Designing Buildings - User contributions [en]

CIOB articles

2026-10-22T05:35:50Z

Designing Buildings:

The following articles were created with content sourced from the Chartered Institute of Building.

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# CIOB celebrates positive Ofsted report for apprenticeship courses. October 2026.
# Introduction to radon awareness in the built environment. October 2026.
# CIOB publishes free drugs and alcohol policy template. October 2026.
# Why information management is central to digital construction. September 2026
# Shortlist for CIOB's Art of Building 2026 competition. September 2026
# New publication highlights latest guidance for tackling damp and mould. September 2026
# Understanding the changes to the National Planning Policy Framework 2026. September 2026
# The importance of early engagement. August 2026
# CIOB publishes free building regulations and Building Safety Act advice for clients. August 2026
# CIOB responds to built environment professions call for evidence. August 2026
# Art of Building 2026. August 2026
# Silica toolkit. August 2026
# Combining mid-career qualifications with experience broadens career opportunities. July 2026
# CIOB reacts to new Prime Minister. July 2026
# Bridging the gap between clients and contractors: From insight to practical delivery. June 2026
# The King’s Speech May 2026. (mention) May 2026
# Cyber Security in the Built Environment: Protecting projects, data, and digital assets. May 2026
# CIOB stresses importance of construction to new Scottish and Welsh governments. May 2026
# Everywhere to see: Women's Contributions to the Built Environment. May 2026
# What the UK’s new housing standards mean for homes, landlords and tenants. April 2026.
# Survey on CDM Regulations launched by CIOB‎. April 2026.
# Construction SMEs face mounting cost pressures and insolvencies despite continuous growth, report warns. March 2026
# Male construction workers and prostate cancer. March 2026
# CIOB student challenge inspires a new 2026 wave of Irish construction professionals. March 2026
# CIOB Apprentice of the Year 2025/26. March 2026
# Prostate Cancer Awareness Month. Why talking about prostate cancer matters in construction. March 2026
# National construction careers campaign needed to meet development demand. March 2026
# Climate Resilience and Adaptation In the Built Environment. March 2026
# Scottish parents prioritise construction and apprenticeship routes, CIOB data shows. March 2026
# Cutting carbon, cost and risk in estate management. February 2026.
# Chartered bodies call for greater recognition of professional standard (mention). February 2026.
# Core construction skills explained. February 2026.
# Apprenticeships and the responsibility we share. February 2026.
# Strengthening industry collaboration in Hong Kong. February 2026.
# Built environment bodies deepen joint action on EDI with 2025-30 plan. February 2026.
# Intellectual property rights, copyright, patents, and trademarks (mention). February 2026.
# Welsh and Scottish 2026 elections (mention). February 2026.
# CIOB publishes Scottish Election Manifesto. February 2026.
# CIOB publishes Welsh Election Manifesto. February 2026.
# Looking back on CIOB Academy in 2025 and where it's going next. January 2026.
# Resident engagement as the key to successful retrofits. January 2026.
# The Warm Homes Plan details released. (mention), January 2026.
# From QS to Further Education Teacher. January 2026.
# AI and Construction. The Power of Progress, Not Perfection. January 2026.
# Dr Victoria Hills joins CIOB as CEO. January 2026.
# CIOB December Policy Update. December 2025.
# Industry reaction, as MHCLG publishes single construction regulator prospectus. December 2025.
# Building Safety recap November, 2025 (mention). December 2025.
# From construction apprentice to CIOB hub vice-chair. December 2025.
# Reusing empty properties in the built environment (mention). December 2025.
# Offices stand empty while Ireland faces housing shortages. New report poses solutions. December 2025.
# Construction and the autumn Budget 2025 (mention). November 2025.
# Helping avoid the skills gaps in construction. November 2025.
# Driving environmental professionalism across construction. November 2025.
# Understanding the role of quality materials. November 2025.
# CIOB launches first client survey. November 2025.
# Explaining the UK Government’s late payment reforms. November 2025.
# CIOB Technical Publication: Pre-construction services agreement. November 2025.
# The arc: identifying and engaging specialist historic environment professionals (update). November 2025.
# Building Safety recap October, 2025 (mention). November 2025.
# CIOB backs Code for Construction Product Information. November 2025.
# Retrofitting challenges in traditional and non-traditional buildings. October 2025.
# CIOB responds to Ireland budget announcement for 2025. October 2025.
# CIOB Scotland construction sector awards 2025. October 2025.
# Capacity Constraints in Construction: Rethinking the Business Environment. October 2025.
# The value of long-term relationships and early contractor involvement. October 2025.
# Is cultural safety the missing ingredient in building safety? September 2025.
# Celebrating construction across Ireland at the CIOB awards for 2025. September 2025.
# Sustainable Construction: Shifting the narrative. September 2025.
# Understanding the reforms to the Decent Homes Standard. September 2025.
# FMB and CIOB publish State of Trade survey findings 2025. September 2025.
# Launching CIOB Aspire. September 2025.
# How construction waste management in the UK is changing. August 2025.
# The Net Zero Carbon Buildings Standard and the proposed Part Z (menton). August 2025.
# Design and construction industry podcasts (mention). August 2025.
# Manufacturer competency codes, standards and frameworks (mention). August 2025.
# Competence is not a one-time achievement. August 2025.
# CIOB encourages young Scots receiving N5 results to build a career in construction. August 2025.
# Ola Obadara FCIOB appointed CIOB Vice President for 2025/26. August 2025.
# Guide to Products Critical to Safe Construction. August 2025.
# Promoting discussion, collaboration and community at the CIOB Member Forum 2025. July 2025
# CIOB report; a blueprint for SDGs and the built environment. July 2025
# RTPI leader to become new CIOB Chief Executive Officer. July 2025
# The UK's Modern Industrial Strategy: A 10 year plan (mention). June 2025
# Paul Gandy FCIOB announced as next CIOB President. June 2025
# UK Infrastructure: A 10 Year Strategy. In brief with reactions. June 2025
# Understanding Mental Health in the Built Environment 2025. June 2025
# New guide for clients launched at Houses of Parliament. June 2025
# Built Environment professional bodies deepen commitment to EDI with two new signatories. June 2025
# CIOB awards (update team award). May 2025
# CIOB responds to committee report criticising UK retrofit schemes. May 2025
# Design and construction industry podcasts (mention). May 2025
# CIOB awards. May 2025
# CIOB Construction Manager of the Year 2025. May 2025
# Mental health support on the rise but workers still struggling, CIOB report shows. May 2025
# Digital technology, transformation and cybersecurity. May 2025
# CIOB and CORBON combine to elevate professional standards in Nigeria. April 2025
# CIOB Client Guide (2nd edition). April 2025
# Retrofit of Buildings, a CIOB Technical Publication available in 3 languages. April 2025
# Spring Statement 2025 with reactions from industry. April 2025
# 600 million investment for 60,000 more skilled construction workers announced (mention). March 2025
# CIOB Apprentice of the Year 2024/2025. March 2025
# CIOB shares insights on attracting more young people to construction. March 2025
# CIOB student challenge inspires a new wave of Irish construction professionals. March 2025
# Lack of construction careers advice threatens housing targets, CIOB warns. March 2025
# UN SDGs provide blueprint for constructions sustainability efforts. March 2025
# Institute of Roofing members welcomed into CIOB. February 2025
# Reactions to the government response to the Grenfell inquiry final report. February 2025
# Embodied Carbon in the Built Environment (repost). February 2025
# Nominations sought for awards celebrating construction excellence in Ireland and Northern Ireland. February 2025
# CIOB Northern Ireland inspires next generation of construction talent. February 2025
# Practical steps that can be undertaken in the Management of Contractors to discharge the relevant CDM 2015 duties. January 2025
# CIOB Art of Building 2024 judges choice winner‎. January 2025
# CIOB Art of Building 2024 public choice winner. January 2025
# CIOB Construction Manager of the Year award shortlist revealed. January 2025
# Caroline Gumble to step down as CIOB CEO in 2025 after transformative tenure. January 2025
# CIOB photographic competition public vote. January 2025
# CIOB photographic competition final images revealed. December 2024
# Principal Contractor Competency Certification Scheme. December 2024
# CIOB launches global mental health survey. December 2024
# Retrofit of Buildings, a CIOB Technical Publication. (repost) November 2024
# New homebuilding skills hub launch and industry response. November 2024
# Quality Planning for Micro and Small to Medium Sized Enterprises (repost and tweak). November 2024
# CIOB Ireland launches manifesto for 2024 General Election. November 2024
# Embodied Carbon in the Built Environment. November 2024
# Reactions to the Autumn Budget announcement. October 2024
# Innovative Silica Safety Toolkit Receives Funding Boost in Memory of Construction Visionary. October 2024.
# CIOB signs up to Green Skills At Cop campaign. October 2024.
# CIOB Art of Building photo contest 2024. October 2024.
# CIOB reveals worrying landscape for construction SMEs in Wales. October 2024.
# Digital series on the role of construction in tackling the biodiversity crisis. October 2024.
# A Better Hiring Toolkit for construction (mention). October 2024.
# Ireland budget announcement 2025: CIOB responds. October 2024.
# Retrofit of Buildings, a CIOB Technical Publication (repost). September 2024
# Impact of digital technology on productivity in construction. September 2024
# CIOB and MMC Ireland announce strategic partnership. September 2024
# Industry responds to the final Grenfell inquiry report. September 2024
# CIOB Podcast: 21st Century Construction. September 2024
# CIAT collaborates with CIOB, CIfA, Icon to launch The Arc. August 2024
# Making Diversity and Inclusion easy for SMEs‎.August 2024
# CIOB issue statement in response to riots. August 2024
# CIOB announces sustainability champion Saul Humphrey as vice president for 2024 2025. August 2024
# Guide to Construction Quality (Site Production and Assembly). August 2024
# CIOB's insight into the new Labour government ministers. August 2024
# Retrofit of Buildings, a CIOB Technical Publication. July 2024
# Industry reacts to first labour government King's speech in fifteen years. July 2024
# CIOB Diversity and Inclusion technical information sheet. July 2024
# Construction industry reactions to the election result. July 2024
# Sustainable Development Goals must be focus for construction says CIOB President. June 2024
# New playbook on AI in construction published by CIOB. June 2024
# Principal Contractor Competency Certification Scheme PCCCS. June 2024
# CIOB Awards. (2025 update). June 2024
# The construction industry and the general election (mention). June 2024
# CIOB launches pre-election manifesto. May 2024
# Retrofit experts highlight critical actions Scottish Government must take to reach net-zero targets. May 2024
# Digital construction awards. 2024 shortlists. May 2024
# Digital Construction Awards 2023 Winners. May 2024
# Digital Construction Awards 2022 Winners. May 2024
# CIOB announces new trustees for 2024. May 2024
# Homeowners fear cost-of-living crisis will derail home improvement plans. May 2024
# Global Student Challenge 2024. April 2024
# Investors in People: CIOB achieves gold. April 2024
# Built environment project and programme management codes of practice. April 2024
# Code of Practice for Project Management for the Built Environment, 6th edition. April 2024
# Code of Practice for Programme Management in the Built Environment. Second edition. April 2024
# CIOB awards ceremony 2024. April 2024
# Barriers and benefits of MMC for Irish housing. April 2024.
# CIOB Client Guide. March 2024
# Employing People with Criminal Convictions in Construction. March 2024
# The reluctance of construction to hire people with criminal convictions revealed. March 2024
# Industry responds to the 2024 Spring Budget announcement. March 2024
# CIOB responds to the 2024 Spring Budget announcement. March 2024
# Building conservation; meaning, understanding and implementation (repost). February 2024
# CIOB comment on Biodiversity Net Gain legislation. February 2024
# CIOB joins forces to urge Government to regulate embodied carbon. February 2024
# The Paul Dockerill Award. February 2024
# Collaboration and challenge. January 2024
# Duty holders according to the Building Regulations Amendment 2023. January 2024
# What the Building Safety Act 2022 means for construction clients.January 2024
# Competence framework for project managers in the built environment launched (mention). January 2024
# Winners of world’s largest built environment photography competition 2023. January 2023.
# Art of Building 2023, vote for the finalists. December 2023.
# Rebecca Lovelace of Building People and CIOB EDI Individual Award Winner 2022 (CIOB mention). December 2023.
# CIOB Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Awards. December 2023.
# Finalists for 2024 CIOB Awards revealed. December 2023.
# The impact of pandemic and new legislation on academy training courses. December 2023.
# 2023 CIOB photography competition public choice award shortlist. December 2023.
# 2023 HSE data on workplace injuries and ill health with industry response‎ (CIOB section). November 2023.
# CIOB responds to the latest HSE data on workplace injuries, ill health and fatalities. November 2023.
# CIOB comments on the Chancellor's Autumn Budget. November 2023.
# 2023 Autumn Statement in brief with reactions (CIOB mention). November 2023.
# Building Safety Act Awareness course launched. November 2023
# Digital Transformation for SMEs: Unlocking the Benefits. November 2023
# CIOB energy efficiency survey. October 2023
# CIOB Ireland responds to Budget 2024. October 2023
# CIOB Art of Building photo contest 2023. October 2023
# Industry reaction to scaling back of HS2 (mention). October 2023
# CIOB social value report 2023. October 2023
# Guide to sustainability in the built environment. October 2023
# Guest editor, Phil Henry (mention). October 2023
# Industry responds to Prime Ministers Net Zero policy announcement. September 2023
# CIOB responds to net zero scaling back. September 2023
# 2023 CIOB Awards Scotland. September 2023
# Construction industry statements and responses to RAAC crisis (CIOB mention). September 2023
# CIOB statement on Reinforced Autoclaved Aerated Concrete‎. September 2023.
# CIOB Building Performance and Evaluation Guide (repost). September 2023.
# A Guide to Managing Safety Critical Elements in Building Construction (repost). September 2023.
# CIOB aims to help ex-offenders build a career in construction. September 2023.
# Help to Fix loan would drive retrofitting says CIOB. August 2023.
# CIOB welcomes new Vice President for 2025. August 2023.
# Top areas every professional needs to do to improve fire safety. August 2023
# Decision on second staircases, Michael Gove. July 2023.
# CIOB comments on Shortage Occupation List. July 2023
# Introduction to Facilities Management for Project Managers in the Built Environment. July 2023
# CIOB People, PPE that fits campaign. July 2023
# A sustainable future for Liverpool. July 2023
# Diversity and inclusion; free course from the CIOB Academy. July 2023
# New CIOB President calls for greater collaboration across construction, education and policy makers. June 2023
# New CIOB Technical Membership, TechCIOB grade aimed at technical experts. June 2023
# Search resumes for coveted CIOB Awards entries. June 2023
# Building Up Ireland: professional insights from the construction sector in 2023. June 2023
# Retrofitting plan for Scotland. May 2023
# CIOB Awards (updated postponement). May 2023
# CIOB Awards 2023 - Search begins for construction's leading lights (updated postponement). May 2023
# Embrace social value or get left behind warns CIOB. May 2023
# Universitas Indonesia win CIOB Global Student Challenge 2023. April 2023
# Revealing the real face of construction. April 2023
# Creation of Housing Minister for Scotland welcomed by CIOB. March2023
# A Guide to Managing Safety Critical Elements in Building Construction. March 2023
# CIOB reveals 2023 Global Student Challenge finalists‎. March 2023
# CIOB supports Scottish charter on construction quality. March 2023
# 2023 Spring Budget summary and industry response. March 2023
# CIOB launches digital resources for construction clients. March 2023
# CIOB Art of Building exhibition opens in China. February 2023
# Digital Construction Awards. February 2023
# CIOB five-year plan. January 2022
# (Enter the) Digital Construction Awards 2023. January 2022
# CIOB Art of Building photo contest 2022 winners. January 2022
# CIOB Building Performance and Evaluation Guide. January 2023
# CIOB Awards 2023 - Search begins for construction's leading lights. January 2023
# CIOB Global Student Challenge 2023. January 2023
# CIOB holds the Art of Building photo contest 2022. December 2022
# CIOB Academy publication, Quality planning for micro and SMEs. December 2022
# CIOB proposes stamp duty deferral on fixer uppers in RoI and NI. December 2022
# CIOB appoints new Vice President for 2022. November 2022
# Inaugural equality, diversity & inclusion conference. November 2022
# Chancellor's 2022 Autumn statement industry response. (joint mention) November 2022
# What are post-nominals ? November 2022
# CIOB at the party conferences 2022‎. November 2022
# CIOB tomorrow leaders community. November 2022
# CIOB Academy course, UN Sustainable Development Goals. October 2022
# CIOB Comment as Rishi Sunak becomes new Prime Minister. October 2022
# CIOB holds the Art of Building photo contest 2022. October 2022
# Scottish construction celebrated at CIOB Awards. October 2022
# Diversity & Inclusion Charter receives 100th signature. October 2022
# CIOB awards (Updated for 2022 event). September 2022
# CIOB Ireland responds to Budget 2023. September 2022
# CIOB reaction to September 2022 mini budget. September 2022
# Industry responds to Liz Truss as new Prime Minister. Septeber 2022
# Lessons learnt during Covid-19 pandemic leave lasting legacy. August 2022
# Finalists for 2022 CIOB Awards revealed. August 2022
# CIOB's response to the Levelling Up and Regeneration Bill. August 2022
# Three year equity, diversity and inclusion action plan. August 2022
# CIOB Managing Temporary Works Technical Information Sheet‎. July 2022
# CIOB Smoke Control Management Technical Information Sheet‎. July 2022
# CIOB Logistics Technical Information Sheet‎. July 2022
# CIOB Academy. July 2022 (updated)
# Construction industry bodies set out shared vision for the built environment. Academy. July 2022
# New CIOB President for 2022. June 2022.
# Sixth edition of the Code of Practice for Project Management. June 2022
# The Platinum Jubilee and Royal Charters. June 2022
# Anti-Slavery Commissioner say construction workers still at risk of exploitation. May 2022
# Buildings client group (BCG). April 2022 ‎
# CIOB awards. April 2022.
# The Construction Innovation and Quality Scholarship. April 2022
# Safer Buildings Conference. February 2022.
# CIOB accepted onto register of end-point assessment organisations. February 2022.
# CIOB strengthens governance structure with new Chair role. February 2022.
# The impact of silicosis on the construction industry. January 2022.
# Charter for diversity and inclusion in construction and special report launched by CIOB. November 2021.
# CIOB holds net zero event with industry experts and UK Government. November 2021.
# CIOB Global Student Challenge 2022. November 2021.
# CIOB response to the Autumn Budget and Spending Review 2021. October 2021.
# CIOB Ireland responds to Budget 2022. October 2021.
# Skyscrapers, staircases and optical illusions - the Art of Building is back. October 2021.
# Meeting the demand for housing in the UK. September 2021.
# CIOB responds to Newsnight report - Trapped: the UK's building safety crisis. September 2021.
# CIOB responds to skills strategy for Northern Ireland. August 2021.
# CIOB responds to CITB mental health and wellbeing report. August 2021.
# CIOB Connect mobile app. August 2021.
# Diploma in Building Safety Management. July 2021
# CIOB reviews the Building Safety Bill. July 2021.
# Pyrite and mica redress issues in Dail Eireann. July 2021.
# Interview with Paloma Hermoso, Senior Project Manager CIOB MAPM, Baker Ruff Hannon. June 2021.
# Chartered builders and chartered construction managers receive official recognition in Northern Ireland public procurement. June 2021.
# CIOB Global Student Challenge 2021 finalists. May 2021.
# Annual construction awards introduce two new categories. April 2021.
# Irish construction may struggle to meet demands. April 2021.
# Future Buildings Standard shortcomings raised. April 2021.
# Investors In People award CIOB silver accreditation. April 2021.
# Virtual reality construction experience for students. March 2021.
# January 2021 construction output figures. March 2021.
# Successor activity. February 2021.
# Stress test. February 2021.
# Start-finish logic. February 2021.
# Start-start logic. February 2021.
# Rescheduling. February 2021.
# Standard project. February 2021.
# Progress date. February 2021.
# Predecessor activity. February 2021.
# Finish-start logic. February 2021.
# CIOB Planning Protocol 2021. February 2021.
# CIOB conservation scheme welcomes retrofit roles. February 2021.
# December 2020 GDP figures show construction vulnerable. February 2021.
# New Homes Quality Board. February 2021.
# CIOB Adapt and Thrive conference 2021. February 2021.
# Protecting tenants and leaseholders from unsafe cladding. February 2021.
# Health performance indicators in the built environment. January 2021.
# Construction quality management guide. January 2021.
# Fire safety certification from CIOB. January 2021.
# CIOB responds to Sixth Carbon Budget. December 2020.
# Golden Thread report published by CIOB and i3PT. December 2020.
# CIOB 2020 CMYA and Rising Stars Announced. November 2020.
# CIOB Global Student Challenge 2021. November 2020.
# CIOB building conservation courses receive English Heritage endorsement. November 2020.
# Leading built environment bodies call for sprinklers in all schools. October 2020.
# CIOB holds the Art of Building photo contest. October 2020.
# CIOB reacts to 2020 Winter Economy Plan. September 2020.
# Finalists announced for CIOB Rising Star Award 2020. August 2020.
# Government urged to include home energy retrofits in Industrial Strategy. August 2020.
# CIOB president sees change ahead. June 2020.
# UK BIM Alliance and CIOB join forces. June 2020.
# Construction sites urged to integrate test and trace. June 2020.
# Understanding mental health in the built environment. May 2020.
# Quality policy. May 2020
# The CIOB welcomes assurance of Exchequer-funded capital projects in Ireland. Apr 2020
# Northern Ireland construction output Q4 2019. Apr 2020
# BEIS Reforming Regulation Initiative. Apr 2020
# Proposed changes: MHCLG consultation on house building statistics. Apr 2020
# CIOB urges construction industry to share PPE with healthcare providers. Mar 2020
# Construction output and GDP for quarter 4 2019. Feb 2020
# Auction theory. July 2019
# CIOB quality management code. Sep 2019
# CIOB response to 'Building a Safer Future' consultation. Aug 2019
# CIOB Value of Construction: Scotland report. Jun 2019
# Time and cost management contract suite. May 2019
# What does the Northern Powerhouse mean for us?. May 2019
# Invest in getting estimates right. Apr 2019
# Modern slavery in the construction sector. Apr 2019
# Balance for Better: Why lack of diversity is an issue for everyone. Mar 2019
# Research and development tax credits. Feb 2019
# Combined action needed to tackle severe skills shortages. Feb 2019
# The Role of Security in the Construction Industry. Feb 2019
# Development schedule. Jan 2019
# Improving quality in the built environment. Dec 2018
# CIOB Chief Executive announces retirement. Nov 2018
# Construction quality management course. Sep 2018
# Sustainable construction and development online course. Aug 2018
# Aircrete blocks. Jul 2018
# Construction and the Modern Slavery Act. May 2018
# Building in Quality: Joint Memorandum of Understanding. Mar 2018
# Guide to good practice in the management of time in major projects: Dynamic time modelling. Feb 2018
# CIOB and Stronger Together. Oct 2017
# CIOB Building Conservation Certification Scheme. Jun 2017
# CIOB Commission of Past Presidents. Jun 2017
# CIOB 2017 manifesto. May 2017
# Think Construction toolkit. May 2017
# CIOB join Build UK. Mar 2017
# Modern slavery toolkit. Feb 2017
# One CIOB. Jan 2017
# All-in rates. Dec 2016
# Approved contractor. Dec 2016
# Code of Estimating Practice. Dec 2016
# Consortium. Dec 2016
# Head office overheads. Dec 2016
# Mark-up. Dec 2016
# Masterminds of Construction. Dec 2016
# New code of estimating practice. Dec 2016
# Project overheads. Dec 2016
# Social mobility and construction: Building routes to opportunity. Dec 2016
# Tender works programme. Dec 2016
# CIOB academy. Nov 2016
# Code of practice for programme management. Sep 2016
# Code of practice for project management. Sep 2016
# The changing form of building worldwide 1984. Sep 2016
# Building a fairer system: Tackling modern day slavery. Jul 2016
# CIOB International innovation and research awards 2016. Jul 2016
# Craft your Future. May 2016
# Productivity in construction: Creating a framework for the industry to thrive. May 2016
# Exploring the impact of the ageing population on the workforce and built environment. Dec 2015
# The effectiveness of current smart home technologies to improve energy efficiency. Sep 2015
# 3D MOVE: Mobile Immersive Visualisation Environment. May 2015
# BIM Development for the Crossrail Farringdon Station. May 2015
# BIM-Hub, Educating Future Built Environment Professionals to Work in BIM Environment. May 2015
# Comparing the fit between BREEAM assessment and design processes. May 2015
# Construction efficiency: A tale of two developed countries. May 2015
# Does NEC3 aid collaboration in construction?. May 2015
# Effect of safety investments on safety performance of building projects. May 2015
# Icynene spray foam insulation. May 2015
# Improving the Safety of Single Carriageways in Northern Ireland. May 2015
# Inspiring the future initiative for schools. May 2015
# Japanese construction contractors in the international market. May 2015
# Modelling building construction durations in Nigeria. May 2015
# Oxypod. May 2015
# Q-Bot. May 2015
# Risk identification and allocation of Singapore construction joint venture projects with developing countries. May 2015
# Site Reconnaissance App SRAp. May 2015
# The history of human resource management. May 2015
# UtterBerry intelligent wireless sensor system. May 2015
# Bowen Jenkins Legacy Research Fund. Mar 2015
# Flagship first project for CPC 2013. Feb 2015
# Biomimicry. Mar 2014
# Chaos theory. Mar 2014
# Complexity theory. Mar 2014
# Fuzzy logic. Mar 2014
# Construction site personnel. Nov 2013
# Quality control for construction works. Nov 2013
# Site personnel. Nov 2013
# Client commissioning of construction works. Oct 2013
# Commissioning v testing. Oct 2013
# Computers in building design. Oct 2013
# Computers in construction tendering. Oct 2013
# Computers in the management of construction. Oct 2013
# Critical path method CPM. Oct 2013
# Ex gratis payment. Oct 2013
# Gantt chart. Oct 2013
# Overcoming difficulties in construction value management. Oct 2013
# Project manager's report for building design and construction. Oct 2013
# Scheduling construction activities. Oct 2013
# Productivity in building design and construction. Sep 2013
# Cost control in building design and construction. Sep 2013
# Design management plan. Sep 2013
# Site selection and acquisition for construction. Sep 2013
# Value engineering in building design and construction. Sep 2013
# Value in building design and construction. Sep 2013
# Value management techniques for building design and construction. Sep 2013
# Complex projects contract CPC 2013. Aug 2013
# Construction organisation design. Aug 2013
# Types of construction organisations. Aug 2013
# Time and cost management contract TCM15. Apr 2013
# Risk management. Nov 2011
# Value management in building design and construction. Nov 2011

--[[User:CIOB|CIOB]]

= CIOB reaction to September 2022 mini budget =

[[Category:DCN_Organisation]] [[Category:Education]] [[Category:Organisations]]

News from the web

2026-10-22T05:35:01Z

Designing Buildings:

Check out some of the best features and news from Designing Buildings as well as key stories from around the web.

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[[CIOB_celebrates_positive_Ofsted_report_for_apprenticeship_courses|Apprenticeships]]

[[File:CIOB logo blue 350.jpg|link=CIOB_celebrates_positive_Ofsted_report_for_apprenticeship_courses]]

CIOB celebrates positive Ofsted report.

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[[Call_for_evidence_on_Part_K_of_the_building_regulations|Approved document K]]

[[File:Building_safety_regulator_and_building_350.jpg|link=Call_for_evidence_on_Part_K_of_the_building_regulations]]

The Building Safety Regulator announces a call for evidence.

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[[Housing_and_heritage|Housing and heritage]]

[[File:Blandford_350.jpg|link=Housing_and_heritage]]

Government approach could undermine delivery and regeneration.

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[[The_world's_first_mass_timber_data_centre|World's first mass timber data centre]].

[[File:Mass_timber_data_centre_350.jpg|link=The_world's_first_mass_timber_data_centre]]

The overlooked environmental aspect of data centre development.

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[[Introduction_to_Radon_Awareness_in_the_Built_Environment|Introduction to radon awareness]]

[[File:Introduction_to_Radon_Awareness_in_the_Built_Environment_350.jpg|link=Introduction_to_Radon_Awareness_in_the_Built_Environment]]

New technical information sheet published by CIOB.

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[[Updated_supplier_guide_to_help_electrical_contractors_engage_with_New_Hospital_Programme|New Hospital Programme]]

[[File:New_Hospital_Programme_suppliers_guide_350.jpg|link=Updated_supplier_guide_to_help_electrical_contractors_engage_with_New_Hospital_Programme]]

Updated supplier guide can help electrical contractors engage with NHP.

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[[AT_Award_Winners_2026|AT Awards]]

[[File:AT_awards_2026_350.jpg|link=AT_Award_Winners_2026]]

CIAT confirm the winners of the 2026 architectural technology awards.

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[[Flood_Action_Online|Flood Action Online]]

[[File:Flood_action_online_350.jpg|link=Flood_Action_Online]]

Government launches a one stop shop for flood preparedness.

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[[Sir_Edwin_Lutyens:_Britain's_greatest_architect?|The best of the best?]]

[[File:Lutyens_book_350.jpg|link=Sir_Edwin_Lutyens:_Britain's_greatest_architect?]]

Sir Edwin Lutyens: Britain's greatest architect? Book review.

-----
[[CIOB_publishes_free_drugs_and_alcohol_policy_template|Drugs and alcohol policy]]

[[File:CIOB_drug_policy_template_350.jpg|link=CIOB_publishes_free_drugs_and_alcohol_policy_template]]

CIOB publishes free template to help assess and manage risks.

-----
[[Reflections_on_Party_Conference_season|ECA's reflections on Party Conference season]]

[[File:Andy_burnham_350.jpg|link=Reflections_on_Party_Conference_season]]

Burnham wants to be confident of winning before asking for a fresh mandate.

-----
[[Chief_Construction_and_Scientific_Adviser|New Chief Construction and Scientific Adviser]]

[[File:Sergio_Cavalaro_350.jpg|link=Chief_Construction_and_Scientific_Adviser]]

Sergio Cavalaro, Professor of Infrastructure Systems at Loughborough University.

-----
[[Category:DCN_News]] [[Category:News]]

CIOB celebrates positive Ofsted report for apprenticeship courses

2026-10-22T05:28:37Z

Designing Buildings: Created page with "On 20th October 2026 The Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB) announced it had achieved an “Expected Standard” for its apprenticeship courses following an Ofsted inspection..."

On 20th October 2026 The Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB) announced it had achieved an “Expected Standard” for its apprenticeship courses following an Ofsted inspection in September.

CIOB became a provider of apprenticeships in 2024, and the September inspection by the education regulator was the first the professional body has been subject to. Ofsted describes achieving the expected standard as a positive outcome, which means the education provider is doing everything that it should be doing, and the grade is categorised as green on the report card CIOB has received. The report cards and the colour coding help learners and parents understand which education providers are performing well.

Dr Victoria Hills, CEO at CIOB, said: “We are extremely proud our apprenticeships training has been recognised by Ofsted to be of the expected standard, especially when we’re still in the relatively early days of being an apprenticeships provider. Our Ofsted grading is testament to the hard work of our apprenticeships team, who have developed courses that we know offer a fulfilling learning experience, not only for apprentices themselves but also their employers, by being flexible and closely aligned to real jobs and the skills employers want. At a time when news headlines are regularly talking about a million young people being out of work, there’s never been a better time to showcase how rewarding construction careers can be. The Prime Minister’s plans for devolution and better access to vocational careers will hopefully provide a huge opportunity and mean more people consider a construction apprenticeship, and hopefully that can be with us at CIOB.”

CIOB offers the following apprenticeships:

* Level 3 Construction Support Technician
* Level 4 Construction Quantity Surveying Technician
* Level 4 Construction Design and Build Technician
* Level 6 Construction Quantity Surveyor (with CIOB Diploma)
* Level 6 Construction Site Management (with CIOB Diploma)
* Level 6 BSc Design and Construction Management Degree Apprenticeship (validated by De Montfort University)

All CIOB’s apprenticeships are designed to give learners and employers greater control with all learning undertaken online, and flexibility around when it happens and how it is assessed. Like all apprenticeships, all learning must be done within work hours (as per the funding rules) and a minimum of six hours a week must be given to the apprentice as off the job time (OTJ), but unlike colleges that require learners to attend on a set day each week, CIOB allows the employer and learner to decide between themselves which day of the week works for them to do their online learning. They can even choose to spread this out over two half days, for example. Employers and learners can also jointly agree a higher number of off the job hours to reduce the duration of the apprenticeship if they want to. This differs for the L6 degree apprenticeship.

For more information about CIOB’s apprenticeship visit [https://www.ciob.org/learning-apprenticeships www.ciob.org/learning-apprenticeships]. Intakes are in March, June and September, but start dates can flexible.

--[[User:CIOB|CIOB]]

= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

* Apprenticeships come of age.
* CIOB.
* CIOB Apprentice of the Year 2025/26.
* CIOB articles.
* Construction apprentice earnings.
* Construction apprenticeships
* Government funded apprenticeship incentives.
* Industry work placement.
* National Apprenticeship Week.
* New apprentice levy funding model.
* New built environment degree apprenticeships announced for Wales.
* Protection for apprenticeships.
* Scottish Apprenticeship Week.
* Skills Development Scotland (SDS) Apprenticeship Awards.
* Skills gap and investment returns on apprenticeships.
* Scottish parents prioritise construction and apprenticeship routes, CIOB data shows

[[Category:DCN_Education_and_Training]] [[Category:DCN_News]] [[Category:Education]] [[Category:News]]

Piling equipment

2026-10-20T09:18:32Z

Designing Buildings: Reverted edits by Bruce1 (talk) to last revision by Designing Buildings

[[File:Piledriver.jpg|link=File:Piledriver.jpg]]

= Introduction =

Very broadly, foundations can be categorised as shallow foundations or deep foundations. Pile foundations are deep foundations. A foundation is described as 'piled' when its depth is more than three times its breadth.

Piles are formed by long, slender, columnar elements typically made from steel or reinforced concrete, or sometimes timber. The type of pile will determine the pile driving equipment that is most suitable. Other determining factors include; height, manoeuvrability on the site, surface conditions, obstructions such as existing surfaces, and so on.

Piles may be replacement or displacement:

* Displacement piles are driven, jacked, vibrated or screwed into the ground, displacing the material around the pile shaft outwards and downwards instead of removing it.
* Replacement piles remove spoil to form a hole for the pile which is poured in situ.

= Bored (replacement) piles =

Bored (replacement) piles require rotary augering equipment. The piling rig is equipped with a telescopic arm or bar known as a Kelly bar which slides vertically and holds a short length of auger or a digging bucket on the end of it. The auger is a drilling device that usually includes a rotating helical screw blade. When the auger or bucket is rotated it excavates the ground. The bar is then retracted, the rig slewed, and the excavated material ejected by spinning the Kelly and tool rapidly.

= Driven (displacement) piles =

Driven (displacement) piles require pile drivers. These can be either percussion, hydraulic or vibratory drivers.

== Percussion drivers ==

These are commonly types of hammer designed to deliver an impact blow to the top of the pile. The type of subsoil and pile will determine both the hammer weight and the drop height. A steel helmet padded with a sand bed and cushioned with a ‘dolly’ (plastic or hardwood block) is used to protect the pile head from damage.

The main types of hammer used in pile driving include:

=== Drop hammer ===

This is a block of iron which is dropped from a rig attached and suspended by rope. The weight typically ranges from 0.75-3 tonnes, and the number of blows which can be delivered with a free fall of 1.2-1.5 m ranges from 10-20 per minute.

=== Air hammer ===

These use compressed air and are either single-acting or double-acting.

Single-acting air hammers are semi-automatic and consist of a heavy failing cylinder sliding up and down a fixed piston, raised by steam or compressed air. The hammer is suspended from a crane and guided by leaders in the piling frame to maintain position relative to the pile head. The hammer rises and falls with the admittance and exhaust of compressed air through valves. Blows delivered can range from 36-75 per minute.

Double-acting air hammers consist of a cast iron cylinder remaining stationary on the pile head while the hammer delivers a series of rapid blows using compressed air. While the force of the hammer is less than that of a single-acting hammer, the number of blows is much greater (ranging from 95-300 per minute). This type of hammer is suitable in situations where the use of a conventional hammer is prohibited by reduced head-room.

=== Diesel hammer ===

These are self-contained units suspended from a crane or slide-in leaders rested on the pile head. A falling cylinder of steel within the unit generates the driving action, raised by the explosion of gas from the automatic injection of fuel. The cycle continues until the fuel is cut off. Hammers weigh from 2-6 tonnes, and the number of blows ranges from 40-60 per minute.

