27T08:57:37Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd: Created page with "Springs have many interesting uses and are found in various applications – from the lesser-known use within train tracks to the more obvious function within a clicking pen. Sp..."

Springs have many interesting uses and are found in various applications – from the lesser-known use within train tracks to the more obvious function within a clicking pen.

Springs are also a vital component within many structures all over the world; from buildings to bridges and many other types of large constructions.

[[File:Millenium Bridge London Springs in Structures.jpg]]

Suspension Bridges

Many suspension bridges utilise springs to stabilise their structure.

An example of this is the [https://www.europeansprings.com/spring-manufacturer/references-spring-solutions/oresund-bridge/ Öresund Bridge] – a combined motorway and railway bridge between Sweden and Denmark. There were vibration issues caused from the cables along the bridge in certain wind and temperature conditions. By installing several dampers that contain compression springs (amongst other components) for the most exposed cables, the weight was supported and provided a moveable ring that regulated the air flow on each side.

Another suspension bridge to use springs within its structure is the Millennium Bridge.

At one point, it was nicknamed the Wobbly Bridge after the mass footfall meant that those on the southern and middle spans felt the bridge sway and twist. The problem was fixed with two different dampers; viscous dampers (similar to car shock absorbers); and tuned mass dampers, a large mass stiffened by springs.

Disaster Prevention

Especially when it comes to larger and taller structures, such as several-storey hotels and office blocks, building structures that are resilient to earthquakes in parts of the world that are exposed to tremors is vital. One of the methods to prevent this kind of disaster is known as base isolation.

Base isolation involves using spring systems or bearings that ‘float’ a building above its base foundations.

As the structure is attached to its foundations by a strong material, when a disaster such as an earthquake strikes, the structure can move slightly without being disconnected from its original foundations. This method has been in practice for years and has been [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Using_springs_in_construction_to_prevent_disaster used in numerous structures].

Building Security

Springs and wire forms can be found in anti-climbing and safety measures for a building, often in the form of fixing clips.

A well-known example of this is the [https://www.europeansprings.com/case-study-the-tate-modern/ Tate Modern. This structure uses fixing clips for holding faceplates] (an attachment with slots for work to be mounted) onto corbels (a projection out of a wall to support the structure above it) that cover the first 15 metres up around the base of the gallery to establish an anti-climb zone.

In total, there were 650 springs created for the building with a 10-day turnaround as the scaffolding for the building was taken down sooner than anticipated.

[[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Design]]

File:Millenium Bridge London Springs in Structures.jpg

2018-04-27T08:55:39Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd:

Tension springs v torsion springs

2018-04-17T09:27:51Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd:

[[File:Extension_Spring_-iStock_000062855208_Medium.jpg|400px|link=File:Extension_Spring_-iStock_000062855208_Medium.jpg]]

= Introduction =

Although sounding similar, tension and torsion springs are completely different. Tension springs are manufactured to operate with tension; as tightly wound coils, they stretch to a specific length as torque is applied to them. When in an unloaded position, the spring loops are touching with either a hook or a loop that is attached at one of the ends. The springs stretch when this attachment is directed with force. The springing action is caused when the components are pulled apart and the springs attempt to hold themselves together. After the force is stopped, they return to their original position.

Torsion springs are coiled springs, which work due to a twisting or torsion rotational motion. This allows for an object to store mechanical energy as it is twisted, exerting force in the opposite direction depending on the angle that it is twisted. A helical looped design is the most common design for torsion springs, which consists of a coiled metal wire that is twisted tighter and tighter by sideways forces that are applied on either a left-hand or a right-hand helix.

= Tension Springs =

Most springs follow Hooke’s Law of elasticity, which states that the extension of an elastic rod is linearly proportional to the force, or torque, used to stretch it. The law is held approximately when the deformation is considered to be small in comparison to the overall length of the rod. The equation used to represent the force of a fully compressed spring is the following:

[[File:Tension.png|link=File:Tension.png]]

In which:

E – is Young’s modulus

d – is the spring wire diameter

L – is the free length of the spring

n – is the number of active windings

v – is Poisson’s ratio

D – is the spring’s outer diameter

= Torsion Springs =

Torsion springs work by either twisting or torsion, in which they store mechanical energy when twisted. When they are twisted, the springs exert torque in the opposite direction in a proportional amount to the angle that they are twisted.

These springs obey Hooke’s Law, as long as not twisted beyond the elastic limit:

[[File:Torsion.png|link=File:Torsion.png]]

In which τ represents the exerted torque by the spring in newton-metres, k is a constant of newton-metres units, and θ represents the angle of twist from the equilibrium position in radians.

In joules, U, the energy stored in a torsion spring is represented by the following equation:

[[File:Torsion2.png|link=File:Torsion2.png]]

= Uses of Tension Springs =

* Trampolines
* Garage doors
* Carburators
* Surgical lights
* Farm machinery

= Uses of Torsion Springs =

* Clothespins
* Clocks
* Door hinges
* Car clutches
* Hospital beds

--[[User:European_Springs_and_Pressings_Ltd|European Springs and Pressings Ltd]] 09:44, 25 Sep 2017 (BST)

= Find out more =

=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===

* Compression springs.
* E-spring.
* Flat springs.
* Key qualities of springs.
* Spring materials.
* The importance of gas springs.
* Using springs in construction to prevent disaster.
* [[The_Difference_Between_Tension_and_Torsion_Springs|The Difference Between Tension and Torsion Springs]]
* [[The_Multiple_Uses_of_Compression_Springs|The Multiple Uses of Compression Springs]]
* [[Using_Springs_in_Construction_to_Prevent_Disaster|Using Springs in Construction to Prevent Disaster]]
* [[Torsion_Springs_and_Their_Benefits|Torsion Springs and Their Benefits]]

[[Category:Design]]

Compression springs

2018-04-17T09:14:05Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd:

= Introduction =

Springs are used in a variety of ways in many industries around the world. The compression spring was one of the first springs to be invented and it has become, by far, one of the most studied type.

Compression springs are open-coiled springs which are wound in a helical shape. They are designed to oppose compression, meaning they can push back when they are pushed on. Helically wound compression springs are the most common configuration and have an extensive range of uses.

Compression springs are typically positioned over a rod or fitted into a hole. When the spring is subject to pressure caused by weight pressing on its axis, it compresses and becomes shorter. As the spring compresses, it gains a potential to push back in an effort to return to its original position.

