Designing Buildings - User contributions [en]

User:Business Sprinkler Alliance

2018-01-09T06:20:28Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance:

[[File:Bsalogo.png|199px|link=http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/]]

The [http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/ Business Sprinkler Alliance] (BSA) is a coalition organisation established in 2010 to increase the number of businesses that have fire sprinklers fitted in their premises.

The BSA advocates greater resilience on the part of businesses, driving a culture change that means sprinklers are accepted as standard for commercial and industrial premises in the UK.

BSA aims to:

* Deliver robust information and insight into the benefits of fire sprinklers and the critical importance of fire prevention.
* Increase consideration of fire sprinklers by those who design, construct and approve new business buildings.
* Ensure business decision makers appreciate the role that fire sprinklers can play in physical and commercial resilience.
* Continue dialogue with regulators and legislators to review existing evidence and law, supporting the sprinkler case.
* Drive widespread awareness of fire sprinklers to effect a culture change for their acceptance and adoption.

The founding members of BSA include:

* National Fire Chiefs Council (NFCC).
* National Fire Sprinkler Network (NFSN).
* European Fire Sprinkler Network (EFSN).
* Fire Protection Association (FPA).
* British Automatic Fire Sprinkler Association (BAFSA).
* FM Global.

A series of articles have been published on Designing Buildings Wiki, extracted from [http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/publications/impact-automatic-sprinklers-building-design-wsp/ The impact of automatic sprinklers on building design], an independent report produced by WSP, sponsored by the Business Sprinkler Alliance (BSA) and published in September 2017:

* [[BS_9999_Automatic_sprinkler_design_compensation_benefits|BS 9999 Automatic sprinkler design compensation benefits]].
* [[Case_study_A_for_offices_to_show_where_automatic_sprinklers_have_the_greatest_impact|‎Case study A for offices to show where automatic sprinklers have the greatest impact]].
* [[Case_study_B_for_offices_to_show_where_automatic_sprinklers_have_the_greatest_impact|Case study B for offices to show where automatic sprinklers have the greatest impact]].
* [[Costs_of_water_automatic_sprinkler_systems|Costs of water automatic sprinkler systems]].
* [[Design_benefits_of_automatic_sprinkler_systems_granted_under_approved_document_B|Design benefits of automatic sprinkler systems granted under approved document B]].
* [[Overview_of_automatic_sprinkler_system_design_and_operation|Overview of automatic sprinkler system design and operation]].
* [[The_cost_efficiency_of_different_combinations_of_fire_protection_measures|The cost efficiency of different combinations of fire protection measures]].
* [[The_impact_of_automatic_sprinklers_on_building_design|The impact of automatic sprinklers on building design]].

Design benefits of automatic sprinkler systems granted under approved document B

2017-12-26T16:27:17Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance:

User:Business Sprinkler Alliance

2017-12-26T16:26:42Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance:

[[File:Bsalogo.png|199px|link=http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/]]

The [http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/ Business Sprinkler Alliance] (BSA) is a coalition organisation established in 2010 to increase the number of businesses that have fire sprinklers fitted in their premises.

Sprinkler systems extinguish or control fires by discharging water locally. They consist of a water supply (tank, pump and valves) and a sprinkler installation (pipes and heads). Detection is handled mechanically by heat sensitive elements that can be constructed from soldered links or glass bulbs containing oil based liquids. The thermal element holds in place a plug which prevents water from flowing from the sprinkler head. The thermal elements respond to localised heating which releases the plug and allows water to flow.

The BSA advocates greater resilience on the part of businesses, driving a culture change that means sprinklers are accepted as standard for commercial and industrial premises in the UK.

BSA aims to:

* Deliver robust information and insight into the benefits of fire sprinklers and the critical importance of fire prevention.
* Increase consideration of fire sprinklers by those who design, construct and approve new business buildings.
* Ensure business decision makers appreciate the role that fire sprinklers can play in physical and commercial resilience.
* Continue dialogue with regulators and legislators to review existing evidence and law, supporting the sprinkler case.
* Drive widespread awareness of fire sprinklers to effect a culture change for their acceptance and adoption.

The founding members of BSA include:

* National Fire Chiefs Council (NFCC).
* National Fire Sprinkler Network (NFSN).
* European Fire Sprinkler Network (EFSN).
* Fire Protection Association (FPA).
* British Automatic Fire Sprinkler Association (BAFSA).
* FM Global.