== Hydraulic drivers ==

Hydraulic drivers are typically used for sheet piles, pushing them into the ground by means of a hydraulic ram. An example of a hydraulic driver is the ‘Still Worker’ designed by the Japanese firm Tosa.

== Vibratory drivers ==

Vibratory drivers are used to vibrate the piles, reducing the surrounding ground resistance, and allowing them to pass into the ground. Depending on the nature of the soil the vibrations can be either low or high frequency, although they should not be used in heavy clays as the vibrations tend to be dampened. The vibrators are driven by diesel-hydraulic power units.

= Pile extraction =

The speed and method of extraction will depend on factors including:

* The ground and water conditions.
* How long the piles have been in the ground.
* The pile section and length.
* The driving method and hammer weight.

Pile extractors deliver a rapid number of upward blows which cause the extracting jaws to grip and lift piles out of the ground. Alternatively, a double-acting hammer can be inverted for use, working on the principle of hitting the pile out of the ground.

= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

* Bored piles.
* Construction plant.
* Construction tools.
* Continuous flight auger piles.
* Driven piles.
* Excavating plant.
* Pile foundations.
* Pile integrity test.
* Pile wall.
* Piling mat.
* Testing pile foundations.

[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Building Safety Wiki features

2026-10-20T05:41:58Z

Designing Buildings:

[[Call_for_evidence_on_Part_K_of_the_building_regulations|Approved document K]]

[[File:Building safety regulator and building 350.jpg|link=Call_for_evidence_on_Part_K_of_the_building_regulations]]

The Building Safety Regulator announces a call for evidence.

-----
[[Chief_Construction_and_Scientific_Adviser|New Chief Construction and Scientific Adviser]]

[[File:Sergio_Cavalaro_350.jpg|link=Chief_Construction_and_Scientific_Adviser]]

Sergio Cavalaro, Professor of Infrastructure Systems at Loughborough University.

-----
[[Building_safety_levy_for_England:_Estimator_tool_for_CIAT_members|Building safety levy for England]]

[[File:CIAT_logo_350.jpg|link=Building_safety_levy_for_England:_Estimator_tool_for_CIAT_members]]

CIAT publish estimator tool for members.

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[[Grenfell_investigation_files_passed_to_CPS|Grenfell investigation files passed to CPS]]

[[File:GrenfellRepair350.jpg|link=Grenfell_investigation_files_passed_to_CPS]]

Angela Rayner apologises on behalf of the British state.

-----
[[Rethinking_passive_fire_protection_in_design|Rethinking passive fire protection in design]]

[[File:Geralt-fire-1073217_350.jpg|link=Rethinking_passive_fire_protection_in_design]]

PFP demands the same level of design rigour as structure or services.

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[[One_in_three_Gen_Z_adults_believe_a_wedged-open_fire_door_makes_them_safe|Fire door safety]]

[[File:LMC_image_fire_door_350.jpg|link=One_in_three_Gen_Z_adults_believe_a_wedged-open_fire_door_makes_them_safe]]

38% of Gen Zs feel safe when a fire door is wedged open.

-----
[https://www.gov.uk/government/news/building-safety-regulator-appoints-independent-chair-of-residents-panel Building Safety Regulator, 19 August]

[[File:Gill_Kernick_350.jpg|link=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/building-safety-regulator-appoints-independent-chair-of-residents-panel]]

Gill Kernick appointed Independent Chair of Residents’ Panel.

-----
[[CIOB_publishes_free_building_regulations_and_Building_Safety_Act_advice_for_clients|Building Regulations and Building Safety Act]]

[[File:Building_regs_what_non_domestic_clients_need_to_know_350.jpg|link=CIOB_publishes_free_building_regulations_and_Building_Safety_Act_advice_for_clients]]

CIOB publishes free advice for non-domestic clients.

-----
[https://preview.mailerlite.io/emails/webview/1841537/192985544131609810 BSR, July 2026]

[[File:Building_safety_newsletter_july_2026.jpg|link=https://preview.mailerlite.io/emails/webview/1841537/192985544131609810]]

Building Safety Newsletter from MHCLG.

-----
[[Building_Safety_Regulator_updates_approach_to_higher-risk_building_assessments|Building Safety Regulator]]

[[File:Building_safety_regulator_and_building_350.jpg|link=Building_Safety_Regulator_updates_approach_to_higher-risk_building_assessments]]

New, more proportionate and targeted approach for higher-risk building assessments.

-----
[[Confronting_competency,_codes,_capacity,_construction_products_and_yes,_costs_as_a_decade_since_Grenfell_approaches|Grenfell lessons]]

[[File:Confronting_competency_350.jpg|link=Confronting_competency,_codes,_capacity,_construction_products_and_yes,_costs_as_a_decade_since_Grenfell_approaches]]

Confronting competency, codes, capacity and costs.

-----
[[Why_manual_pre-qualification_is_the_hidden_risk_in_modern_construction_supply_chains|Manual pre-qualification]]

[[File:Prequalification_risk_350.jpg|link=Why_manual_pre-qualification_is_the_hidden_risk_in_modern_construction_supply_chains]]

The hidden risk in modern construction supply chains.

-----
[[Category:Do_not_autolink]] [[Category:Site_Information]] [[Category:Building_safety]]

News from the web

2026-10-20T05:41:15Z

Designing Buildings:

Check out some of the best features and news from Designing Buildings as well as key stories from around the web.

-----
[[Call_for_evidence_on_Part_K_of_the_building_regulations|Approved document K]]

[[File:Building safety regulator and building 350.jpg|link=Call_for_evidence_on_Part_K_of_the_building_regulations]]

The Building Safety Regulator announces a call for evidence.

-----
[[Housing_and_heritage|Housing and heritage]]

[[File:Blandford_350.jpg|link=Housing_and_heritage]]

Government approach could undermine delivery and regeneration.

-----
[[The_world's_first_mass_timber_data_centre|World's first mass timber data centre]].

[[File:Mass_timber_data_centre_350.jpg|link=The_world's_first_mass_timber_data_centre]]

The overlooked environmental aspect of data centre development.

-----
[[Introduction_to_Radon_Awareness_in_the_Built_Environment|Introduction to radon awareness]]

[[File:Introduction_to_Radon_Awareness_in_the_Built_Environment_350.jpg|link=Introduction_to_Radon_Awareness_in_the_Built_Environment]]

New technical information sheet published by CIOB.

-----
[[Updated_supplier_guide_to_help_electrical_contractors_engage_with_New_Hospital_Programme|New Hospital Programme]]

[[File:New_Hospital_Programme_suppliers_guide_350.jpg|link=Updated_supplier_guide_to_help_electrical_contractors_engage_with_New_Hospital_Programme]]

Updated supplier guide can help electrical contractors engage with NHP.

-----
[[AT_Award_Winners_2026|AT Awards]]

[[File:AT_awards_2026_350.jpg|link=AT_Award_Winners_2026]]

CIAT confirm the winners of the 2026 architectural technology awards.

-----
[[Flood_Action_Online|Flood Action Online]]

[[File:Flood_action_online_350.jpg|link=Flood_Action_Online]]

Government launches a one stop shop for flood preparedness.

-----
[[Sir_Edwin_Lutyens:_Britain's_greatest_architect?|The best of the best?]]

[[File:Lutyens_book_350.jpg|link=Sir_Edwin_Lutyens:_Britain's_greatest_architect?]]

Sir Edwin Lutyens: Britain's greatest architect? Book review.

-----
[[CIOB_publishes_free_drugs_and_alcohol_policy_template|Drugs and alcohol policy]]

[[File:CIOB_drug_policy_template_350.jpg|link=CIOB_publishes_free_drugs_and_alcohol_policy_template]]

CIOB publishes free template to help assess and manage risks.

-----
[[Reflections_on_Party_Conference_season|ECA's reflections on Party Conference season]]

[[File:Andy_burnham_350.jpg|link=Reflections_on_Party_Conference_season]]

Burnham wants to be confident of winning before asking for a fresh mandate.

-----
[[Chief_Construction_and_Scientific_Adviser|New Chief Construction and Scientific Adviser]]

[[File:Sergio_Cavalaro_350.jpg|link=Chief_Construction_and_Scientific_Adviser]]

Sergio Cavalaro, Professor of Infrastructure Systems at Loughborough University.

-----
[[Building_safety_levy_for_England:_Estimator_tool_for_CIAT_members|Building safety levy for England]]

[[File:CIAT_logo_350.jpg|link=Building_safety_levy_for_England:_Estimator_tool_for_CIAT_members]]

CIAT publish estimator tool for members.

-----
[[Category:DCN_News]] [[Category:News]]

Call for evidence on Part K of the building regulations

2026-10-20T05:38:20Z

Designing Buildings:

= Introduction =

On 19 October 2026, the Building Safety Regulator (BSR) announced a call for evidence on Part K of the building regulations and its associated statutory guidance, [https://find-business-regulations.private-beta.service.trade.gov.uk/document/39c5b5d2bdac65184584069224532d1f Approved Document K].

Part K covers protection from falling, collision and impact in and around buildings. It includes requirements and guidance on features including stairs, ramps, handrails, guarding, windows, doors, glazing and vehicle barriers.

As part of its duties under the Building Safety Act 2022, BSR keeps the safety and standards of buildings under review to ensure regulations and guidance are fit for purpose and reflect best practice. Reviewing Part K and Approved Document K is an important part of that wider programme of work. It is an opportunity for professionals, organisations, researchers, building owners, occupants and members of the public to share their views, experiences and evidence to help inform that work. This call for evidence is not proposing policy changes. Instead, it is intended to help BSR build a stronger evidence base and identify priorities for future work. The current requirements and guidance remain in place while the review is undertaken.

= What are they looking for feedback on? =

They are seeking feedback on all areas of Part K and Approved Document K, including:

* stairs and ladders
* ramps and handrails
* guarding and protection from falls
* windows, doors and gates
* glazing
* vehicle barriers

They are particularly interested in evidence, experience and research that can help them understand where existing requirements and guidance work well and where further consideration may be needed. They want to hear from people who design, construct, manage and use buildings. You can tell them where guidance may no longer reflect current practice, where greater clarity is needed, and where innovations in design, construction and building use should be considered in future guidance.

They also want to hear from people who live in, work in and visit buildings. Their experiences can help BSR understand how buildings are used in practice and whether existing requirements and guidance continue to support safe and accessible environments.

The call for evidence is also an opportunity for respondents to comment on issues that have been raised by stakeholders. This includes the consistency of guidance across Approved Documents and approaches to protecting people from falls in different building types.

= Supporting research publications =

BSR, the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG) and the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) have published research looking at stair safety and whether guidance relating to stairs in dwellings and other buildings may need to be strengthened. These findings contribute to an understanding of the issues and form part of the wider evidence base for the review of Part K and Approved Document K.

Read the research reports:

* [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/evidence-to-support-potential-changes-to-approved-document-k-guidance-on-domestic-stairs Evidence to support potential changes to Approved Document K guidance on domestic stairs]
* [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/approved-document-k-general-access-and-utility-stairs Approved Document K: general access and utility stairs]
* [https://www.hse.gov.uk/Research/rrhtm/rr1228.htm RR1228: Safety of stairs for limited access in dwellings: A mixed methods study - HSE]

= What happens next? =

Once the evidence-gathering phase is complete, BSR will analyse the responses alongside other research and evidence. Any future proposals for changes to building regulations or statutory guidance will be subject to further consultation.

Some issues raised through the call for evidence may require longer-term consideration and may form part of BSR’s ongoing programme of work reviewing building standards and guidance.

= Take part =

The call for evidence will run for 10 weeks.

[https://consultations.buildingsafety.gov.uk/consultations/part-k-call-for-evidence/ Respond to the call for evidence here]

= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

* Approved documents.
* Approved document k.
* Building Safety Regulator.
* Fall prevention systems.
* FASET.
* Guarding.
* Railings.
* Ramps.
* Safety systems for working at heights.
* Stairs.

[[Category:DCN_News]] [[Category:DCN_Regulation]] [[Category:News]] [[Category:Regulations]] [[Category:Building_safety]]

Approved Document K

2026-10-20T05:36:49Z

Designing Buildings:

The first set of national building standards was introduced in 1965. Now known as the building regulations, they set out:

* What qualifies as 'building work' and so fall under the control of the regulations.
* What types of buildings are exempt (such as temporary buildings).
* The notification procedures that must be followed when starting, carrying out, and completing building work.
* Requirements for specific aspects of building design and construction.

The 'approved documents' provide guidance for how the building regulations can be satisfied in common building situations. There is no obligation to adopt the solutions presented in the approved documents, the building regulations can be satisfied in other ways.

[https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/protection-from-falling-collision-and-impact-approved-document-k Approved Document K: protection from falling, collision and impact], was last published in 2013.

It sets standards for the design of stairways, ramps and ladders, together with requirements for balustrading, windows, and vehicle barriers to prevent falling. It also includes requirements for guarding against, and warning of, hazards from the use and position of doors and windows.

The content of the Approved Document includes:

* Section 1: Stairs and ladders – Contains guidance on steepness, construction, headroom, landings, handrails, guarding, and so on.
* Section 2: Ramps – Contains guidance on construction, obstruction, handrails, landings, guarding, and so on.
* Section 3: Protection from falling – Contains guidance on siting of pedestrian guarding, design, and guarding of areas used for maintenance.
* Section 4: Vehicle barriers and loading bays.
* Section 5: Protection against impact with glazing: Contains guidance on glazing in critical locations, safe breakage, robustness, glazing in small panes, permanent screen protection, and so on.
* Section 6: Protection from collision with open windows, etc. – Contains guidance on projecting parts, spaces used only for maintenance, and so on.
* Section 7: Manifestation of glazing – Contains guidance on critical locations, permanent methods to indicate glazing and alternative methods.
* Section 8: Safe opening and closing of windows, etc. – Contains guidance on location of controls, prevention of falls, and so on.
* Section 9: Safe access for cleaning windows, etc.
* Section 10: Protection against impact from and trapping by doors – Contains guidance on safety features and hazards on access routes.

NB on On 19 October 2026, the Building Safety Regulator (BSR) announced a call for evidence on Part K of the building regulations and its associated statutory guidance, Approved Document K. See: Call for evidence on Part K of the building regulations.

= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

* Approved documents.
* Balustrade.
* Banister.
* Call for evidence on Part K of the building regulations.
* Collective restraint systems.
* Fall prevention systems.
* FASET.
* Glazing.
* Guarding.
* Railings.
* Ramps.
* Safety systems for working at heights.
* Spiral stairs and helical stairs.
* Stairs.
* Stairs going.
* Stairs nosing.
* Stairs riser.
* Stairs tread.
* Types of window.

[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Legislation]] [[Category:DCN_Regulation]] [[Category:Regulations]] [[Category:Standards_/_measurements]] [[Category:Design]]

Call for evidence on Part K of the building regulations

2026-10-20T05:35:32Z

Designing Buildings: Created page with "= Introduction = On 19 October 2026, the Building Safety Regulator (BSR) announced a call for evidence on Part K of the building regulations and its associated statutory guidanc..."

= Introduction =

On 19 October 2026, the Building Safety Regulator (BSR) announced a call for evidence on Part K of the building regulations and its associated statutory guidance, [https://find-business-regulations.private-beta.service.trade.gov.uk/document/39c5b5d2bdac65184584069224532d1f Approved Document K].

Part K covers protection from falling, collision and impact in and around buildings. It includes requirements and guidance on features including stairs, ramps, handrails, guarding, windows, doors, glazing and vehicle barriers.

As part of its duties under the Building Safety Act 2022, BSR keeps the safety and standards of buildings under review to ensure regulations and guidance are fit for purpose and reflect best practice. Reviewing Part K and Approved Document K is an important part of that wider programme of work. It is an opportunity for professionals, organisations, researchers, building owners, occupants and members of the public to share their views, experiences and evidence to help inform that work. This call for evidence is not proposing policy changes. Instead, it is intended to help BSR build a stronger evidence base and identify priorities for future work. The current requirements and guidance remain in place while the review is undertaken.

= What are we looking for feedback on? =

They are seeking feedback on all areas of Part K and Approved Document K, including:

* stairs and ladders
* ramps and handrails
* guarding and protection from falls
* windows, doors and gates
* glazing
* vehicle barriers

They are particularly interested in evidence, experience and research that can help them understand where existing requirements and guidance work well and where further consideration may be needed.

They want to hear from people who design, construct, manage and use buildings. You can tell them where guidance may no longer reflect current practice, where greater clarity is needed, and where innovations in design, construction and building use should be considered in future guidance.

They also want to hear from people who live in, work in and visit buildings. Their experiences can help BSR understand how buildings are used in practice and whether existing requirements and guidance continue to support safe and accessible environments.

The call for evidence is also an opportunity for respondents to comment on issues that have been raised by stakeholders. This includes the consistency of guidance across Approved Documents and approaches to protecting people from falls in different building types.

= Supporting research publications =

BSR, the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG) and the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) have published research looking at stair safety and whether guidance relating to stairs in dwellings and other buildings may need to be strengthened.

These findings contribute to an understanding of the issues and form part of the wider evidence base for the review of Part K and Approved Document K.

Read the research reports:

* [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/evidence-to-support-potential-changes-to-approved-document-k-guidance-on-domestic-stairs Evidence to support potential changes to Approved Document K guidance on domestic stairs]
* [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/approved-document-k-general-access-and-utility-stairs Approved Document K: general access and utility stairs]
* [https://www.hse.gov.uk/Research/rrhtm/rr1228.htm RR1228: Safety of stairs for limited access in dwellings: A mixed methods study - HSE]

= What happens next? =

Once the evidence-gathering phase is complete, BSR will analyse the responses alongside other research and evidence. Any future proposals for changes to building regulations or statutory guidance will be subject to further consultation.

Some issues raised through the call for evidence may require longer-term consideration and may form part of BSR’s ongoing programme of work reviewing building standards and guidance.

= Take part =

The call for evidence will run for 10 weeks.

[https://consultations.buildingsafety.gov.uk/consultations/part-k-call-for-evidence/ Respond to the call for evidence here]

= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

* Approved documents.
* Approved document k.
* Building Safety Regulator.
* Fall prevention systems.
* FASET.
* Guarding.
* Railings.
* Ramps.
* Safety systems for working at heights.
* Stairs.

[[Category:DCN_News]] [[Category:DCN_Regulation]] [[Category:News]] [[Category:Regulations]] [[Category:Building_safety]]

Part k

2026-10-20T05:33:55Z

Designing Buildings: Redirected page to Approved Document K

#redirect:[[Approved_Document_K|Approved Document K]]

IHBC articles

2026-10-17T06:34:17Z

Designing Buildings:

This is a list of articles on Conservation Wiki that were created by The Institute of Historic Building Conservation (IHBC), and the date that they were added to Conservation Wiki.

[[Ihbc_articles_2|For older IHBC articles click here.]]

-----
# Housing and heritage. October 2026
# Sir Edwin Lutyens: Britain's greatest architect? October 2026
# The fate of industrial conservation areas. October 2026
# Hostel, House and Chambers: accommodating the Victorian and Edwardian working woman. September 2026
# Industrial heritage in the Ruhr. September 2026
# Gasholders: a history in pictures. September 2026
# Power for the people. September 2026
# Leaders in Learning for Practice Network. August 2026
# The Master Builder: William Butterfield and his times. August 2026
# Scotland’s uplifting heritage. August 2026
# Campaigning for Edinburgh: the Cockburn Association 1875-2049. August 2026
# Reflections on railway heritage. July 2026
# England's Suburbs 1820-2020. July 2026
# Historic England and infrastructure. June 2026
# The protection and reuse of large industrial structures. June 2026
# Spelling it out. May 2026.
# IHBC celebrates World Heritage UK’s anniversary. May 2026.
# The sad story of Derby Hippodrome. May 2026.
# Conserving the postmodern legacy of the Sainsbury Wing. May 2026.
# The roofscape of Hampstead Garden Suburb. April 2026
# Sourcing Scottish slate in the 21st century. April 2026
# Called-in decision Ref 23/00612/FUL (NOD-390-001). April 2026
# Planning appeal summaries 2025. April 2026
# Anesco Ltd v Secretary of State for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities and Anor. April 2026
# Successful solar generation in the historic environment. April 2026
# Heritage Now, No 12, Summer 2025. April 2026
# A carbon case for indigenous slate. April 2026
# Historic Environment Policy and Practice Vol 16, No 1, 2025. April 2026
# ‎The Manifesto House: Buildings that changed the future of architecture. March 2026
# Georgian Group Journal Vol XXXIII, 2025. March 2026
# The Georgian Issue 1, 2025. March 2026
# C20, No 1 2025. March 2026
# IHBC 2025 Gus Astley Student Award winners. March 2026
# The Royal Pavilion Brighton: a Regency palace of colour and sensation. March 2026
# ‎Reslating an ancient water mill. March 2026
# Mills News, April 2025 (No 182). March 2026
# Poetry from concrete: Scotland’s fascinating historic concrete and brutalist architecture. March 2026
# Illuminating stained glass: creativity, conservation and craft at Barley Studio. March 2026.
# A code of practice for slate and stone roofing. February 2026.
# Ten years of Planning Club. February 2026.
# Understanding pitched roofs. February 2026.
# SPAB Magazine Summer 2025. February 2026.
# IHBC planning for growth with corporate plan development. February 2026.
# Too much stuff. February 2026.
# Summoned by bells. February 2026.
# ‎Judicial review regarded a planning permission for a McDonalds restaurant. January 2026.
# A certificate of lawful use or development for solar panels (Ref 3349450). January 2026.
# ‎Impact on a non-designated heritage asset (Ref 3343408)
# The Warm Homes Plan details released. (mention), January 2026.
# PPG updates on brownfield land. January 2026.
# I Patarkatsishvili and Y Hunyak v W Woodward-Fisher. January 2026.
# Old buildings and oligarchs. January 2026.
# Written ministerial statements on planning 2025. January 2026.
# The world of generative AI. January 2026.
# Replacing Brighton Museum's roof lantern. January 2026.
# Nineteenth-century conservation thinking from Ruskin onwards. January 2026.
# The Tenement Revealed: history, design and construction. January 2026.
# Discovering Jane Jacobs. December 2025.
# Heritage Now Spring 2025. December 2025.
# Wayland Young. December 2025.
# SPAB Magazine Spring 2025. December 2025.
# SAVE at 50: Celebrating half a century of campaigning. December 2025.
# Dorset Houses: from Bronze Age to 21st century. December 2025.
# John Ashurst: practitioner, writer and educator. December 2025.
# Journal of Historic Buildings and Places, Vol 4, 2025. December 2025.
# Construction and the autumn Budget 2025 (mention). December 2025.
# Inclusive, values-based conservation to 2008. December 2025.
# The Cottage in Interwar England: class and the picturesque. November 2025.
# St Jude-on-the-Hill Church. November 2025.
# Cambridge's Mill Road Free Library, part 3. November 2025.
# IHBC Parliamentary Briefing launches 5 commitments to help heritage skills in conservation. November 2025.
# The literary food chain. November 2025.
# Chris Topp, heritage blacksmith. November 2025.
# War Memorials Trust Bulletin. November 2025.
# The destruction of the English country house. November 2025.
# Nairn's Liverpool revisited. November 2025.
# Heritage, ageing and wellbeing. October 2025.
# Historic Environment Policy and Practice Vol 15, No 3 2024. October 2025.
# The Crooked House pub. October 2025.
# Unforgettable gardens: 500 years of historic gardens and landscapes. October 2025.
# Operation Nightingale. October 2025.
# The Georgian Issue 2, 2024. October 2025.
# Between Design and Making: architecture and craftsmanship 1630-1760. October 2025.
# Healing through heritage. October 2025.
# Moulds in historic buildings (repost). October 2025.
# Workplace wellbeing in the heritage sector. September 2025
# ‎Journal of Architectural Conservation Vol 30 Nos 2 and 3 July and November 2024. September 2025
# RIBA Conservation Guide. September 2025
# SPAB Magazine Winter 2024. September 2025
# The IHBC Gus Astley Student Awards. September 2025
# The economics of heritage and wellbeing. September 2025
# Construction History Vol 39, No 2, 2024. September 2025
# Northwold Manor Reborn: architecture, archaeology and restoration of a derelict Norfolk house. September 2025
# Construction Historian Winter 2024-25‎. September 2025
# Wellbeing and heritage: making a difference. Aug 2025
# C20 Magazine Issue 2024 2. Aug 2025
# Repurposing Empty Spaces a report by Habitat for Humanity. Aug 2025
# IHBC Listed Buildings Prosecutions Database. Aug 2025
# CREATIVE Conservation Fund. Aug 2025
# John Soane's Cabinet of Curiosities. Aug 2025
# The Historic Buildings Parks & Gardens Event and Historic Houses (IHBC mention). Aug 2025
# Rex Whistler: the artist and his patrons. July 2025
# Travels with Baedeker. July 2025
# The conservation of post-war housing. July 2025
# In the footsteps of Alec Clifton-Taylor. July 2025
# George Edmund Street. July 2025
# Ebenezer Howard: inventor of the garden city. June 2025
# Researching and restoring Abbotsford's hothouse. June 2025
# A people-first approach to retrofit. June 2025
# ASCHB Transactions Volume 45 2024. June 2025
# Sustainable heating for listed buildings. June 2025
# Venice a lecture by Sir Ashley Clarke. June 2025
# SPAB Magazine Autumn 2024. June 2025
# Edwin Rickards. May 2025
# The Remarkable Pinwill Sisters. May 2025
# Design and construction industry podcasts (mention). May 2025
# Places of Worship in Britain and Ireland, 1929-1990. May 2025.
# Hidden in plain sight. May 2025.
# Ludwig Mies van der Rohe: Villa Wolf in Gubin, history and reconstruction. May 2025.
# The ability to retrofit is important in all areas of life. May 2025.
# The Buildings of the Malting Industry. May 2025
# Connecting people and places with climate impacts. May 2025
# British Architectural Sculpture 1851-1951. April 2025
# Blue plaques. April 2025
# The architectural use of wood and coal tar in England. April 2025
# Interwar: British architecture 1919-39. April 2025
# ‎Prefabs at Wake Green Road in Moseley. April 2025
# IHBC Stress Awareness Month; Heritage Staff wellbeing at work survey. April 2025
# Heritage Now No 9 Summer 2024. April 2025
# Georgian Group Journal 2024‎. April 2025
# The maintenance challenge of urban housing in Scotland. April 2025
# Gentrification in London. March 2025
# Journal of Historic Buildings and Places 2024. March 2025
# Planning and Infrastructure bill (mention in response). March 2025
# Saving DH Lawrence's birthplace. March 2025
# The Georgian No 1, 2024. March 2025
# The revival of urban council housing. March 2025
# Historic Environment Policy and Practice Vol 15 No 2 2024. March 2025
# Attending a conservation training course, personal account (mention). March 2025
# Restoring Alexander Pope's Grotto. March 2025.
# Heritage building skills and live-site training. February 2025
# The battle for Cambridge's Mill Road Free Library, part 2. February 2025
# Developing the UK world heritage tentative list. February 2025
# Heritage, industry and slavery. February 2025
# Hardwick Old Hall, Derbyshire. February 2025
# Bats in churches. February 2025
# Heritage management plans and historic landscapes. February 2025
# Don't take British stone for granted. February 2025
# Alexander Ross: the remarkable story of a Highland architect. February 2025
# Birkenhead Park. January 2025
# The Construction Historian Issue 13 Spring 2024. January 2025
# Saving traditional orchards. January 2025
# Building with flint. January 2025
# The heritage of urban trees. January 2025
# SPAB Magazine Spring 2024. January 2025
# Shaping the Northern Forest. January 2025
# C20 Magazine Issue 2023 2‎. January 2025
# Journeys in Industrious England. December 2024
# Life and death at Highgate Cemetery. December 2024
# Value transitions between heritage and nature. December 2024
# Heritage Now No 8 Spring 2024. December 2024
# Historic digital survey: Conservation in the age of the fourth (digital) industrial revolution. December 2024
# Shaping the future of heritage: Embracing the evolution of economic thinking. December 2024
# Heritage development trusts' top tips. December 2024
# ‎Heritage conservation and the triple bottom line. November 2024
# Climate action: Comfort is a crucial missing piece of the puzzle. November 2024
# 60th Jubilee History of Hertfordshire Building Preservation Trust and 30th Jubilee History of BEAMS. November 2024
# Connecting conservation research and practice with IHBC. October 2024‎
# ‎Boundaries and networks. October 2024‎
# 178a High Road, Leytonstone. October 2024‎
# ‎The Mill, Craven Arms, SY7 9DT. October 2024‎
# Mill Hall, Lancaster. October 2024‎
# ‎Land south-east of the Manor House, Riding Mill. October 2024‎
# Architecture in Britain and Ireland, 1530 - 1830. October 2024‎
# ‎Land east of Knowle Lane, Cranleigh. October 2024‎
# ‎R v Evetts. October 2024‎
# [[Simmonds,_R_(on_the_application_of)_v_Venture_Properties_Group_and_Ors_(2023)_EWHC_2217_(KB)_(15_September_2023)|‎Simmonds, R (on the application of) v Venture Properties Group and Ors (2023) EWHC 2217]]. October 2024‎
# ‎Mill Road Free Library. October 2024‎
# This is Architecture: writing on buildings. October 2024‎
# Nairn's Manchester revisited. October 2024‎
# Reading Ruskin's Cultural Heritage: conservation and transformation. October 2024‎
# Union Chain Bridge. October 2024‎
# Construction History Vol 38, No 2, 2023. October 2024‎
# New HES national centre for traditional building retrofit. October 2024‎
# Traditional Brickwork: construction, repair and maintenance. September 2024‎
# Regeneration in Carlisle. September 2024‎
# APT Bulletin. September 2024‎
# Association of Preservation Technology Bulletin Vol LIII No 4 2023. September 2024‎
# Bastles. September 2024‎
# Georgian Group Newsletter (No 2, 2023). September 2024‎
# Cumbria's vernacular architecture and Hadrian's Wall. September 2024‎
# What happened to Hadrian's Wall? August 2024‎
# Hadrian's Wall Path and the national trails. August 2024‎
# SPAB Magazine Winter 2023. August 2024‎
# Hadrian's Wall from end to end. August 2024‎
# Brighton Dome reopens. August 2024‎
# Secured by Design for historic buildings. August 2024‎
# IHBC launches affiliate fast-track pilot for local authority conservation staff. August 2024‎
# Brittany. August 2024
# Application for planning permission for the Marks and Spencer building, Orchard House, Oxford Street, London. July 2024
# ‎Kazalbash v Secretary of State for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities and the London Borough of Hillingdon Council. July 2024
# Crooked House, Himley. July 2024Cycling exploration. July 2024
# Listing Glasgow's Kingston Bridge. July 2024
# Conservation and the Indian City: bridging the gap. July 2024
# Reversibility in conservation ethics. July 2024
# High Street: how our centres can bounce back from the retail crisis. July 2024
# Clovelly. July 2024
# Building for Change: the architecture of creative reuse. June 2024
# Solar panels and listed structures. June 2024
# Bulletin of the War Memorials Trust. June 2024
# Tithe barns.June 2024
# Journal of Architectural Conservation Vol 29, No 2 and 3, 2023. June 2024
# Urban fringe. May 2024.
# The Victorian No 73 July 2023. May 2024.
# Rural buildings at risk. May 2024.
# Construction Historian Issue 12 Summer 2023. May 2024.
# Understanding vernacular architecture. May 2024.
# SPAB Magazine autumn 2023. May 2024.
# Conserving our tree heritage in a time of climate crisis. March 2024.
# Guidance on RAAC in Listed Buildings (mention). March 2024.
# Overheating buildings: learning from the past. March 2024.
# The conversion of St Luke's church in Cwmbwrla. March 2024.
# IHBC launches climate change hub. March 2024.
# The women who shaped British modernism (repost for Women's history month). March 2024.
# The Historic Environment: policy and practice Vol 14, No 2, 2023. March 2024.
# ‎Construction History Vol 38, No 1, 2023. March 2024.
# ‎Journal of Architectural Conservation Vol 29, No 1, March 2023. March 2024.
# The Medieval Stained Glass of Herefordshire and Shropshire. March 2024.
# Upgrading metal windows for thermal comfort. February 2024.
# Journal of Historic Buildings and Places Vol 2 2023. February 2024.
# Vitrolite. February 2024.
# Heritage Now Issue 2 2023. February 2024.
# Revaluing Modern Architecture: changing conservation culture. February 2024.
# The wrought-iron greenhouse at Felton Park. February 2024.
# Ordinary people in stained glass. January 2024.
# Georgian Arcadia: architecture for the park and garden. January 2024.
# Conserving Canterbury Cathedral's Great South Window. January 2024.
# The Georgian, Issue 1, 2023. January 2024.
# The history of glass in the UK and Ireland. January 2024.
# SPAB Magazine summer 2023. January 2024.
# Artificial intelligence and real stupidity. December 2023.
# Ian Wray. December 2023.
# IHBC charter petition. December 2023.
# Planning decision to allow photovoltaic panels on the roof of King's College Chapel. December 2023.
# Painting in Stone: architecture and the poetics of marble from antiquity to the enlightenment. December 2023.
# The history of Tower Hamlets. December 2023.
# Donald Buttress. December 2023.
# Grimsby's Kasbah. December 2023.
# 2023 Autumn Statement in brief with reactions (IHBC mention). November 2023.
# Where is the data on listed buildings? November 2023.
# Consultation on joint Conservation Professional Practice Principles. November 2023.
# London brick by brick. November 2023.
# Levelling-up and Regeneration Act 2023. November 2023.
# Jodrell Bank. October 2023.
# Pontcysyllte Aqueduct and Canal World Heritage Site. October 2023.
# Holy Houses: places of worship in twentieth-century Britain. October 2023.
# IHBC updates competence descriptors. October 2023.
# SPAB Magazine Spring 2023. October 2023.
# The Victorian, March 2023 (No 72). October 2023.
# World Heritage in the UK. October 2023.
# #The Association of Preservation Technology Bulletin Vol LIII, Nos 2–3, 2022. October 2023.
# Britain's industrial heritage. October 2023.
# World heritage status for Odesa. October 2023.
# Guest Editor Seán O'Reilly Director of The Institute of Historic Building Conservation‎. September 2023.
# Introducing the IHBC Heritage Marketplace. September 2023.
# RAAC causes temporary closure of St Davids Hall. September 2023.
# Historic England carbon literacy training courses. September 2023.
# IHBC welcomes September Heritage Open Days. September 2023.
# Seeing things differently. August 2023.
# Top Ten Bucket and Spade Seaside Experiences from the Seaside Heritage Network. August 2023.
# Heritage Research Award 2023. August 2023.
# IHBC Gus Astley Student Awards 2023. (repost). August 2023.
# Piercefield Park. August 2023.
# Community groups involvement in heritage regeneration. August 2023.
# Jaywick Sand. August 2023.
# IHBC Gus Astley Student Awards 2023. August 2023.
# Conservation skills training in a Norwich church. July 2023.
# Boston's pubs. July 2023.
# The history of Boston. July 2023.
# The history of Southend-on-sea. July 2023.
# Supporting Norfolk's churches. July 2023.
# Lowestoft's heritage action zones. July 2023.
# Orford Ness: resolving a landscape in conflict. July 2023.
# UNESCO World Heritage Status tentative list. July 2023.
# A Bittersweet Heritage: slavery, architecture and the British landscape. June 2023
# The Red House in Aldeburgh. June 2023
# Conserving Great Yarmouth's cultural heritage. May 2023.
# The Victorian, No 71, November 2022. May 2023.
# IHBC Marsh Awards 2023 winners announced. May 2023.
# Dawn Bowden to address 2023 IHBC Day School. May 2023.
# IHBC Heritage MarketPlace 2023. May 2023.
# The effigy of Blanche Mortimer. April 2023.
# The Blower Foundation. April 2023.
# IHBC Research for Practice Digest (RfP). April 2023.
# A Life of Industry: the photography of John R Hume. April 2023.
# Conservation in South Georgia. April 2023.
# Essential urban design. April 2023
# A short history of good ideas. April 2023
# HESPR: the impartial way. March 2023
# Georgian Group Journal. March 2023
# Economically, environmentally and socially sustainable places that support built and historic environment conservation. March 2023
# Updating Conservation Professional Practice Principles. March 2023
# ‎Journal of Historic Buildings and Places. March 2023
# The All-Party Parliamentary Group on Conservation, Places and People. March 2023
# Association of Preservation Technology Bulletin Vol LIII, No 1, 2022. March 2023
# Arts and Crafts Architecture: 'Beauty's Awakening'. March 2023
# Energy Security Strategy and heritage. March 2023
# Johannes Kip. February 2023.
# IHBC at 25, where it came from, how it has evolved and where it might go. February 2023.
# Moseley School of Art. February 2023.
# Diversity and inclusion in conservation training. February 2023.
# Is a hot dog a sandwich. January 2023
# Making Greyfriars accessible. January 2023
# IHBC welcomes Levelling Up Fund focus on places and heritage for people. January 2023
# Soho Manufactory, Mint and Foundry, West Midlands: where Boulton, Watt and Murdoch made history. January 2023
# Diversity in the heritage workspace. January 2023
# Steel Architecture: the designed landscape of modernity. January 2023
# Heritage and mental health. January 2023
# Boston Council Section 215 prosecution for failure to maintain listed building. January 2023
# Chatham Historic Dockyard: world power to resurgence. January 2023
# The women who shaped British modernism. January 2023
# IHBC says farewell to 2022 with top 10 NewsBlogs. January 2023
# IHBC signpost update from Lords Committee on climate.December 2022
# Conserving the Historic Environment. December 2022
# Pride of Place: queer heritage. December 2022
# MPs back targeted Listed Buildings VAT cuts & presumption against demolition. December 2022
# The Value of Heritage report APPG CPP 2022. December 2022.
# Quakers and their Meeting Houses. December 2022.
# Equity, diversity and inclusion in the heritage sector. December 2022.
# ‎Queer Spaces: an atlas of LGBTQIAplus places and stories. December 2022.
# How architecture can suppress cultural identity. December 2022.
# Shop signs. November 2022
# Masters of their Craft: the art, architecture and garden design of the Nesfields. November 2022
# Demolishing Whitehall. November 2022
# Aspects of copper roofing. November 2022
# Iron frames in textile mills. November 2022
# Cathodic protection in church towers. November 2022
# Pier Paolo Pasolini. November 2022
# Interview with Liz Mayle. November 2022
# Oasts and Hop Kilns: a history. October 2022
# IHBC25 - marking IHBC's silver anniversary. October 2022
# Britain's 100 Best Railway Stations. October 2022
# What does conservation practice entail? October 2022
# Two Men in a Boat: rowing two rivers. October 2022
# ‎Moulds in historic buildings. October 2022
# The Architecture and Legacy of British Railway Buildings: 1825 to present day. October 2022
# Shipton Sollars St Mary. October 2022
# Kyiv: a tour of the city. October 2022
# Construction History Vol 36, No 2, 2021. October 2022
# IHBC Membership Application Training Events MATE. September 2022
# 59 Greek Street: home of the Theatre Girls' Club. September 2022
# Planning reform in England. September 2022
# Design codes: intentions and reality. September 2022
# The Construction Historian, Issue 9, March 2022. September 2022
# Design codes and pattern books. September 2022
# The Association of Preservation Technology Bulletin (Vol LII, No 4, 2021). September 2022
# Investigation of moisture and its effects on traditional buildings. September 2022
# The history of building regulations and control. September 2022
# ASCHB Transactions. September 2022
# SAHGB-IHBC Heritage Research Award 2022‎. August 2022
# IHBC Gus Astley Student Awards 2022. August 2022
# ‎Interview with Michael Foley. August 2022
# IHBC Affiliate status. August 2022
# IHBC respond to Parliamentary Committee on Levelling-Up and Regeneration Bill. August 2022
# Landownership in England in 1909. August 2022
# The restoration of Thiepval. August 2022
# Cemetourism. July 2022

[[Ihbc_articles_2|For older IHBC articles click here.]]