[[File:Compression spring 2.jpg]]

= History of Use =

Compression springs are one of the key components of many pieces of equipment that we use on a daily basis, but their origins date back more than 600 years. Compression springs were first used in door locks, to ensure that only one specific type of key could be used to unlock the door.

It wasn’t long before compression springs were used in the world’s first spring powered clock. This was a success, but it took time before scientists became interested. The most famous of these scientists was Robert Hooke, who developed a law that defined the nature of the compression spring; Hooke’s law.

Hooke’s law states that the force that a spring exerts is directly proportional to its extension. This is important, as it provides an understanding of the amount of force that is required for the spring to compress or extend in a certain application. This changed how springs were used and is the reason they are so common now.

= Usage 1: Pacemakers =

Small springs are typically used in applications where quality control and minute actions are key. For example, in watchmaking or, in the medical industry. Medical instruments require the most precise objects for them to work efficiently, especially if they are to be used to aid humans. An example of this is springs used in pacemakers.

= Usage 2: Oil Rigs =

Oil rigs are some of the most robust man-made structures, but they must also endure some of the world’s fiercest and harshest weather conditions. As such, they need to use components that help maintain their shape, no matter what the weather. For underwater piping, garter springs – a specific type of compression spring - are used to ensure no water/oil leaks in/out of the pipes. The reason for this is that garter springs provide an inward radial force, ideal for securing a joint.

= Usage 3: Suspension Systems =

Springs can provide an extension or a compression, depending on the situation. For example, if a heavy load is applied to a compression spring, it will compress in such a way that is proportional to the force.

Because of this, compression springs can be used to hold heavy loads without affecting another structure. An example of this is in suspension systems; compression springs, as well as important hydraulic components in vehicle suspension systems, help to act as shock absorbers, which is important when driving.

= Other Applications =

The force produced by compression springs makes them an excellent vessel for storing energy, ideal for numerous applications. They are used in everyday items, such as pens, vehicles, and mobile phones.

Compression springs can be manufactured in any size, with varying degrees of stiffness, known as spring rate.

Larger compression springs with greater spring rate are used in stamping presses in the printing industry and in other appliances, such as lawn mowers. Smaller compression springs are found in medical devices, small electronic devices, precision instruments and tools. They are commonly used in automotive, aerospace, and consumer applications.

= Strength and Stress =

Stress is determined by a spring’s dimensions and its load bearing deflection requirements. The type of stress on a coil is referred to as torsion. As the coil is compressed, the surface of the coil exposed to pressure is subject to the greatest stress but, as the spring deflects, the rest of the spring takes on more stress. This is known as a range of operating stress.

= Types and Uses =

Conical, hourglass, and barrel-shaped are all types of compression springs used in applications requiring low solid, increased stability, or resistance to surging. These types of spring have a small solid height, designed so each active coil fits within the next coil, resulting in the solid height being equal to one or two thickness of wire. This is useful where the solid height is limited.

Variable rate springs offer a constant uniform pitch and have an increasing force rate. The larger coils gradually begin to bottom as a force is applied.

Being the most common type of spring, the most common consumers are engineering companies, the defence industry, and vehicles.

= Find Out More =

=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===

* E-spring.
* Flat springs.
* Key qualities of springs.
* Spring materials.
* The importance of gas springs.
* Tension springs v torsion springs.
* Using springs in construction to prevent disaster.
* [[Large_and_Hot_Coiled_Compression_Springs|Large and Hot Coiled Compression Springs]]
* [[The_Difference_Between_Tension_and_Torsion_Springs|The Difference Between Tension and Torsion Springs]]
* [[The_Multiple_Uses_of_Compression_Springs|The Multiple Uses of Compression Springs]]
* [[The_Uses_of_Wire_Forms_Within_the_Construction_Industry|The Uses of Wire Forms Within the Construction Industry]]

--[[User:European_Springs_and_Pressings_Ltd|European Springs and Pressings Ltd]] 15:24, 18 Oct 2017 (BST)

[[Category:Products_/_components]]

Flat springs

2018-04-17T09:01:34Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd:

= Introduction =

Flat springs are flat strips of material which, when deflected by an external load, store and release energy. These types of spring are small, stamped metal components that function like a spring by controlling deflection within small or restricted spaces.

Manufactured from high carbon spring steel, nickel-silver, high nickel alloys and stainless steel, a flat spring can function as a spacer or ground.

[[File:Leaf_spring.jpg|640px|link=File:Leaf_spring.jpg]]

= Applications =

Flat springs come in a range of different shapes and sizes for various applications. They are used for numerous purposes within differing industries, such as motors, office equipment, generators, counterbalances, doors and electrical switchgear.

There are many different types of flat spring including the leaf spring and flat coil spring.

= Leaf Spring =

Leaf springs are one of the oldest forms of spring, dating back to medieval times, they are an important component in suspension, such as in cars or other vehicles. They provide stability and help minimise wear and tear on other parts.

Created with individual layers or leaves of metal, they are often used in automotive design on drive or steer axles. Constructed of high alloy spring steel or lighter weight materials such as low carbon steel, this type of spring comes in three basic types; mono-leaf springs, multi-leaf springs and parabolic springs.

= Mono-Leaf Spring =

A mono-leaf spring consists of one plate of springs which is thick in the centre and tapers out to the ends. The amount and length of the taper is critical to the durability and safety of the spring. This type of spring provides lesser spring rates that can hold up a vehicle, also offering less stiffness in terms of bending and controlling the axle.

= Multi-Leaf Spring =

A multi-leaf spring is an engineered system designed to provide support, stability and safety to a vehicle. The length and make-up of each spring is important as each leaf is designed to carry a proportionate amount of load and stress. Each leaf is designed to provide support to the leaf above and below it, and it is this feature which provides support for the vehicle.

= Parabolic Spring =

A parabolic spring is a leaf or set of leaves which are tapered in a parabolic form rather than in a linear one. The tapering in a single leaf handles the force distribution from the vehicle to the axle, and works as a complete multi-leaf spring. Parabolic springs design is characterised by fewer leaves the thickness of which varies from the centre to ends following a parabolic curve, preventing unwanted inter-leaf friction. They tend to have more flexibility and are commonly used on buses.

= Flat Coil Springs =

Flat coil springs are used with a counterweight to control the action of valves, such as those in a vehicle exhaust system. They are wound into a specific configuration to absorb shocks or provide tension, and can be found in seating to provide support, or in automotive applications.