-----
--[[User:Institute_of_Historic_Building_Conservation|Institute of Historic Building Conservation]]

[[Category:DCN_Organisation]] [[Category:Conservation]]

About Conservation Wiki

2026-10-17T06:33:14Z

Designing Buildings:

[[Housing_and_heritage|Housing and heritage]]

[[File:Blandford 350.jpg|link=Housing_and_heritage]]

Government approach could undermine delivery and regeneration.

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[[Sir_Edwin_Lutyens:_Britain's_greatest_architect?|The best of the best?]]

[[File:Lutyens_book_350.jpg|link=Sir_Edwin_Lutyens:_Britain's_greatest_architect?]]

Sir Edwin Lutyens: Britain's greatest architect? Book review.

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[[The_fate_of_industrial_conservation_areas|Undervaluing our industrial past]]

[[File:Sands_end_conservation_area_350.jpg|link=The_fate_of_industrial_conservation_areas]]

Heritage value changes as taste for building styles changes.

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[[Hostel,_House_and_Chambers:_accommodating_the_Victorian_and_Edwardian_working_woman|Hostel, House and Chambers]]

[[File:Hostel_house_and_chambers_350.jpg|link=Hostel,_House_and_Chambers:_accommodating_the_Victorian_and_Edwardian_working_woman]]

Accommodating the Victorian and Edwardian working woman. Book review.

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[[New_guidance_for_conversion_of_Scotland's_traditional_buildings|Historic Environment Scotland]]

[[File:Guide_to_conversion_of_traditional_homes_350.jpg|link=New_guidance_for_conversion_of_Scotland's_traditional_buildings]]

Guidance for conversion of traditional pre-1919 stone buildings.

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[[Industrial_heritage_in_the_Ruhr|Industrial heritage in the Ruhr]]

[[File:The_Oberhausen_gasometer_350.jpg|link=Industrial_heritage_in_the_Ruhr]]

A marked difference to the fate of industrial landscapes in the UK.

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[[Gasholders:_a_history_in_pictures|Taken for granted]]

[[File:Gasholders_a_history_in_pictures_350.jpg|link=Gasholders:_a_history_in_pictures]]

Gasholders: a history in pictures. Book review.

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[[Power_for_the_people|Power for the people]]

[[File:Ratcliffe_cooling_towers_350.jpg|link=Power_for_the_people]]

The heritage of nuclear and conventional power stations.

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[[Leaders_in_Learning_for_Practice_Network|Leaders in Learning for Practice Network]]

[[File:IHBC_logo_350.png|link=Leaders_in_Learning_for_Practice_Network]]

Call for conservation leaders in learning to register interest in new network.

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[[The_Master_Builder:_William_Butterfield_and_his_times|Sixty years in practice]]

[[File:William_butterfield_350.jpg|link=The_Master_Builder:_William_Butterfield_and_his_times]]

The Master Builder: William Butterfield and his times. Book review.

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[[Connecting_knowledge,_technology_and_conservation:_Building_competence_for_the_future_of_built_heritage|Connecting knowledge, technology and conservation]]

[[File:Cotac_learning_documents_350.jpg|link=Connecting_knowledge,_technology_and_conservation:_Building_competence_for_the_future_of_built_heritage]]

Building competence for the future of built heritage.

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[[Scotlands_uplifting_heritage|Sir William Arrol and Co]]

[[File:William_arrol_collection_350.jpg|link=Scotlands_uplifting_heritage]]

An extraordinary record of steel engineering worldwide.

-----

News from the web

2026-10-17T06:32:26Z

Designing Buildings:

Check out some of the best features and news from Designing Buildings as well as key stories from around the web.

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[[Housing_and_heritage|Housing and heritage]]

[[File:Blandford 350.jpg|link=Housing_and_heritage]]

Government approach could undermine delivery and regeneration.

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[[The_world's_first_mass_timber_data_centre|World's first mass timber data centre]].

[[File:Mass_timber_data_centre_350.jpg|link=The_world's_first_mass_timber_data_centre]]

The overlooked environmental aspect of data centre development.

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[[Introduction_to_Radon_Awareness_in_the_Built_Environment|Introduction to radon awareness]]

[[File:Introduction_to_Radon_Awareness_in_the_Built_Environment_350.jpg|link=Introduction_to_Radon_Awareness_in_the_Built_Environment]]

New technical information sheet published by CIOB.

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[[Updated_supplier_guide_to_help_electrical_contractors_engage_with_New_Hospital_Programme|New Hospital Programme]]

[[File:New_Hospital_Programme_suppliers_guide_350.jpg|link=Updated_supplier_guide_to_help_electrical_contractors_engage_with_New_Hospital_Programme]]

Updated supplier guide can help electrical contractors engage with NHP.

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[[AT_Award_Winners_2026|AT Awards]]

[[File:AT_awards_2026_350.jpg|link=AT_Award_Winners_2026]]

CIAT confirm the winners of the 2026 architectural technology awards.

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[[Flood_Action_Online|Flood Action Online]]

[[File:Flood_action_online_350.jpg|link=Flood_Action_Online]]

Government launches a one stop shop for flood preparedness.

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[[Sir_Edwin_Lutyens:_Britain's_greatest_architect?|The best of the best?]]

[[File:Lutyens_book_350.jpg|link=Sir_Edwin_Lutyens:_Britain's_greatest_architect?]]

Sir Edwin Lutyens: Britain's greatest architect? Book review.

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[[CIOB_publishes_free_drugs_and_alcohol_policy_template|Drugs and alcohol policy]]

[[File:CIOB_drug_policy_template_350.jpg|link=CIOB_publishes_free_drugs_and_alcohol_policy_template]]

CIOB publishes free template to help assess and manage risks.

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[[Reflections_on_Party_Conference_season|ECA's reflections on Party Conference season]]

[[File:Andy_burnham_350.jpg|link=Reflections_on_Party_Conference_season]]

Burnham wants to be confident of winning before asking for a fresh mandate.

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[[Chief_Construction_and_Scientific_Adviser|New Chief Construction and Scientific Adviser]]

[[File:Sergio_Cavalaro_350.jpg|link=Chief_Construction_and_Scientific_Adviser]]

Sergio Cavalaro, Professor of Infrastructure Systems at Loughborough University.

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[[Building_safety_levy_for_England:_Estimator_tool_for_CIAT_members|Building safety levy for England]]

[[File:CIAT_logo_350.jpg|link=Building_safety_levy_for_England:_Estimator_tool_for_CIAT_members]]

CIAT publish estimator tool for members.

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[[Water_sector_electrical_skills_crisis_threatens_critical_infrastructure_delivery|Electrical skills]]

[[File:Water_infrastructure_350.jpg|link=Water_sector_electrical_skills_crisis_threatens_critical_infrastructure_delivery]]

Water sector faces a growing crisis that could slow the delivery of vital infrastructure.

-----
[[Category:DCN_News]] [[Category:News]]

Housing and heritage

2026-10-17T06:30:38Z

Designing Buildings: Protected "Housing and heritage" ([edit=sysop] (indefinite) [move=sysop] (indefinite))

The government’s target and land-supply-led approach could undermine housing delivery in some areas, and undermine the regeneration of brownfield sites and historic towns.

{|
|width="100%"| [[File:Blandford.jpg]]
|-
| Residential development around Blandford Forum town centre should boost the vitality of the high street. (Photo: Dave Chetwyn).
|}

= Introduction =

The government aims to deliver 1.5 million new homes. It means to achieve this by increasing the land supply for housing through much higher targets for local authorities, enabling them to meet in local plan housing site allocations and by the introduction of grey belt sites (to make development of some green belt sites easier). Is this target and land-supply-led approach likely to work? Or could it undermine housing delivery in some areas, while also undermining the regeneration of brownfield sites and historic towns and buildings?

= Housing, viability and regeneration =

Increasing the rate of house building has been an aim of governments over the last decade or two. This includes target-led approaches, which have been largely unsuccessful in achieving an actual increase in the rate of delivery. Over the last couple of decades, geographical economic discrepancies have tended to widen rather than narrow. In high-growth areas, land and property price inflation have accelerated, while areas with viability challenges have often stagnated or declined further. This has affected historic towns and buildings in some areas. Housing has been one of the key approaches to regenerating historic towns and improving the vitality of high streets.

The more prosperous town centres tend to be those that have developed residential populations in and around the centre over the past few decades. One example is Blandford Forum, where the town council and two adjoining parish councils made housing site allocations around the historic centre through a neighbourhood plan, potentially increasing the residential catchment considerably. This could be game-changing for the historic town centre.

The approach to residential site allocations and heritage has sometimes been negative and passive, focusing on negative impacts and mitigation. But planning positively for heritage means locating housing growth where it will have beneficial impacts on heritage, including benefits to the vitality and viability of historic centres.

Media coverage often suggests that all town centres are in trouble. The reality is more mixed. Some town centres are doing well, while others have declined. In Stoke-on-Trent, this is especially apparent in Hanley and Burslem. Burslem and nearby Middleport and Longport have benefited from various kinds of heritage funding over the past few decades, with some high-profile projects such as the refurbishment of the Grade II*-listed Middleport Pottery and the refurbishment of adjacent former housing. However, some properties in Burslem town centre and the surrounding areas have deteriorated. The Grade II* Price and Kensington Pottery Factory in nearby Longport is partially collapsed. This decline is due to a viability gap. This means that the returns on development (including refurbishment) do not cover the development costs.

In such areas, the consequence of increasing the supply of greenfield housing land is likely to be to be a further widening of the viability gap, making development of brownfield land and reuse, and conversion of historic buildings more challenging. This is not a simple north/ south issue. There are many parts of the southeast that have viability challenges, such as the Isle of Sheppey and other parts of Swale. Even quite prosperous areas like Faversham have viability challenges in reusing industrial heritage. Grey belt land does not include consideration of the particular green belt purpose: ‘to assist in urban regeneration, by encouraging the recycling of derelict and other urban land.’ Exclusion of this purpose highlights that viability is simply not on the political agenda.

The higher housing targets are based on assumptions of more prosperous areas. In London and high-growth areas, affordability is an important issue and the rate of housing delivery a key challenge. There can also be challenges where there are disproportionate levels of overseas and remote ownership of housing assets, further inflating house prices and rental levels. In some areas, including historic coastal towns and rural settlements, second home ownership or loss of family homes to visitor accommodation has led to housing shortages. At the same time, many jobs associated with the tourist and visitor economy are relatively poorly paid, so incomes and house prices are out of kilter.

The application of targets to less well-off areas will oversupply housing land, widening viability gaps or creating viability gaps in more marginal areas. This is likely to undermine market confidence, leading to less rather than more investment by developers. There is already evidence of a drop in the number of residential planning permissions being granted.

Conservation challenges and approaches are fundamentally linked to local land and property economies, which is why economic data is such an important part of heritage evidence bases. There is usually a direct relationship between the land and property economy, vacancy, building condition, high-street vitality and the number of buildings at risk. In some areas, the challenge is price inflation and pressure for development. But in many areas, the challenge is viability.

The needs of high-growth areas and places with viability challenges are almost diametrically opposed. In areas with suppressed land and property values, an over-supply of housing land undermines housing delivery and the prospects of regenerating older urban areas, including the refurbishment and reuse of historic buildings.

= Neighbourhood plans =

One of the few planning reforms to have achieved additional housing site allocations in the places where they are most needed is neighbourhood planning. Neighbourhood plans have tended to allocate sites in the places where they meet local need and are most sustainable, for example around towns. There has usually been strong public support for this due to the more rigorous and inclusive approaches to stakeholder and community engagement, with most plans receiving strong ‘yes’ votes at referendum. In addition, some neighbourhood plans have included creative approaches to regeneration and economic development, including heritage regeneration policies, for example in the Faversham neighbourhood plan. Against this context, it is disappointing that the national neighbourhood planning support programme has been discontinued.

Only a couple of decades ago, housing market renewal areas (pathfinders) were based on a concept of over-supply and managed decline. This primarily involved the purchase and proposed demolition of late-Victorian terraced housing. Large areas of housing were proposed for compulsory purchase and demolition in places like Liverpool and Stoke-on-Trent.

The decision to end the pathfinder programmes led to the selling of vacant properties (which had been subject to compulsory purchase). The housing was subsequently sold off cheaply, including direct sales to the public for £1 per house in Stoke-on-Trent and Liverpool. By selling at low rates, viability gaps were bridged. Some areas proposed for demolition have now been transformed into attractive and desirable neighbourhoods, reconciling heritage conservation (and conservation of embodied carbon) with the provision of improved housing. The pathfinders were based on very questionable assumptions and generalisations. Rather than incentivising growth, the approach was to ‘manage’ decline. Hopefully, few people would support this approach today.

The current policy is also based on blanket assumptions and is equally questionable. A ‘national housing crisis’ and a ‘crisis of affordability’ are often referred to, and this certainly applies to parts of the country. But for many areas, the challenge is viability, and the barrier to housing is low income and lack of local economic opportunity.

The one-size-fits-all approach of planning policy has prevented the country from realising its economic potential. National policy should place greater emphasis on areas in need of physical and economic regeneration. Positive planning can help to address viability challenges and create market confidence. The current focus on increasing land supply is rather like pouring petrol on the flames in such areas.

= Historic town centres =

There should be greater synergy between different chapters of the National Planning Policy Framework. A practical example is in focusing housing growth in and around historic town centres. This is often a good solution in terms of creating sustainable live/work patterns, access to facilities and infrastructure, enhancing the vitality of high streets, and regenerating historic buildings and areas. The NPPF could recognise the role of older peripheral areas (often declining commercial or industrial areas) in offering cheap and affordable floorspace for small businesses, start-ups, and creative and knowledge-based industries.

A more joined-up approach to planning for heritage would be useful. It is not helpful that heritage is in a separate ministry (since 1990) to planning and regeneration, so tends to be seen in cultural rather than socio-economic terms. A useful start would be to redraft some national heritage guidance to focus more on the positive outcomes, including a strong focus on realising the economic potential of historic areas. A much stronger focus on legal terminology would also be useful. Treating heritage as an integral part of social and economic planning for an area can achieve much better conservation outcomes.

This article originally appeared in the Institute of Historic Building Conservation’s (IHBC’s) [https://ihbconline.co.uk/cont_arch/?p=1596 Context 186], published in December 2025. It was written by Dave Chetwyn, managing director of Urban Vision Enterprise, IHBC secretary, and chair of the IHBC communications and outreach committee.

--[[User:Institute_of_Historic_Building_Conservation|Institute of Historic Building Conservation]]

= Related articles on Designing Buildings Conservation. =

* Brownfield site.
* Conservation.
* Conservation area.
* Heritage.
* Historic environment.
* Housing shortage.
* Housing.
* IHBC articles.
* IHBC.
* Local housing need.
* Meeting the demand for housing in the UK.
* Regeneration.
* The revival of urban council housing.

[[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:Policy]] [[Category:Conservation]]

Housing and heritage

2026-10-17T06:30:20Z

Designing Buildings:

File:Blandford.jpg

2026-10-17T06:29:40Z

Designing Buildings: Residential development around Blandford Forum town centre should boost the vitality of the high street. (Photo: Dave Chetwyn). Source: ‘Housing and heritage’ in the Institute of Historic Building Conservation’s (IHBC’s) Context 186, published in

Residential development around Blandford Forum town centre should boost the vitality of the high street. (Photo: Dave Chetwyn). Source: Housing and heritage in the Institute of Historic Building Conservations (IHBCs) Context 186, published in December 2025, written by Dave Chetwyn, managing director of Urban Vision Enterprise, IHBC secretary, and chair of the IHBC communications and outreach committee. https://ihbconline.co.uk/cont_arch/?p=1596 Not for re-use.

File:Blandford 350.jpg

2026-10-17T06:29:21Z

Housing and heritage

2026-10-17T06:25:55Z

Designing Buildings: Created page with "The government’s target and land-supply-led approach could undermine housing delivery in some areas, and undermine the regeneration of brownfield sites and historic towns. = I..."

The government’s target and land-supply-led approach could undermine housing delivery in some areas, and undermine the regeneration of brownfield sites and historic towns.

= Introduction =

The government aims to deliver 1.5 million new homes. It means to achieve this by increasing the land supply for housing through much higher targets for local authorities, enabling them to meet in local plan housing site allocations and by the introduction of grey belt sites (to make development of some green belt sites easier). Is this target and land-supply-led approach likely to work? Or could it undermine housing delivery in some areas, while also undermining the regeneration of brownfield sites and historic towns and buildings?

= Housing, viability and regeneration =

Increasing the rate of house building has been an aim of governments over the last decade or two. This includes target-led approaches, which have been largely unsuccessful in achieving an actual increase in the rate of delivery. Over the last couple of decades, geographical economic discrepancies have tended to widen rather than narrow. In high-growth areas, land and property price inflation have accelerated, while areas with viability challenges have often stagnated or declined further. This has affected historic towns and buildings in some areas. Housing has been one of the key approaches to regenerating historic towns and improving the vitality of high streets.

The more prosperous town centres tend to be those that have developed residential populations in and around the centre over the past few decades. One example is Blandford Forum, where the town council and two adjoining parish councils made housing site allocations around the historic centre through a neighbourhood plan, potentially increasing the residential catchment considerably. This could be game-changing for the historic town centre.

The approach to residential site allocations and heritage has sometimes been negative and passive, focusing on negative impacts and mitigation. But planning positively for heritage means locating housing growth where it will have beneficial impacts on heritage, including benefits to the vitality and viability of historic centres.

Media coverage often suggests that all town centres are in trouble. The reality is more mixed. Some town centres are doing well, while others have declined. In Stoke-on-Trent, this is especially apparent in Hanley and Burslem. Burslem and nearby Middleport and Longport have benefited from various kinds of heritage funding over the past few decades, with some high-profile projects such as the refurbishment of the Grade II*-listed Middleport Pottery and the refurbishment of adjacent former housing. However, some properties in Burslem town centre and the surrounding areas have deteriorated. The Grade II* Price and Kensington Pottery Factory in nearby Longport is partially collapsed. This decline is due to a viability gap. This means that the returns on development (including refurbishment) do not cover the development costs.

In such areas, the consequence of increasing the supply of greenfield housing land is likely to be to be a further widening of the viability gap, making development of brownfield land and reuse, and conversion of historic buildings more challenging. This is not a simple north/ south issue. There are many parts of the southeast that have viability challenges, such as the Isle of Sheppey and other parts of Swale. Even quite prosperous areas like Faversham have viability challenges in reusing industrial heritage. Grey belt land does not include consideration of the particular green belt purpose: ‘to assist in urban regeneration, by encouraging the recycling of derelict and other urban land.’ Exclusion of this purpose highlights that viability is simply not on the political agenda.

The higher housing targets are based on assumptions of more prosperous areas. In London and high-growth areas, affordability is an important issue and the rate of housing delivery a key challenge. There can also be challenges where there are disproportionate levels of overseas and remote ownership of housing assets, further inflating house prices and rental levels. In some areas, including historic coastal towns and rural settlements, second home ownership or loss of family homes to visitor accommodation has led to housing shortages. At the same time, many jobs associated with the tourist and visitor economy are relatively poorly paid, so incomes and house prices are out of kilter.

The application of targets to less well-off areas will oversupply housing land, widening viability gaps or creating viability gaps in more marginal areas. This is likely to undermine market confidence, leading to less rather than more investment by developers. There is already evidence of a drop in the number of residential planning permissions being granted.

Conservation challenges and approaches are fundamentally linked to local land and property economies, which is why economic data is such an important part of heritage evidence bases. There is usually a direct relationship between the land and property economy, vacancy, building condition, high-street vitality and the number of buildings at risk. In some areas, the challenge is price inflation and pressure for development. But in many areas, the challenge is viability.

The needs of high-growth areas and places with viability challenges are almost diametrically opposed. In areas with suppressed land and property values, an over-supply of housing land undermines housing delivery and the prospects of regenerating older urban areas, including the refurbishment and reuse of historic buildings.

= Neighbourhood plans =

One of the few planning reforms to have achieved additional housing site allocations in the places where they are most needed is neighbourhood planning. Neighbourhood plans have tended to allocate sites in the places where they meet local need and are most sustainable, for example around towns. There has usually been strong public support for this due to the more rigorous and inclusive approaches to stakeholder and community engagement, with most plans receiving strong ‘yes’ votes at referendum. In addition, some neighbourhood plans have included creative approaches to regeneration and economic development, including heritage regeneration policies, for example in the Faversham neighbourhood plan. Against this context, it is disappointing that the national neighbourhood planning support programme has been discontinued.

Only a couple of decades ago, housing market renewal areas (pathfinders) were based on a concept of over-supply and managed decline. This primarily involved the purchase and proposed demolition of late-Victorian terraced housing. Large areas of housing were proposed for compulsory purchase and demolition in places like Liverpool and Stoke-on-Trent.

The decision to end the pathfinder programmes led to the selling of vacant properties (which had been subject to compulsory purchase). The housing was subsequently sold off cheaply, including direct sales to the public for £1 per house in Stoke-on-Trent and Liverpool. By selling at low rates, viability gaps were bridged. Some areas proposed for demolition have now been transformed into attractive and desirable neighbourhoods, reconciling heritage conservation (and conservation of embodied carbon) with the provision of improved housing. The pathfinders were based on very questionable assumptions and generalisations. Rather than incentivising growth, the approach was to ‘manage’ decline. Hopefully, few people would support this approach today.

The current policy is also based on blanket assumptions and is equally questionable. A ‘national housing crisis’ and a ‘crisis of affordability’ are often referred to, and this certainly applies to parts of the country. But for many areas, the challenge is viability, and the barrier to housing is low income and lack of local economic opportunity.

The one-size-fits-all approach of planning policy has prevented the country from realising its economic potential. National policy should place greater emphasis on areas in need of physical and economic regeneration. Positive planning can help to address viability challenges and create market confidence. The current focus on increasing land supply is rather like pouring petrol on the flames in such areas.

= Historic town centres =

There should be greater synergy between different chapters of the National Planning Policy Framework. A practical example is in focusing housing growth in and around historic town centres. This is often a good solution in terms of creating sustainable live/work patterns, access to facilities and infrastructure, enhancing the vitality of high streets, and regenerating historic buildings and areas. The NPPF could recognise the role of older peripheral areas (often declining commercial or industrial areas) in offering cheap and affordable floorspace for small businesses, start-ups, and creative and knowledge-based industries.

A more joined-up approach to planning for heritage would be useful. It is not helpful that heritage is in a separate ministry (since 1990) to planning and regeneration, so tends to be seen in cultural rather than socio-economic terms. A useful start would be to redraft some national heritage guidance to focus more on the positive outcomes, including a strong focus on realising the economic potential of historic areas. A much stronger focus on legal terminology would also be useful. Treating heritage as an integral part of social and economic planning for an area can achieve much better conservation outcomes.

This article originally appeared in the Institute of Historic Building Conservation’s (IHBC’s) [https://ihbconline.co.uk/cont_arch/?p=1596 Context 186], published in December 2025. It was written by Dave Chetwyn, managing director of Urban Vision Enterprise, IHBC secretary, and chair of the IHBC communications and outreach committee.

--[[User:Institute_of_Historic_Building_Conservation|Institute of Historic Building Conservation]]

= Related articles on Designing Buildings Conservation. =

* Brownfield site.
* Conservation.
* Conservation area.
* Heritage.
* Historic environment.
* Housing shortage.
* Housing.
* IHBC articles.
* IHBC.
* Local housing need.
* Meeting the demand for housing in the UK.
* Regeneration.
* The revival of urban council housing.

[[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:Policy]] [[Category:Conservation]]

Shower Glass Partition

2026-10-17T05:56:39Z

Designing Buildings:

[[File:SteamyShower.jpg|link=File:SteamyShower.jpg]]

= Introduction =

A shower glass partition is a glass screen or enclosure that separates a showering area from the surrounding bathroom. It helps contain splashing water while maintaining an open appearance and allowing natural or artificial light to pass through the space. Shower partitions are available in a range of configurations, including fixed panels, hinged doors, sliding doors and enclosed shower cubicles.

The appropriate design depends on the bathroom layout, available space, privacy requirements, accessibility, water containment and maintenance needs. Glass type, panel dimensions, supporting hardware and installation quality are also important considerations for safety and durability.

= Types of shower glass partition =

== Framed, semi-frameless and frameless partitions ==

Framed shower partitions use metal profiles around the edges of the glass panels. The frame supports the panels and provides locations for seals and fittings. This arrangement can accommodate a range of enclosure configurations, although the profiles and joints require regular cleaning.

Semi-frameless partitions combine framed and unframed elements. Some edges are supported by metal profiles, while others have little or no visible framing. The precise configuration varies between manufacturers and systems.

Frameless partitions use thicker glass panels supported by suitable hinges, brackets, channels or other fittings, with minimal visible framing. They can create an open appearance, but their performance depends on accurate measurement, appropriate structural support and correctly installed seals. Frameless construction does not necessarily provide better water containment than a well-designed framed enclosure.

== Fixed screens and walk-in showers ==

A fixed shower screen consists of one or more stationary glass panels that separate the showering area from the rest of the bathroom. It is often used with a walk-in shower and has relatively few moving parts, reducing the maintenance associated with hinges or sliding mechanisms.

The effectiveness of a fixed screen depends on its dimensions, position, the direction of the shower spray and the floor layout. An open-sided design may allow more water to escape than a fully enclosed shower, so the screen should be selected alongside the drainage and waterproofing arrangements.

== Hinged and sliding doors ==

Hinged shower doors pivot on hinges attached to a wall, frame or fixed glass panel. They require sufficient clearance for the door to open without striking sanitary fittings or other obstructions. The opening arrangement should also allow convenient access and cleaning.

Sliding shower doors move along tracks or rollers and generally require less clearance in front of the enclosure. They can be useful in compact bathrooms, although tracks and rollers may accumulate soap deposits and limescale. Adequate access for cleaning and maintenance should be considered during selection.

== Clear, frosted and textured glass ==

Clear glass provides an unobstructed view through the enclosure and allows light to pass through with little visual interruption. Frosted, patterned, ribbed or textured glass reduces visibility and can provide greater privacy while still transmitting light. Tinted glass is another option, although its appearance and light transmission depend on the tint.

Glass treatments and coatings may help reduce water marks or make cleaning easier, but they do not eliminate maintenance. Their compatibility with cleaning products and the manufacturer's care instructions should be checked before use.

= Benefits and limitations =

Glass shower partitions can help maintain visual continuity within a bathroom and allow light to pass between the showering area and the rest of the room. They can also provide more effective splash protection than an inadequately positioned shower curtain, depending on the enclosure design and installation.

Glass is non-absorbent and does not retain moisture in the same way as fabric. However, soap deposits, mineral residues and water marks can accumulate on its surface. Metal fittings, seals and sliding tracks also require cleaning and inspection.

The main limitations include the initial cost, the need for regular cleaning and the risk of breakage. A glass screen does not, by itself, make a bathroom waterproof. Effective water management also depends on the shower tray or floor, drainage, waterproofing, joints and seals.

= Glass specification and safety =

Shower screens should use glass suitable for their intended application. Toughened glass, also known as tempered glass, is commonly used because it is stronger than ordinary annealed glass and typically breaks into small fragments rather than large, sharp shards. However, it can still break, and its strength does not remove the need for appropriate design and installation.

Laminated glass consists of two or more layers of glass bonded with an interlayer. If it breaks, the interlayer can help retain fragments. The appropriate specification depends on the panel dimensions, support arrangements, risk of impact and applicable safety requirements.

Glass thickness should be selected according to the dimensions of the panel, its method of support, the door mechanism and the manufacturer's specification. Holes, cut-outs and edge treatments must be designed before toughening, as subsequent cutting or drilling can cause the glass to break.

Hardware, including hinges, brackets, handles, rollers and fixings, should be suitable for the loads imposed by the glass and for use in a damp environment. Installation should follow the system manufacturer's requirements, with particular attention to secure fixings, alignment and safe operation.

= Selection and installation =

Selecting a shower glass partition requires consideration of the bathroom's dimensions, the location of sanitary fittings, the shower's position and the available access space. Hinged doors need sufficient clearance to open, while sliding doors require space for their tracks and moving panels. Fixed screens need to be positioned to provide adequate splash protection without obstructing access.

Accurate measurements are essential because walls and floors may not be perfectly level, plumb or square. The installation system must accommodate any permitted variation while maintaining suitable support and sealing. The floor gradient and drainage arrangement should direct water towards the drain rather than allowing it to escape into adjacent areas.

Before ordering, the specification should confirm the glass type and thickness, panel dimensions, hardware finish, opening arrangement, seals and fixing method. The scope of installation work and any required adjustments to the surrounding surfaces should also be established.

= Cleaning and maintenance =

Regular maintenance helps preserve the appearance and operation of a shower glass partition. The glass can be wiped with a squeegee after use to reduce water marks and mineral deposits. Cleaning products should be compatible with the glass, any protective coating and the metal fittings; abrasive materials and unsuitable chemicals may damage surfaces.

Hinges, handles, rollers and tracks should be cleaned periodically to remove soap deposits and limescale. Seals should be inspected for deterioration, displacement or damage and replaced when necessary. Loose fixings, damaged glass and mechanisms that no longer operate correctly should be assessed promptly.

= Glass partition compared with a shower curtain =

A shower curtain is generally less expensive to install and can be replaced relatively easily. It also offers flexibility where a permanent screen is unsuitable. However, curtains may retain moisture and develop stains or odours if they are not cleaned and dried adequately.

A glass partition provides a more rigid barrier and may offer better splash containment when correctly designed. It is generally more durable than a fabric curtain but has a higher initial cost and requires regular cleaning to maintain its appearance. The appropriate choice depends on budget, available space, accessibility, maintenance and the required level of water containment.

= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

* Safety glass
* Tempered glass
* Glazing
* Waterproofing
* Laminated glass
* Glass for buildings
* Glass block wall

[[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Crushing Plant Upgrade Strategies in the Context of Quarry Expansion in Colombia

2026-10-17T05:54:02Z

Designing Buildings:

= Introduction =

Crushing plant upgrades can help quarry operators increase production capacity, improve aggregate quality, reduce operating costs and meet environmental requirements. The appropriate upgrade strategy depends on the characteristics of the material being processed, existing plant configuration, required product grading, available space and anticipated demand.

Aggregate production typically involves several stages, including primary, secondary and, where necessary, tertiary crushing, followed by screening and material handling. Improving one stage without assessing its effect on the rest of the process can create bottlenecks elsewhere in the plant. A successful upgrade therefore requires an assessment of the complete production system, from extraction and feed preparation to the delivery of finished aggregate.

Infrastructure development, road construction, urban expansion and industrial projects can increase demand for aggregates. Quarry operators responding to rising demand should assess whether existing equipment can be upgraded, additional processing stages are required or a combination of fixed and mobile equipment would provide the most effective solution.

= Strategies for upgrading crushing plants =

== Assessing existing plant capacity ==

Before selecting new equipment, operators should establish the plant's current production capacity, utilisation, availability and operating costs. Records of throughput, downtime, maintenance, energy consumption and product quality can help identify constraints. The nominal capacity specified by an equipment manufacturer should not be confused with actual production, which depends on feed characteristics, operating conditions and the capacity of connected equipment.

A plant audit should consider the condition and performance of feeders, crushers, screens, conveyors and stockpiles. It should also identify restrictions caused by insufficient feed supply, poor material flow, excessive recirculation or inadequate screening capacity. Addressing these constraints may improve production without requiring the replacement of the entire crushing system.

== Upgrading primary crushing ==

The primary crusher reduces extracted rock to a size suitable for subsequent processing. Jaw crushers and gyratory crushers are commonly used for primary crushing, with the choice depending on factors such as feed size, required throughput, rock characteristics and plant configuration.

Replacing an ageing crusher can increase capacity, improve reliability and reduce maintenance requirements. However, the upgrade must be compatible with the feed system, discharge arrangements, downstream equipment and structural capacity of the existing installation. Improvements to feed preparation, including the removal of unsuitable fines and the use of an appropriately sized feeder, may also increase performance.

== Increasing secondary and tertiary crushing capacity ==

Secondary and tertiary crushing stages reduce material to the required product sizes and help control aggregate grading. Cone crushers are commonly used for crushing hard and abrasive rock, while impact crushers can be suitable for a range of softer to moderately hard materials, depending on their abrasiveness and the required product specification.

An impact crusher uses high-speed impact to fracture material and can produce aggregates with a relatively cubical shape. Its suitability depends on feed properties, desired reduction ratio, wear costs and the proportion of fines generated. For highly abrasive rock, wear-part consumption may make an impact crusher less economical than a compression crusher.

Adding or upgrading a crushing stage may increase throughput or improve product consistency, but the effects on screening, recirculating loads, conveyors and finished-product storage should be assessed before implementation.

== Automation and process control ==

Automated control systems can regulate feed rates, coordinate crushing stages and monitor operating conditions. Sensors and control software can help operators identify blockages, detect abnormal operating conditions and maintain more consistent production. Remote monitoring can also support maintenance planning and reduce the need for manual inspection in hazardous areas.