--[[User:European_Springs_and_Pressings_Ltd|European Springs and Pressings Ltd]] 12:46, 15 Nov 2017 (BST)

= Find Out More =

=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===

* Compression springs.
* Key qualities of springs.
* Mechanical engineer.
* Spring materials.
* Tension springs v torsion springs.
* Torsion springs and their benefits.
* Using springs in construction to prevent disaster.
* [[Spotlight_On:_Flat_Springs|Spotlight On: Flat Springs]]
* [[Spotlight_on_Compression_Springs|Spotlight on Compression Springs]]
* [[The_Difference_Between_Tension_and_Torsion_Springs|The Difference Between Tension and Torsion Springs]]
* [[The_Importance_of_Gas_Springs|The Importance of Gas Springs]]
* [[The_Multiple_Uses_of_Compression_Springs|The Multiple Uses of Compression Springs]]
* [[The_Uses_of_Wire_Forms_Within_the_Construction_Industry|The Uses of Wire Forms Within the Construction Industry]]

[[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Large and hot coiled compression springs

2018-04-17T08:44:56Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd:

= Introduction =

Compression springs are a widely used across several different sectors of manufacturing, from engineering to trains. Being one of the first to have been invented, it is one of the most popular types of spring.

[[File:Compression_springs_on_a_train.jpg|640px|link=File:Compression_springs_on_a_train.jpg]]

Hot coiled compression springs undergo a heated treatment, to produce their hardened and sharpened surface, and can be tailor-made specifically to meet customer requirements.

Large compression springs are open coiled springs which are wound from a purpose made machine in the distinct helical shape and can produce a considerable amount of force, suited for application in large-scale manufacturing operations.

= How They Are Made =

In the process of making a hot coiled compression spring, a wire bar, varying in size, length and width is austenitised, or heated to around 850°C, to change its crystal structure and render it more malleable. It is then formed into its coil shape around a large machine, dropped into oil to cool, and finally processed to give the finished product.

In a similar process to hot coiling, large compression springs are fed into a purpose-built machine, which uses force to spin the spring into its helical shape. Due to the size, they are normally ‘caught’ on a tray, where they are processed into the final product.

= Applications =

== Railway Industry ==

Both large and hot coiled compression springs are used within the railway industry.

There are two main suspension systems widely used in the manufacture of trains. The first being the primary suspension system, which uses springs to support the structural suspension of the carriage and the entire train.

The secondary suspension system focuses on the comfort of passengers through creating an airbag-like effect, in a process called pneumatic suspension. This is also used in freight transportation to reduce the impact of the movement from the journey on fragile goods.

== Offshore Industry ==

Springs are common components in offshore industries, due to their durability, strength, and ability to withstand highly-exposed environments. Large and hot coiled compression springs are suited for this industry, as they are a much larger, stronger alternative, and can be tailor-made to fit any machine or use.

== Other Applications ==

Other applications include:

* The electric power industry.
* The mining and construction industry.
* Paper and pulp manufacture.
* The automotive industry.

Large-scale, durable components are essential in these fields, not only due to their functional aspects but also for their impressive safety features.

= Sizes Available =

The size of both types of these springs vary completely due to the requirements of the customer. Lengths can be up to 1500 mm, 600 mm in width, and bar/wire width can be up to 65 mm.

All springs can be made to measure and come in a range of finishes, suitable for any specific job specifications.

--[[User:European_Springs_and_Pressings_Ltd|European Springs and Pressings Ltd]]

= Find Out More =

=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===

* Spring materials.
* Key qualities of springs
* Compression springs
* Tension springs v torsion springs
* History of the spring
* [[Spotlight_on_Compression_Springs|Spotlight on Compression Springs]]
* [[The_Difference_Between_Tension_and_Torsion_Springs|The Difference Between Tension and Torsion Springs]]
* [[The_Multiple_Uses_of_Compression_Springs|The Multiple Uses of Compression Springs]]
* [[Using_Springs_in_Construction_to_Prevent_Disaster|Using Springs in Construction to Prevent Disaster]]
* [[The_Uses_of_Wire_Forms_Within_the_Construction_Industry|The Uses of Wire Forms Within the Construction Industry]]

[[Category:Products_/_components]]

Large and hot coiled compression springs

2018-04-17T08:42:39Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd:

The uses of wire forms in construction

2018-04-17T08:31:45Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd:

[[File:Wire-Forms-1.jpg|link=File:Wire-Forms-1.jpg]]

= Introduction =

Springs and wire forms are important factors within a wide range of industries. They are one of the most versatile parts within a range of products and can be designed and manufactured in an array of materials depending on specification.

Wire forms are wires that have been bent into a specific shape to fulfil a purpose, one commonly recognised wire form is the spring. Wire forms can be found in almost every industry, including:

* Agricultural
* Construction
* HVAC
* Injection moulding
* Aerospace
* Automotive
* Electronics
* Medical devices
* Petroleum

= What are Wire Forms? =

Wire forms are used for a wide array of applications, most commonly headsets and computer brace devices.

Wire forms can be manipulated into certain shapes, sizes and configured to fit the need of any design. They can be made in simple beams or a cantilever design. They can be made in coils or springs using various thicknesses or small rings in differing diameters.

Manufacturers of wire forms can custom make forms to suit the requirements of a task using computer engineering. The wire used within a wire form can be made of any suitable metal, varying on the specific need. They can be made from stainless steel, copper, or aluminium.

= Common Uses of Wire Forms =

* Battery contacts – one of the most common applications for wire forms. Battery contacts are designed to have a spiral spring with a leg which can later be welded into a base. This type of application requires a nickel material.
* Mousetraps and safety pins – wire forms can be found in this common household item. The front section of a mouse trap is a prime example of a common wire form design. A similar design is used for safety pins.
* Large wire applications – a common larger wire application is wire handles. Handles can be manufactured with differing wire sizes that are designed to slip into a hole at either end with a shaped handle.
* Light fixtures – the lighting industry is one of the most common sectors to use wire forms due to their durability and tolerance. Simple wire forms are designed to safely hold a lighting fixture in place.
* Electrical applications – wire forms are used in a variety of electrical applications. Wire forms are bent into clips that are used to hold electrical wires in place, with its coating material being tin plated copper.
* Hooks – these are used as a point of connection between two parts or components. The open end of the hook allows another item to be connected or suspended by fitting the second object around this point.

= Uses Within Construction =

Within construction, wire forms are most commonly used for the equipment. Wire forms are created and designed for power tools and hand tools that can withstand the tight tolerances this type of equipment experiences. Wire forms follow a detailed manufacturing process, requiring exacting precision.

Wire forms are created and manufactured through these quick steps:

* Wire is fed through a machine to the bending head
* The teeth or swage are formed by passing the wire through a form
* A machine unit is used to cut and roll the wire to the ideal length and diameter
* The bending head takes over, giving the threaded hook its shape.

Torsional, compression and extension are the three main types of wire form springs used within these industries.

= Find Out More =

[[Key_Qualities_of_Springs|Key Qualities of Springs]]

[[Using_Springs_in_Construction_to_Prevent_Disaster|Using Springs in Construction to Prevent Disaster]]

[[Compression_springs|Compression springs]]

[[Torsion_Springs_and_Their_Benefits|Torsion Springs and Their Benefits]]

[[Extension_Springs|Extension Springs]]

[[Spotlight_on_Compression_Springs|Spotlight on Compression Springs]]

[[The_Difference_Between_Tension_and_Torsion_Springs|The Difference Between Tension and Torsion Springs]]

[[The_Multiple_Uses_of_Compression_Springs|The Multiple Uses of Compression Springs]]

--[[User:European_Springs_and_Pressings_Ltd|European Springs and Pressings Ltd]] 17:02, 16 Apr 2018 (BST)

The uses of wire forms in construction

2018-04-16T16:02:23Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd:

[[File:Wire-Forms-1.jpg]]

= Introduction =

Springs and wire forms are important factors within a wide range of industries. They are one of the most versatile parts within a range of products and can be designed and manufactured in an array of materials depending on specification.

Wire forms are wires that have been bent into a specific shape to fulfil a purpose, one commonly recognised wire form is the spring. Wire forms can be found in almost every industry, including:

* Agricultural
* Construction
* HVAC
* Injection moulding
* Aerospace
* Automotive
* Electronics
* Medical devices
* Petroleum

= What are Wire Forms? =

Wire forms are used for a wide array of applications, most commonly headsets and computer brace devices.

Wire forms can be manipulated into certain shapes, sizes and configured to fit the need of any design. They can be made in simple beams or a cantilever design. They can be made in coils or springs using various thicknesses or small rings in differing diameters.

Manufacturers of wire forms can custom make forms to suit the requirements of a task using computer engineering. The wire used within a wire form can be made of any suitable metal, varying on the specific need. They can be made from stainless steel, copper, or aluminium.

= Common Uses of Wire Forms =

* Battery contacts – one of the most common applications for wire forms. Battery contacts are designed to have a spiral spring with a leg which can later be welded into a base. This type of application requires a nickel material.
* Mousetraps and safety pins – wire forms can be found in this common household item. The front section of a mouse trap is a prime example of a common wire form design. A similar design is used for safety pins.
* Large wire applications – a common larger wire application is wire handles. Handles can be manufactured with differing wire sizes that are designed to slip into a hole at either end with a shaped handle.
* Light fixtures – the lighting industry is one of the most common sectors to use wire forms due to their durability and tolerance. Simple wire forms are designed to safely hold a lighting fixture in place.
* Electrical applications – wire forms are used in a variety of electrical applications. Wire forms are bent into clips that are used to hold electrical wires in place, with its coating material being tin plated copper.
* Hooks – these are used as a point of connection between two parts or components. The open end of the hook allows another item to be connected or suspended by fitting the second object around this point.

= Uses Within Construction =

Within construction, wire forms are most commonly used for the equipment. Wire forms are created and designed for power tools and hand tools that can withstand the tight tolerances this type of equipment experiences. Wire forms follow a detailed manufacturing process, requiring exacting precision.

Wire forms are created and manufactured through these quick steps:

* Wire is fed through a machine to the bending head
* The teeth or swage are formed by passing the wire through a form
* A machine unit is used to cut and roll the wire to the ideal length and diameter
* The bending head takes over, giving the threaded hook its shape.

Torsional, compression and extension are the three main types of wire form springs used within these industries.

= Find Out More =

[[Key_Qualities_of_Springs|Key Qualities of Springs]]

--[[User:European Springs and Pressings Ltd|European Springs and Pressings Ltd]] 17:02, 16 Apr 2018 (BST)

The uses of wire forms in construction

2018-03-22T16:20:48Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd: Protected "The Uses of Wire Forms Within the Construction Industry" ([edit=author] (indefinite))

Introduction

Springs and wire forms are important factors within a wide range of industries. They are one of the most versatile parts within a range of products and can be designed and manufactured in an array of materials depending on specification.

Wire forms are wires that have been bent into a specific shape to fulfil a purpose, one commonly recognised wire form is the spring. Wire forms can be found in almost every industry, including:

* Agricultural
* Construction
* HVAC
* Injection moulding
* Aerospace
* Automotive
* Electronics
* Medical devices
* Petroleum

[[File:Wire-Forms-1.jpg]]

What are Wire Forms?

Wire forms are used for a wide array of applications, most commonly headsets and computer brace devices.

Wire forms can be manipulated into certain shapes, sizes and configured to fit the need of any design. They can be made in simple beams or a cantilever design. They can be made in coils or springs using various thicknesses or small rings in differing diameters.

Manufacturers of wire forms can custom make forms to suit the requirements of a task using computer engineering. The wire used within a wire form can be made of any suitable metal, varying on the specific need. They can be made from stainless steel, copper, or aluminium.

Common Uses of Wire Forms

* Battery contacts – one of the most common applications for wire forms. Battery contacts are designed to have a spiral spring with a leg which can later be welded into a base. This type of application requires a nickel material.
* Mousetraps and safety pins – wire forms can be found in this common household item. The front section of a mouse trap is a prime example of a common wire form design. A similar design is used for safety pins.
* Large wire applications – a common larger wire application is wire handles. Handles can be manufactured with differing wire sizes that are designed to slip into a hole at either end with a shaped handle.
* Light fixtures – the lighting industry is one of the most common sectors to use wire forms due to their durability and tolerance. Simple wire forms are designed to safely hold a lighting fixture in place.
* Electrical applications – wire forms are used in a variety of electrical applications. Wire forms are bent into clips that are used to hold electrical wires in place, with its coating material being tin plated copper.
* Hooks – these are used as a point of connection between two parts or components. The open end of the hook allows another item to be connected or suspended by fitting the second object around this point.

Uses Within Construction

Within construction, wire forms are most commonly used for the equipment. Wire forms are created and designed for power tools and hand tools that can withstand the tight tolerances this type of equipment experiences. Wire forms follow a detailed manufacturing process, requiring exacting precision.

Wire forms are created and manufactured through these quick steps:

* Wire is fed through a machine to the bending head
* The teeth or swage are formed by passing the wire through a form
* A machine unit is used to cut and roll the wire to the ideal length and diameter
* The bending head takes over, giving the threaded hook its shape.