Automation should be integrated with appropriate safety systems, including emergency stops, interlocks and isolation procedures. Any modifications to existing equipment should be assessed to ensure that the upgraded plant remains safe to operate and maintain.

== Environmental performance ==

Crushing and screening generate airborne dust and noise, while conveyors and mobile plant can contribute to environmental emissions. Upgrades may incorporate water sprays, dust extraction, enclosed transfer points, noise barriers and improved equipment maintenance. The appropriate measures depend on the site, the materials processed and the relevant environmental requirements.

Water-based dust suppression requires consideration of water availability, drainage and the effects of moisture on screening and material handling. Energy efficiency can be improved through suitable equipment selection, efficient drive systems and reduced unnecessary material recirculation. Environmental performance should be evaluated alongside production capacity and operating costs.

== Spare parts and technical support ==

The availability of replacement components and appropriately trained maintenance personnel can significantly affect plant availability. Before upgrading equipment, operators should assess spare-parts lead times, maintenance access, supplier support arrangements and the availability of technical documentation.

Critical spares should be identified according to equipment reliability, failure consequences and procurement lead times. Planned maintenance and condition monitoring can help reduce unplanned shutdowns, although neither eliminates the need for periodic inspection and component replacement.

= Economic and operational considerations =

The economic case for a crushing plant upgrade should consider capital expenditure, installation costs, production losses during the upgrade, energy consumption, labour, maintenance and the expected service life of the equipment. Increased nominal capacity does not necessarily translate into higher saleable production if other stages of the process remain constrained.

A whole-life cost assessment can help compare equipment replacement, refurbishment and additional processing capacity. The assessment should account for expected utilisation, product demand, material characteristics and the potential costs associated with downtime. Phased upgrades may allow production to continue during installation, but the sequencing of work must be compatible with site constraints and operational safety.

= Preparing for long-term quarry growth =

A successful crushing plant upgrade combines appropriate equipment selection with an understanding of the complete production process. Assessing existing capacity, identifying bottlenecks, improving material flow and coordinating crushing, screening and conveying can increase productivity without unnecessary investment.

Mobile and modular crushing systems can provide flexibility where extraction areas change or processing requirements vary, while fixed installations may be more appropriate for sustained, high-volume production. Impact crushers can improve particle shape in suitable applications, but their performance and operating costs depend on the properties of the feed material.

Long-term planning should take account of anticipated aggregate demand, product specifications, environmental requirements, maintenance resources and the potential for future expansion. A balanced approach can improve plant reliability, product quality and operating efficiency while supporting the sustainable use of quarry resources.

= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

* Stone Crushing Plant for Heavy Quarry Operations
* How to Configure Aggregate Production Lines for Large-Scale Engineering Projects
* Crusher Plants
* Improving Crushing Plant Efficiency With Screening And Sand Washing Machines
* Detailed Explanation of Pre-Installation Preparations for Aggregate Crushing Plants
* Application of Spray Dust Suppression Systems in Aggregate Projects
* What Sizes of Construction Aggregates Can the Crushing Plant Produce?

[[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Sofa bed

2026-10-17T05:52:05Z

Designing Buildings:

= Introduction =

A sofa bed is a multifunctional piece of furniture designed to provide seating and sleeping accommodation within a single unit. It can be used to make more efficient use of available floor space in small homes, studio flats, guest rooms and other areas where a separate sofa and bed may not be practical. Sofa beds are available in a range of sizes, styles, upholstery materials and conversion mechanisms.

The suitability of a sofa bed depends on its intended use, the available space, the comfort of its seating and sleeping surfaces, and the durability of its frame and mechanism. Models intended for occasional guests may have different construction and comfort characteristics from those designed for regular or everyday sleeping.

= Types of sofa bed =

Sofa beds use different mechanisms and configurations to convert between seating and sleeping positions.

* Pull-out sofa bed: A sleeping platform, often incorporating a mattress, is stored within the sofa frame and pulled out when required. The available sleeping area and mattress construction vary between models.
* Click-clack sofa bed: The backrest moves through a hinged mechanism and folds down to form a flat sleeping surface. These models are often relatively simple to operate and may be suitable for smaller rooms.
* Foldable sofa bed: The seating and sleeping surfaces fold or unfold to create a bed. Some designs use a compact foam mattress and have no separate pull-out frame.
* Corner or L-shaped sofa bed: A corner sofa incorporates a sleeping function, which may be provided by a pull-out mechanism or a convertible seating section. Some models also include storage compartments.

The choice of mechanism affects the amount of floor space required, the ease of conversion, the size of the sleeping surface and the maintenance requirements.

= Design and construction =

== Frame and mechanism ==

The frame supports the seating and sleeping surfaces and must withstand the loads associated with both functions. Frames may be constructed from timber, metal or a combination of materials. The conversion mechanism should operate smoothly and securely, with moving parts checked periodically for wear, damage or obstruction.

The dimensions and weight of the sofa bed affect its installation and use. Measurements should account for the additional floor space required when the bed is extended, as well as access through doorways, corridors and staircases during delivery.

== Upholstery and cushioning ==

Sofa beds are available with a variety of upholstery materials, including woven fabrics, leather and synthetic alternatives. The choice affects appearance, durability, cleaning requirements and resistance to staining. Cushion fillings may include foam, fibre or combinations of materials, with different levels of firmness and support.

The upholstery and padding should be suitable for the intended frequency of use. Removable covers can simplify cleaning where provided, but care instructions vary according to the material and construction.

== Sleeping comfort ==

The comfort of a sofa bed depends on the design of its sleeping surface, the quality of its mattress or cushions, and the support provided by the underlying frame. Some designs have a separate mattress, while others use the seat and back cushions to form the bed.

For regular sleeping, mattress thickness, firmness, support and the continuity of the sleeping surface are important considerations. Joints, gaps and differences in height between sections may affect comfort. Where possible, the sleeping surface should be assessed in its fully extended configuration before purchase.

= Applications and benefits =

Sofa beds can provide additional sleeping accommodation without requiring a dedicated bedroom. Common applications include studio flats, small dwellings, guest rooms, home offices and multipurpose living spaces.

Their principal advantage is the combination of seating and sleeping functions in one item of furniture. This can reduce the number of separate pieces required and allow rooms to be used for different purposes. Some models also incorporate storage for bedding or other household items.

However, a sofa bed may be heavier or more mechanically complex than a conventional sofa. The need to move cushions, extend a frame or reposition furniture can affect its convenience. A sofa bed is not necessarily cheaper than buying separate furniture, particularly where a high-quality mattress and mechanism are required.

= Selection and maintenance =

When selecting a sofa bed, the following factors should be considered:

* Dimensions: measure the available space in both seating and sleeping configurations, including clearance for operating the mechanism.
* Intended use: distinguish between occasional guest accommodation and everyday sleeping, as these uses place different demands on the mattress and frame.
* Comfort: assess the seating cushions and sleeping surface independently.
* Construction: check the frame, joints, hinges, support structure and conversion mechanism.
* Upholstery: choose materials appropriate to the expected wear, cleaning requirements and indoor environment.
* Access and handling: check the dimensions and weight of the furniture against the access routes to its intended location.
* Maintenance: follow the manufacturer's instructions for cleaning upholstery, inspecting moving parts and maintaining the mechanism.

Regular vacuuming and prompt treatment of spills can help maintain upholstery. The mechanism should be kept free of obstructions and inspected for loose fixings or signs of damage. The sofa bed should be operated in accordance with its instructions, and its specified load limits should not be exceeded.

In the UK, upholstered domestic furniture may be subject to the Furniture and Furnishings (Fire) (Safety) Regulations 1988, as amended. Applicable requirements depend on the product and its intended use. Buyers should check that the sofa bed meets the relevant fire-safety requirements.

= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

* Furniture
* Furnishings
* Seating
* Bedroom
* Efficient Space-Saving Beds for Modern Living
* Divan beds
* Choosing the Right Bed Size: Which One Offers the Best Sleep?

[[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Identifying and Matching Traditional Cast Iron Guttering on Historic Buildings

2026-10-17T05:49:00Z

Designing Buildings:

= Identifying and Matching Traditional Cast Iron Guttering on Historic Buildings =

Cast iron guttering has been used on British buildings for well over a century. From Victorian terraces and Georgian townhouses to churches, country houses and traditional farm buildings, it remains an important feature of historic architecture.

While its primary purpose is to carry rainwater safely away from a building, traditional cast iron guttering can also contribute significantly to its appearance and character. The shape of the gutter, the detailing of the brackets and the design of the downpipes are often closely associated with the building's original construction.

When repairs or replacements become necessary, identifying the existing system correctly is therefore an important first step. What appears to be a straightforward gutter replacement can become more complicated when older profiles, unusual dimensions or discontinued fittings are involved.

== Why matching existing cast iron guttering matters ==

Traditional cast iron rainwater systems were manufactured in numerous profiles and sizes, often by different regional foundries. Although many of these designs remain available today, the dimensions of older systems do not always correspond exactly with modern equivalents.

Two gutters may have the same nominal width but differ in depth, cross-sectional shape or joint arrangement. As a result, a replacement section that appears suitable on paper may not connect correctly to the existing installation.

There is also the architectural consideration. Replacing a decorative Victorian ogee gutter with a plain half round profile, for example, may change the appearance of the roofline, even if both systems can accommodate the required rainfall.

Historic England recommends that permanent replacement sections of historically significant rainwater goods should normally match the original material and profile. Retaining serviceable original components should also be considered before undertaking wholesale replacement.

== Common traditional cast iron gutter profiles ==

Several traditional gutter profiles remain widely available, although their suitability depends on the building and the existing installation.

=== Plain Half Round ===

Plain Half Round is one of the most recognisable cast iron gutter profiles. It has a simple curved cross-section, without the decorative front detailing found on some other traditional systems.

Its relatively understated appearance makes it suitable for a wide variety of buildings, including cottages, traditional houses, outbuildings and larger historic properties.

=== Beaded Half Round ===

Beaded Half Round follows a similar rounded shape but incorporates a raised bead along the exposed edge.

This small detail can be difficult to identify from ground level, particularly when the gutter has been repainted several times. However, it makes a noticeable difference when viewed closely and should be considered when replacing individual sections or fittings.

=== Victorian Ogee ===

Victorian Ogee guttering has a more decorative profile, typically featuring a shaped front face and a flatter back.

It is commonly associated with traditional Victorian architecture, where the gutter itself can form part of the decorative detailing of the building.

Because ogee profiles are asymmetrical, their socket arrangements and some associated fittings require particular attention when matching an existing installation.

=== Moulded Ogee ===

Moulded guttering generally has a deeper, more substantial appearance, with a pronounced decorative front profile.

Unlike standard Half Round guttering, moulded profiles are commonly identified using both width and depth measurements, such as 100 × 75mm or 125 × 100mm.

Older moulded gutters can vary considerably between manufacturers, making accurate identification especially important.

== How to identify an existing cast iron gutter ==

The most reliable approach is to assess the gutter's profile, dimensions and connections together rather than relying on any single measurement.

=== 1. Identify the cross-sectional shape ===

The shape of the gutter is usually the most useful starting point.

An exposed end, stop end or loose section can reveal details that are difficult to distinguish when viewing the installation from below.

Look for a simple rounded bowl, a raised bead along the front edge, an ogee-shaped face or a deeper moulded section.

Where safe access is available, photographs taken directly towards the end of the gutter can be useful when comparing the existing profile with current manufacturers' drawings.

=== 2. Record the dimensions ===

Both the overall width and depth of the gutter should be measured.

The length of existing sections, position of outlets, downpipe diameter and dimensions of any associated fittings should also be recorded.

Nominal sizes alone should not be treated as proof of compatibility. A 125mm Plain Half Round gutter, for example, is not necessarily interchangeable with a 125mm Beaded Half Round or Victorian Ogee section.

=== 3. Examine the joints and sockets ===

Traditional cast iron gutters generally use mechanically fastened joints, but socket arrangements and sealing details can vary.

When replacing part of an existing run, the position, orientation and dimensions of these joints must be checked.

A matching gutter profile is of little use if its socket arrangement prevents it from connecting properly to the remaining sections.

=== 4. Look for manufacturer markings ===

Some cast iron rainwater goods have manufacturer names, casting numbers or other identifying marks.

These may be found on the gutter itself, on hopper heads, downpipe sockets or associated fittings.

Such markings can help establish the original manufacturer or pattern. However, the absence of a recognisable name does not mean the system cannot be identified.

== Assessing the condition before replacement ==

Not every damaged cast iron gutter requires complete replacement.

Common problems include leaking joints, deteriorating paintwork, localised corrosion, damaged brackets and blockages caused by leaves or debris.

Where the casting remains structurally sound, cleaning, repainting or resealing joints may be sufficient to restore its performance.

Historic England emphasises regular inspection and maintenance as the first response to problems with traditional rainwater systems. Replacement or alteration should be considered where repairs cannot adequately address the defects or the system no longer meets the building's drainage requirements.

If replacement is necessary, the condition of adjacent sections should be assessed. Installing a new gutter alongside heavily corroded or poorly supported existing components may leave the underlying problem unresolved.

== Matching brackets, outlets and downpipes ==

The gutter itself is only one part of a traditional rainwater system.

Brackets, outlets, hopper heads, downpipes and fixing arrangements all affect how the system performs.

Cast iron is a relatively heavy material, and brackets must be suitable for supporting the gutter and the loads imposed during service. The spacing, condition and fixing method of existing supports should therefore be assessed rather than assuming they can automatically be reused.

Outlets also require attention. Their position and size need to suit the existing downpipe arrangement and the drainage requirements of the roof.

Where original cast iron downpipes are being retained, it is important to confirm that new outlets, bends and connections will fit the existing pipework.

The use of compatible fixings and fittings is particularly important where different metals are present, as inappropriate combinations can introduce a risk of galvanic corrosion.

== Considerations for listed buildings and conservation projects ==

Cast iron rainwater goods can form part of a historic building's architectural significance.

Decorative hopper heads, unusual gutter profiles and original castings may provide evidence of a building's age or previous alterations. Some hopper heads even incorporate dates or inscriptions.

For listed buildings, proposed alterations should be considered in the context of the building's significance. Listed building consent or other approvals may be required, depending on the work involved.

Where replacement is unavoidable, recording the original arrangement before removing components can provide valuable information for future conservation work.

There may also be cases where the existing rainwater system needs greater drainage capacity. Any proposed changes should balance the functional requirements of the roof against their effect on the building's appearance and historic fabric.

An increase in gutter or downpipe size should not automatically be regarded as the best solution. Additional outlets, improved maintenance or changes elsewhere in the drainage system may offer alternatives.

== What if the original gutter profile is no longer available? ==

Occasionally, an existing cast iron gutter cannot be matched directly to a current standard profile.

This is particularly common where older foundries produced their own moulds or where a building contains non-standard decorative rainwater goods.

Possible approaches include repairing and retaining the original section, locating compatible reclaimed components or commissioning specialist replacement castings.

Where modern equivalents are being considered, dimensions and joint compatibility should be checked against manufacturer drawings or physical samples before materials are ordered.

For historically important buildings, the closest visual match is not always the most appropriate option. The conservation significance of the original material and detailing should also inform the decision.

== Conclusion ==

Matching traditional cast iron guttering involves more than identifying its approximate size.

The cross-sectional profile, joint arrangement, brackets, outlets and architectural detailing all need to be considered, particularly when repairing older buildings.

A careful survey before replacement can prevent incompatible components being specified, reduce unnecessary work and help preserve the character of the original rainwater system.

Where existing cast iron components remain serviceable, repair and continued maintenance may be preferable to replacement. Where new materials are required, selecting compatible products that respect the original installation is an important part of protecting the building over the longer term.

= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

* Rain gutter
* Cast iron
* Care for your church and church property
* Conservation of Architectural Ironwork
* When does cost outweigh conservation?
* Understanding vernacular architecture
* Lowestoft's heritage action zones
* Conservation wiki

== References and further reading ==

* [https://historicengland.org.uk/advice/technical-advice/retrofit-and-energy-efficiency-in-historic-buildings/resilient-rainwater-systems/upgrades-or-alterations-to-rainwater-goods/ Historic England – Upgrades or Alterations to Rainwater Goods]
* [https://historicengland.org.uk/advice/technical-advice/retrofit-and-energy-efficiency-in-historic-buildings/resilient-rainwater-systems/inspection-maintenance-and-repair-of-rainwater-systems/ Historic England – Inspection, Maintenance and Repair of Rainwater Systems]
* [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Rain_gutter Designing Buildings – Rain Gutter]
* [https://www.castironguttering.co.uk/pages/cast-iron-guttering Cast Iron Warehouse – How to Identify Your Existing Cast Iron Gutter Profile]

[[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Products_/_components]] [[Category:Conservation]]

Builder's work in connection

2026-10-16T08:47:11Z

Designing Buildings:

The term ‘builder’s work in connection’ (BWIC) refers to builder's work that is necessary as a result of other works, typically mechanical and electrical services but also specialist installations, such as lifts, escalators, roller shutters, hoists and cleaning cradles, and so on.

For example, the installation of mechanical and electrical services might require:

* Cutting, forming or drilling through walls, floors or ceilings to allow services to pass.
* Ensuring structural integrity is not compromised.
* Chasing block and brickwork for conduits or pipes.
* Lifting and replacing floors.
* Asbestos removal.
* Plant moving services.
* Sealing holes.
* Reinstating fire, thermal or acoustic separation.
* Constructing plinths.
* Making good plaster and other finishes.
* Maintenance access requirements such as access panels, decking, platforms, cat ladders and handrails.

This may involve works that require building regulations approvals and possibly testing certificates (for example, cleaning cradle restraining bolts).

Builder's work in connection is generally carried out by the main contractor for a mechanical and electrical sub-contractor and other such specialist trades. However, sometimes, the mechanical and electrical works might be part of the main contract and the builders work in connection sub-contracted.

Builder’s work in connection should not be confused general site preliminaries such as; welfare provisions, site offices, plant, site waste clearance, and so on, which are priced separately.

Estimators typically price builder's work in connection as 7% of the specialist work value.

Responsibility for builder’s work in connection, and the allowance made for it, should be clearly set out in the tender documents and the sub-contract, so that it is neither omitted nor priced twice.

Openings formed for services through fire-resisting walls and floors can compromise compartmentation, so they need to be properly sealed and fire-stopped in line with Approved Document B, and the work should be recorded. Where asbestos may be disturbed, the Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012 apply.

= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

* Attendance.
* Bill of quantities.
* Builders' work details.
* Building regulations.
* Construction contract.
* Preliminaries.
* Sub-contractor.

[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Contracts_/_payment]] [[Category:Procurement]]

CIAT articles

2026-10-16T08:43:56Z

Designing Buildings:

Articles on Designing Buildings by The Chartered Institute of Architectural Technologists include:

# The world's first mass timber data centre. October 2026.
# AT Award Winners 2026. October 2026.
# Building safety levy for England: Estimator tool for CIAT members. October 2026.
# From compliance to confidence: benchmarked by competence. October 2026.
# Rethinking passive fire protection in design. September 2026.
# New guidance for conversion of Scotland's traditional buildings. September 2026.
# SocEnv sets out Strategy to 2045. September 2026.
# Domestic projects in Wales: dutyholder responsibilities. August 2026.
# Building the future workforce. August 2026.
# Connecting knowledge, technology and conservation: Building competence for the future of built heritage. August 2026.
# Construction's sustainability reporting revolution. August 2026.
# Solar window generates power from inside and out. August 2026.
# CIAT's Mentor Match Me. July 2026
# MEP services penetration seals. July 2026
# CIAT Wales Region to host high-level industry panel on Building Safety Act implementation in Wales. June 2026. July 2026
# ‎CIAT responds to Climate Change Committee 2026 Progress Report. July 2026
# ‎Confronting competency, codes, capacity, construction products and yes, costs as a decade since Grenfell approaches. July 2026
# The King’s Speech May 2026. (mention). May 2026.
# Building Safety recap April, 2026. (mention). May 2026.
# Biodiversity Net Gain reform; CIAT briefing. May 2026.
# ITFG publishes new guidance on managing competence in organisations across the built environment. May 2026.
# Calls for the delayed Circular Economy Strategy. May 2026.
# How construction can cut its carbon footprint by caring for soil. April 2026.
# The Architectural Technology podcast: Where it's AT (updated) April 2026.
# How change of use legislation is breathing new life into previously used buildings. April 2026.
# Why vitrified clay pipes are reclaiming their place in modern infrastructure. March 2026
# How plumbing and heating can elevate sustainability in new build properties. March 2026
# Future Homes Building Standards and plug-in solar availability (mention). March 2026
# How later living housing can help solve the housing crisis. March 2026
# Structured product data as a competitive advantage. March 2026
# Beyond the render: embedding AI tools into architectural education. March 2026
# Insulation solutions for less waste as part of a circular economy. March 2026
# The Architectural Technology podcast: Where it's AT. March 2026
# Future Homes Standard Essentials launched (mention). March 2026
# Delayed, derailed and devalued: how the UK’s planning crisis is undermining British manufacturing. March 2026
# AI-Driven automation in architectural design: Reducing time, enhancing compliance. March 2026
# The massive challenge for construction as PFI agreements come to an end. February 2026.
# Chartered bodies call for greater recognition of professional standard (mention). February 2026.
# Retrofitting for resilience with the Leicester Resilience Hub. February 2026.
# Holme Gardens: a case study and a warning to would-be developers. February 2026.
# Building Safety recap January, 2026 (mention). February 2026.
# Applications and benefits of acoustic flooring. February 2026.
# Futurebuild 2026: Connecting ambition and action for designers and specifiers. February 2026.
# Built environment bodies deepen joint action on EDI with 2025-30 plan (mention). February 2026.
# Advancing BIM competency: Transforming Architectural Technology education. February 2026.
# Modernising heat networks: why HIUs hold the key to efficiency upgrades. February 2026.
# The Warm Homes Plan details released. (mention), January 2026.
# How neural technologies could transform the future of design. January 2026.
# Interview with the new CIAT President. January 2026.
# CIAT outlines position as RIBA calls for a competence-led approach to architects’ regulation. January 2026.
# Safety, innovation and diversity in building design. January 2026.
# Concerning misconceptions of fire safety in riser shafts. January 2026.
# Beyond the Warm Homes Plan. January 2026.
# AI in construction: Empowering humans, not replacing them. December 2025.
# CIAT Building safety and regulation December update 2025. December 2025.
# Industry reaction, as MHCLG publishes single construction regulator prospectus. December 2025.
# Building Safety recap November, 2025 (mention). December 2025.
# Choosing the right skirting. December 2025.
# The Architectural Technology podcast: Where it's AT. December 2025.
# CIAT celebrates 60th anniversary and welcomes new President at AGM. November 2025.
# Construction and the autumn Budget 2025 (mention). November 2025.
# The CIAT Climate Society. November 2025.
# Biodiversity Net Gain: statutory must-haves, plus the delivery model that de-risks planning. November 2025.
# The arc: identifying and engaging specialist historic environment professionals (update). November 2025.
# Building Safety recap October, 2025 (mention). November 2025.
# Step guide to choosing the correct LED step lighting system. November 2025.
# Architectural technology at 60. October 2025.
# Inclusive Healthcare Design; guidance and case study. October 2025.
# The Architectural Technology Awards 2025 (updated). September 2025.
# The value of valves: why they are critical for effective plumbing systems in multi-occupancy buildings. Sept 2025.
# Building a sustainable future: environmental innovations in decorative coatings. September 2025.
# How to specify timber stairs. September 2025.
# Transforming spaces: the power of underfloor heating combined with smart technology. September 2025.
# Are new towns the future or the past? The role of land assembly in reawakening a vision. August 2025.
# The Net Zero Carbon Buildings Standard and the proposed Part Z. August 2025.
# Design and construction industry podcasts (repost. mention). August 2025.
# What changes are needed to the NDG and NMDC and why. August 2025.
# Manufacturer competency codes, standards and frameworks (mention). August 2025.
# Will 1.5m homes become a reality? August 2025.
# What makes a responsible construction product manufacturer? August 2025.
# Fasteners as the key to optimised metal building envelope performance. August 2025.
# Fundamental Review of Building Regulations Guidance (CIAT mention and comment). August 2025.
# BREEAM: The importance of attaining excellence. August 2025.
# Compressed Earth Blocks as a route to meeting greenhouse gas reduction targets. August 2025.
# Restoration sees clay brick buildings live on in spectacular style. July 2025
# Harnessing data for a sustainable built environment. July 2025
# The UK Net Zero Carbon Buildings Standard: creating a true pathway to the future. July 2025
# The Seventh Carbon Budget: what it means for the built environment. July 2025
# Zero carbon social housing: unlocking brownfield potential. July 2025
# UKGBC launch the UK Climate Resilience Roadmap. July 2025
# A change to adoptive architecture (repost).July 2025
# Overheating in homes: how big is the problem and what can we do to mitigate the effects? June 2025.
# CIAT CPDs and Communications. June 2025.
# The Grenfell Tower fire, eight years on. June 2025.
# The benefits of specifiers engaging with insulation manufacturers. June 2025.
# Cash on delivery? Reflections on the spending review. June 2025.
# The Spending Review in brief (mention). June 2025.
# Functionality, visibility, sustainability: the simpler approach to specification. June 2025.
# The impact of recycled slate tiles. June 2025.
# Built Environment professional bodies deepen commitment to EDI with two new signatories. June 2025.
# CIAT at the London Festival of Architecture. June 2025.
# High street health: converting a building for healthcare uses. May 2025.
# Design and construction industry podcasts (mention). May 2025.
# The Architectural Technology Awards. May 2025.
# The CIAT Climate Society; in discussion with the Chair. May 2025.
# The benefits of precast, off-site foundation systems in modern construction. May 2025.
# Resilient facade systems for smog reduction in Shanghai: a technical approach. May 2025.
# New CIAT Professional Standards Competency Framework. May 2025.
# Combating burnout with biophilic design. May 2025.
# Sixteen Passivhaus social homes benefit from heat pump service. April 2025.
# From analytics to action: using technology to empower communities. April 2025.
# Evaluating fire safety of living wall systems. April 2025.
# AI in architecture: elevating 3D modelling and spatial design with automation and innovation. April 2025.
# OpenUSD possibilities: Look before you leap. April 2025.
# How can digital twins boost profitability within construction? March 2025.
# Spring Statement 2025. mention quote. March 2025.
# Architects Academy Programme technical engagement for aspiring designers at an insulation manufacturing facility. March 2025
# Futuristic elevators; from self-climbing robotic installations to metacores and PORT tech. March 2025
# The future is elevated: A look inside Schindler’s innovative new designs and how they might usher in a brighter future for our cities. March 2025
# The self-climbing, autonomous Robotic Installation System for Elevators R.I.S.E. March 2025
# Microcosm of biodiversity in balconies and containers: minor design adaptations for considerable biodiversity benefit. March 2025
# Attending a conservation training course, personal account. March 2025
# Shelter from the storm in Ukraine. March 2025..
# Reactions to the government response to the Grenfell inquiry final report. March 2025
# Procurement Act 2023. February 2025.
# Preparing for the future: how specifiers can lead the way. February 2025.
# Shortage of high-quality data and other fundamental issues threatening the AI boom. February 2025.
# Flexibility over requirements to boost apprentice numbers (mention). February 2025.
# Chartered Institute of Architectural Technologists CIAT (repost 60 years). February 2025
# The story of Detail Library. February 2025
# Humidity resilience in home design. January 2025
# Reasons for using MVHR systems. January 2025
# Exploring lesser-known permitted development rights for change of use. January 2025
# A contractor discusses the Building Safety Act. January 2025
# Designing for neurodiversity: driving change for the better. January 2025
# Futurebuild 2025: a must-attend event for the architecture industry. January 2025
# Practice costs for architectural technologists. January 2025
# 20 years of the Chartered Environmentalist. December 2024
# School Specification 101: plumbing and heating systems in schools. December 2024
# CIAT responds to the updated National Planning Policy Framework. December 2024
# The CIAT Principal Designer register. December 2024
# Leveraging technology to enhance prospects for students. December 2024
# Picking up the hard hat on site or not... December 2024
# The ISO answer to what is a digital twin. December 2024
# Drone data at the edge: three steps to better AI insights‎. November 2024
# A retrospective look at the 2023 end of year Architectural Technology shows. November 2024
# Scottish government launch delivery plan for strengthening the planning system. November 2024
# The properties of conservation rooflights. November 2024
# Flat roof designs versus pitched roof designs. November 2024
# A briefing on fall protection systems for designers. November 2024
# Why the construction sector must embrace workplace mental health support. November 2024
# Rebuilding Britain: Does this first Labour budget deliver for the built environment? October 2024
# Reactions to the Autumn Budget announcement. October 2024
# Delivering gentle density and the current context of planning. October 2024
# Specification challenges of future proofing homes fit for purpose. October 2024
# AT Awards 2024 finalists (updated). October 2024
# CIAT briefing on the implications of the final Grenfell inquiry report. October 2024
# From blue to red and brown to green; a shift in development priorities? October 2024
# AI and the challenges to intellectual property. October 2024
# ISG administration, October support update. October 2024
# 2023 AT Awards evening (repost with 2024 link info added). October 2024
# Support for ISG contractors, companies and employees (mention). September 2024
# Digital sustainability through future AEC tools: bringing together industry and academia. September 2024
# Empowering construction with AI integration. September 2024
# AI in architecture: Combining human creativity and tech innovation now and in the future. September 2024
# From mud bricks to smart concrete: a brief history of building materials. September 2024
# AT Principal Designer exemplar for HRBs. September 2024
# Specifying extruded polystyrene insulation in masonry cavity walls below DPC level. September 2024
# Industry responds to the final Grenfell inquiry report. September 2024
# CIAT collaborates with CIOB, CIfA, Icon to launch The Arc. August 2024
# Ground floors and ground floor insulation – what are the fire performance requirements? August 2024
# The Architectural Technology podcast: Where it's AT. August 2024
# Building Safety podcasts from the CIAT Where it's AT series. August 2024
# Strategic ventilation in modern building design. August 2024
# The UK's first passivhaus leisure centre (republished). August 2024
# CIAT and BDAA sign Memorandum of Understanding. July 2024
# Construction Skills Certification Scheme cards (mention). July 2024
# Industry reacts to first labour government King's speech in fifteen years. July 2024
# CSCS update on Professionally Qualified and Academically Qualified Person Cards. July 2024
# 56 recommendations for a better built environment. July 2024
# The Spine, Liverpool‎. July 2024
# Where It's AT Podcast launched!. July 2024
# First masonry support manufacturer to receive Passive House certification. July 2024
# The accelerated Northern Ireland Defective Premises Bill expected in weeks despite opposition. July 2024
# Construction industry reactions to the election result. July 2024
# Designing sustainability and performance into buildings. July 2024
# CIAT opposes accelerated passage of Defective Premises Bill in Northern Ireland. June 2024
# Benefits of breathable external wall insulation. June 2024
# Hybrid flat roofs. June 2024
# Collaboration benefits of real-time file synchronisation. June 2024
# Getting cyber-physical. May 2024
# Cyber-physical infrastructure (CIAT mention). May 2024
# Homeowners lack knowledge or confidence in heat pumps. May 2024
# The CIAT principal designer register. May 2024
# AT Building Safety Hub. May 2024
# Mental Health Awareness Week with the Architects Benevolent Society. May 2024
# Where it's AT: Aspiration film. May 2024
# Open industry engagement survey. May 2024
# Enhancing construction site reporting efficiency through digitisation. May 2024
# Plumbing and heating for successful retrofit and renovation. May 2024
# CIAT publishes Principal Designer Competency Framework. April 2024
# Biophilic design and natural light. April 2024
# Engineered surfaces. April 2024
# Why EPCs should be redesigned. April 2024
# Industry leaders respond to Future Homes and Buildings Standards (mention). April 2024
# Planning Portal to launch Building Control Portal. April 2024
# The hidden subtleties of U-Value calculations. March 2024
# Why quality counts in domestic ventilation systems. March 2024
# Inspiring inclusion on International Women's day and for the month of March. March 2024.
# CLC Material Supply Chain Group statement. March 2024.
# Trends and predictions on the future of carbon-neutral buildings. March 2024.
# Golden thread guidance to be published by BSA. February 2024.
# Debunking myths around Passivhaus design. February 2024.
# The story behind The Guide to Building Materials and the Environment. February 2024.
# Designers and the challenge of selecting fall protection systems. January 2024.
# Rosie Thirlwell AT emerging talent award winner and senior architectural technologist. January 2024.
# AT Building Safety Hub (update reposted). January 2024.
# Architects Benevolent Society (update reposted). January 2024.
# Paving the way to net zero for designers. January 2024.
# Architectural Technology and AI. January 2024.
# Guidance on working with New Engineering Contracts. January 2024.
# UK towns receive £5m for historic building restoration. December 2023
# CIC Risk Management Briefings. December 2023
# Building Safety Regulator publishes Enforcement Policy Statement. December 2023
# AT Building Safety Hub. December 2023
# Building Safety Regulator appoints permanent director and publishes three-year strategic plan. December 2023
# CIAT Presidential update on Building Safety Act and Secondary Legislation. November 2023
# Irish Life Sciences Global HQ, an exemplar of adaptive reuse. November 2023
# Jon Clayton MCIAT, Chartered Architectural Technologist and founder of Architecture Business Club (mention). November 2023
# New Regulations published under Building Safety Act. November 2023
# Podcast launched by Chartered Architectural Technologist. November 2023
# 2023 AT Awards evening (article by editor CIAT focussed). November 2023
# Solutions to make water systems more efficient. October 2023
# Specifying valves, top 3 things to think about. October 2023
# Specifying valves for large commercial buildings. October 2023
# The Old War Office: Modern piping solutions to old problems. October 2023
# Planning portal location plan feature update 2023. October 2023
# Making the most the net zero architectural transformation in the construction industry. October 2023
# Book review: Land of Stone. October 2023
# AT Awards 2023 finalists announced (updated). October 2023
# Built environment carbon database (BECD) launch (article updated). October 2023
# Third-party certification, what it means when you specify it. September 2023
# The Passivhaus influence, too ambitious or now the norm? September 2023
# Mandatory 15 year warranties on new homes supported with caution. September 2023
# AT Awards 2023 (updated with finalists list). September 2023
# Construction industry statements and responses to RAAC crisis (CIAT mention). September 2023
# The Building Safety Alliance (BSRIA article with CIAT update). September 2023
# LPCB certification and Kingspan. September 2023
# CIAT statement on Reinforced Autoclaved Aerated Concrete. September 2023
# Could lack of sustainable IT investment lead to tender exclusion? September 2023
# New Regulations published under Building Safety Act. September 2023
# CIAT statement on Reinforced Autoclaved Aerated Concrete. September 2023
# Building sustainability in stainless steel. August 2023
# New Regulations published under Building Safety Act. August 2023
# New Chair for CIC Liability Panel. August 2023
# Specifying efficient water systems for residential new build developments. August 2023
# We Build The Future launch sun-safe and skin cancer prevention campaign. August 2023
# Building product information: improving carbon awareness. August 2023
# Asbestos and You with CIAT. August 2023
# Time to retrofit to secure a net zero future. July 2023
# CIAT partners with Building People. July 2023
# Diversitas. July 2023
# Dr Wei Yang appointed as first female CIC chair. July 2023
# Environmental Impact Assessments and why every project needs one. June 2023
# Rethinking the design and specification of ground floors. June 2023
# The Tower of London preserved with lime mortar. June 2023
# Guide to Building Materials and the Environment. June 2023
# Time for designers to think again about going cement free. June 2023
# Architectural film materials. June 2023
# The new digital and virtual age for construction. June 2023
# Publication of the 2023/24 Natural Stone Source Book. June 2023
# AT Awards 2023 (updated according to media pack). May 2023
# The design of swimming pools.May 2023
# How social media engagement can drive website traffic and lead generation in the construction sector. May 2023
# Tenant Valve. May 2023
# Pressure Reducing Valve. May 2023
# All you need to know about TMVs, PRVs and the Tenant Valve. May 2023
# Thermostatic mixing valves and water safety. May 2023
# Creating a new chapter for World Heritage Site, Caernarfon Castle. April 2023
# Why transparency through digitisation is the solution for construction. April 2023
# When does cost outweigh conservation? April 2023
# Designing for accessibility. April 2023
# MInd the AI gap. April 2023
# Construction Leadership Council appoints new leadership team as part of governance restructure. March 2023
# Building resilience to climate change. March 2023
# Warning over non-compliant heating pumps. March 2023
# In light of parts F and O, supplier perspectives. March 2023.
# Launch of Green Alliance construction and efficiency report. March 2023
# Revised Building Regulations Part F, a reminder of what and why. February 2023
# Scotland mandates Passivhaus equivalent legislation. January 2023
# Kenya recycles plastic bottles into bricks stronger than concrete. January 2023
# CLC seeks new industry professionals as sector ambassadors in 2023. January 2023
# Living Walls and Fire Safety. Best Practice Guide Dec 2022. January 2023
# Circadian rhythms (repost). January 2023
# Emotional architecture. December 2022
# Tara Page announced as new Chief Executive of CIAT. December 2022
# Spotting the next tech upgrade in construction businesses. December 2022
# Construction Product Availability statement from CLC Nov 2022. November 2022
# The UK's first Passivhaus leisure centre. November 2022
# Why don't more building projects achieve sustainability goals? November 2022
# Diversity in the Built Environment Working Group CIC. November 2022
# Active house UK. November 2022
# BSRIA publish net zero guide. October 2022
# Where its AT campaign‎. Film 8 update. October 2022
# Building for neurodiversity: guidelines address final frontier of inclusive design. October 2022
# Fabric first paves the way to net zero. October 2022
# Where its AT campaign‎. Film 7 update. October 2022
# Where its AT campaign‎. Film 6 update. October 2022
# T Levels week. October 2022
# Where its AT campaign‎. Film 5 update. October 2022
# Where its AT campaign‎. Film 4 update. September 2022
# Where its AT campaign‎. Film 3 update. September 2022
# The K-briq a circular product‎. September 2022
# Flat roof design in the net zero future‎. September 2022
# Project 80: Homes for the Future. September 2022
# Research responses sought – Business impacts in the UK. September 2022
# Where it’s AT campaign‎. Film 2 update. September 2022
# An in depth look at EPD's. September 2022
# Where it’s AT campaign‎. August 2022
# What does a netzero roadmap for a leading cement and building materials producer look like ? August 2022
# Rooflights, skylights, roof windows and Part L. August 2022
# Understanding the changing nature of insulation. August 2022
# BSI competence requirements for principal contractors and designers. July 2022
# Approved Documents compliance process digitalised. July 2022
# Curved intersections and accentuated water ingress. July 2022
# Architectural Technology research at Edinburgh Napier University. July 2022
# Architectural Technology research at University of Derby. July 2022
# Centres of excellence for architectural technology research and education. July 2022
# A change to adoptive architecture. July 2022
# Building safety, a shifting landscape for professionals. July 2022
# CIAT Chief Executive steps down. July 2022
# Illegal cartels in construction industry. June 2022
# Building acoustic considerations‎. June 2022
# 2022 new CLC Co-Chair selected. June 2022
# Giving power to the consumer on the road to net-zero. June 2022
# New route to CSCS cards for built environment professionals. June 2022‎
# The CSCS Smart Check app. June 2022
# Mitchells construction series reprint. June 2022
# Built Environment Carbon Database Consultation (BECD). June 2022
# Delivering net zero and commercial retrofit UKGBC. June 2022
# CLC plans to ease impact of construction inflation. May 2022
# Extended reality (XR) in a post-pandemic world. May 2022
# Fire doors fail inspections. May 2022
# How to offer work to people from Ukraine. May 2022
# The green jobs delivery group. May 2022
# Heritage properties with contemporary edge. May 2022
# Construction products manufacturers report positive Q1 after state of trade survey. May 2022
# RIBA Contracts and Law Survey 2022. April 2022 ‎
# ‎UK BIM Alliance State of the Nation Survey. April 2022
# NBS sustainable futures report. April 2022 ‎
# Counting carbon to secure a more sustainable future. April 2022 ‎
# A brief commentary on the code for construction product information CCPI. April 2022 ‎
# Acoustic insulation offers non-intrusive barrier to noise disturbance in homes March 2022
# National Regulator for Construction Products Regulatory Announcement. March 2022 ‎
# A woman's job. March 2022 ‎
# Designing for dementia. March 2022.
# CSCS verification app. March 2022.
# Rooflights and zinc roofing. March 2022.
# Mentor Match Me. February 2022.
# Designing for sustainability: Tools to help you design greener. February 2022.
# Over-engineered buildings obstruct efficiency. February 2022.
# Retrofit eaves insulator. February 2022.
# The cavity wall real performance question. February 2022.
# UK organisations encouraged to review cyber security in response to situation in and around Ukraine. February 2022.
# PHribbon tool calculates embodied carbon of designs. January 2022.
# The Construction Industry Council summarises what to expect from the Construction Products Regulations. January 2022.
# Government offers support package to help autistic people into work. January 2022.
# Uniclass advisory board created. January 2022.
# Let us evolve our buildings from being passive structures to interactive and reactive systems. January 2022.
# STBA report to provide blueprint for post-COVID recovery. December 2021.
# Architectural Technology research at Robert Gordon University. December 2021.
# Twickenham Studio - London's world-renowned film studio transformed. December 2021.
# Permitted development: The end of the high street or a blessing in disguise? December 2021.
# A smart home can be a healthy home too. November 2021.
# BSI construction product identification system. November 2021.
# What do design professionals need to know about U-value calculation conventions? November 2021.
# CIAT responds to the architects' regulation review. November 2021.
# A guide to installing thermostatic mixing valves: what, why and how. November 2021.
# Mechanical ventilation's role in improving indoor air quality. November 2021.
# Passive fire protection is a vital tool in any fire strategy. November 2021.
# Architectural Technology Awards 2021. October 2021.
# LETI publishes Climate Emergency Retrofit Guide. October 2021.
# Fire safety exclusions - the insurance position. October 2021.
# Digital transformation - what does it mean? October 2021.
# Ensuring safety through sufficient fire specification. September 2021.
# The effects of subframe systems on the overall thermal performance of external rainscreen walls. September 2021.
# Sustainability in design: a corporate buzzword or the future of commercial property. September 2021.
# Archidict. September 2021.
# External Fire Review Form EWS1. September 2021.
# Construction Client Buddy Scheme. August 2021.
# Deadline for CE marked products extended to 1 January 2023. August 2021.
# Architectural technology research at Sheffield Hallam University. August 2021.
# Review of regulation of architects: call for evidence. August 2021.
# Taxes associated with selling a business. August 2021.
# How BIM can cause needless early stage MEP design concerns. August 2021.
# Flame retardant floormats. August 2021.
# Amber warnings raise building overheating concern. July 2021.
# CLC publishes guidance on COVID-19 impact for NEC4. July 2021.
# Flexbury Church. July 2021.
# Sonoblind. July 2021.
# CLC urges inclusion of fluctuations provisions in contracts. July 2021.
# Brewer Smith Brewer Group London Office. July 2021.
# National Retrofit Strategy v2 launches. June 2021.
# An algorithm in architecture. June 2021.
# Industry placement CSCS card to help learners into construction. June 2021.
# June 2021 construction product availability statement. June 2021.
# UKGBC launches new Solutions Library to enable sustainable buildings. June 2021.
# All eyes up to plastic rainwater systems. June 2021.
# RICS publishes Land Measurement for Planning and Development Purposes. May 2021.
# Standardising structural elements: A platform for construction innovation. May 2021.
# CIAT agrees to collaboration arrangement with CIB. May 2021.
# Reaching new heights in the design of fire-safe tall buildings. May 2021.
# Thermal bridging and the Future Homes Standard. May 2021.
# CDM 20-20 vision - changing the culture. May 2021.
# Converting office and retail to residential housing on the high street. April 2021.
# Brexit standards, products and regulatory updates. April 2021.
# UN approves International Fire Safety Standards common principles. April 2021.
# Building ventilation and COVID-19 transmission risk. April 2021.
# Village homes in Western Uganda. April 2021.
# Houzz Pro business software. March 2021.
# Clear contracts during uncertain times. March 2021.
# Suitable insulation can help preserve the golden sound of silence. March 2021.
# C02nstruct Zero programme. March 2021.
# The Courtyard retirement community in Cornwall. March 2021.
# The Building Safety Bill and product testing. March 2021.
# How technology can support social distancing. February 2021.
# Passivhaus vs SAP. February 2021.
# Changes to Building Regulations Part F. February 2021.
# Online mentoring can help professionals succeed. February 2021.
# CLC calls for rethink of permitted development rights. February 2021.
# BBA becomes an Approved Body for UKCA Marking. January 2021.
# Steel framed rooflights. January 2021.
# Underfloor air conditioning at London Grade II listed landmark. January 2021.
# Louvre specifications. January 2021.
# Changing attitudes towards the mental wellbeing of early career Architectural Technology professionals. December 2020.
# When hospital buildings aren’t healthy. December 2020.
# Architectural Technology Awards 2020. December 2020.
# CIAT shares IHBC research into LA conservation service capacity. November 2020.
# Joined-up thinking is key to building safely. November 2020.
# Common principles of International Fire Safety Standard introduced. November 2020.
# NBS National BIM Report 2020. November 2020.
# CLC publishes Conformity Marking of Construction Guide. October 2020.
# Mental health and wellbeing. October 2020.
# Home design prospects under the Future Homes Standard. October 2020.
# Construction industry outlook on the upswing. October 2020.
# Business interruption cover under COVID-19. October 2020.
# Ashby company breathes new life into 19th century hospital site. September 2020.
# CMA and IRM publish 2020 competition law risk guide. September 2020.
# Adapting your technology to the new working normal. September 2020.
# Specify with caution to new BS 8579:2020. September 2020.
# Why creating new ponds helps to protect the ecosystem. September 2020.
# U-What? September 2020.
# Carbon monoxide Requirement J3. August 2020.
# ALT. MCR Pride. August 2020.
# Habitation: Reinventing housing for the urban age. August 2020.
# Upcycling buildings. August 2020.
# Manual to the Building Regulations. August 2020.
# Identifying COVID-19 scams. July 2020.
# How much carbon are your buildings responsible for? July 2020.
# Professional indemnity insurance in Scotland. July 2020
# Professional indemnity insurance in Northern Ireland. July 2020
# Professional indemnity insurance in the Republic of Ireland. July 2020
# Professional Indemnity Insurance in England and Wales. July 2020
# Seeley Library. July 2020.
# Business advisers to offer free services to small firms. July 2020.
# Campaigning for biodiversity. July 2020.
# CIAT celebrates Pride 2020. June 2020.
# BS 7883 guide released. June 2020.
# Making the case for sprinklers and dispelling myths. June 2020.
# UK Safe Working Guidelines. June 2020.
# Karyn Williams Woman Architectural Technologist of the Year 2019. May 2020.
# Government to support businesses through Trade Credit Insurance guarantee. May 2020
# Safety in high places. Apr 2020
# Coal Drops Yard. Apr 2020
# Housing Forum seeks unity over suspension of works. Apr 2020
# Five signs you are at risk of asbestos poisoning at work. Apr 2020
# Housing Secretary plans to get Britain building. Mar 2020
# Using CO2 to make construction products and materials. Mar 2020
# Compressive strength of timber lattice columns for low-rise construction. Feb 2020
# How the built environment sector tackles its waste. Feb 2020
# Architectural Technology Studio 3. Jan 2020
# Hawley Mews. Jan 2020
# New Dwelling House at Grange View. Jan 2020
# AT Academy. Dec 2019
# Beacon of Light. Dec 2019
# Circadian rhythms. Nov 2019
# Redesigning parliament to help end the Brexit deadlock. Nov 2019
# Willowbrook Care Home. Nov 2019
# Introducing architectural technology to India. Oct 2019
# Tensegrity bamboo pavilion. Oct 2019
# The Black House. Oct 2019
# The growth in heritage tourism. Oct 2019
# Waterside barns: a radical design approach. Oct 2019
# A guide to the updated National Planning Policy Framework. Sep 2019
# Architectural Technology Awards 2019. Sep 2019
# Conversion of Blairtum House, Scotland. Sep 2019
# A guide to the updated National Planning Policy Framework. Sep 2019
# Construction Products Regulation if there is no Brexit deal. Aug 2019
# Waste heat from the Underground to warm offices and homes. Aug 2019
# Eight top tips for working at height. Jul 2019
# CIBSE updates Fire Safety Engineering guidance. Jul 2019
# Architectural technology in Germany. Jun 2019
# Republic of Ireland updates to planning and development. Jun 2019
# Delivering a modern solution for a historic building. May 2019
# Dynamo visual programming interface. May 2019
# Sourcing indigenous stone. May 2019
# There's no BIM like home. May 2019
# Addressing building failures: Grenfell Tower and Edinburgh schools. Apr 2019
# Keeping your mind on the job. Apr 2019
# Qualitative design review. Apr 2019
# Setting the standard. Apr 2019
# The Bourne Estate. Apr 2019
# What are the benefits of smart homes for Millennial end-users?. Apr 2019
# A Guide for Selecting Flat Entrance Doorsets. Mar 2019
# Aurora Log Homes. Mar 2019
# Flame technology. Mar 2019
# Mind the (performance) gap. Mar 2019
# Stead Street, Eckington. Mar 2019
# Alterations and extension to The Grange. Feb 2019
# School of Architectural Technology. Feb 2019
# The David Lloyd Lymington Sports Village. Feb 2019
# AgriSTEM. Jan 2019
# In-situ reinforcement of timber beams. Jan 2019
# Old Gale Farm, Ambleside. Jan 2019
# Late payments to small businesses. Oct 2018
# UK Construction Week report on fire safety. Oct 2018
# The world needs to build more than two billion new homes over the next 80 years. Sep 2018
# Architectural Technology Awards 2018. Aug 2018
# Changes in SAP 10. Aug 2018
# Grenfell and professional indemnity insurance. Aug 2018
# Architectural technology in the Middle East. Jul 2018
# Architectural technologist - delineation of roles. Jul 2018
# BIM Trade Mission 2017. Jul 2018
# Advice from CIAT about the cancellation of consumer contracts. Jun 2018
# Saffron Acres, Leicester, the UK’S largest Passivhaus residential development. Jun 2018
# The changing identity of London communities in the face of rapid urbanisation. Jun 2018
# Thinking inside the box - housing crisis. Jun 2018
# BIM and the historic environment. May 2018
# Cyber-security and phishing. May 2018
# Flammable building materials. May 2018
# Plan of action to achieve GDPR compliance. May 2018
# Building a safe and therapeutic hospice. Apr 2018
# The Family Stand, Dover Athletic Football Club. Apr 2018
# Fighting flooding in the 21st century. Mar 2018
# Noise - doors and windows. Mar 2018
# Early day motion on public sector payment. Feb 2018
# Harefield House. Feb 2018
# Imagination Works. Feb 2018
# The importance of soil analysis. Feb 2018
# Architects Benevolent Society (ABS). Jan 2018
# Becoming a Chartered Member of CIAT. Jan 2018
# Fieldsend. Jan 2018
# The Europe Centre. Jan 2018
# Dementia and the built environment. Dec 2017
# Development of sustainable rural housing in the Scottish Highlands and Islands. Dec 2017
# Mashrabiya. Dec 2017
# Streamline House. Dec 2017
# Tallest timber building in the world. Dec 2017
# CIAT inaugurate Alex Naraian as new President. Nov 2017
# Interview with Gary Mees, CIAT. Nov 2017
# CIAT response to Grenfell inquiry. Oct 2017
# Leeds flood defences. Oct 2017
# Sacrificial device for buildings. Oct 2017
# Choosing the correct glazed facade heating system. Aug 2017
# Giving professional advice to friends - a case study. Aug 2017
# How to give professional advice to friends. Aug 2017
# London car charging infrastructure. Aug 2017
# Castle Hill Event Space. Jul 2017
# Grenfell Tower working group. Jul 2017
# Warming houses using free CO2. Jul 2017
# Architectural Technology Awards 2017. Jun 2017
# CIAT announce support for Designing Buildings Wiki. Jun 2017
# The design of temporary structures and wind adjacent to tall buildings. Jun 2016
# Bin blight. Apr 2016
# Designing out fire risk in roof voids. Apr 2016
# Existing guidance on fire compartmentation in roof voids. Apr 2016

--[[User:CIAT|CIAT]]

[[Category:DCN_Organisation]] [[Category:Site_Information]]

News from the web

2026-10-16T08:41:50Z

Designing Buildings:

Check out some of the best features and news from Designing Buildings as well as key stories from around the web.

-----
[[The_world's_first_mass_timber_data_centre|World's first mass timber data centre]].

[[File:Mass timber data centre 350.jpg|link=The_world's_first_mass_timber_data_centre]]

The overlooked environmental aspect of data centre development.

-----
[[Introduction_to_Radon_Awareness_in_the_Built_Environment|Introduction to radon awareness]]

[[File:Introduction_to_Radon_Awareness_in_the_Built_Environment_350.jpg|link=Introduction_to_Radon_Awareness_in_the_Built_Environment]]

New technical information sheet published by CIOB.

-----
[[Updated_supplier_guide_to_help_electrical_contractors_engage_with_New_Hospital_Programme|New Hospital Programme]]

[[File:New_Hospital_Programme_suppliers_guide_350.jpg|link=Updated_supplier_guide_to_help_electrical_contractors_engage_with_New_Hospital_Programme]]

Updated supplier guide can help electrical contractors engage with NHP.

-----
[[AT_Award_Winners_2026|AT Awards]]

[[File:AT_awards_2026_350.jpg|link=AT_Award_Winners_2026]]

CIAT confirm the winners of the 2026 architectural technology awards.

-----
[[Flood_Action_Online|Flood Action Online]]

[[File:Flood_action_online_350.jpg|link=Flood_Action_Online]]

Government launches a one stop shop for flood preparedness.

-----
[[Sir_Edwin_Lutyens:_Britain's_greatest_architect?|The best of the best?]]

[[File:Lutyens_book_350.jpg|link=Sir_Edwin_Lutyens:_Britain's_greatest_architect?]]

Sir Edwin Lutyens: Britain's greatest architect? Book review.

-----
[[CIOB_publishes_free_drugs_and_alcohol_policy_template|Drugs and alcohol policy]]

[[File:CIOB_drug_policy_template_350.jpg|link=CIOB_publishes_free_drugs_and_alcohol_policy_template]]

CIOB publishes free template to help assess and manage risks.

-----
[[Reflections_on_Party_Conference_season|ECA's reflections on Party Conference season]]

[[File:Andy_burnham_350.jpg|link=Reflections_on_Party_Conference_season]]

Burnham wants to be confident of winning before asking for a fresh mandate.

-----
[[Chief_Construction_and_Scientific_Adviser|New Chief Construction and Scientific Adviser]]

[[File:Sergio_Cavalaro_350.jpg|link=Chief_Construction_and_Scientific_Adviser]]

Sergio Cavalaro, Professor of Infrastructure Systems at Loughborough University.

-----
[[Building_safety_levy_for_England:_Estimator_tool_for_CIAT_members|Building safety levy for England]]

[[File:CIAT_logo_350.jpg|link=Building_safety_levy_for_England:_Estimator_tool_for_CIAT_members]]

CIAT publish estimator tool for members.

-----
[[Water_sector_electrical_skills_crisis_threatens_critical_infrastructure_delivery|Electrical skills]]

[[File:Water_infrastructure_350.jpg|link=Water_sector_electrical_skills_crisis_threatens_critical_infrastructure_delivery]]

Water sector faces a growing crisis that could slow the delivery of vital infrastructure.

-----
[[The_fate_of_industrial_conservation_areas|Undervaluing our industrial past]]

[[File:Sands_end_conservation_area_350.jpg|link=The_fate_of_industrial_conservation_areas]]

Heritage value changes as taste for building styles changes.

-----
[[Category:DCN_News]] [[Category:News]]

The world's first mass timber data centre

2026-10-16T08:39:48Z

Designing Buildings:

[[File:Mass_timber_data_centre.jpg|link=File:Mass_timber_data_centre.jpg]]

We have been accustomed to hearing about the atmospheric growth of AI, but it is still difficult to comprehend that the market is expected to increase 25-fold in just ten years – projected to reach a value of $4.8 trillion by 2033.

For many, that computing power might appear abstract, but to account for this growth in demand we need real physical infrastructure in the form of data centres. These structures have an impact on the environment through carbon emissions generated by the power supplies they rely on, through to the large quantities of water they need for cooling.

One often overlooked environmental aspect of data centre development is the choice of construction materials, something that becomes immediately apparent when visiting a facility. Traditionally, steel and concrete dominate and therefore is an intuitive choice. However, these materials also come with a significant carbon footprint.

An alternative approach is emerging that improves sustainability while also supporting faster construction and greater design flexibility. EcoDataCenter has taken a leading role in this shift. At its facility in Falun, Sweden, the structural frame is largely built from cross-laminated timber (CLT). This engineered wood solution not only reduces embodied carbon, by storing carbon rather than emitting it, but also enables efficient prefabrication, lighter structures, and adaptable design solutions. These characteristics present clear advantages that desginers and developers can apply to future data centre projects.

The driving force behind EcoDataCenter is sustainability, which meant that steel and concrete created challenges. The production of cement – the key ingredient in concrete – accounts for around 8% of global CO emissions, while steel production is around 7%. Therefore, replacing the conventional options with mass timber in this development drastically reduced CO emissions to the tune of more than 11,000 tonnes. Wood is also unique in its ability to sequester carbon during its growth, which means EcoDataCenter is making an additional positive impact by storing over 17,000 tonnes of CO for the duration of its lifecycle.

I spoke to John Wernvik, Chief External Relations & Sustainability Officer of EcoDataCenter about the project, who emphasises these sustainability advantages by saying: "We’re now beginning to see data centres being built with mass timber globally, and hyperscalers are starting to look at the material as well, although adoption is still at an early stage. EcoDataCenter shows that it’s possible to deliver this approach at a meaningful scale today, ahead of broader uptake. The shift is clearly underway, driven by the need to build data centres with far greater consideration for sustainability and long-term impact."

Once the material selection is finalised, logistics become a key consideration, both in terms of cost and environmental impact. When transporting mass timber, a single truck can typically carry around 16 elements. But in large-scale or “mega” projects, this still results in a significant number of truck movements, which can create delivery uncertainties, increase the risk of delays, and contribute to higher carbon emissions as well as local disruption.

At EcoDataCenter’s site in Falun, the transport strategy was reconfigured to be more efficient. Firstly, the delivery route was optimised not only to accelerate the installation process but also to reduce CO emissions. For the mass timber elements of the project specifically, Stora Enso, utilised rail transport instead of road, which significantly lowered the project’s carbon footprint while maintaining a steady and reliable supply chain. To top it off, the mass timber elements were prefabricated, so they arrived ready for installation, further supporting a faster and more streamlined construction process.

One of the advantages of the mass timber products CLT and LVL (laminated veneer lumber) are their strength-to-weight ratio. The lightweight of the structural frame meant less concrete was needed for the foundations, making the construction process more straightforward and bringing a further reduction in carbon emissions.

That combined advantage puts developers in a favourable position if they needed to increase the square meterage without the site’s footprint, no stretch of the imagination given the anticipated growth in demand for computing power in coming years. It also opens up the possibility of a timber-based vertical extension, allowing additional floor area to be created through a lightweight structural build-up. This makes it feasible to add a second storey while still coping with the high load demands of the equipment. That is potentially a lucrative advantage when the alternative is acquiring another piece of land equivalent in size to the existing ground level of the data centre.

Once a data centre is up and running, it generates a great deal of heat. Material choice can bring about an advantage here as well because the thermal properties of wood help to regulate temperature and support cooling, thereby reducing power consumption through lower HVAC costs. Wood even reduces condensation, making it easier to protect the sensitive equipment contained in data centres.

When it comes to sensitivity, it is not just the valuable hardware that needs protection. Data centres are a depository of sensitive details, so security is paramount and it was an important consideration for the developers. As a result, the materials used had to meet strict requirements for burglary resistance, fire safety and other safety standards.

Mass timber has long been a feature of the designer's toolbox, contributing sustainability benefits to projects ranging from schools to hospitals. However, data centres bring their own set of unique material requirements, including the need for the highest levels of security, immense load-bearing strength and flexibility to support rapid scaling.

As the world’s first mass timber data centre, EcoDataCenter has demonstrated that the answer to meeting our hi-tech needs while delivering on net zero can be supported by one of our most traditional materials.

-----
This article first appeared in [https://architecturaltechnology.com/more/at-journal.html AT Journal issue 158] in July 2026 and was featured on the [https://architecturaltechnology.com/resource/enter-the-world-s-first-mass-timber-data-centre.html CIAT website] on 15 Oct 2026. It was written by Jessika Szyber, Business Development Manager, Stora Enso.

--[[User:CIAT|CIAT]]

= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

* CIAT articles.
* Cross laminated timber.
* Glulam.
* Laminated Veneer Lumber.
* New guidance launched to facilitate insurance of mass timber buildings.
* Mass timber insurance guidance playbook proposed.
* Mass timber.
* Timber.

[[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:DCN_Project_Knowledge]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

The world's first mass timber data centre

2026-10-16T08:39:30Z

Designing Buildings:

[[File:Mass_timber_data_centre.jpg|link=File:Mass_timber_data_centre.jpg]]

We have been accustomed to hearing about the atmospheric growth of AI, but it is still difficult to comprehend that the market is expected to increase 25-fold in just ten years – projected to reach a value of $4.8 trillion by 2033.

For many, that computing power might appear abstract, but to account for this growth in demand we need real physical infrastructure in the form of data centres. These structures have an impact on the environment through carbon emissions generated by the power supplies they rely on, through to the large quantities of water they need for cooling.

One often overlooked environmental aspect of data centre development is the choice of construction materials, something that becomes immediately apparent when visiting a facility. Traditionally, steel and concrete dominate and therefore is an intuitive choice. However, these materials also come with a significant carbon footprint.

An alternative approach is emerging that improves sustainability while also supporting faster construction and greater design flexibility. EcoDataCenter has taken a leading role in this shift. At its facility in Falun, Sweden, the structural frame is largely built from cross-laminated timber (CLT). This engineered wood solution not only reduces embodied carbon, by storing carbon rather than emitting it, but also enables efficient prefabrication, lighter structures, and adaptable design solutions. These characteristics present clear advantages that desginers and developers can apply to future data centre projects.

The driving force behind EcoDataCenter is sustainability, which meant that steel and concrete created challenges. The production of cement – the key ingredient in concrete – accounts for around 8% of global CO emissions, while steel production is around 7%. Therefore, replacing the conventional options with mass timber in this development drastically reduced CO emissions to the tune of more than 11,000 tonnes. Wood is also unique in its ability to sequester carbon during its growth, which means EcoDataCenter is making an additional positive impact by storing over 17,000 tonnes of CO for the duration of its lifecycle.

I spoke to John Wernvik, Chief External Relations & Sustainability Officer of EcoDataCenter about the project, who emphasises these sustainability advantages by saying: "We’re now beginning to see data centres being built with mass timber globally, and hyperscalers are starting to look at the material as well, although adoption is still at an early stage. EcoDataCenter shows that it’s possible to deliver this approach at a meaningful scale today, ahead of broader uptake. The shift is clearly underway, driven by the need to build data centres with far greater consideration for sustainability and long-term impact."

Once the material selection is finalised, logistics become a key consideration, both in terms of cost and environmental impact. When transporting mass timber, a single truck can typically carry around 16 elements. But in large-scale or “mega” projects, this still results in a significant number of truck movements, which can create delivery uncertainties, increase the risk of delays, and contribute to higher carbon emissions as well as local disruption.

At EcoDataCenter’s site in Falun, the transport strategy was reconfigured to be more efficient. Firstly, the delivery route was optimised not only to accelerate the installation process but also to reduce CO emissions. For the mass timber elements of the project specifically, Stora Enso, utilised rail transport instead of road, which significantly lowered the project’s carbon footprint while maintaining a steady and reliable supply chain. To top it off, the mass timber elements were prefabricated, so they arrived ready for installation, further supporting a faster and more streamlined construction process.

One of the advantages of the mass timber products CLT and LVL (laminated veneer lumber) are their strength-to-weight ratio. The lightweight of the structural frame meant less concrete was needed for the foundations, making the construction process more straightforward and bringing a further reduction in carbon emissions.

That combined advantage puts developers in a favourable position if they needed to increase the square meterage without the site’s footprint, no stretch of the imagination given the anticipated growth in demand for computing power in coming years. It also opens up the possibility of a timber-based vertical extension, allowing additional floor area to be created through a lightweight structural build-up. This makes it feasible to add a second storey while still coping with the high load demands of the equipment. That is potentially a lucrative advantage when the alternative is acquiring another piece of land equivalent in size to the existing ground level of the data centre.

Once a data centre is up and running, it generates a great deal of heat. Material choice can bring about an advantage here as well because the thermal properties of wood help to regulate temperature and support cooling, thereby reducing power consumption through lower HVAC costs. Wood even reduces condensation, making it easier to protect the sensitive equipment contained in data centres.

When it comes to sensitivity, it is not just the valuable hardware that needs protection. Data centres are a depository of sensitive details, so security is paramount and it was an important consideration for the developers. As a result, the materials used had to meet strict requirements for burglary resistance, fire safety and other safety standards.

Mass timber has long been a feature of the designer's toolbox, contributing sustainability benefits to projects ranging from schools to hospitals. However, data centres bring their own set of unique material requirements, including the need for the highest levels of security, immense load-bearing strength and flexibility to support rapid scaling.

As the world’s first mass timber data centre, EcoDataCenter has demonstrated that the answer to meeting our hi-tech needs while delivering on net zero can be supported by one of our most traditional materials.

-----
This article first appeared in [https://architecturaltechnology.com/more/at-journal.html AT Journal issue 158] in July 2026 and was featured on the [https://architecturaltechnology.com/resource/enter-the-world-s-first-mass-timber-data-centre.html CIAT website] on 15 Oct 2026. It was written by Jessika Szyber, Business Development Manager, Stora Enso.

--[[User:CIAT|CIAT]]

= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

* CIAT articles.
* Cross laminated timber.
* Glulam.
* Laminated Veneer Lumber.
* New guidance launched to facilitate insurance of mass timber buildings.
* Mass timber insurance guidance playbook proposed.
* Mass timber.
* Timber.

[[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

The world's first mass timber data centre

2026-10-16T08:39:13Z

Designing Buildings:

[[File:Mass timber data centre.jpg]]

We have been accustomed to hearing about the atmospheric growth of AI, but it is still difficult to comprehend that the market is expected to increase 25-fold in just ten years – projected to reach a value of $4.8 trillion by 2033.

For many, that computing power might appear abstract, but to account for this growth in demand we need real physical infrastructure in the form of data centres. These structures have an impact on the environment through carbon emissions generated by the power supplies they rely on, through to the large quantities of water they need for cooling.

One often overlooked environmental aspect of data centre development is the choice of construction materials, something that becomes immediately apparent when visiting a facility. Traditionally, steel and concrete dominate and therefore is an intuitive choice. However, these materials also come with a significant carbon footprint.

An alternative approach is emerging that improves sustainability while also supporting faster construction and greater design flexibility. EcoDataCenter has taken a leading role in this shift. At its facility in Falun, Sweden, the structural frame is largely built from cross-laminated timber (CLT). This engineered wood solution not only reduces embodied carbon, by storing carbon rather than emitting it, but also enables efficient prefabrication, lighter structures, and adaptable design solutions. These characteristics present clear advantages that desginers and developers can apply to future data centre projects.

The driving force behind EcoDataCenter is sustainability, which meant that steel and concrete created challenges. The production of cement – the key ingredient in concrete – accounts for around 8% of global CO emissions, while steel production is around 7%. Therefore, replacing the conventional options with mass timber in this development drastically reduced CO emissions to the tune of more than 11,000 tonnes. Wood is also unique in its ability to sequester carbon during its growth, which means EcoDataCenter is making an additional positive impact by storing over 17,000 tonnes of CO for the duration of its lifecycle.

I spoke to John Wernvik, Chief External Relations & Sustainability Officer of EcoDataCenter about the project, who emphasises these sustainability advantages by saying: "We’re now beginning to see data centres being built with mass timber globally, and hyperscalers are starting to look at the material as well, although adoption is still at an early stage. EcoDataCenter shows that it’s possible to deliver this approach at a meaningful scale today, ahead of broader uptake. The shift is clearly underway, driven by the need to build data centres with far greater consideration for sustainability and long-term impact."

Once the material selection is finalised, logistics become a key consideration, both in terms of cost and environmental impact. When transporting mass timber, a single truck can typically carry around 16 elements. But in large-scale or “mega” projects, this still results in a significant number of truck movements, which can create delivery uncertainties, increase the risk of delays, and contribute to higher carbon emissions as well as local disruption.

At EcoDataCenter’s site in Falun, the transport strategy was reconfigured to be more efficient. Firstly, the delivery route was optimised not only to accelerate the installation process but also to reduce CO emissions. For the mass timber elements of the project specifically, Stora Enso, utilised rail transport instead of road, which significantly lowered the project’s carbon footprint while maintaining a steady and reliable supply chain. To top it off, the mass timber elements were prefabricated, so they arrived ready for installation, further supporting a faster and more streamlined construction process.

One of the advantages of the mass timber products CLT and LVL (laminated veneer lumber) are their strength-to-weight ratio. The lightweight of the structural frame meant less concrete was needed for the foundations, making the construction process more straightforward and bringing a further reduction in carbon emissions.

That combined advantage puts developers in a favourable position if they needed to increase the square meterage without the site’s footprint, no stretch of the imagination given the anticipated growth in demand for computing power in coming years. It also opens up the possibility of a timber-based vertical extension, allowing additional floor area to be created through a lightweight structural build-up. This makes it feasible to add a second storey while still coping with the high load demands of the equipment. That is potentially a lucrative advantage when the alternative is acquiring another piece of land equivalent in size to the existing ground level of the data centre.

Once a data centre is up and running, it generates a great deal of heat. Material choice can bring about an advantage here as well because the thermal properties of wood help to regulate temperature and support cooling, thereby reducing power consumption through lower HVAC costs. Wood even reduces condensation, making it easier to protect the sensitive equipment contained in data centres.

When it comes to sensitivity, it is not just the valuable hardware that needs protection. Data centres are a depository of sensitive details, so security is paramount and it was an important consideration for the developers. As a result, the materials used had to meet strict requirements for burglary resistance, fire safety and other safety standards.

Mass timber has long been a feature of the designer's toolbox, contributing sustainability benefits to projects ranging from schools to hospitals. However, data centres bring their own set of unique material requirements, including the need for the highest levels of security, immense load-bearing strength and flexibility to support rapid scaling.

As the world’s first mass timber data centre, EcoDataCenter has demonstrated that the answer to meeting our hi-tech needs while delivering on net zero can be supported by one of our most traditional materials.

-----
This article first appeared in [https://architecturaltechnology.com/more/at-journal.html AT Journal issue 158] in July 2026 and was featured on the [https://architecturaltechnology.com/resource/enter-the-world-s-first-mass-timber-data-centre.html CIAT website] on 15 Oct 2026. It was written by Jessika Szyber, Business Development Manager, Stora Enso.

--[[User:CIAT|CIAT]]

= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

* CIAT articles.
* Cross laminated timber.
* Glulam.
* Laminated Veneer Lumber.
* New guidance launched to facilitate insurance of mass timber buildings.
* Mass timber insurance guidance playbook proposed.
* Mass timber.
* Timber.

[[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

File:Mass timber data centre.jpg

2026-10-16T08:38:13Z

Designing Buildings: source https://architecturaltechnology.com/resource/enter-the-world-s-first-mass-timber-data-centre.html

source [https://architecturaltechnology.com/resource/enter-the-world-s-first-mass-timber-data-centre.html https://architecturaltechnology.com/resource/enter-the-world-s-first-mass-timber-data-centre.html]

File:Mass timber data centre 350.jpg

2026-10-16T08:37:49Z

Designing Buildings: source: https://architecturaltechnology.com/resource/enter-the-world-s-first-mass-timber-data-centre.html

source: [https://architecturaltechnology.com/resource/enter-the-world-s-first-mass-timber-data-centre.html https://architecturaltechnology.com/resource/enter-the-world-s-first-mass-timber-data-centre.html]

Brick

2026-10-16T08:33:31Z

Designing Buildings:

[[File:Brick_wall.jpg|link=File:Brick_wall.jpg]]

= Introduction =

Bricks are small rectangular blocks that can be used to form parts of buildings, typically walls. The use of bricks dates back to before 7,000 BC, when the earliest bricks were formed from hand-moulded mud and dried in the sun. During the Industrial Revolution, mass-produced bricks became a common alternative to stone, which could be more expensive, less predictable and more difficult to handle.

Bricks are still in common use today for the construction of walls and paving and for more complex features such as columns, arches, fireplaces and chimneys. They remain popular because they are relatively small and easy to handle, can be extremely strong in compression, are durable and low maintenance, they can be built up into complex shapes and can be visually attractive.