Torsional, compression and extension are the three main types of wire form springs used within these industries.

The uses of wire forms in construction

2018-03-22T16:20:33Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd: Created page with "Introduction Springs and wire forms are important factors within a wide range of industries. They are one of the most versatile parts within a range of products and can be desig..."

File:Wire-Forms-1.jpg

2018-03-22T16:19:44Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd:

Large and hot coiled compression springs

2018-01-29T09:48:06Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd: Created page with "= Introduction = [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Compression_springs#Find_out_more Compression Springs] are a widely used type of spring, varying across several diffe..."

= Introduction =

[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Compression_springs#Find_out_more Compression Springs] are a widely used type of spring, varying across several different sectors of manufacturing, from engineering to trains. Being one of the first to have been invented, it is one of the most popular types of spring used.

[[File:Compression springs on a train.jpg|640px]]

Hot coiled compression springs undergo a heated treatment, to produce their hardened and sharpened surface, and can be tailor-made specifically to meet customer requirements.

Large compression springs are open coiled springs which are wound from a purpose made machine in the distinct helical shape, and can produce a considerable amount of force, suited for application in large-scale manufacturing operations.

= How They are Made =

In the process of making a hot coiled compression spring, a wire bar, varying in size, length and width is austenitized, or heated to around 850°, to change its crystal structure and render it more malleable. It is then formed into its coil shape around a large machine, dropped into [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Oil_-_a_global_perspective oil] to cool, and finally processed to give a finished product.

In a similar process to hot coiling, large compression springs are fed into a purpose-built machine, which uses force to spin the spring into its helical shape. Due to the size, they are normally ‘caught’ on a tray, where it will be processed into its final product.

= Applications =

== Railway Industry ==

Both large and hot coiled compression springs are used within the [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Railway_engineering railway] industry.

There are two main suspension systems widely used in the manufacture of trains. The first being the primary suspension system, which uses springs to support the structural suspension of the carriage and the entire train.

The secondary suspension system focuses on the comfort of passengers through creating an airbag-like effect, in a process called pneumatic suspension. This is also used in freight transportation to reduce the impact of the movement from the journey on fragile goods.

== Offshore Industry ==

Springs are an incredibly common component in offshore industries, due to their durability, extreme strength, and ability to withstand highly exposed environments.

Large and hot coiled compression springs are suited for this industry, as they are a much larger, stronger alternative, and can be tailor made to fit any machine or use.

== Other Applications ==

Other applications include within the electric power industry, the mining and construction industry, paper and pulp manufacture, and the automotive industry.

Large-scale, durable components are essential in these fields, not only due to their functional aspect but also for their impressive [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Health_and_safety_for_building_design_and_construction safety features].

= Sizes Available =

The size of both types of these springs vary completely due to the requirements of the customer. Lengths can be up to 1500mm, 600mm in width, and bar/wire width can be up to 65mm.

All springs can be made to measure and come in a range of finishes, suitable for any specific job specifications.

= Find Out More =

== Related Articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ==

* [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Spring_materials Spring Materials]
* [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Key_qualities_of_springs Key Qualities of Springs]
* [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Compression_springs#Find_out_more Compression Springs]
* [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Tension_springs_v_torsion_springs Tension Springs vs Torsion Springs]
* [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/History_of_the_Spring History of the Spring]

[[Category:Products_/_components]]

File:Compression springs on a train.jpg

2018-01-29T09:46:46Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd:

Flat springs

2017-11-15T12:46:29Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd: Protected "Spotlight On: Flat Springs" ([edit=author] (indefinite) [move=author] (indefinite))

= Introduction =

Flat springs are flat strips of material which, when deflected by an external load, store and release energy. These types of spring are small, stamped metal components that function like a spring by controlling deflection within small or restricted spaces.

Manufactured from high carbon spring steel, nickel-silver, high nickel alloys and stainless steel, a flat spring can function as a spacer or ground.

[[File:Leaf spring.jpg|640px]]

= Applications =

Flat springs come in a range of different shapes and sizes for various applications. They are used for numerous purposes within differing industries, such as motors, office equipment, generators, counterbalances, doors and electrical switchgear.

There are many different types of flat spring including the leaf spring and flat coil spring.

= Leaf Spring =

Leaf springs are one of the oldest forms of springing, dating back to medieval times, they are an important component in suspension, such as in a car or other vehicle. They provide stability and help minimise wear and tear on other parts.

Created with individual layers or leaves of metal, they are often used in automotive design and repair on drive or steer axles. Constructed of high alloy spring steel or lighter weight materials such as low carbon steel, this type of spring comes in three basic types; mono-leaf springs, multi-leaf springs and parabolic springs.

= Mono-Leaf Spring =

A mono-leaf spring consists of one plate of springs which is thick in the centre and tapers out to the ends. The amount and length of the taper is critical to the durability and safety of the spring. This type of spring provides lesser spring rates that can hold up a vehicle, also offering less stiffness in terms of bending and controlling the axle.

= Multi-Leaf Spring =

A multi-leaf spring is an engineered system designed to provide support, stability and safety to a vehicle. The length and make-up of each spring is important as each leaf is designed to carry a proportionate amount of load and stress.

Each leaf is designed to provide support to the leaf above and below it, and it is this feature which provides support for the vehicle.

= Parabolic Spring =

A parabolic spring is a leaf or set of leaves which are tapered in a parabolic way rather than in a linear one. The tapering in a single leaf handles the force distribution from the vehicle to the axle, and works as a complete multi-leaf spring.

Parabolic springs design is characterised by fewer leaves whose thickness varies from the centre to ends following a parabolic curve, preventing unwanted inter-leaf friction. They tend to have more flexibility and for this, they are commonly used on buses.

= Flat Coil Springs =

Flat coil springs are used with a counterweight to control the action of valves, such as those in a vehicle exhaust system. They are wound into a specific configuration to absorb shocks or provide tension, and can be found in seating to provide support, or in automotive applications.

--[[User:European Springs and Pressings Ltd|European Springs and Pressings Ltd]] 12:46, 15 Nov 2017 (BST)

Flat springs

2017-11-15T12:46:07Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd: Created page with "= Introduction = Flat springs are flat strips of material which, when deflected by an external load, store and release energy. These types of spring are small, stamped metal com..."

= Introduction =

Flat springs are flat strips of material which, when deflected by an external load, store and release energy. These types of spring are small, stamped metal components that function like a spring by controlling deflection within small or restricted spaces.