However, more recently, other materials have been developed that can be used as alternatives for building walls or for cladding facades and for some building types, particularly larger buildings, bricks can be seen as time consuming, expensive (although this is disputed by the [http://www.brick.org.uk/about-the-brick-development-association/why-brick/ Brick Development Association]), structurally limiting, and requiring too much on-site labour. Some of these difficulties have been overcome by the introduction of reinforcement systems and by the development of pre-fabricated brick panels.

For information on bricklaying, see How to lay bricks.

= What size are bricks? =

In the UK, standard bricks are 215 mm long × 102.5 mm wide × 65 mm high.

This gives a ratio of 3:2:1:

* With a standard mortar joint of 10 mm, a repeating unit of bricks laid in a stretcher bond will be 225 mm lengthwise and 75 mm in height.
* If bricks are laid cross-wise, two 102.5 mm widths plus two mortar joints gives the same repeating unit as the length of one brick, ie 225 mm.
* If they are laid height wise, three 65 mm heights plus three mortar joints gives the same repeating unit as the length of one brick, ie 225 mm.

= What are bricks made of? =

Bricks are most typically made from clay, although they are also commonly made from calcium-silicate and concrete. In the UK, clay bricks are specified to BS EN 771-1 and calcium silicate bricks to BS EN 771-2.

Soft mud or dry-press bricks are formed by pressing the brick mixture into moulds and then firing them in a kiln. Soft-mud bricks are made from a thin mix whereas dry-press bricks are made from a thicker mix that gives crisper definition. Greater strength is achieved by using greater force when pressing the brick and by firing it for longer, but this increases the cost.

Extruded bricks are formed by pushing the brick mixture through a die to create an extrusion that is then wire cut to produce bricks of the required length.

Bricks can be solid, or can have holes perforated through them to reduce the amount of material used. Alternatively they may have an indentation on one surface (or two surfaces) commonly called a ‘frog’. The frog must be filled with mortar when bricks are laid otherwise the structural and acoustic performance of the wall will be affected. For this reason it is best practice to lay bricks with the frog facing upwards so that it is easy to fill. Where there are two frogs, the larger frog should face upwards.

For information about how bricks are tested, see Testing bricks.

= What are the types of special bricks? =

Other than the standard rectangular block, a number of special shapes exist for particular circumstances that may be encountered when building with bricks. These include:

* Radial, tapered or arch bricks.
* Angle and cant bricks that form returns and chamfers.
* Bullnose bricks with rounded corners.
* Capping and coping bricks.
* Cill bricks.
* Plinth bricks.
* Brick slips (thin bricks that can be used for cladding).
* Soldier bricks, that form returns for soldier courses.

Bricks can also be cut to size.

Engineering bricks have particularly high strength, low water absorption and good acid resistance. They are generally used for civil engineering applications.

For more information, see Types of bricks.

= What patterns are bricks laid in (bonds)? =

Bricks can be laid as soldiers (standing upright), stretchers (laid lengthwise along the wall) or headers (laid width wise along the wall).

Bricks are laid with a mortar joint bonding them together. The profile of the mortar joint (pointing) can be varied depending on exposure or to create a specific visual effect. The most common profiles are; flush (rag joint), bucket handle, weather struck, weather struck and cut, and recessed.

The bonding pattern describes the alignment of the bricks. There are a large number of standard bond patterns, including:

* Stretcher bond. This is the most commonly used bond in the UK. Each stretcher (brick laid length-wise) is offset by half a brick relative to the course above and below.
* English bond. Alternating courses of stretchers and ‘headers’ (bricks laid width-wise) are laid with the alternating courses aligned to one another.
* American common bond. Similar to the English bond but with one course of headers for every six stretcher courses.
* English cross bond. Alternating courses of stretchers and headers, but with the alternating stretcher courses offset by half a brick.
* Flemish bond. Alternating stretchers and headers in each course.
* Header bond. Courses of headers offset by half a brick.
* Stack bond. Bricks laid directly on top of one another with joints aligned. This is a fundamentally weak bond and is likely to require reinforcement.
* Garden wall bond. Three courses of stretchers then one course of headers.
* Sussex bond. Three stretchers and one header in each course.

For more information, see Types of brick bonding.

= Alternative definition - metadata =

[https://www.architecture.com/knowledge-and-resources/resources-landing-page/smart-building-overlay-to-riba-plan-of-work Smart Building Overlay to the RIBA Plan of Work], published by the RIBA in 2024, states: ‘Brick is an ontology-based metadata schema that captures the entities and relationships necessary for effective representations of buildings and their subsystems.’

= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

* Blockwork.
* Bricklayer.
* Brick sizes.
* Brick veneer.
* Cavity wall.
* Clay.
* Damp-proof course.
* Defects in brickwork.
* Efflorescence.
* Frog.
* Frost attack.
* How to lay bricks.
* Mortar.
* Pointing.
* Spalling.
* Specifying brick.
* Testing bricks.
* Types of brick arches.
* Types of brick bonding.
* Types of bricks.

= External references =

* [http://www.brick.org.uk/ The Brick Development Association].

[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

The world's first mass timber data centre

2026-10-16T08:31:51Z

Designing Buildings:

We have been accustomed to hearing about the atmospheric growth of AI, but it is still difficult to comprehend that the market is expected to increase 25-fold in just ten years – projected to reach a value of $4.8 trillion by 2033.

For many, that computing power might appear abstract, but to account for this growth in demand we need real physical infrastructure in the form of data centres. These structures have an impact on the environment through carbon emissions generated by the power supplies they rely on, through to the large quantities of water they need for cooling.

One often overlooked environmental aspect of data centre development is the choice of construction materials, something that becomes immediately apparent when visiting a facility. Traditionally, steel and concrete dominate and therefore is an intuitive choice. However, these materials also come with a significant carbon footprint.

An alternative approach is emerging that improves sustainability while also supporting faster construction and greater design flexibility. EcoDataCenter has taken a leading role in this shift. At its facility in Falun, Sweden, the structural frame is largely built from cross-laminated timber (CLT). This engineered wood solution not only reduces embodied carbon, by storing carbon rather than emitting it, but also enables efficient prefabrication, lighter structures, and adaptable design solutions. These characteristics present clear advantages that desginers and developers can apply to future data centre projects.

The driving force behind EcoDataCenter is sustainability, which meant that steel and concrete created challenges. The production of cement – the key ingredient in concrete – accounts for around 8% of global CO emissions, while steel production is around 7%. Therefore, replacing the conventional options with mass timber in this development drastically reduced CO emissions to the tune of more than 11,000 tonnes. Wood is also unique in its ability to sequester carbon during its growth, which means EcoDataCenter is making an additional positive impact by storing over 17,000 tonnes of CO for the duration of its lifecycle.

I spoke to John Wernvik, Chief External Relations & Sustainability Officer of EcoDataCenter about the project, who emphasises these sustainability advantages by saying: "We’re now beginning to see data centres being built with mass timber globally, and hyperscalers are starting to look at the material as well, although adoption is still at an early stage. EcoDataCenter shows that it’s possible to deliver this approach at a meaningful scale today, ahead of broader uptake. The shift is clearly underway, driven by the need to build data centres with far greater consideration for sustainability and long-term impact."

Once the material selection is finalised, logistics become a key consideration, both in terms of cost and environmental impact. When transporting mass timber, a single truck can typically carry around 16 elements. But in large-scale or “mega” projects, this still results in a significant number of truck movements, which can create delivery uncertainties, increase the risk of delays, and contribute to higher carbon emissions as well as local disruption.

At EcoDataCenter’s site in Falun, the transport strategy was reconfigured to be more efficient. Firstly, the delivery route was optimised not only to accelerate the installation process but also to reduce CO emissions. For the mass timber elements of the project specifically, Stora Enso, utilised rail transport instead of road, which significantly lowered the project’s carbon footprint while maintaining a steady and reliable supply chain. To top it off, the mass timber elements were prefabricated, so they arrived ready for installation, further supporting a faster and more streamlined construction process.

One of the advantages of the mass timber products CLT and LVL (laminated veneer lumber) are their strength-to-weight ratio. The lightweight of the structural frame meant less concrete was needed for the foundations, making the construction process more straightforward and bringing a further reduction in carbon emissions.

That combined advantage puts developers in a favourable position if they needed to increase the square meterage without the site’s footprint, no stretch of the imagination given the anticipated growth in demand for computing power in coming years. It also opens up the possibility of a timber-based vertical extension, allowing additional floor area to be created through a lightweight structural build-up. This makes it feasible to add a second storey while still coping with the high load demands of the equipment. That is potentially a lucrative advantage when the alternative is acquiring another piece of land equivalent in size to the existing ground level of the data centre.

Once a data centre is up and running, it generates a great deal of heat. Material choice can bring about an advantage here as well because the thermal properties of wood help to regulate temperature and support cooling, thereby reducing power consumption through lower HVAC costs. Wood even reduces condensation, making it easier to protect the sensitive equipment contained in data centres.

When it comes to sensitivity, it is not just the valuable hardware that needs protection. Data centres are a depository of sensitive details, so security is paramount and it was an important consideration for the developers. As a result, the materials used had to meet strict requirements for burglary resistance, fire safety and other safety standards.

Mass timber has long been a feature of the designer's toolbox, contributing sustainability benefits to projects ranging from schools to hospitals. However, data centres bring their own set of unique material requirements, including the need for the highest levels of security, immense load-bearing strength and flexibility to support rapid scaling.

As the world’s first mass timber data centre, EcoDataCenter has demonstrated that the answer to meeting our hi-tech needs while delivering on net zero can be supported by one of our most traditional materials.

-----
This article first appeared in [https://architecturaltechnology.com/more/at-journal.html AT Journal issue 158] in July 2026 and was featured on the [https://architecturaltechnology.com/resource/enter-the-world-s-first-mass-timber-data-centre.html CIAT website] on 15 Oct 2026. It was written by Jessika Szyber, Business Development Manager, Stora Enso.

--[[User:CIAT|CIAT]]

Related articles on Designing Buildings

[[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

The world's first mass timber data centre

2026-10-16T08:29:47Z

Designing Buildings: Created page with "We have been accustomed to hearing about the atmospheric growth of AI, but it is still difficult to comprehend that the market is expected to increase 25-fold in just ten years ..."

We have been accustomed to hearing about the atmospheric growth of AI, but it is still difficult to comprehend that the market is expected to increase 25-fold in just ten years – projected to reach a value of $4.8 trillion by 2033.

For many, that computing power might appear abstract, but to account for this growth in demand we need real physical infrastructure in the form of data centres. These structures have an impact on the environment through carbon emissions generated by the power supplies they rely on, through to the large quantities of water they need for cooling.

One often overlooked environmental aspect of data centre development is the choice of construction materials, something that becomes immediately apparent when visiting a facility. Traditionally, steel and concrete dominate and therefore is an intuitive choice. However, these materials also come with a significant carbon footprint.

An alternative approach is emerging that improves sustainability while also supporting faster construction and greater design flexibility. EcoDataCenter has taken a leading role in this shift. At its facility in Falun, Sweden, the structural frame is largely built from cross-laminated timber (CLT). This engineered wood solution not only reduces embodied carbon, by storing carbon rather than emitting it, but also enables efficient prefabrication, lighter structures, and adaptable design solutions. These characteristics present clear advantages that desginers and developers can apply to future data centre projects.

The driving force behind EcoDataCenter is sustainability, which meant that steel and concrete created challenges. The production of cement – the key ingredient in concrete – accounts for around 8% of global CO emissions, while steel production is around 7%. Therefore, replacing the conventional options with mass timber in this development drastically reduced CO emissions to the tune of more than 11,000 tonnes. Wood is also unique in its ability to sequester carbon during its growth, which means EcoDataCenter is making an additional positive impact by storing over 17,000 tonnes of CO for the duration of its lifecycle.

I spoke to John Wernvik, Chief External Relations & Sustainability Officer of EcoDataCenter about the project, who emphasises these sustainability advantages by saying: "We’re now beginning to see data centres being built with mass timber globally, and hyperscalers are starting to look at the material as well, although adoption is still at an early stage. EcoDataCenter shows that it’s possible to deliver this approach at a meaningful scale today, ahead of broader uptake. The shift is clearly underway, driven by the need to build data centres with far greater consideration for sustainability and long-term impact."

Once the material selection is finalised, logistics become a key consideration, both in terms of cost and environmental impact. When transporting mass timber, a single truck can typically carry around 16 elements. But in large-scale or “mega” projects, this still results in a significant number of truck movements, which can create delivery uncertainties, increase the risk of delays, and contribute to higher carbon emissions as well as local disruption.

At EcoDataCenter’s site in Falun, the transport strategy was reconfigured to be more efficient. Firstly, the delivery route was optimised not only to accelerate the installation process but also to reduce CO emissions. For the mass timber elements of the project specifically, Stora Enso, utilised rail transport instead of road, which significantly lowered the project’s carbon footprint while maintaining a steady and reliable supply chain. To top it off, the mass timber elements were prefabricated, so they arrived ready for installation, further supporting a faster and more streamlined construction process.

One of the advantages of the mass timber products CLT and LVL (laminated veneer lumber) are their strength-to-weight ratio. The lightweight of the structural frame meant less concrete was needed for the foundations, making the construction process more straightforward and bringing a further reduction in carbon emissions.

That combined advantage puts developers in a favourable position if they needed to increase the square meterage without the site’s footprint, no stretch of the imagination given the anticipated growth in demand for computing power in coming years. It also opens up the possibility of a timber-based vertical extension, allowing additional floor area to be created through a lightweight structural build-up. This makes it feasible to add a second storey while still coping with the high load demands of the equipment. That is potentially a lucrative advantage when the alternative is acquiring another piece of land equivalent in size to the existing ground level of the data centre.

Once a data centre is up and running, it generates a great deal of heat. Material choice can bring about an advantage here as well because the thermal properties of wood help to regulate temperature and support cooling, thereby reducing power consumption through lower HVAC costs. Wood even reduces condensation, making it easier to protect the sensitive equipment contained in data centres.

When it comes to sensitivity, it is not just the valuable hardware that needs protection. Data centres are a depository of sensitive details, so security is paramount and it was an important consideration for the developers. As a result, the materials used had to meet strict requirements for burglary resistance, fire safety and other safety standards.

Mass timber has long been a feature of the designer's toolbox, contributing sustainability benefits to projects ranging from schools to hospitals. However, data centres bring their own set of unique material requirements, including the need for the highest levels of security, immense load-bearing strength and flexibility to support rapid scaling.

As the world’s first mass timber data centre, EcoDataCenter has demonstrated that the answer to meeting our hi-tech needs while delivering on net zero can be supported by one of our most traditional materials.

This article first appeared in [https://architecturaltechnology.com/more/at-journal.html AT Journal issue 158] in July 2026. It was written by Jessika Szyber, Business Development Manager, Stora Enso.

[[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Key Considerations When Evaluating a Roller Shutter Company in London

2026-10-16T08:19:16Z

Designing Buildings:

[[File:Download.jpg|link=File:Download.jpg]]

= Introduction =

Selecting a roller shutter company requires an assessment of its technical competence, the suitability of its products and its ability to provide installation, maintenance and repair services. Roller shutters are used in commercial, industrial and residential buildings for purposes including security, access control, fire protection and thermal insulation. The appropriate system depends on the building, the dimensions and characteristics of the opening, the operating conditions and the performance required.

A structured evaluation helps building owners, facilities managers, contractors and specifiers compare providers on relevant technical and operational criteria rather than relying solely on price or general claims about quality.

= Product range and technical capabilities =

== Range of products and services ==

A roller shutter company may supply or install systems for shopfronts, warehouses, industrial premises, loading bays, garages and other openings. Available products can include solid, perforated, insulated, security and fire-rated shutters, although these types serve different purposes and should not be treated as interchangeable.

The services offered may include surveying, manufacture, installation, planned maintenance, fault diagnosis, repairs and replacement of components. When comparing providers, it is useful to establish which services are delivered directly and which are subcontracted, and whether support is available throughout the expected service life of the installation.

== Installer competence and experience ==

Installation requirements vary according to the shutter's dimensions, weight, materials, operating mechanism and intended use. The supporting structure must be suitable for the loads imposed by the shutter, and the guide rails, barrel, fixings and operating components must be installed in accordance with the system's design requirements.

Relevant assessment criteria include installers' training and competence, experience with comparable projects, familiarity with applicable regulations and standards, and the quality of their installation and commissioning procedures. For electrically operated shutters, the assessment should also cover electrical safety, control systems and appropriate protection against foreseeable operational hazards.

== Materials, components and construction ==

Roller shutters are commonly manufactured from steel or aluminium, with the choice depending on the required strength, weight, corrosion resistance, appearance and operating conditions. Insulated slats may be appropriate where improved thermal performance is required, while perforated or open-grille designs can provide visibility or ventilation.

The specification should cover the shutter curtain, guide rails, bottom rail, barrel, locking mechanism, motor and controls, as applicable. Component quality and compatibility affect reliability, security and service life. Material selection should also take account of exposure to weather, the building's environment, frequency of operation and anticipated maintenance requirements.

= Installation, project coordination and compliance =

== Surveying and project planning ==

A site survey establishes the dimensions of the opening, the condition of the supporting structure, available fixing points and any constraints affecting installation. The assessment should also identify the required operating method, access for maintenance, electrical requirements and any interfaces with other building systems.

Project planning should define the scope of work, product specification, installation sequence, programme, responsibilities and arrangements for testing and handover. For occupied buildings, the work may need to be coordinated with business operations, access requirements and temporary security measures. Clear documentation helps establish what has been specified, installed and commissioned.

== Standards and regulatory requirements ==

The relevant standards and regulatory requirements depend on the shutter's intended use and location. Fire-rated shutters, for example, require evidence of appropriate fire performance and must be installed as part of the building's fire safety strategy. Security performance should be assessed separately from fire resistance, thermal insulation or weather protection.

For powered shutters, the evaluation should include relevant machinery and electrical safety requirements, safe operating controls and protection against foreseeable risks. Where shutters are used as workplace equipment, applicable health and safety duties, including inspection and maintenance requirements, should also be considered. Claims of compliance should be supported by appropriate documentation rather than general assurances.

= Maintenance, repairs and service life =

A roller shutter company's ability to provide ongoing maintenance and repairs can be an important factor in the long-term performance of an installation. Assessment should cover planned servicing, fault diagnosis, replacement parts, response arrangements and the availability of suitably competent technicians. Emergency response times may be particularly important where a failure compromises security or disrupts building operations.

Maintenance requirements depend on the shutter type, frequency of use, environmental exposure and manufacturer's instructions. Typical inspections cover the curtain, guide rails, fixings, locking mechanisms, motors, controls and safety devices. Records of inspections, servicing and repairs can help identify recurring faults and support decisions about refurbishment or replacement.

= Assessing value and service quality =

Price should be considered alongside product suitability, installation quality, operating costs and expected service life. A meaningful comparison should use consistent specifications and clarify what each quotation includes, such as surveying, installation, electrical work, commissioning, warranties and future servicing.

Evidence of relevant project experience, staff competence, appropriate insurance, clear contractual terms and effective aftercare can help establish whether a provider is suitable for a particular project. References and examples of comparable installations may provide additional evidence, but should be considered alongside technical documentation and the requirements of the proposed work.

= Conclusion =

Evaluating a roller shutter company involves assessing its product range, technical competence, installation procedures, compliance arrangements and capacity to maintain the system over its service life. A structured assessment helps ensure that the selected provider can deliver a shutter that meets the building's operational, safety and performance requirements.

= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

* Shutter
* Types of shutters
* Structural and Installation Frameworks of Modern Roller Shutter Doors
* A Step-by-Step Guide to Roller Shutter Installation
* A Detailed Overview of Shop Front Roller Shutter Solutions in London
* Fire rated roller shutter doors
* Emergency roller shutter repair
* External doors

[[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Project_Knowledge]] [[Category:Procurement]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Window roller shutters

2026-10-16T08:17:13Z

Designing Buildings: moved Upgrade Your Property with High-Quality Window Roller Shutters to Window roller shutters

[[File:Window_Roller_Shutters.jpg|120px|link=File:Window_Roller_Shutters.jpg]]

= Introduction =

Window roller shutters are coverings fitted over windows to provide varying levels of security, privacy, light control and weather protection. They are commonly used in residential, commercial and industrial buildings. Depending on their design, materials and installation, they can also improve thermal performance and reduce the transmission of external noise.

A typical roller shutter consists of interlocking slats that move vertically within guide rails and coil around a barrel housed above the window opening. Shutters may be operated manually or by an electric motor. Their performance depends on the construction of the shutter, the quality of the installation, the characteristics of the window and the requirements of the building.

= Benefits of window roller shutters =

== Security and protection ==

Roller shutters can provide a physical barrier that makes unauthorised access through a window more difficult. The level of protection depends on the strength and thickness of the slats, the guide rails, the locking mechanism, the fixings and the supporting structure. A shutter should be selected according to the security risks and any applicable performance requirements; not all roller shutters are designed or tested to provide a specified level of resistance to forced entry.

External shutters can also provide some protection against wind-driven rain, airborne debris and other environmental conditions. However, their ability to withstand severe weather depends on their design, installation and rated performance. They should not be assumed to provide storm protection unless they have been specifically designed and tested for that purpose.

== Thermal performance and noise reduction ==

Closed roller shutters can reduce heat transfer through windows by creating an additional layer and an air space between the shutter and the glazing. Insulated slats and well-designed installations can improve this effect, although the degree of improvement varies according to the shutter construction, airtightness, window performance and surrounding conditions. Roller shutters do not replace the need for suitable glazing and effective insulation elsewhere in the building.

Shutters may also reduce the transmission of external noise, particularly when they incorporate insulated slats and minimise gaps around the opening. The degree of noise reduction depends on the complete window and shutter assembly, including the seals, installation details and sound characteristics of the noise source.

== Privacy and light control ==

Roller shutters can substantially restrict visibility through a window when fully closed. They also provide effective control over daylight, ranging from partial shading to near-total light exclusion, depending on the slat design and gaps between components. This can be useful in bedrooms, offices, healthcare facilities and other spaces where privacy or light management is important.

= Types of window roller shutters =

== Manual and electric shutters ==

Manual roller shutters are operated using a mechanism such as a winding handle, strap or spring-assisted system. They may be suitable for smaller windows or installations where powered operation is unnecessary.

Electric roller shutters use a motor to raise and lower the curtain, typically controlled by a wall switch, remote control or building control system. Powered systems can be more convenient for large or frequently operated shutters. Their design should incorporate appropriate safety measures to prevent injury or damage during operation, including protection against crushing and entrapment where necessary.

== Integrated and externally mounted shutters ==

Integrated roller shutters are incorporated into the window assembly or surrounding building fabric. Depending on the system, the shutter box may be concealed within the wall, lintel or window head, providing a relatively unobtrusive appearance. These systems are generally easier to accommodate when designed into a new building or major refurbishment.

Externally mounted roller shutters are fitted to the outside face of the building, either over the window opening or within a purpose-designed recess. They can be installed as part of a retrofit, subject to suitable fixings and adequate space for the shutter box and guide rails. Their appearance, effect on the façade and exposure to weather should be considered during specification.

== Materials and construction ==

Roller shutter slats are commonly manufactured from aluminium or steel. Aluminium is relatively lightweight and resistant to corrosion, while steel can provide greater strength for a given profile, depending on its thickness and construction. Protective coatings and suitable maintenance are important for both materials.

Slats may be solid, perforated or designed with an insulating core. Solid slats provide greater visual screening, while perforated slats allow some light and air to pass through. Insulated slats can improve thermal and acoustic performance compared with uninsulated alternatives, although the performance of the complete installation depends on the joints, guide rails, seals and shutter box.

= Installation and maintenance =

== Installation considerations ==

Correct installation is necessary to ensure that a roller shutter operates reliably and performs as intended. Before installation, the window opening should be measured and the supporting structure assessed to establish suitable fixing points. The available headroom, position of the shutter box, alignment of the guide rails and access for maintenance should also be considered.

Powered systems require appropriate electrical connections, controls and safety devices. Installation and commissioning should follow the manufacturer's instructions and applicable regulations. Where shutters are fitted to existing buildings, the work should also take account of the façade, window condition, weatherproofing and any relevant planning or conservation requirements.

== Inspection and maintenance ==

Regular inspection and maintenance can help extend the service life of a roller shutter and reduce the risk of operational failure. Maintenance should follow the manufacturer's instructions and take account of the shutter's operating frequency, exposure and environment.

Typical tasks include removing accumulated dirt and debris, checking the curtain and guide rails for damage or obstruction, inspecting fixings and locks, and checking the operation of the motor and controls where fitted. Lubrication should be carried out only where recommended for the particular system. Defects such as unusual noise, uneven movement, damaged slats or unreliable controls should be investigated promptly. Powered shutters should be isolated from their energy supply before maintenance where required, and repairs should be undertaken by suitably competent personnel.

= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

* Shutter
* Types of shutters
* A Detailed Overview of Shop Front Roller Shutter Solutions in London
* A Step-by-Step Guide to Roller Shutter Installation
* Structural and Installation Frameworks of Modern Roller Shutter Doors
* Fire rated roller shutter doors
* Emergency roller shutter repair
* How Electric Roller Shutters Improve Security for Modern Commercial Spaces?

[[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Window roller shutters

2026-10-16T08:16:48Z

Designing Buildings:

Window roller shutters

2026-10-16T08:16:23Z

Designing Buildings:

[[File:Window_Roller_Shutters.jpg|120px|link=File:Window_Roller_Shutters.jpg]]

= Introduction =

Window roller shutters are coverings fitted over windows to provide varying levels of security, privacy, light control and weather protection. They are commonly used in residential, commercial and industrial buildings. Depending on their design, materials and installation, they can also improve thermal performance and reduce the transmission of external noise.

A typical roller shutter consists of interlocking slats that move vertically within guide rails and coil around a barrel housed above the window opening. Shutters may be operated manually or by an electric motor. Their performance depends on the construction of the shutter, the quality of the installation, the characteristics of the window and the requirements of the building.

= Benefits of window roller shutters =

== Security and protection ==

Roller shutters can provide a physical barrier that makes unauthorised access through a window more difficult. The level of protection depends on the strength and thickness of the slats, the guide rails, the locking mechanism, the fixings and the supporting structure. A shutter should be selected according to the security risks and any applicable performance requirements; not all roller shutters are designed or tested to provide a specified level of resistance to forced entry.

External shutters can also provide some protection against wind-driven rain, airborne debris and other environmental conditions. However, their ability to withstand severe weather depends on their design, installation and rated performance. They should not be assumed to provide storm protection unless they have been specifically designed and tested for that purpose.

== Thermal performance and noise reduction ==

Closed roller shutters can reduce heat transfer through windows by creating an additional layer and an air space between the shutter and the glazing. Insulated slats and well-designed installations can improve this effect, although the degree of improvement varies according to the shutter construction, airtightness, window performance and surrounding conditions. Roller shutters do not replace the need for suitable glazing and effective insulation elsewhere in the building.

Shutters may also reduce the transmission of external noise, particularly when they incorporate insulated slats and minimise gaps around the opening. The degree of noise reduction depends on the complete window and shutter assembly, including the seals, installation details and sound characteristics of the noise source.

== Privacy and light control ==

Roller shutters can substantially restrict visibility through a window when fully closed. They also provide effective control over daylight, ranging from partial shading to near-total light exclusion, depending on the slat design and gaps between components. This can be useful in bedrooms, offices, healthcare facilities and other spaces where privacy or light management is important.

= Types of window roller shutters =

== Manual and electric shutters ==

Manual roller shutters are operated using a mechanism such as a winding handle, strap or spring-assisted system. They may be suitable for smaller windows or installations where powered operation is unnecessary.

Electric roller shutters use a motor to raise and lower the curtain, typically controlled by a wall switch, remote control or building control system. Powered systems can be more convenient for large or frequently operated shutters. Their design should incorporate appropriate safety measures to prevent injury or damage during operation, including protection against crushing and entrapment where necessary.

== Integrated and externally mounted shutters ==

Integrated roller shutters are incorporated into the window assembly or surrounding building fabric. Depending on the system, the shutter box may be concealed within the wall, lintel or window head, providing a relatively unobtrusive appearance. These systems are generally easier to accommodate when designed into a new building or major refurbishment.

Externally mounted roller shutters are fitted to the outside face of the building, either over the window opening or within a purpose-designed recess. They can be installed as part of a retrofit, subject to suitable fixings and adequate space for the shutter box and guide rails. Their appearance, effect on the façade and exposure to weather should be considered during specification.

== Materials and construction ==

Roller shutter slats are commonly manufactured from aluminium or steel. Aluminium is relatively lightweight and resistant to corrosion, while steel can provide greater strength for a given profile, depending on its thickness and construction. Protective coatings and suitable maintenance are important for both materials.

Slats may be solid, perforated or designed with an insulating core. Solid slats provide greater visual screening, while perforated slats allow some light and air to pass through. Insulated slats can improve thermal and acoustic performance compared with uninsulated alternatives, although the performance of the complete installation depends on the joints, guide rails, seals and shutter box.

= Installation and maintenance =

== Installation considerations ==

Correct installation is necessary to ensure that a roller shutter operates reliably and performs as intended. Before installation, the window opening should be measured and the supporting structure assessed to establish suitable fixing points. The available headroom, position of the shutter box, alignment of the guide rails and access for maintenance should also be considered.

Powered systems require appropriate electrical connections, controls and safety devices. Installation and commissioning should follow the manufacturer's instructions and applicable regulations. Where shutters are fitted to existing buildings, the work should also take account of the façade, window condition, weatherproofing and any relevant planning or conservation requirements.

== Inspection and maintenance ==

Regular inspection and maintenance can help extend the service life of a roller shutter and reduce the risk of operational failure. Maintenance should follow the manufacturer's instructions and take account of the shutter's operating frequency, exposure and environment.

Typical tasks include removing accumulated dirt and debris, checking the curtain and guide rails for damage or obstruction, inspecting fixings and locks, and checking the operation of the motor and controls where fitted. Lubrication should be carried out only where recommended for the particular system. Defects such as unusual noise, uneven movement, damaged slats or unreliable controls should be investigated promptly. Powered shutters should be isolated from their energy supply before maintenance where required, and repairs should be undertaken by suitably competent personnel.

= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

* Shutter
* Types of shutters
* A Detailed Overview of Shop Front Roller Shutter Solutions in London
* A Step-by-Step Guide to Roller Shutter Installation
* Structural and Installation Frameworks of Modern Roller Shutter Doors
* Fire rated roller shutter doors
* Emergency roller shutter repair
* How Electric Roller Shutters Improve Security for Modern Commercial Spaces?

== ==

[[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

How integrated mixing and pumping machines can reduce the space required for concrete work

2026-10-16T08:14:13Z

Designing Buildings: moved How Can an Integrated Mixing and Pumping Machine Reduce the Space Required for Concrete Work to How integrated mixing and pumping machines can reduce the space required for concrete work

[[File:AIMIX_AJP40_Mobile_Concrete_Plant_with_Pump_for_Various_Small-Scale_Construction_Projects.jpg|link=File:AIMIX_AJP40_Mobile_Concrete_Plant_with_Pump_for_Various_Small-Scale_Construction_Projects.jpg]]

= Introduction =

Space constraints on construction sites can create challenges for project managers, engineers and contractors. On urban infill sites, restricted industrial plots and infrastructure projects with limited access, the positioning of equipment, storage areas and delivery vehicles can affect productivity, safety and cost.

Traditional concrete operations may require separate equipment for batching, mixing, transporting and pumping concrete. Integrating some of these functions into a single mobile machine can reduce the number of individual units required and simplify site logistics. However, the potential space savings depend on the equipment configuration, production capacity, material storage requirements, access arrangements and volume of concrete required.

= How integrated mixing and pumping equipment works =

== Combining mixing and pumping ==

Integrated concrete mixer pumps combine concrete mixing and pumping equipment within a single mobile unit. Depending on the design, the machine may also incorporate systems for loading and proportioning the constituent materials.

The materials are combined to produce fresh concrete, which is then transferred to a pumping hopper and conveyed through a pipeline or hose to the point of placement. This arrangement can reduce the need to position a separate mixer and concrete pump, as well as shortening the distance between mixing and pumping operations.

The resulting reduction in equipment numbers can be particularly useful on projects involving relatively small or intermittent concrete pours, restricted access or several dispersed pouring locations. The suitability of the equipment depends on the required output, concrete specification, pumping distance and height, and the continuity of supply.

== Reducing the operational footprint ==

Using an integrated machine can reduce the area occupied by equipment compared with a layout involving separate mixing and pumping units. It may also reduce the space needed for vehicle manoeuvring and the movement of materials between separate operations.

However, the overall site footprint is not determined by the machine alone. Aggregate and cement storage, water supplies, access for material deliveries, cleaning facilities and safe working clearances must also be considered. Integrated equipment may reduce the total area required, but it does not eliminate these supporting requirements.

= Site planning and operational considerations =

== Positioning equipment and planning access ==

The location of an integrated mixer pump should be determined during construction site planning. The machine should be positioned to provide safe access for material deliveries, adequate space for operation and maintenance, and a suitable route for the concrete delivery pipeline.

Pipeline routes should be planned to minimise unnecessary bends and avoid obstructing pedestrian routes, vehicle movements and emergency access. The pipeline must be compatible with the concrete mix and the required pumping distance and height. Its connections and supports should be suitable for the pressures and forces generated during operation.

The equipment must also be positioned on suitable ground capable of supporting its weight and operational loads. Gradients, ground conditions, overhead obstructions and the requirements for safe vehicle movements should be assessed before installation.

== Managing material storage and deliveries ==

Although integrated equipment can reduce the number of machines on site, it still requires a reliable supply of cement, aggregates and water. Storage and handling arrangements must be appropriate for the quantities required, the characteristics of the materials and the duration of the work.

Material deliveries should be coordinated to avoid congestion and unnecessary stockpiling. Smaller or more frequent deliveries may reduce the space needed for aggregate storage, but their feasibility depends on supplier availability, transport costs, site access and the required production rate. Adequate storage must remain available to prevent interruptions to concrete production.

Construction site planning should also account for washout facilities, the management of concrete residues and the prevention of cementitious material entering surface water drains or the surrounding environment.

= Applications and limitations =

== Construction in confined spaces ==

Integrated mixing and pumping equipment can be useful on sites where space is limited or where conventional concrete delivery vehicles cannot approach the point of placement. Potential applications include small building projects, foundations, drainage works, retaining structures and repairs to infrastructure.

On larger sites with several separate work areas, mobile equipment may also be relocated as construction progresses. This can reduce the need to establish permanent mixing facilities at each location, although the time and resources required to move the equipment must be considered.

== Selecting the appropriate equipment ==

Integrated mixer pumps are not necessarily the most efficient solution for every project. Their output may be lower than that of a separate batching plant operating with dedicated pumping equipment. Large or continuous pours may require a higher and more consistent rate of concrete supply than a compact integrated machine can provide.

Equipment selection should consider the required concrete volume, production rate, mix specification, pumping distance, vertical lift, aggregate size, site access and available storage. The cost assessment should include transport, mobilisation, labour, fuel or electricity, maintenance, cleaning and the expected utilisation of the equipment.

Concrete produced on site must meet the specified requirements for composition, consistency, strength and durability. Appropriate batching controls, mixing procedures, testing and quality assurance are essential, particularly for structural concrete. Space savings should therefore be assessed alongside productivity, safety, concrete quality and whole-life cost.

= Conclusion =

Integrated concrete mixing and pumping equipment can reduce the space required for concrete operations by combining functions that would otherwise require separate machines. The arrangement can simplify material handling, reduce equipment movements and provide flexibility on sites with restricted access or intermittent concrete requirements.

The extent of the benefits depends on the project, the equipment's capabilities and the supporting arrangements needed for material storage, deliveries, pumping and cleaning. Careful site planning and an assessment of production requirements are essential to determine whether an integrated system offers a practical advantage over conventional concrete supply and pumping methods.

= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

* Concrete batching plants
* Concreting plant
* Concrete
* Concrete boom pumps
* Site layout plan for construction
* Contractor's Site Layout Planning
* Construction site
* Construction site facilities
* Blocked concrete delivery pumps
* Infrastructure-Ready Concrete Pouring: The Right Self Loading Mixer + Concrete Pump Setup for UK Construction Sites

[[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Cost_/_business_planning]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

How integrated mixing and pumping machines can reduce the space required for concrete work

2026-10-16T08:13:11Z

Designing Buildings:

Topographic survey

2026-10-16T08:09:51Z

Designing Buildings:

= Topographic Survey and Data Integration in Building Information Modelling =

A topographic survey is a fundamental data acquisition process that documents the precise spatial configuration of natural and artificial surface features. Modern surveying methodologies leverage advanced instrumentation to capture elevation changes, boundary definitions, and exact geographical coordinates. Transforming this raw geospatial data into a functional digital model provides engineers and architects with a verified foundation for subsequent site planning, drainage analysis, and structural integration. This process bridges the gap between physical terrain and digital construction environments, ensuring that design proposals respond accurately to existing site conditions. Integrating exact topographical profiles eliminates the speculative assumptions that frequently undermine early-stage feasibility studies and earthworks volume calculations.

== Instrumentation and Data Acquisition Methodologies ==

Topographical data acquisition relies on distinct technological frameworks, each offering specific measurement capabilities. Surveyors must select the appropriate instrumentation based on site complexity, required spatial tolerance, and environmental constraints. Establishing a highly accurate baseline is critical before any digital modelling can commence. Without reliable field data, the subsequent digital representation loses its structural validity.

How do professionals capture this geometry effectively?

* Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS): GNSS equipment receives positional signals from satellite constellations to establish precise geographical coordinates. Surveyors deploy these receivers across open terrain to capture foundational boundary points and primary elevation benchmarks. This establishes the absolute spatial positioning of the site relative to national grid systems, ensuring that local coordinates align with broader regional mapping frameworks.
* Total Stations: These optical instruments calculate exact distances and angles using electronic distance measurement technology. Surveyors utilise total stations in congested urban environments or beneath heavy tree canopies where satellite signals experience significant degradation. They provide exceptional local accuracy for critical infrastructure ties and complex structural interfaces.
* LiDAR Systems: Terrestrial and aerial LiDAR scanners emit pulsed laser beams to measure distances to surrounding surfaces. This technology generates a highly dense point cloud, capturing millions of discrete geometric points per second. This rapid data acquisition is essential for recording complex topographies, significant level changes, and existing hardscape assets without requiring prolonged site occupations or disrupting ongoing civil operations.
* Drone Photogrammetry: Unmanned aerial vehicles capture overlapping high-resolution photographs across large geographical areas. Processing software triangulates these images through photogrammetry to produce detailed three-dimensional surface meshes. This method is particularly effective for large-scale earthworks tracking, volumetric analysis, and extensive site mapping over inaccessible or hazardous terrain.

== Transitioning from Spatial Data to Digital Terrain Models ==

Converting captured survey data into an intelligent digital surface requires systematic processing protocols. Engineers must translate discrete data points into continuous, workable geometrical planes within the authoring software. This translation ensures that civil engineers can manipulate the terrain for grading modifications, drainage flow studies, and flood risk assessments.

The conversion sequence initiates with rigorous data registration. Technicians align multiple scan positions into a single, cohesive coordinate framework. Following registration, specialists classify the point cloud to isolate authentic ground surfaces from transient noise, such as vegetation, vehicles, and temporary structures. What happens to the cleaned data once isolation is complete? Technicians generate a Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN). This mathematical structure connects adjacent data points to form a continuous three-dimensional surface representing the true terrain profile, accurately capturing slopes, ridges, and natural depressions.

Within the authoring environment, modellers differentiate surface types systematically. Hardscape elements, including pedestrian footpaths, concrete driveways, and asphalt roadways, are authored using solid floor objects to reflect actual structural depth and material properties. Softscape elements, such as landscaped gradients and natural soil profiles, are constructed using dedicated topographical surface tools. This distinct classification enables highly accurate volumetric calculations for subsequent excavation, material removal, and cut-and-fill operations required during the initial construction phases.

== Quality Assurance and Spatial Tolerance Verification ==

Integrating a Site survey into a digital environment demands rigorous geometric validation. The resulting model must reflect the physical reality accurately to prevent costly coordination errors during physical construction. Incorrect surface elevations can lead to severe drainage failures or improper foundation seating.

Modelling professionals establish acceptable spatial tolerances prior to commencing the data conversion process. These tolerances define the maximum permissible deviation between the authored digital surface and the originating point cloud. For complex topographical sites, engineers typically enforce a tolerance threshold between 15 millimetres and 50 millimetres, depending on the specific requirements of the Land survey. Highly sensitive infrastructure projects, such as rail alignments or major highway intersections, may demand even tighter adherence to the measured survey data to guarantee structural alignment.

To verify this compliance, technicians conduct systematic cross-examinations. Reviewers compare generated site contour lines against the raw survey elevation data to ensure gradient continuity. They extract random spot elevations across the digital surface and measure the vertical variance against the registered scan points. Conducting these independent quality assurance passes ensures that the final digital terrain model provides a structurally sound and geometrically precise foundation for advanced construction planning and logistical coordination.

= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

* Land surveying
* Survey
* Geographic information system GIS
* Site investigation
* Construction site investigation methods
* Site investigation information
* Boundary Survey
* Legal boundary
* Geospatial
* Ground conditions

Reference: Topography BIM Modeling from Point Cloud Services - Published by ViBIM.

[[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:BIM]]

Topographic survey

2026-10-16T08:08:04Z

Designing Buildings:

= Topographic Survey and Data Integration in Building Information Modelling =

A topographic survey is a fundamental data acquisition process that documents the precise spatial configuration of natural and artificial surface features. Modern surveying methodologies leverage advanced instrumentation to capture elevation changes, boundary definitions, and exact geographical coordinates. Transforming this raw geospatial data into a functional digital model provides engineers and architects with a verified foundation for subsequent site planning, drainage analysis, and structural integration. This process bridges the gap between physical terrain and digital construction environments, ensuring that design proposals respond accurately to existing site conditions. Integrating exact topographical profiles eliminates the speculative assumptions that frequently undermine early-stage feasibility studies and earthworks volume calculations.

== Instrumentation and Data Acquisition Methodologies ==

Topographical data acquisition relies on distinct technological frameworks, each offering specific measurement capabilities. Surveyors must select the appropriate instrumentation based on site complexity, required spatial tolerance, and environmental constraints. Establishing a highly accurate baseline is critical before any digital modelling can commence. Without reliable field data, the subsequent digital representation loses its structural validity.

How do professionals capture this geometry effectively?

* Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS): GNSS equipment receives positional signals from satellite constellations to establish precise geographical coordinates. Surveyors deploy these receivers across open terrain to capture foundational boundary points and primary elevation benchmarks. This establishes the absolute spatial positioning of the site relative to national grid systems, ensuring that local coordinates align with broader regional mapping frameworks.
* Total Stations: These optical instruments calculate exact distances and angles using electronic distance measurement technology. Surveyors utilise total stations in congested urban environments or beneath heavy tree canopies where satellite signals experience significant degradation. They provide exceptional local accuracy for critical infrastructure ties and complex structural interfaces.
* LiDAR Systems: Terrestrial and aerial LiDAR scanners emit pulsed laser beams to measure distances to surrounding surfaces. This technology generates a highly dense point cloud, capturing millions of discrete geometric points per second. This rapid data acquisition is essential for recording complex topographies, significant level changes, and existing hardscape assets without requiring prolonged site occupations or disrupting ongoing civil operations.
* Drone Photogrammetry: Unmanned aerial vehicles capture overlapping high-resolution photographs across large geographical areas. Processing software triangulates these images through photogrammetry to produce detailed three-dimensional surface meshes. This method is particularly effective for large-scale earthworks tracking, volumetric analysis, and extensive site mapping over inaccessible or hazardous terrain.

== Transitioning from Spatial Data to Digital Terrain Models ==

Converting captured survey data into an intelligent digital surface requires systematic processing protocols. Engineers must translate discrete data points into continuous, workable geometrical planes within the authoring software. This translation ensures that civil engineers can manipulate the terrain for grading modifications, drainage flow studies, and flood risk assessments.

The conversion sequence initiates with rigorous data registration. Technicians align multiple scan positions into a single, cohesive coordinate framework. Following registration, specialists classify the point cloud to isolate authentic ground surfaces from transient noise, such as vegetation, vehicles, and temporary structures. What happens to the cleaned data once isolation is complete? Technicians generate a Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN). This mathematical structure connects adjacent data points to form a continuous three-dimensional surface representing the true terrain profile, accurately capturing slopes, ridges, and natural depressions.

Within the authoring environment, modellers differentiate surface types systematically. Hardscape elements, including pedestrian footpaths, concrete driveways, and asphalt roadways, are authored using solid floor objects to reflect actual structural depth and material properties. Softscape elements, such as landscaped gradients and natural soil profiles, are constructed using dedicated topographical surface tools. This distinct classification enables highly accurate volumetric calculations for subsequent excavation, material removal, and cut-and-fill operations required during the initial construction phases.

== Quality Assurance and Spatial Tolerance Verification ==

Integrating a Site survey into a digital environment demands rigorous geometric validation. The resulting model must reflect the physical reality accurately to prevent costly coordination errors during physical construction. Incorrect surface elevations can lead to severe drainage failures or improper foundation seating.

Modelling professionals establish acceptable spatial tolerances prior to commencing the data conversion process. These tolerances define the maximum permissible deviation between the authored digital surface and the originating point cloud. For complex topographical sites, engineers typically enforce a tolerance threshold between 15 millimetres and 50 millimetres, depending on the specific requirements of the Land survey. Highly sensitive infrastructure projects, such as rail alignments or major highway intersections, may demand even tighter adherence to the measured survey data to guarantee structural alignment.

To verify this compliance, technicians conduct systematic cross-examinations. Reviewers compare generated site contour lines against the raw survey elevation data to ensure gradient continuity. They extract random spot elevations across the digital surface and measure the vertical variance against the registered scan points. Conducting these independent quality assurance passes ensures that the final digital terrain model provides a structurally sound and geometrically precise foundation for advanced construction planning and logistical coordination.

Reference: Topography BIM Modeling from Point Cloud Services - Published by ViBIM.

CIOB articles

2026-10-15T08:02:08Z

Designing Buildings:

The following articles were created with content sourced from the Chartered Institute of Building.

-----
# Introduction to radon awareness in the built environment. October 2026.
# CIOB publishes free drugs and alcohol policy template. October 2026.
# Why information management is central to digital construction. September 2026
# Shortlist for CIOB's Art of Building 2026 competition. September 2026
# New publication highlights latest guidance for tackling damp and mould. September 2026
# Understanding the changes to the National Planning Policy Framework 2026. September 2026
# The importance of early engagement. August 2026
# CIOB publishes free building regulations and Building Safety Act advice for clients. August 2026
# CIOB responds to built environment professions call for evidence. August 2026
# Art of Building 2026. August 2026
# Silica toolkit. August 2026
# Combining mid-career qualifications with experience broadens career opportunities. July 2026
# CIOB reacts to new Prime Minister. July 2026
# Bridging the gap between clients and contractors: From insight to practical delivery. June 2026
# The King’s Speech May 2026. (mention) May 2026
# Cyber Security in the Built Environment: Protecting projects, data, and digital assets. May 2026
# CIOB stresses importance of construction to new Scottish and Welsh governments. May 2026
# Everywhere to see: Women's Contributions to the Built Environment. May 2026
# What the UK’s new housing standards mean for homes, landlords and tenants. April 2026.
# Survey on CDM Regulations launched by CIOB‎. April 2026.
# Construction SMEs face mounting cost pressures and insolvencies despite continuous growth, report warns. March 2026
# Male construction workers and prostate cancer. March 2026
# CIOB student challenge inspires a new 2026 wave of Irish construction professionals. March 2026
# CIOB Apprentice of the Year 2025/26. March 2026
# Prostate Cancer Awareness Month. Why talking about prostate cancer matters in construction. March 2026
# National construction careers campaign needed to meet development demand. March 2026
# Climate Resilience and Adaptation In the Built Environment. March 2026
# Scottish parents prioritise construction and apprenticeship routes, CIOB data shows. March 2026
# Cutting carbon, cost and risk in estate management. February 2026.
# Chartered bodies call for greater recognition of professional standard (mention). February 2026.
# Core construction skills explained. February 2026.
# Apprenticeships and the responsibility we share. February 2026.
# Strengthening industry collaboration in Hong Kong. February 2026.
# Built environment bodies deepen joint action on EDI with 2025-30 plan. February 2026.
# Intellectual property rights, copyright, patents, and trademarks (mention). February 2026.
# Welsh and Scottish 2026 elections (mention). February 2026.
# CIOB publishes Scottish Election Manifesto. February 2026.
# CIOB publishes Welsh Election Manifesto. February 2026.
# Looking back on CIOB Academy in 2025 and where it's going next. January 2026.
# Resident engagement as the key to successful retrofits. January 2026.
# The Warm Homes Plan details released. (mention), January 2026.
# From QS to Further Education Teacher. January 2026.
# AI and Construction. The Power of Progress, Not Perfection. January 2026.
# Dr Victoria Hills joins CIOB as CEO. January 2026.
# CIOB December Policy Update. December 2025.
# Industry reaction, as MHCLG publishes single construction regulator prospectus. December 2025.
# Building Safety recap November, 2025 (mention). December 2025.
# From construction apprentice to CIOB hub vice-chair. December 2025.
# Reusing empty properties in the built environment (mention). December 2025.
# Offices stand empty while Ireland faces housing shortages. New report poses solutions. December 2025.
# Construction and the autumn Budget 2025 (mention). November 2025.
# Helping avoid the skills gaps in construction. November 2025.
# Driving environmental professionalism across construction. November 2025.
# Understanding the role of quality materials. November 2025.
# CIOB launches first client survey. November 2025.
# Explaining the UK Government’s late payment reforms. November 2025.
# CIOB Technical Publication: Pre-construction services agreement. November 2025.
# The arc: identifying and engaging specialist historic environment professionals (update). November 2025.
# Building Safety recap October, 2025 (mention). November 2025.
# CIOB backs Code for Construction Product Information. November 2025.
# Retrofitting challenges in traditional and non-traditional buildings. October 2025.
# CIOB responds to Ireland budget announcement for 2025. October 2025.
# CIOB Scotland construction sector awards 2025. October 2025.
# Capacity Constraints in Construction: Rethinking the Business Environment. October 2025.
# The value of long-term relationships and early contractor involvement. October 2025.
# Is cultural safety the missing ingredient in building safety? September 2025.
# Celebrating construction across Ireland at the CIOB awards for 2025. September 2025.
# Sustainable Construction: Shifting the narrative. September 2025.
# Understanding the reforms to the Decent Homes Standard. September 2025.
# FMB and CIOB publish State of Trade survey findings 2025. September 2025.
# Launching CIOB Aspire. September 2025.
# How construction waste management in the UK is changing. August 2025.
# The Net Zero Carbon Buildings Standard and the proposed Part Z (menton). August 2025.
# Design and construction industry podcasts (mention). August 2025.
# Manufacturer competency codes, standards and frameworks (mention). August 2025.
# Competence is not a one-time achievement. August 2025.
# CIOB encourages young Scots receiving N5 results to build a career in construction. August 2025.
# Ola Obadara FCIOB appointed CIOB Vice President for 2025/26. August 2025.
# Guide to Products Critical to Safe Construction. August 2025.
# Promoting discussion, collaboration and community at the CIOB Member Forum 2025. July 2025
# CIOB report; a blueprint for SDGs and the built environment. July 2025
# RTPI leader to become new CIOB Chief Executive Officer. July 2025
# The UK's Modern Industrial Strategy: A 10 year plan (mention). June 2025
# Paul Gandy FCIOB announced as next CIOB President. June 2025
# UK Infrastructure: A 10 Year Strategy. In brief with reactions. June 2025
# Understanding Mental Health in the Built Environment 2025. June 2025
# New guide for clients launched at Houses of Parliament. June 2025
# Built Environment professional bodies deepen commitment to EDI with two new signatories. June 2025
# CIOB awards (update team award). May 2025
# CIOB responds to committee report criticising UK retrofit schemes. May 2025
# Design and construction industry podcasts (mention). May 2025
# CIOB awards. May 2025
# CIOB Construction Manager of the Year 2025. May 2025
# Mental health support on the rise but workers still struggling, CIOB report shows. May 2025
# Digital technology, transformation and cybersecurity. May 2025
# CIOB and CORBON combine to elevate professional standards in Nigeria. April 2025
# CIOB Client Guide (2nd edition). April 2025
# Retrofit of Buildings, a CIOB Technical Publication available in 3 languages. April 2025
# Spring Statement 2025 with reactions from industry. April 2025
# 600 million investment for 60,000 more skilled construction workers announced (mention). March 2025
# CIOB Apprentice of the Year 2024/2025. March 2025
# CIOB shares insights on attracting more young people to construction. March 2025
# CIOB student challenge inspires a new wave of Irish construction professionals. March 2025
# Lack of construction careers advice threatens housing targets, CIOB warns. March 2025
# UN SDGs provide blueprint for constructions sustainability efforts. March 2025
# Institute of Roofing members welcomed into CIOB. February 2025
# Reactions to the government response to the Grenfell inquiry final report. February 2025
# Embodied Carbon in the Built Environment (repost). February 2025
# Nominations sought for awards celebrating construction excellence in Ireland and Northern Ireland. February 2025
# CIOB Northern Ireland inspires next generation of construction talent. February 2025
# Practical steps that can be undertaken in the Management of Contractors to discharge the relevant CDM 2015 duties. January 2025
# CIOB Art of Building 2024 judges choice winner‎. January 2025
# CIOB Art of Building 2024 public choice winner. January 2025
# CIOB Construction Manager of the Year award shortlist revealed. January 2025
# Caroline Gumble to step down as CIOB CEO in 2025 after transformative tenure. January 2025
# CIOB photographic competition public vote. January 2025
# CIOB photographic competition final images revealed. December 2024
# Principal Contractor Competency Certification Scheme. December 2024
# CIOB launches global mental health survey. December 2024
# Retrofit of Buildings, a CIOB Technical Publication. (repost) November 2024
# New homebuilding skills hub launch and industry response. November 2024
# Quality Planning for Micro and Small to Medium Sized Enterprises (repost and tweak). November 2024
# CIOB Ireland launches manifesto for 2024 General Election. November 2024
# Embodied Carbon in the Built Environment. November 2024
# Reactions to the Autumn Budget announcement. October 2024
# Innovative Silica Safety Toolkit Receives Funding Boost in Memory of Construction Visionary. October 2024.
# CIOB signs up to Green Skills At Cop campaign. October 2024.
# CIOB Art of Building photo contest 2024. October 2024.
# CIOB reveals worrying landscape for construction SMEs in Wales. October 2024.
# Digital series on the role of construction in tackling the biodiversity crisis. October 2024.
# A Better Hiring Toolkit for construction (mention). October 2024.
# Ireland budget announcement 2025: CIOB responds. October 2024.
# Retrofit of Buildings, a CIOB Technical Publication (repost). September 2024
# Impact of digital technology on productivity in construction. September 2024
# CIOB and MMC Ireland announce strategic partnership. September 2024
# Industry responds to the final Grenfell inquiry report. September 2024
# CIOB Podcast: 21st Century Construction. September 2024
# CIAT collaborates with CIOB, CIfA, Icon to launch The Arc. August 2024
# Making Diversity and Inclusion easy for SMEs‎.August 2024
# CIOB issue statement in response to riots. August 2024
# CIOB announces sustainability champion Saul Humphrey as vice president for 2024 2025. August 2024
# Guide to Construction Quality (Site Production and Assembly). August 2024
# CIOB's insight into the new Labour government ministers. August 2024
# Retrofit of Buildings, a CIOB Technical Publication. July 2024
# Industry reacts to first labour government King's speech in fifteen years. July 2024
# CIOB Diversity and Inclusion technical information sheet. July 2024
# Construction industry reactions to the election result. July 2024
# Sustainable Development Goals must be focus for construction says CIOB President. June 2024
# New playbook on AI in construction published by CIOB. June 2024
# Principal Contractor Competency Certification Scheme PCCCS. June 2024
# CIOB Awards. (2025 update). June 2024
# The construction industry and the general election (mention). June 2024
# CIOB launches pre-election manifesto. May 2024
# Retrofit experts highlight critical actions Scottish Government must take to reach net-zero targets. May 2024
# Digital construction awards. 2024 shortlists. May 2024
# Digital Construction Awards 2023 Winners. May 2024
# Digital Construction Awards 2022 Winners. May 2024
# CIOB announces new trustees for 2024. May 2024
# Homeowners fear cost-of-living crisis will derail home improvement plans. May 2024
# Global Student Challenge 2024. April 2024
# Investors in People: CIOB achieves gold. April 2024
# Built environment project and programme management codes of practice. April 2024
# Code of Practice for Project Management for the Built Environment, 6th edition. April 2024
# Code of Practice for Programme Management in the Built Environment. Second edition. April 2024
# CIOB awards ceremony 2024. April 2024
# Barriers and benefits of MMC for Irish housing. April 2024.
# CIOB Client Guide. March 2024
# Employing People with Criminal Convictions in Construction. March 2024
# The reluctance of construction to hire people with criminal convictions revealed. March 2024
# Industry responds to the 2024 Spring Budget announcement. March 2024
# CIOB responds to the 2024 Spring Budget announcement. March 2024
# Building conservation; meaning, understanding and implementation (repost). February 2024
# CIOB comment on Biodiversity Net Gain legislation. February 2024
# CIOB joins forces to urge Government to regulate embodied carbon. February 2024
# The Paul Dockerill Award. February 2024
# Collaboration and challenge. January 2024
# Duty holders according to the Building Regulations Amendment 2023. January 2024
# What the Building Safety Act 2022 means for construction clients.January 2024
# Competence framework for project managers in the built environment launched (mention). January 2024
# Winners of world’s largest built environment photography competition 2023. January 2023.
# Art of Building 2023, vote for the finalists. December 2023.
# Rebecca Lovelace of Building People and CIOB EDI Individual Award Winner 2022 (CIOB mention). December 2023.
# CIOB Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Awards. December 2023.
# Finalists for 2024 CIOB Awards revealed. December 2023.
# The impact of pandemic and new legislation on academy training courses. December 2023.
# 2023 CIOB photography competition public choice award shortlist. December 2023.
# 2023 HSE data on workplace injuries and ill health with industry response‎ (CIOB section). November 2023.
# CIOB responds to the latest HSE data on workplace injuries, ill health and fatalities. November 2023.
# CIOB comments on the Chancellor's Autumn Budget. November 2023.
# 2023 Autumn Statement in brief with reactions (CIOB mention). November 2023.
# Building Safety Act Awareness course launched. November 2023
# Digital Transformation for SMEs: Unlocking the Benefits. November 2023
# CIOB energy efficiency survey. October 2023
# CIOB Ireland responds to Budget 2024. October 2023
# CIOB Art of Building photo contest 2023. October 2023
# Industry reaction to scaling back of HS2 (mention). October 2023
# CIOB social value report 2023. October 2023
# Guide to sustainability in the built environment. October 2023
# Guest editor, Phil Henry (mention). October 2023
# Industry responds to Prime Ministers Net Zero policy announcement. September 2023
# CIOB responds to net zero scaling back. September 2023
# 2023 CIOB Awards Scotland. September 2023
# Construction industry statements and responses to RAAC crisis (CIOB mention). September 2023
# CIOB statement on Reinforced Autoclaved Aerated Concrete‎. September 2023.
# CIOB Building Performance and Evaluation Guide (repost). September 2023.
# A Guide to Managing Safety Critical Elements in Building Construction (repost). September 2023.
# CIOB aims to help ex-offenders build a career in construction. September 2023.
# Help to Fix loan would drive retrofitting says CIOB. August 2023.
# CIOB welcomes new Vice President for 2025. August 2023.
# Top areas every professional needs to do to improve fire safety. August 2023
# Decision on second staircases, Michael Gove. July 2023.
# CIOB comments on Shortage Occupation List. July 2023
# Introduction to Facilities Management for Project Managers in the Built Environment. July 2023
# CIOB People, PPE that fits campaign. July 2023
# A sustainable future for Liverpool. July 2023
# Diversity and inclusion; free course from the CIOB Academy. July 2023
# New CIOB President calls for greater collaboration across construction, education and policy makers. June 2023
# New CIOB Technical Membership, TechCIOB grade aimed at technical experts. June 2023
# Search resumes for coveted CIOB Awards entries. June 2023
# Building Up Ireland: professional insights from the construction sector in 2023. June 2023
# Retrofitting plan for Scotland. May 2023
# CIOB Awards (updated postponement). May 2023
# CIOB Awards 2023 - Search begins for construction's leading lights (updated postponement). May 2023
# Embrace social value or get left behind warns CIOB. May 2023
# Universitas Indonesia win CIOB Global Student Challenge 2023. April 2023
# Revealing the real face of construction. April 2023
# Creation of Housing Minister for Scotland welcomed by CIOB. March2023
# A Guide to Managing Safety Critical Elements in Building Construction. March 2023
# CIOB reveals 2023 Global Student Challenge finalists‎. March 2023
# CIOB supports Scottish charter on construction quality. March 2023
# 2023 Spring Budget summary and industry response. March 2023
# CIOB launches digital resources for construction clients. March 2023
# CIOB Art of Building exhibition opens in China. February 2023
# Digital Construction Awards. February 2023
# CIOB five-year plan. January 2022
# (Enter the) Digital Construction Awards 2023. January 2022
# CIOB Art of Building photo contest 2022 winners. January 2022
# CIOB Building Performance and Evaluation Guide. January 2023
# CIOB Awards 2023 - Search begins for construction's leading lights. January 2023
# CIOB Global Student Challenge 2023. January 2023
# CIOB holds the Art of Building photo contest 2022. December 2022
# CIOB Academy publication, Quality planning for micro and SMEs. December 2022
# CIOB proposes stamp duty deferral on fixer uppers in RoI and NI. December 2022
# CIOB appoints new Vice President for 2022. November 2022
# Inaugural equality, diversity & inclusion conference. November 2022
# Chancellor's 2022 Autumn statement industry response. (joint mention) November 2022
# What are post-nominals ? November 2022
# CIOB at the party conferences 2022‎. November 2022
# CIOB tomorrow leaders community. November 2022
# CIOB Academy course, UN Sustainable Development Goals. October 2022
# CIOB Comment as Rishi Sunak becomes new Prime Minister. October 2022
# CIOB holds the Art of Building photo contest 2022. October 2022
# Scottish construction celebrated at CIOB Awards. October 2022
# Diversity & Inclusion Charter receives 100th signature. October 2022
# CIOB awards (Updated for 2022 event). September 2022
# CIOB Ireland responds to Budget 2023. September 2022
# CIOB reaction to September 2022 mini budget. September 2022
# Industry responds to Liz Truss as new Prime Minister. Septeber 2022
# Lessons learnt during Covid-19 pandemic leave lasting legacy. August 2022
# Finalists for 2022 CIOB Awards revealed. August 2022
# CIOB's response to the Levelling Up and Regeneration Bill. August 2022
# Three year equity, diversity and inclusion action plan. August 2022
# CIOB Managing Temporary Works Technical Information Sheet‎. July 2022
# CIOB Smoke Control Management Technical Information Sheet‎. July 2022
# CIOB Logistics Technical Information Sheet‎. July 2022
# CIOB Academy. July 2022 (updated)
# Construction industry bodies set out shared vision for the built environment. Academy. July 2022
# New CIOB President for 2022. June 2022.
# Sixth edition of the Code of Practice for Project Management. June 2022
# The Platinum Jubilee and Royal Charters. June 2022
# Anti-Slavery Commissioner say construction workers still at risk of exploitation. May 2022
# Buildings client group (BCG). April 2022 ‎
# CIOB awards. April 2022.
# The Construction Innovation and Quality Scholarship. April 2022
# Safer Buildings Conference. February 2022.
# CIOB accepted onto register of end-point assessment organisations. February 2022.
# CIOB strengthens governance structure with new Chair role. February 2022.
# The impact of silicosis on the construction industry. January 2022.
# Charter for diversity and inclusion in construction and special report launched by CIOB. November 2021.
# CIOB holds net zero event with industry experts and UK Government. November 2021.
# CIOB Global Student Challenge 2022. November 2021.
# CIOB response to the Autumn Budget and Spending Review 2021. October 2021.
# CIOB Ireland responds to Budget 2022. October 2021.
# Skyscrapers, staircases and optical illusions - the Art of Building is back. October 2021.
# Meeting the demand for housing in the UK. September 2021.
# CIOB responds to Newsnight report - Trapped: the UK's building safety crisis. September 2021.
# CIOB responds to skills strategy for Northern Ireland. August 2021.
# CIOB responds to CITB mental health and wellbeing report. August 2021.
# CIOB Connect mobile app. August 2021.
# Diploma in Building Safety Management. July 2021
# CIOB reviews the Building Safety Bill. July 2021.
# Pyrite and mica redress issues in Dail Eireann. July 2021.
# Interview with Paloma Hermoso, Senior Project Manager CIOB MAPM, Baker Ruff Hannon. June 2021.
# Chartered builders and chartered construction managers receive official recognition in Northern Ireland public procurement. June 2021.
# CIOB Global Student Challenge 2021 finalists. May 2021.
# Annual construction awards introduce two new categories. April 2021.
# Irish construction may struggle to meet demands. April 2021.
# Future Buildings Standard shortcomings raised. April 2021.
# Investors In People award CIOB silver accreditation. April 2021.
# Virtual reality construction experience for students. March 2021.
# January 2021 construction output figures. March 2021.
# Successor activity. February 2021.
# Stress test. February 2021.
# Start-finish logic. February 2021.
# Start-start logic. February 2021.
# Rescheduling. February 2021.
# Standard project. February 2021.
# Progress date. February 2021.
# Predecessor activity. February 2021.
# Finish-start logic. February 2021.
# CIOB Planning Protocol 2021. February 2021.
# CIOB conservation scheme welcomes retrofit roles. February 2021.
# December 2020 GDP figures show construction vulnerable. February 2021.
# New Homes Quality Board. February 2021.
# CIOB Adapt and Thrive conference 2021. February 2021.
# Protecting tenants and leaseholders from unsafe cladding. February 2021.
# Health performance indicators in the built environment. January 2021.
# Construction quality management guide. January 2021.
# Fire safety certification from CIOB. January 2021.
# CIOB responds to Sixth Carbon Budget. December 2020.
# Golden Thread report published by CIOB and i3PT. December 2020.
# CIOB 2020 CMYA and Rising Stars Announced. November 2020.
# CIOB Global Student Challenge 2021. November 2020.
# CIOB building conservation courses receive English Heritage endorsement. November 2020.
# Leading built environment bodies call for sprinklers in all schools. October 2020.
# CIOB holds the Art of Building photo contest. October 2020.
# CIOB reacts to 2020 Winter Economy Plan. September 2020.
# Finalists announced for CIOB Rising Star Award 2020. August 2020.
# Government urged to include home energy retrofits in Industrial Strategy. August 2020.
# CIOB president sees change ahead. June 2020.
# UK BIM Alliance and CIOB join forces. June 2020.
# Construction sites urged to integrate test and trace. June 2020.
# Understanding mental health in the built environment. May 2020.
# Quality policy. May 2020
# The CIOB welcomes assurance of Exchequer-funded capital projects in Ireland. Apr 2020
# Northern Ireland construction output Q4 2019. Apr 2020
# BEIS Reforming Regulation Initiative. Apr 2020
# Proposed changes: MHCLG consultation on house building statistics. Apr 2020
# CIOB urges construction industry to share PPE with healthcare providers. Mar 2020
# Construction output and GDP for quarter 4 2019. Feb 2020
# Auction theory. July 2019
# CIOB quality management code. Sep 2019
# CIOB response to 'Building a Safer Future' consultation. Aug 2019
# CIOB Value of Construction: Scotland report. Jun 2019
# Time and cost management contract suite. May 2019
# What does the Northern Powerhouse mean for us?. May 2019
# Invest in getting estimates right. Apr 2019
# Modern slavery in the construction sector. Apr 2019
# Balance for Better: Why lack of diversity is an issue for everyone. Mar 2019
# Research and development tax credits. Feb 2019
# Combined action needed to tackle severe skills shortages. Feb 2019
# The Role of Security in the Construction Industry. Feb 2019
# Development schedule. Jan 2019
# Improving quality in the built environment. Dec 2018
# CIOB Chief Executive announces retirement. Nov 2018
# Construction quality management course. Sep 2018
# Sustainable construction and development online course. Aug 2018
# Aircrete blocks. Jul 2018
# Construction and the Modern Slavery Act. May 2018
# Building in Quality: Joint Memorandum of Understanding. Mar 2018
# Guide to good practice in the management of time in major projects: Dynamic time modelling. Feb 2018
# CIOB and Stronger Together. Oct 2017
# CIOB Building Conservation Certification Scheme. Jun 2017
# CIOB Commission of Past Presidents. Jun 2017
# CIOB 2017 manifesto. May 2017
# Think Construction toolkit. May 2017
# CIOB join Build UK. Mar 2017
# Modern slavery toolkit. Feb 2017
# One CIOB. Jan 2017
# All-in rates. Dec 2016
# Approved contractor. Dec 2016
# Code of Estimating Practice. Dec 2016
# Consortium. Dec 2016
# Head office overheads. Dec 2016
# Mark-up. Dec 2016
# Masterminds of Construction. Dec 2016
# New code of estimating practice. Dec 2016
# Project overheads. Dec 2016
# Social mobility and construction: Building routes to opportunity. Dec 2016
# Tender works programme. Dec 2016
# CIOB academy. Nov 2016
# Code of practice for programme management. Sep 2016
# Code of practice for project management. Sep 2016
# The changing form of building worldwide 1984. Sep 2016
# Building a fairer system: Tackling modern day slavery. Jul 2016
# CIOB International innovation and research awards 2016. Jul 2016
# Craft your Future. May 2016
# Productivity in construction: Creating a framework for the industry to thrive. May 2016
# Exploring the impact of the ageing population on the workforce and built environment. Dec 2015
# The effectiveness of current smart home technologies to improve energy efficiency. Sep 2015
# 3D MOVE: Mobile Immersive Visualisation Environment. May 2015
# BIM Development for the Crossrail Farringdon Station. May 2015
# BIM-Hub, Educating Future Built Environment Professionals to Work in BIM Environment. May 2015
# Comparing the fit between BREEAM assessment and design processes. May 2015
# Construction efficiency: A tale of two developed countries. May 2015
# Does NEC3 aid collaboration in construction?. May 2015
# Effect of safety investments on safety performance of building projects. May 2015
# Icynene spray foam insulation. May 2015
# Improving the Safety of Single Carriageways in Northern Ireland. May 2015
# Inspiring the future initiative for schools. May 2015
# Japanese construction contractors in the international market. May 2015
# Modelling building construction durations in Nigeria. May 2015
# Oxypod. May 2015
# Q-Bot. May 2015
# Risk identification and allocation of Singapore construction joint venture projects with developing countries. May 2015
# Site Reconnaissance App SRAp. May 2015
# The history of human resource management. May 2015
# UtterBerry intelligent wireless sensor system. May 2015
# Bowen Jenkins Legacy Research Fund. Mar 2015
# Flagship first project for CPC 2013. Feb 2015
# Biomimicry. Mar 2014
# Chaos theory. Mar 2014
# Complexity theory. Mar 2014
# Fuzzy logic. Mar 2014
# Construction site personnel. Nov 2013
# Quality control for construction works. Nov 2013
# Site personnel. Nov 2013
# Client commissioning of construction works. Oct 2013
# Commissioning v testing. Oct 2013
# Computers in building design. Oct 2013
# Computers in construction tendering. Oct 2013
# Computers in the management of construction. Oct 2013
# Critical path method CPM. Oct 2013
# Ex gratis payment. Oct 2013
# Gantt chart. Oct 2013
# Overcoming difficulties in construction value management. Oct 2013
# Project manager's report for building design and construction. Oct 2013
# Scheduling construction activities. Oct 2013
# Productivity in building design and construction. Sep 2013
# Cost control in building design and construction. Sep 2013
# Design management plan. Sep 2013
# Site selection and acquisition for construction. Sep 2013
# Value engineering in building design and construction. Sep 2013
# Value in building design and construction. Sep 2013
# Value management techniques for building design and construction. Sep 2013
# Complex projects contract CPC 2013. Aug 2013
# Construction organisation design. Aug 2013
# Types of construction organisations. Aug 2013
# Time and cost management contract TCM15. Apr 2013
# Risk management. Nov 2011
# Value management in building design and construction. Nov 2011

--[[User:CIOB|CIOB]]

= CIOB reaction to September 2022 mini budget =

[[Category:DCN_Organisation]] [[Category:Education]] [[Category:Organisations]]

News from the web

2026-10-15T07:56:24Z

Designing Buildings:

Check out some of the best features and news from Designing Buildings as well as key stories from around the web.