Manufactured from high carbon spring steel, nickel-silver, high nickel alloys and stainless steel, a flat spring can function as a spacer or ground.

[[File:Leaf spring.jpg|640px]]

= Applications =

Flat springs come in a range of different shapes and sizes for various applications. They are used for numerous purposes within differing industries, such as motors, office equipment, generators, counterbalances, doors and electrical switchgear.

There are many different types of flat spring including the leaf spring and flat coil spring.

= Leaf Spring =

Leaf springs are one of the oldest forms of springing, dating back to medieval times, they are an important component in suspension, such as in a car or other vehicle. They provide stability and help minimise wear and tear on other parts.

Created with individual layers or leaves of metal, they are often used in automotive design and repair on drive or steer axles. Constructed of high alloy spring steel or lighter weight materials such as low carbon steel, this type of spring comes in three basic types; mono-leaf springs, multi-leaf springs and parabolic springs.

= Mono-Leaf Spring =

A mono-leaf spring consists of one plate of springs which is thick in the centre and tapers out to the ends. The amount and length of the taper is critical to the durability and safety of the spring. This type of spring provides lesser spring rates that can hold up a vehicle, also offering less stiffness in terms of bending and controlling the axle.

= Multi-Leaf Spring =

A multi-leaf spring is an engineered system designed to provide support, stability and safety to a vehicle. The length and make-up of each spring is important as each leaf is designed to carry a proportionate amount of load and stress.

Each leaf is designed to provide support to the leaf above and below it, and it is this feature which provides support for the vehicle.

= Parabolic Spring =

A parabolic spring is a leaf or set of leaves which are tapered in a parabolic way rather than in a linear one. The tapering in a single leaf handles the force distribution from the vehicle to the axle, and works as a complete multi-leaf spring.

Parabolic springs design is characterised by fewer leaves whose thickness varies from the centre to ends following a parabolic curve, preventing unwanted inter-leaf friction. They tend to have more flexibility and for this, they are commonly used on buses.

= Flat Coil Springs =

Flat coil springs are used with a counterweight to control the action of valves, such as those in a vehicle exhaust system. They are wound into a specific configuration to absorb shocks or provide tension, and can be found in seating to provide support, or in automotive applications.

--[[User:European Springs and Pressings Ltd|European Springs and Pressings Ltd]] 12:46, 15 Nov 2017 (BST)

File:Leaf spring.jpg

2017-11-15T12:40:09Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd: uploaded a new version of "File:Leaf spring.jpg"

File:Leaf spring.jpg

2017-11-15T12:39:16Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd:

File:Leaf-springs id481.jpg

2017-11-15T12:37:21Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd:

Compression springs

2017-10-18T14:24:25Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd: Protected "Compression springs" ([edit=author] (indefinite))

= Introduction =

Springs are used in a variety of ways in many industries around the world. The compression spring was one of the first springs to be invented and it has become, by far, one of the most studied type.

Compression springs are open-coiled springs which are wound in a helical shape. They are designed to oppose compression, meaning they can push back when they are pushed on. Helically wound compression springs are the most common configuration and have an extensive range of uses.

Compression springs are typically positioned over a rod or fitted into a hole. When the spring is subject to pressure caused by weight pressing on its axis, it compresses and becomes shorter. As the spring compresses, it gains a potential to push back in an effort to return to its original position.

= History of use =

Compression springs are one of the key components of many pieces of equipment that we use on a daily basis, but their origins date back more than 600 years. Compression springs were first used in door locks, to ensure that only one specific type of key could be used to unlock the door.

It wasn’t long before compression springs were used in the world’s first spring powered clock. This was a success, but it took time before scientists became interested. The most famous of these scientists was Robert Hooke, who developed a law that defined the nature of the compression spring; Hooke’s law.

Hooke’s law states that the force that a spring exerts is directly proportional to its extension. This is important, as it provides an understanding of the amount of force that is required for the spring to compress or extend in a certain application. This changed how springs were used and is the reason they are so common now.

= Usage 1: Pacemakers =

Small springs are typically used in applications where quality control and minute actions are key. For example, in watchmaking or, in the medical industry. Medical instruments require the most precise objects for them to work efficiently, especially if they are to be used to aid humans. An example of this is springs used in pacemakers.

= Usage 2: Oil Rigs =

Oil rigs are some of the most robust man-made structures, but they must also endure some of the world’s fiercest and harshest weather conditions. As such, they need to use components that help maintain their shape, no matter what the weather. For underwater piping, garter springs – a specific type of compression spring - are used to ensure no water/oil leaks in/out of the pipes. The reason for this is that garter springs provide an inward radial force, ideal for securing a joint.

= Usage 3: Suspension Systems =

Springs can provide an extension or a compression, depending on the situation. For example, if a heavy load is applied to a compression spring, it will compress in such a way that is proportional to the force.

Because of this, compression springs can be used to hold heavy loads without affecting another structure. An example of this is in suspension systems; compression springs, as well as important hydraulic components in vehicle suspension systems, help to act as shock absorbers, which is important when driving.

= Other applications =

The force produced by compression springs makes them an excellent vessel for storing energy, ideal for numerous applications. They are used in everyday items, such as pens, vehicles, and mobile phones.

Compression springs can be manufactured in any size, with varying degrees of stiffness, known as spring rate.

Larger compression springs with greater spring rate are used in stamping presses in the printing industry and in other appliances, such as lawn mowers. Smaller compression springs are found in medical devices, small electronic devices, precision instruments and tools. They are commonly used in automotive, aerospace, and consumer applications.

[[File:Compression_spring_2.jpg|link=File:Compression_spring_2.jpg]]

= Strength and stress =

Stress is determined by a spring’s dimensions and its load bearing deflection requirements. The type of stress on a coil is referred to as torsion. As the coil is compressed, the surface of the coil exposed to pressure is subject to the greatest stress but, as the spring deflects, the rest of the spring takes on more stress. This is known as a range of operating stress.

= Types and uses =

Conical, hourglass, and barrel-shaped are all types of compression springs used in applications requiring low solid, increased stability, or resistance to surging. These types of spring have a small solid height, designed so each active coil fits within the next coil, resulting in the solid height being equal to one or two thickness of wire. This is useful where the solid height is limited.

Variable rate springs offer a constant uniform pitch and have an increasing force rate. The larger coils gradually begin to bottom as a force is applied.

Being the most common type of spring, the most common consumers are engineering companies, the defence industry, and vehicles.