-----
[[Introduction_to_Radon_Awareness_in_the_Built_Environment|Introduction to radon awareness]]

[[File:Introduction to Radon Awareness in the Built Environment 350.jpg|link=Introduction_to_Radon_Awareness_in_the_Built_Environment]]

New technical information sheet published by CIOB.

-----
[[Updated_supplier_guide_to_help_electrical_contractors_engage_with_New_Hospital_Programme|New Hospital Programme]]

[[File:New_Hospital_Programme_suppliers_guide_350.jpg|link=Updated_supplier_guide_to_help_electrical_contractors_engage_with_New_Hospital_Programme]]

Updated supplier guide can help electrical contractors engage with NHP.

-----
[[AT_Award_Winners_2026|AT Awards]]

[[File:AT_awards_2026_350.jpg|link=AT_Award_Winners_2026]]

CIAT confirm the winners of the 2026 architectural technology awards.

-----
[[Flood_Action_Online|Flood Action Online]]

[[File:Flood_action_online_350.jpg|link=Flood_Action_Online]]

Government launches a one stop shop for flood preparedness.

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[[Sir_Edwin_Lutyens:_Britain's_greatest_architect?|The best of the best?]]

[[File:Lutyens_book_350.jpg|link=Sir_Edwin_Lutyens:_Britain's_greatest_architect?]]

Sir Edwin Lutyens: Britain's greatest architect? Book review.

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[[CIOB_publishes_free_drugs_and_alcohol_policy_template|Drugs and alcohol policy]]

[[File:CIOB_drug_policy_template_350.jpg|link=CIOB_publishes_free_drugs_and_alcohol_policy_template]]

CIOB publishes free template to help assess and manage risks.

-----
[[Reflections_on_Party_Conference_season|ECA's reflections on Party Conference season]]

[[File:Andy_burnham_350.jpg|link=Reflections_on_Party_Conference_season]]

Burnham wants to be confident of winning before asking for a fresh mandate.

-----
[[Chief_Construction_and_Scientific_Adviser|New Chief Construction and Scientific Adviser]]

[[File:Sergio_Cavalaro_350.jpg|link=Chief_Construction_and_Scientific_Adviser]]

Sergio Cavalaro, Professor of Infrastructure Systems at Loughborough University.

-----
[[Building_safety_levy_for_England:_Estimator_tool_for_CIAT_members|Building safety levy for England]]

[[File:CIAT_logo_350.jpg|link=Building_safety_levy_for_England:_Estimator_tool_for_CIAT_members]]

CIAT publish estimator tool for members.

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[[Water_sector_electrical_skills_crisis_threatens_critical_infrastructure_delivery|Electrical skills]]

[[File:Water_infrastructure_350.jpg|link=Water_sector_electrical_skills_crisis_threatens_critical_infrastructure_delivery]]

Water sector faces a growing crisis that could slow the delivery of vital infrastructure.

-----
[[The_fate_of_industrial_conservation_areas|Undervaluing our industrial past]]

[[File:Sands_end_conservation_area_350.jpg|link=The_fate_of_industrial_conservation_areas]]

Heritage value changes as taste for building styles changes.

-----
[[From_compliance_to_confidence:_benchmarked_by_competence|Changing expectations around competence and compliance]]

[[File:From_compliance_to_confidence_350.jpg|link=From_compliance_to_confidence:_benchmarked_by_competence]]

New information sheet from CIAT.

-----
[[Category:DCN_News]] [[Category:News]]

Introduction to Radon Awareness in the Built Environment

2026-10-15T07:53:14Z

Designing Buildings:

[[File:Introduction to Radon Awareness in the Built Environment.jpg|link=https://www.ciobacademy.org/publication/introduction-to-radon-awareness-in-the-built-environment/]]

Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that can accumulate within buildings and presents a significant risk to human health. It is recognised as one of the leading causes of lung cancer after smoking and is a key environmental hazard within the built environment.

The ‘Introduction to Radon Awareness in the Built Environment’ Technical Information Sheet (TIS), published by The Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB) in 2026, provides an introduction to radon awareness, outlining its origin, characteristics, and the health risks associated with exposure. It examines how radon enters buildings, the factors influencing indoor concentrations, and the importance of understanding radon-prone areas.

It also highlights the role of construction professionals in managing radon risk through appropriate design, construction, and operational practices. It introduces key principles of measurement, mitigation, and regulatory considerations, supporting a coordinated and informed approach across a building’s lifecycle.

By improving awareness and promoting best practice, it aims to support the construction industry in reducing radon-related risks and protecting building occupants.

Its contents are:

* Introduction
* What is Radon Gas?
* Health Risks Associated with Radon Exposure
* Radon in Buildings
* Radon Risk Areas
* Radon Measurement and Testing
* Radon Mitigation and Control Measures
* Design and Construction Considerations
* Legal, Regulatory and Guidance Framework
* Operation, Maintenance and Monitoring
* Common Challenges and Good Practice
* Summary

It was written by Yvonne Power, Managing Director of Radon Services Ireland Ltd (RSI), specialising in radon testing, assessment and remediation across residential and commercial buildings in Ireland.

[https://www.ciobacademy.org/publication/introduction-to-radon-awareness-in-the-built-environment/ Introduction to Radon Awareness in the Built Environment is available here].

You can see more CIOB [https://www.ciobacademy.org/publications/?product-categories=technical-information-sheet Technical Information Sheets here.]

--[[User:CIOB|CIOB]]

= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

* Approved Document C.
* CIOB articles.
* CIOB.
* Methane and other gasses from the ground.
* Radon protection for new domestic extensions and conservatories with solid concrete ground floors (GG 73 revised).
* Radon protection for new dwellings GG 74.
* Radon protection for new large buildings GG 75.
* Radon solutions in older homes GR 38.
* Radon.
* Radon: Guidance on protective measures for new buildings BR 211.
* Solid and liquid contaminants risk assessments.

[[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Report]] [[Category:Publications_/_reports]] [[Category:Health_and_safety_/_CDM]]

File:Introduction to Radon Awareness in the Built Environment.jpg

2026-10-15T07:52:05Z

Designing Buildings: Introduction to Radon Awareness in the Built Environment. Source: https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Introduction_to_Radon_Awareness_in_the_Built_Environment

Introduction to Radon Awareness in the Built Environment. Source: [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Introduction_to_Radon_Awareness_in_the_Built_Environment https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Introduction_to_Radon_Awareness_in_the_Built_Environment]

File:Introduction to Radon Awareness in the Built Environment 350.jpg

2026-10-15T07:51:49Z

Designing Buildings: Introduction to Radon Awareness in the Built Environment. Source: https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Introduction_to_Radon_Awareness_in_the_Built_Environment

Introduction to Radon Awareness in the Built Environment

2026-10-15T07:49:30Z

Designing Buildings: Created page with "Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that can accumulate within buildings and presents a significant risk to human health. It is recognised as one of the leading causes..."

Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that can accumulate within buildings and presents a significant risk to human health. It is recognised as one of the leading causes of lung cancer after smoking and is a key environmental hazard within the built environment.

The ‘Introduction to Radon Awareness in the Built Environment’ Technical Information Sheet (TIS), published by The Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB) in 2026, provides an introduction to radon awareness, outlining its origin, characteristics, and the health risks associated with exposure. It examines how radon enters buildings, the factors influencing indoor concentrations, and the importance of understanding radon-prone areas.

It also highlights the role of construction professionals in managing radon risk through appropriate design, construction, and operational practices. It introduces key principles of measurement, mitigation, and regulatory considerations, supporting a coordinated and informed approach across a building’s lifecycle.

By improving awareness and promoting best practice, it aims to support the construction industry in reducing radon-related risks and protecting building occupants.

Its contents are:

* Introduction
* What is Radon Gas?
* Health Risks Associated with Radon Exposure
* Radon in Buildings
* Radon Risk Areas
* Radon Measurement and Testing
* Radon Mitigation and Control Measures
* Design and Construction Considerations
* Legal, Regulatory and Guidance Framework
* Operation, Maintenance and Monitoring
* Common Challenges and Good Practice
* Summary

It was written by Yvonne Power, Managing Director of Radon Services Ireland Ltd (RSI), specialising in radon testing, assessment and remediation across residential and commercial buildings in Ireland.

[https://www.ciobacademy.org/publication/introduction-to-radon-awareness-in-the-built-environment/ Introduction to Radon Awareness in the Built Environment is available here].

You can see more CIOB [https://www.ciobacademy.org/publications/?product-categories=technical-information-sheet Technical Information Sheets here.]

= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

* Approved Document C.
* CIOB articles.
* CIOB.
* Methane and other gasses from the ground.
* Radon protection for new domestic extensions and conservatories with solid concrete ground floors (GG 73 revised).
* Radon protection for new dwellings GG 74.
* Radon protection for new large buildings GG 75.
* Radon solutions in older homes GR 38.
* Radon.
* Radon: Guidance on protective measures for new buildings BR 211.
* Solid and liquid contaminants risk assessments.

[[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Report]] [[Category:Publications_/_reports]] [[Category:Health_and_safety_/_CDM]]

Securing the Invisible Backbone: The New Era of Telecoms Infrastructure Resilience

2026-10-15T06:04:21Z

Designing Buildings:

= Introduction =

Telecommunications infrastructure supports digital communications, internet access and the operation of many essential services. Mobile networks, fibre-optic cables, data centres, network equipment and associated power and cooling systems enable services used by businesses, public authorities, healthcare providers, financial institutions and emergency services. Disruption to this infrastructure can therefore have consequences beyond the telecommunications sector, affecting economic activity, public safety and the delivery of essential services.

The expansion of fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks, fibre broadband, cloud computing and software-defined networking has increased the complexity of telecommunications systems. Security and resilience must address both digital threats and physical vulnerabilities, including equipment failure, power loss, extreme weather, accidental damage, sabotage and weaknesses in suppliers' systems. Protecting telecommunications infrastructure requires coordinated technical, operational and organisational measures to prevent disruption, limit its effects and restore services when incidents occur.

= The changing telecommunications infrastructure =

== Distributed and software-defined networks ==

Traditional telecommunications networks relied heavily on dedicated hardware and relatively centralised systems. Modern networks increasingly combine physical equipment with virtualised network functions, cloud platforms, software-defined networking and distributed processing at the network edge. These technologies can improve flexibility, capacity and service performance, but they also introduce additional interfaces, dependencies and potential points of attack.

Application programming interfaces (APIs) allow software systems to exchange information and invoke functions. If poorly secured, they can expose networks to unauthorised access, data disclosure or service disruption. Virtual machines, containers and cloud management platforms also require appropriate configuration, identity controls, monitoring and vulnerability management.

Security measures should reflect the architecture and operational requirements of each network. These may include separating critical systems from less trusted environments, restricting administrative access, securing communications between components and maintaining visibility of activity across distributed infrastructure. Cloud deployment does not automatically require a sovereign cloud, but operators handling sensitive or nationally important systems may need to consider data location, jurisdiction, supplier access and control over critical operations.

== Physical infrastructure and power resilience ==

Telecommunications security extends beyond software and network equipment. Masts, exchanges, data centres, street cabinets, fibre routes, cable landing stations and power supplies are all potential points of failure. Physical damage, unauthorised access, theft, flooding, fire and loss of electricity can interrupt service even where cybersecurity controls remain effective.

Resilience measures can include physical access controls, surveillance, environmental monitoring, protected cable routes, redundant power supplies and geographically diverse network paths. The effectiveness of these measures depends on the location and criticality of each asset, the availability of alternative routes and the time required to repair damaged infrastructure.

Undersea fibre-optic cables are particularly important to international connectivity, carrying the great majority of intercontinental data traffic. Their vulnerability to accidental damage from activities such as fishing and anchoring, as well as deliberate interference, makes route diversity, cable monitoring, repair capability and international cooperation important elements of network resilience. Satellite links and terrestrial routes can provide alternative connectivity in some circumstances, although their capacity and suitability vary.

= Cybersecurity and supply chain risks =

== Threats to telecommunications networks ==

Telecommunications operators face threats from cybercriminals, state-linked actors, insiders and other parties seeking to steal information, disrupt services or obtain persistent access to network systems. Attacks may exploit unpatched software, compromised credentials, insecure management interfaces or vulnerabilities in third-party products. Telecommunications networks may also be targeted for espionage because of the volume and sensitivity of the information they carry.

A perimeter-based approach alone is insufficient for complex, interconnected networks. Operators should adopt layered security controls, monitor activity continuously and assume that individual components or accounts may be compromised. Measures can include multi-factor authentication, least-privilege access, network segmentation, secure configuration, vulnerability management and the collection and analysis of security logs.

== Supplier and software dependencies ==

Telecommunications networks depend on equipment manufacturers, software developers, cloud providers, maintenance contractors and other suppliers. Vulnerabilities or security failures within one supplier can affect multiple operators, particularly where the same products or services are widely used. Risks may arise from compromised software updates, inadequate security testing, insecure remote maintenance or insufficient visibility of subcontractors.

Supply chain risk management should include assessment of supplier security, scrutiny of product updates, clear contractual requirements and procedures for reporting and resolving vulnerabilities. Operators should maintain an understanding of critical dependencies and consider whether alternative suppliers or replacement components would be available if a product became unsafe or unsupported.

Replacing equipment identified as presenting unacceptable security risks can be technically complex and expensive. Migration plans must account for compatibility, service continuity, testing, capacity and the availability of replacement equipment. Changes should be prioritised according to risk and carried out through controlled deployment and rollback procedures where feasible.

= Regulation and security governance =

Telecommunications security is subject to legal and regulatory requirements that vary by jurisdiction. In the UK, the Telecommunications (Security) Act 2021 strengthened the security framework for public electronic communications networks and services. The associated Electronic Communications (Security Measures) Regulations 2022 set out security measures that relevant providers must take, with Ofcom responsible for monitoring compliance and exercising its regulatory functions.

The UK framework addresses matters including network design, protection against unauthorised access, risk management, incident handling and the security of relevant suppliers. Requirements depend on the applicable legislation and the provider's circumstances. Operators must establish governance arrangements that assign responsibility for security, assess risks, implement suitable controls and retain evidence of compliance.

Regulatory compliance should form part of ongoing operational management rather than being treated solely as a documentation exercise. Security reviews, audits, incident reporting, supplier assessments and testing can help establish whether controls are effective. Operators should also monitor relevant changes in legislation, regulatory guidance and recognised technical standards.

Physical attacks on infrastructure may engage separate criminal laws, while damage to subsea cables or cross-border infrastructure can raise additional jurisdictional and international law issues. The applicable legal consequences depend on the circumstances and the relevant legislation.

= Building resilience and continuity of service =

== Network redundancy and recovery ==

Telecommunications resilience is the ability of a network to maintain or restore essential services when equipment fails, infrastructure is damaged or a security incident occurs. It depends on network architecture, operational procedures, maintenance arrangements and the availability of alternative resources.

Redundancy can be provided through diverse fibre routes, backup network equipment, alternative power supplies and geographically separated facilities. However, redundancy is only effective when alternative systems do not share the same critical vulnerabilities. Two cable routes that pass through the same duct or are exposed to the same flood risk may fail simultaneously. Resilience assessments should therefore consider common points of failure, physical separation and the dependencies between systems.

Business continuity and disaster recovery plans should identify essential services, recovery priorities, responsible personnel and the resources needed to restore operations. Regular exercises should test whether backup systems can operate as intended and whether services can be recovered within defined time objectives. Backup data and configuration files should be protected against unauthorised modification and tested for successful restoration.

== Traffic protection and access controls ==

Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks attempt to overwhelm network resources with excessive traffic or requests. Telecommunications operators may use traffic filtering, rate limiting, traffic analysis and distributed mitigation services to reduce their impact. These measures must be designed to accommodate legitimate peak demand and avoid disrupting essential services.

Identity and access management is another important control. Multi-factor authentication, role-based permissions, least-privilege access and secure administrative interfaces can reduce the risk of unauthorised changes. Network segmentation can limit the ability of an attacker to move between systems if one component is compromised. Access logs and security monitoring help operators detect suspicious activity and investigate incidents.

Encryption protects data in transit and, where appropriate, at rest. The inspection of encrypted traffic may also form part of security monitoring, but it requires careful consideration of privacy, legal obligations, performance and the handling of sensitive information. Security measures should be proportionate to the risks and should not introduce unnecessary weaknesses into the network.

== Testing, monitoring and incident response ==

Continuous monitoring can help operators identify equipment failures, unusual traffic patterns, unauthorised access and emerging vulnerabilities. Monitoring should cover relevant network components, supporting infrastructure and critical suppliers, with procedures for escalating incidents according to their severity.

Resilience testing should include more than desktop reviews of emergency plans. Depending on the risks, it may involve controlled failover exercises, backup restoration tests, penetration testing, incident simulations and checks of alternative communications routes. Testing should be undertaken safely and in a way that does not create unacceptable risks to live services.

Following an incident, operators should establish the cause, assess the extent of the disruption, restore services safely and identify improvements. Lessons learned should inform future risk assessments, maintenance programmes, security controls and continuity arrangements.

= Conclusion =

Telecommunications infrastructure resilience requires an integrated approach to physical protection, cybersecurity, supplier management, regulatory compliance and service continuity. The increasing use of distributed and software-defined networks creates opportunities for greater flexibility but also introduces additional dependencies that must be managed.

Effective resilience depends on understanding critical assets, reducing single points of failure, controlling access, monitoring threats and testing recovery arrangements. By combining preventive security with robust response and recovery capabilities, telecommunications operators can reduce the likelihood and impact of disruption to the networks on which essential services and economic activity depend.

= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

* Cyber resilience
* Cyber security
* Cyber Security in the Built Environment: Protecting projects, data, and digital assets
* Utilities' connections
* Utilities for construction and operation
* Local utilities
* Below ground services
* External works
* Digital technology
* Critical National Infrastructure

[[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

From Design Models to Construction Deliverables: Closing the BIM Coordination Gap

2026-10-15T06:01:38Z

Designing Buildings:

= Introduction =

Building information modelling (BIM) is the process of creating and managing digital information about a built asset throughout its design, construction and operation. Architects, structural engineers, building services engineers and contractors use BIM to develop, coordinate and exchange project information. However, a detailed three-dimensional model does not necessarily contain all the information required to construct, manufacture or install building components.

The transition from design models to construction deliverables requires coordinated geometry, appropriate technical detail, verified dimensions and consistent documentation. These requirements must be defined for each project and information exchange. Effective BIM coordination helps identify discrepancies between disciplines, resolve interface issues and produce information suitable for the intended construction activities.

= Understanding the gap between design and construction =

Design models communicate the proposed arrangement and performance of building systems. Construction teams may need additional information about dimensions, connections, supports, tolerances, access requirements and installation methods. For example, a mechanical services model may show the route of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) ductwork without specifying all the supports, access clearances or fabrication details needed for installation. Similarly, a structural model may show steel member locations without containing the connection details required for fabrication.

These differences can result in requests for information, design changes, delays and rework if they are not resolved before construction. The required level of detail and information depends on the purpose of the model, the project stage and the responsibilities of the parties involved. Design models should therefore be developed and checked against agreed information requirements rather than assumed to be suitable for every construction activity.

= Model coordination and clash detection =

== Federated models ==

A federated BIM model combines information from separate discipline-specific models to support coordinated review. Architectural, structural and building services models can be brought together while remaining separate sources of information, with each discipline retaining responsibility for its own model.

Reviewing these models collectively helps identify spatial conflicts and assess interfaces between building components. For example, a ventilation duct may intersect a structural beam, a cable tray may obstruct access to a valve, or fire protection pipework may conflict with other services in a restricted ceiling void. A federated model provides a shared reference for discussing these issues and recording agreed resolutions.

== Clash detection and constructability ==

Clash detection uses model geometry to identify potential conflicts between components. However, the absence of detected clashes does not demonstrate that a design is fully coordinated or ready for construction. A pipe may avoid adjacent elements but leave insufficient space for insulation, while equipment may fit within a plant room but lack adequate maintenance access.

Coordination reviews should therefore consider physical clashes, required clearances, installation tolerances, maintenance access, supports, fire protection requirements and the practical sequence of construction. Issues should be recorded, assigned to responsible parties and tracked through to resolution. Decisions should be reflected in the relevant models and documentation, with appropriate review and approval before the information is issued for construction.

= From coordinated models to construction deliverables =

A coordinated model can provide a basis for producing construction drawings and other technical information. Depending on the project, deliverables may include mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP) installation drawings, structural steel fabrication drawings, reinforcement detailing and bar bending schedules, precast concrete drawings, façade details and builders' work drawings identifying required openings and penetrations.

The information needed for each deliverable varies. Fabrication drawings, for example, require component dimensions, connection details and manufacturing information appropriate to the fabrication process. Builders' work drawings must identify openings, sleeves and other provisions needed to accommodate services within structural and architectural elements.

Model-derived drawings and schedules should be checked against the relevant design information, specifications and project requirements. The production of drawings from a model does not, by itself, establish that the design is correct or that the information is approved for construction. Responsibility for design, checking, coordination and approval should be defined in the project documentation.

= Supporting fabrication and prefabrication =

Off-site fabrication and prefabrication increase the importance of accurate dimensions and coordinated interfaces. Structural steel assemblies, precast concrete elements and prefabricated building services modules must fit the building's geometry and connect correctly with surrounding components. Errors in dimensions, connection positions or access clearances can lead to modifications, replacement work and delays after components have been manufactured or delivered.

For example, a prefabricated services module containing ductwork, pipework and cable trays must be coordinated with the structural frame, adjacent services and the available installation route. The model should support checks of interfaces, transportation constraints, lifting arrangements and installation access where these are relevant to the work. Fabrication-specific information and approvals may also be required before manufacture begins.

= BIM quality control and information management =

Reliable construction deliverables depend on accurate, current and appropriately structured information. Quality control should include checks of model alignment, coordinates, dimensions, component locations, service routes and consistency between models, drawings and schedules. Teams should also check that revisions are coordinated and that superseded information is not used for construction.

The required level of information should be established for each project stage and deliverable. A model intended to communicate design intent does not necessarily require the same detail as one used for fabrication or installation. Unnecessary detail can increase modelling effort without improving the information's usefulness.

Project information should be managed through agreed procedures for naming, revision control, review, approval, access and exchange. A common data environment (CDE) can support this process by providing a controlled location for collecting, managing and distributing project information. It does not remove the need for defined responsibilities, quality checks or formal acceptance procedures.

= Communication and construction planning =

Designers, contractors, specialist subcontractors and fabricators bring different requirements to coordination. Designers focus on design intent, performance and compliance, while construction teams must also consider site conditions, installation methods, sequencing and access. Involving relevant construction specialists during design development can help identify practical constraints before they become site problems.

Coordinated models can also support construction planning. Large plant items may need to be installed before surrounding walls or services are completed, while overhead building services may need to be installed in a particular sequence to maintain access and avoid interference. Where models are linked to reliable programme information, four-dimensional BIM (4D BIM) can be used to visualise construction sequencing and examine relationships between activities and building components.

Coordination decisions should be documented, communicated to affected parties and incorporated into the relevant information. Changes arising during construction should be assessed for their effect on other disciplines and deliverables before revised information is issued.

= Conclusion =

Closing the gap between design models and construction deliverables requires more than three-dimensional modelling or automated clash detection. It depends on clearly defined information requirements, coordinated discipline models, constructability reviews, appropriate technical detailing and effective quality control. When responsibilities, approvals and information exchanges are managed consistently, BIM can help reduce design discrepancies, support fabrication and installation, and improve the reliability of information used during construction.

= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

* Building Information Modelling BIM
* BIM co-ordinator
* Design coordination
* Coordination in the construction industry
* Spatial coordination
* Design information
* Construction information
* Common Data Environment (CDE)
* Clash avoidance
* MEP BIM Coordination

[[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:BIM]]

How Kitchen Renovation Contractors Transform London Homes Fast

2026-10-15T05:59:25Z

Designing Buildings:

= Introduction =

Kitchen renovation contractors coordinate the design, alteration and refurbishment of domestic kitchens. Their work may include removing existing fittings, modifying layouts, carrying out structural alterations, upgrading plumbing and electrical installations, installing kitchen units and completing decorative finishes. The scope of work depends on the condition of the existing building, the proposed design and the extent of the renovation.

Effective project planning can reduce delays, avoid unnecessary rework and help control costs. Coordinating the design, procurement and sequence of construction activities before work begins is particularly important where several trades are involved or the kitchen forms part of a larger refurbishment project.

= Planning a kitchen renovation =

== Design and preparation ==

The design should be developed sufficiently before demolition begins to establish the kitchen layout, cabinet dimensions, appliance positions, worktop requirements, lighting, electrical outlets, plumbing connections and ventilation arrangements. Decisions about materials and fittings should be made early enough to allow for procurement and delivery within the construction programme.

An initial survey should establish the dimensions and condition of the existing space, identify service locations and highlight potential constraints. Older buildings may contain concealed defects, uneven floors, outdated wiring or plumbing, and structural elements that affect the proposed layout. These issues should be considered when estimating costs and preparing the programme.

== Sequencing the work ==

A typical kitchen renovation involves removing existing units and finishes, undertaking any necessary structural alterations, modifying plumbing and electrical installations, preparing walls and floors, installing cabinets and worktops, and completing tiling, decoration and final connections. The precise sequence depends on the design and the work required.

Activities should be coordinated so that one trade does not obstruct or damage another's work. For example, concealed services should be installed and inspected before walls are closed, while final measurements for worktops may need to be taken after cabinets have been fitted. Deliveries should be scheduled to minimise storage requirements and avoid delays caused by missing materials.

= Scope of kitchen renovation work =

Kitchen renovation contractors may coordinate a range of building and installation activities, depending on their expertise and the specialists appointed to the project. These can include:

* Removal and disposal of existing cabinets, appliances and finishes.
* Alterations to internal walls and openings.
* Structural work, including the installation of beams where required.
* Plumbing, drainage and heating alterations.
* Electrical installation and upgrades.
* Gas appliance connections.
* Plastering, floor preparation, tiling and decoration.
* Installation of cabinets, worktops, sinks, taps and appliances.
* Ventilation improvements.
* Extensions or other building work to increase the available kitchen space.

A main contractor may employ specialist subcontractors or coordinate work undertaken by separately appointed trades. The contract should establish responsibility for design coordination, procurement, site supervision, building control requirements, waste disposal and completion documentation.

= Improving space and functionality =

== Storage and layout ==

Kitchen design should make effective use of the available floor area while providing adequate circulation, access to appliances and practical working surfaces. In compact rooms, tall cabinets, pull-out storage, corner units and carefully sized cupboards can increase storage capacity without changing the building's footprint. Islands and peninsulas may provide additional worktop space or seating, but their dimensions and position should allow sufficient clearance for doors, drawers and movement around the kitchen.

The relationship between the sink, cooking area and refrigerator is an important consideration when planning a kitchen. Their positions should support convenient movement between preparation, cooking and cleaning activities without compromising accessibility or safety.

== Altering the floor plan ==

Removing a wall between a kitchen and an adjoining room can create a more open layout and improve the distribution of daylight. Before any wall is removed, its structural function must be established. A load-bearing wall may support floors, roof elements or other parts of the building, and its removal may require a suitably designed beam or other structural support.

Structural alterations should be assessed by a competent professional. Depending on the nature and location of the work, building regulations approval, a building warrant in Scotland or other statutory permissions may be required. The applicable requirements should be established before construction begins.

= Quality, safety and regulatory requirements =

Construction quality depends on appropriate materials, competent installation and inspection at relevant stages. Floors and walls should be prepared to the required tolerances before cabinets, worktops and finishes are installed. Plumbing connections should be tested for leaks, electrical installations should be inspected and tested, and appliances should be commissioned in accordance with the relevant requirements and manufacturers' instructions.

Electrical work must comply with the applicable electrical safety requirements. Gas work must be undertaken by appropriately qualified and registered gas engineers where registration is required. Structural work should follow the approved design, and any necessary building control inspections should take place at the appropriate stages.

The regulatory framework varies across the UK. In England and Wales, the relevant Building Regulations apply to qualifying building work; Scotland has a separate building standards system, including the building warrant process. Planning permission or other consent may also be necessary for certain extensions, external alterations or work to protected buildings. The requirements depend on the location and circumstances of the project.

Completion documentation should be collected where applicable. This may include electrical installation certificates, gas safety or commissioning records, building control or building standards documentation, appliance information and warranties.

= Project management and site care =

A clear programme, regular communication and effective site supervision can help keep a kitchen renovation on schedule. The programme should identify key activities, dependencies, delivery dates and any periods when water, electricity or cooking facilities will be unavailable. Changes to the design or the discovery of concealed defects may affect both the cost and the completion date, so procedures for approving variations should be agreed in advance.

Dust, noise and construction waste should be managed to minimise disruption to occupants and neighbouring properties. Protective coverings, suitable dust containment, safe storage and regular waste removal help maintain a safer working environment. Where the property remains occupied, temporary arrangements for food preparation and washing should be considered before work starts.

= Timescales and costs =

The duration and cost of a kitchen renovation depend on the size of the room, the extent of structural alterations, the condition of existing services, the specification of fittings and the availability of materials and trades. Replacing cabinets and finishes within an unchanged layout will generally involve less work than relocating services, removing structural walls or extending the building.

A written quotation should define the scope of work, materials, exclusions and payment arrangements. A programme should identify the anticipated start and completion dates, together with key milestones. An allowance for unforeseen work is advisable, particularly in older properties where defects may only become apparent after existing finishes have been removed.

= Conclusion =

Successful kitchen renovation depends on coordinated design, realistic programming, competent installation and appropriate quality checks. Establishing the scope of work before demolition, confirming regulatory requirements and coordinating specialist trades can reduce delays and help prevent costly mistakes. The contractor's responsibilities, the project budget and the arrangements for inspecting and documenting completed work should be clearly established before construction begins.

= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

* How to design a kitchen
* Designing a small kitchen
* Fitted kitchen
* Refurbishment
* Major renovation works
* Alterations to existing buildings
* Building regulations
* Building control - regulations and procedures
* Approved Document P
* Rewiring

[[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Client_procedures]] [[Category:Construction_management]] [[Category:People]]

Glass-fibre facers for building boards

2026-10-15T05:56:05Z

Designing Buildings: Reverted edits by Grechofacer (talk) to last revision by Designing Buildings

== Introduction ==

A glass-fibre facer is a facing layer incorporated into a building board or panel. It is distinct from the board core and from the complete installed building element. Depending on its construction and intended use, a facer can provide a surface for finishing, an interface with the core, or a contribution to handling and other product requirements.

Glass-fibre mats are used as facers for applications including gypsum boards, ceiling products and mineral-wool or foam insulation products. Glass fibre is also used in a range of other construction materials and applications.

The term facer describes the role of the material rather than providing a complete material specification. Two materials used for facing applications may differ in fibre arrangement, binder, coating, reinforcement and surface treatment. The material description therefore needs to be considered alongside its construction and intended application.

== Material forms and terminology ==

A nonwoven glass mat consists of glass fibres held together without being woven into a regular fabric. In board-facing applications, terms such as glass mat, glass veil and glass nonwoven may be used. These descriptions do not establish that products with different constructions are interchangeable.

A coated glass mat incorporates an additional surface treatment or coating. The nature of the coating and its purpose can vary according to the application. A woven glass fabric, open reinforcement and nonwoven mat should not be treated as equivalent simply because each contains glass fibre. A specification should identify the substrate and any additional layers and, where relevant, the surface intended to contact the board core, adhesive or finish.

There is also an important distinction between a facer and a glass-mat-faced board. A facer is a material layer, whereas a faced board is a manufactured product incorporating a core and one or more facings. The specification or classification of a finished board cannot automatically be applied to an unfixed roll of facer, or vice versa.

== Functions in different board applications ==

=== Gypsum boards ===

Glass mats can be used on the front and back of gypsum boards. The facer may contribute to bonding with the core and to the manufacturing process, including interaction with gypsum slurry and drying conditions.

The suitability of a particular facer depends on the board construction and manufacturing conditions for which it is selected. Evaluation should therefore identify the intended gypsum-board product, the required interface with the core and the relevant process conditions. Describing a material simply as a gypsum facer does not establish compatibility with every board formulation or manufacturing process.

=== Acoustic ceiling and wall products ===

In ceiling and wall products, a glass-fibre facing can form the visible surface and contribute to characteristics of the finished product. Its performance therefore needs to be considered in relation to the complete acoustic construction rather than solely as a decorative layer.

Airflow-related material data should not be confused with sound-absorption performance. Airflow resistance is a property associated with the movement of air through a porous material, whereas sound absorption is assessed using different measurement methods and depends on the construction in which the material is incorporated. A facer name, colour or nominal mass per unit area does not establish a sound-absorption coefficient for a finished ceiling or wall panel.

For specification purposes, acoustic evidence should identify the tested product and construction arrangement and the method used to obtain the reported result.

=== Mineral-wool and rigid-foam insulation ===

Glass-fibre facers are also used with mineral-wool and foam insulation products. Requirements may include adhesion to the insulation core, dimensional stability during lamination and controlled interaction between the facer and other layers.

Such requirements relate to particular material and process combinations and should not be assumed to apply to every faced insulation product. Material-process suitability should therefore be distinguished from the in-service performance requirements of the finished product. A successful lamination trial provides evidence for the conditions tested, but does not by itself demonstrate all the moisture, mechanical, fire or other performance characteristics required of the finished product.

== Information needed for material selection ==

A useful facer specification links the material description to the function it is expected to perform. The following is an evaluation checklist rather than a universal set of acceptance criteria.

{|
| Specification area
| Information to record
|-
| Material identity
| Product designation, version, substrate, coating or composite construction and relevant lot reference
|-
| Geometry and supply form
| Agreed width, roll dimensions and applicable tolerances
|-
| Surface and interface
| Visible finish, coating condition and contact side where relevant
|-
| Mechanical data
| Property measured, specimen dimensions, test method, conditioning and test direction
|-
| Airflow or vapour data
| Specific transport property, test method, unit, conditions and tested layer or product
|-
| Process evaluation
| Intended core or adhesive, trial conditions, observations and acceptance responsibility
|-
| End-use evidence
| Reports and classifications applicable to the actual board, panel or installed arrangement
|}

Mass per unit area can help identify a material, but does not describe its complete construction. Comparing two facers solely because they have the same nominal mass can overlook differences in substrate, coating, fibre arrangement and other characteristics.

Where mechanical test results distinguish machine direction and cross direction, those designations should be retained and the specimen orientation established. A directional tensile result should not be used as evidence of airflow or water-vapour behaviour. The test configuration and property being measured should be established before numerical results are compared.

== Performance evidence and its limits ==

An air-permeability measurement describes airflow through the tested specimen under specified conditions. Water-vapour transmission testing concerns a different transport process and should not be treated as a measurement of air leakage.

Fire-performance classifications also need to be considered in their proper context. EN 13501-1 provides a system for classifying the reaction to fire of construction products using specified test data and considering their intended end use. A classification therefore needs to be read alongside the product description and the scope of the relevant classification. It should not be assumed to transfer automatically to another board incorporating a similar-looking facing.

The same principle applies to claims concerning moisture resistance, durability and cleanability. The relevant exposure, test method and product should be identified. The presence of glass fibre alone is not sufficient evidence for an unrestricted performance claim.

A technical data sheet, laboratory report and application-trial record serve different purposes. They should be considered together without treating one type of evidence as proof of characteristics that it was not designed to establish. Typical or indicative data should not be converted into a guaranteed acceptance limit unless that limit has been specifically agreed.

== Receipt, trial records and substitution ==

Before a roll of facer is used in a manufacturing trial, the receiving record should identify the material and its condition. Useful observations can include packaging, roll identification, edges, winding, visible surface condition and the applicable document version.

The subsequent trial record should connect these observations with the board construction, process conditions and outcome. This can help distinguish a material change from a process change rather than attributing every difference to the facer.

A proposed substitute should be assessed against the functions and evidence required by the existing specification. Similar appearance, nominal weight or generic material terminology does not demonstrate equivalence.

Any decision to accept a change should identify the properties that have been compared, the application conditions that have been checked and the end-use evidence that remains applicable.

== Specification principle ==

A glass-fibre facer should be specified as an identified layer performing defined functions within a particular product. Selection is most reliable when the material description, processing requirements and end-use evidence remain connected, while the facer, finished board and installed assembly remain clearly distinguished.

= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

* Glass fibre
* Glass wool blanket
* Glass wool v reflective foil insulation
* Glass reinforced concrete
* Glass reinforced plastic GRP
* Types of cladding
* Types of cladding index
* Glass for buildings

[[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]