= Find out more =

=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===

* E-spring.
* Key qualities of springs.
* Spring materials.
* The importance of gas springs.
* Using springs in construction to prevent disaster.

--[[User:European Springs and Pressings Ltd|European Springs and Pressings Ltd]] 15:24, 18 Oct 2017 (BST)

[[Category:Products_/_components]]

Compression springs

2017-10-18T14:24:03Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd:

= Introduction =

Springs are used in a variety of ways in many industries around the world. The compression spring was one of the first springs to be invented and it has become, by far, one of the most studied type.

Compression springs are open-coiled springs which are wound in a helical shape. They are designed to oppose compression, meaning they can push back when they are pushed on. Helically wound compression springs are the most common configuration and have an extensive range of uses.

Compression springs are typically positioned over a rod or fitted into a hole. When the spring is subject to pressure caused by weight pressing on its axis, it compresses and becomes shorter. As the spring compresses, it gains a potential to push back in an effort to return to its original position.

= History of use =

Compression springs are one of the key components of many pieces of equipment that we use on a daily basis, but their origins date back more than 600 years. Compression springs were first used in door locks, to ensure that only one specific type of key could be used to unlock the door.

It wasn’t long before compression springs were used in the world’s first spring powered clock. This was a success, but it took time before scientists became interested. The most famous of these scientists was Robert Hooke, who developed a law that defined the nature of the compression spring; Hooke’s law.

Hooke’s law states that the force that a spring exerts is directly proportional to its extension. This is important, as it provides an understanding of the amount of force that is required for the spring to compress or extend in a certain application. This changed how springs were used and is the reason they are so common now.

= Usage 1: Pacemakers =

Small springs are typically used in applications where quality control and minute actions are key. For example, in watchmaking or, in the medical industry. Medical instruments require the most precise objects for them to work efficiently, especially if they are to be used to aid humans. An example of this is springs used in pacemakers.

= Usage 2: Oil Rigs =

Oil rigs are some of the most robust man-made structures, but they must also endure some of the world’s fiercest and harshest weather conditions. As such, they need to use components that help maintain their shape, no matter what the weather. For underwater piping, garter springs – a specific type of compression spring - are used to ensure no water/oil leaks in/out of the pipes. The reason for this is that garter springs provide an inward radial force, ideal for securing a joint.

= Usage 3: Suspension Systems =

Springs can provide an extension or a compression, depending on the situation. For example, if a heavy load is applied to a compression spring, it will compress in such a way that is proportional to the force.

Because of this, compression springs can be used to hold heavy loads without affecting another structure. An example of this is in suspension systems; compression springs, as well as important hydraulic components in vehicle suspension systems, help to act as shock absorbers, which is important when driving.

= Other applications =

The force produced by compression springs makes them an excellent vessel for storing energy, ideal for numerous applications. They are used in everyday items, such as pens, vehicles, and mobile phones.

Compression springs can be manufactured in any size, with varying degrees of stiffness, known as spring rate.

Larger compression springs with greater spring rate are used in stamping presses in the printing industry and in other appliances, such as lawn mowers. Smaller compression springs are found in medical devices, small electronic devices, precision instruments and tools. They are commonly used in automotive, aerospace, and consumer applications.

[[File:Compression_spring_2.jpg|link=File:Compression_spring_2.jpg]]

= Strength and stress =

Stress is determined by a spring’s dimensions and its load bearing deflection requirements. The type of stress on a coil is referred to as torsion. As the coil is compressed, the surface of the coil exposed to pressure is subject to the greatest stress but, as the spring deflects, the rest of the spring takes on more stress. This is known as a range of operating stress.

= Types and uses =

Conical, hourglass, and barrel-shaped are all types of compression springs used in applications requiring low solid, increased stability, or resistance to surging. These types of spring have a small solid height, designed so each active coil fits within the next coil, resulting in the solid height being equal to one or two thickness of wire. This is useful where the solid height is limited.

Variable rate springs offer a constant uniform pitch and have an increasing force rate. The larger coils gradually begin to bottom as a force is applied.

Being the most common type of spring, the most common consumers are engineering companies, the defence industry, and vehicles.

= Find out more =

=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===

* E-spring.
* Key qualities of springs.
* Spring materials.
* The importance of gas springs.
* Using springs in construction to prevent disaster.

--[[User:European Springs and Pressings Ltd|European Springs and Pressings Ltd]] 15:24, 18 Oct 2017 (BST)

[[Category:Products_/_components]]

Tension springs v torsion springs

2017-09-25T08:45:59Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd:

[[File:Extension Spring -iStock 000062855208 Medium.jpg|400px]]

= Introduction =

Although sounding similar, tension and torsion springs are completely different. Tension springs are manufactured to operate with tension; as tightly wound coils, they stretch to a specific length as torque is applied to them. When in an unloaded position, the spring loops are touching with either a hook or a loop that is attached at one of the ends. The springs stretch when this attachment is directed with force. The springing action is caused when the components are pulled apart and the springs attempt to hold themselves together. After the force is stopped, they return to their original position.

Torsion springs are coiled springs, which work due to a twisting or torsion rotational motion. This allows for an object to store mechanical energy as it’s twisted, exerting force in the opposite direction depending on the angle that it is twisted. A helical looped design is the most common design for torsion springs, which consists of a coiled metal wire that is twister tighter and tighter by sideways forces that are applied on either a left-hand or a right-hand helix.

= Tension Springs =

Most springs follow Hooke’s Law of elasticity, which states that the extension of an elastic rod is linearly proportional to the force, or torque, used to stretch it. The law is held approximately when the deformation is considered to be small in comparison to the overall length of the rod. The equation used to represent the force of a fully compressed spring is the following:

[[File:Tension.png|link=File:Tension.png]]

In which:

E – is Young’s modulus

d – is the spring wire diameter

L – is the free length of the spring

n – is the number of active windings

v – is Poisson’s ratio

D – is the spring’s outer diameter

= Torsion Springs =

Torsion springs work by either twisting or torsion, in which they store mechanical energy when twisted. When they are twisted, the springs exert torque in the opposite direction in a proportional amount to the angle that they are twisted.

These springs obey Hooke’s Law, as long as not twisted beyond the elastic limit:

[[File:Torsion.png|link=File:Torsion.png]]

In which τ represents the exerted torque by the spring in newton-metres, k is a constant of newton-metres units, and θ represents the angle of twist from the equilibrium position in radians.

In joules, U, the energy stored in a torsion spring is represented by the following equation:

[[File:Torsion2.png|link=File:Torsion2.png]]

= Uses of Tension Springs =

* Trampolines
* Garage doors
* Carburators
* Surgical lights
* Farm machinery

= Uses of Torsion Springs =

* Clothespins
* Clocks
* Door hinges
* Car clutches
* Hospital beds

--[[User:European_Springs_and_Pressings_Ltd|European Springs and Pressings Ltd]] 09:44, 25 Sep 2017 (BST)

[[Category:Design]]

File:Extension Spring -iStock 000062855208 Medium.jpg

2017-09-25T08:45:39Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd:

Tension springs v torsion springs

2017-09-25T08:44:53Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd: Protected "The Difference Between Tension and Torsion Springs" ([edit=author] (indefinite) [move=author] (indefinite))

= Introduction =

Although sounding similar, tension and torsion springs are completely different. Tension springs are manufactured to operate with tension; as tightly wound coils, they stretch to a specific length as torque is applied to them. When in an unloaded position, the spring loops are touching with either a hook or a loop that is attached at one of the ends. The springs stretch when this attachment is directed with force. The springing action is caused when the components are pulled apart and the springs attempt to hold themselves together. After the force is stopped, they return to their original position.

Torsion springs are coiled springs, which work due to a twisting or torsion rotational motion. This allows for an object to store mechanical energy as it’s twisted, exerting force in the opposite direction depending on the angle that it is twisted. A helical looped design is the most common design for torsion springs, which consists of a coiled metal wire that is twister tighter and tighter by sideways forces that are applied on either a left-hand or a right-hand helix.

= Tension Springs =

Most springs follow Hooke’s Law of elasticity, which states that the extension of an elastic rod is linearly proportional to the force, or torque, used to stretch it. The law is held approximately when the deformation is considered to be small in comparison to the overall length of the rod. The equation used to represent the force of a fully compressed spring is the following:

[[File:Tension.png]]

In which:

E – is Young’s modulus

d – is the spring wire diameter

L – is the free length of the spring

n – is the number of active windings

v – is Poisson’s ratio

D – is the spring’s outer diameter

= Torsion Springs =

Torsion springs work by either twisting or torsion, in which they store mechanical energy when twisted. When they are twisted, the springs exert torque in the opposite direction in a proportional amount to the angle that they are twisted.

These springs obey Hooke’s Law, as long as not twisted beyond the elastic limit:

[[File:Torsion.png]]

In which τ represents the exerted torque by the spring in newton-metres, k is a constant of newton-metres units, and θ represents the angle of twist from the equilibrium position in radians.

In joules, U, the energy stored in a torsion spring is represented by the following equation:

[[File:Torsion2.png]]

= Uses of Tension Springs =

* Trampolines
* Garage doors
* Carburators
* Surgical lights
* Farm machinery

= Uses of Torsion Springs =

* Clothespins
* Clocks
* Door hinges
* Car clutches
* Hospital beds

--[[User:European Springs and Pressings Ltd|European Springs and Pressings Ltd]] 09:44, 25 Sep 2017 (BST)

[[Category:Design]]

Tension springs v torsion springs

2017-09-25T08:44:46Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd: Created page with " = Introduction = Although sounding similar, tension and torsion springs are completely different. Tension springs are manufactured to operate with tension; as tightly wound ..."

File:Torsion2.png

2017-09-25T08:44:28Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd:

File:Torsion.png

2017-09-25T08:44:12Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd:

File:Tension.png

2017-09-25T08:43:22Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd:

History of the Spring

2017-09-20T13:32:42Z

European Springs and Pressings Ltd: Protected "History of the Spring" ([edit=author] (indefinite))

[[File:E-spring car 2.jpg]]

= Introduction =

Springs date back centuries and have been created out of several different materials since then. Very different from the modern spring, these ancient springs were, nonetheless, a useful invention at the time and became a precursor to what we find today.

Springs can be split into non-coiled and coiled categories, with the non-coiled springs having existed for a very long time – an example is the bow and arrow, used by many throughout history for protection and hunting. Coiled springs are more modern, having appeared in later centuries.

= Bronze Age =

Technology varied immensely during this time period. The Bronze Age saw the development of crude spring designs (such as the tweezer), as well as the creation of a type of chariot in 1333 BC, which was popularised by Tutankhamun and that had what was possibly a very basic suspension system designed to absorb shock and made with basic springs as well. At a later time period, during the Roman era, leaf springs were used for chariots too.

= Middle Ages =

Villard the Honnecourt created a power saw that used a water wheel to push the blade in one direction while bending a pole at the same time. When the pole returned to its normal state, the blade was pulled in the opposite direction.

= Renaissance =

Leonardo da Vinci was one of the most famous figures of the Renaissance and is regarded as a true Renaissance man for his ability in a variety of fields, from mathematics and geology to civil engineering and chemistry. In 1493, the Italian inventor created a spring that was then used for pistols. This small spring allowed shooters to use only one hand, something completely new at the time.

A series of inventions allowed for the development of increasingly complex springs for the next few centuries. The first spring-powered clocks appeared in the 15th century as well and allowed for the development of the first large watches in the 16th century. In 1676, Robert Hooke, a British physicist, discovered that the force a spring exerts is proportional to its extension, a phenomenon called Hooke’s Law.

= Industrial Revolution =

In 1763, R. Tradwell patented the original coil spring, which didn’t need to be lubricated often as leaf springs did. During this time period, new springs were created too, from the first balance springs and clock springs (which were used in timekeeping devices) to mattress springs.

In 1857, the first coiled spring made from steel write was invented, patented in America and used in a chair seat. The first ‘modern’ shock absorber was fitted to a racing bike by J M M Truffault in 1898.

= Modern Times =

Spring technology has advanced in leaps since the Industrial Revolution and, nowadays, springs can be found everywhere, from trampolines, bike and cars, to golf balls, jet skis and pogo sticks. The famous compression and extension springs were introduced during the Henry Ford era and developed until what they are today.

The tools, machinery and equipment used to manufacture springs have also changed over time. While it was necessary that springs were produced by hand, manufacturers everywhere also have the chance to use machinery to produce large quantities of springs.

= Find Out More =

[[Compression_springs|Compression Springs]]

[[Extension_Springs|Extension Springs]]

[[Torsion_Springs_and_Their_Benefits|Torsion Springs and Their Benefits]]

[[The_Importance_of_Gas_Springs|The Importance of Gas Springs]]

[[Key_Qualities_of_Springs|Key Qualities of Springs]]

--[[User:European Springs and Pressings Ltd|European Springs and Pressings Ltd]] 14:32, 20 Sep 2017 (BST)