Articles by BSA on Designing Buildings Wiki include:

* [[BS_9999_Automatic_sprinkler_design_compensation_benefits|BS 9999 Automatic sprinkler design compensation benefits]].
* [[Case_study_A_for_offices_to_show_where_automatic_sprinklers_have_the_greatest_impact|‎Case study A for offices to show where automatic sprinklers have the greatest impact]].
* [[Case_study_B_for_offices_to_show_where_automatic_sprinklers_have_the_greatest_impact|Case study B for offices to show where automatic sprinklers have the greatest impact]].
* [[Costs_of_water_automatic_sprinkler_systems|Costs of water automatic sprinkler systems]].
* [[Design_benefits_of_automatic_sprinkler_systems_granted_under_approved_document_B|Design benefits of automatic sprinkler systems granted under approved document B]].
* [[Overview_of_automatic_sprinkler_system_design_and_operation|Overview of automatic sprinkler system design and operation]].
* [[The_cost_efficiency_of_different_combinations_of_fire_protection_measures|The cost efficiency of different combinations of fire protection measures]].
* [[The_impact_of_automatic_sprinklers_on_building_design|The impact of automatic sprinklers on building design]].

Costs of water automatic sprinkler systems

2017-11-28T09:13:09Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance:

The impact of automatic sprinklers on building design

2017-11-28T09:11:34Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance:

[http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/publications/impact-automatic-sprinklers-building-design-wsp/ The Impact of Automatic Sprinklers on Building Design: A fire engineering review], is an independent report produced by WSP, sponsored by the [[Business_Sprinkler_Alliance|Business Sprinkler Alliance]] (BSA). It was published in September 2017.

[[File:The_impact_of_automatic_sprinklers_on_building_design_2.jpg|link=http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/publications/impact-automatic-sprinklers-building-design-wsp/]]

The report aims to raise awareness of the beneficial impact of automatic sprinkler systems, and provides those involved in the design and construction supply chain with useful information about design implications. It gives the reader an appreciation of whether the inclusion of automatic sprinklers for a particular scheme is worthy of further consideration.

Automatic sprinkler systems extinguish or control fires by discharging water locally. Sprinkler systems consists of water supply (tank, pump and valves) and sprinkler installation (pipes and heads). Detection is handled mechanically by heat sensitive elements that can be constructed from soldered links or glass bulbs containing oil based liquids. The thermal element holds in place a plug which prevents water from flowing from the sprinkler head. The thermal elements respond to localised heating which releases the plug and allows water to flow.

Key facts about operation include:

* Automatic sprinklers will typically only operate in areas where fire is present allowing adjacent rooms or areas to remain unaffected.
* Discharge in the presence of fire is extremely reliable (98 to 99.8%) and discharge in the absence of fire is rare.
* Sprinklers have an 80-95% probability of being successful.
* Generally cost and design complexity increases with fire risk.
* Systems can be designed to conceal pipes, and the availability of decorative sprinkler heads allows them to be matched with the interior of the space.

The installation of an automatic sprinkler system can reduce the risk to life and the degree of damage caused in a fire event. As a result, it may be possible to reduce other fire protection measures.

The report focuses on the commercial and design impacts of automatic sprinklers rather than fire safety, exploring the ways automatic sprinklers can add value to building design, including:

* Net capital cost savings.
* Increasing the net internal area / building efficiency.
* Improving design flexibility and creating architectural freedom.
* Reducing the construction programme and/or simplifying site works.

Automatic sprinklers can permit:

* Larger compartment sizes.
* Reduced structural fire protection requirements.
* Increased travel distances leading to possible design freedoms such as the removal of stairs.
* Reduction in fire-fighting shafts.
* Reduced circulation areas leading to increased useable area.

The report supports the view that automatic sprinklers should be considered early in the design process and dispels myths about cost and design freedom. It provides an introduction to sprinklers, an overview of design and operation, and considers areas of design impact, fire protection costs and commercial applications for offices.

The first section of the report discusses concessions allowed by standard fire safety guidance for a variety of building types if automatic sprinklers are incorporated. The second section provides a review of office building types and key objectives relevant to them.

You can access a copy of the report at: [http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/publications/impact-automatic-sprinklers-building-design-wsp/ http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/publications/impact-automatic-sprinklers-building-design-wsp/]

--[[User:Business_Sprinkler_Alliance|Business Sprinkler Alliance]]

= Find out more =

=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===

* Automatic fire sprinkler systems: A good practice guide.
* Business Sprinkler Alliance.
* Case study A for offices to show where automatic sprinklers have the greatest impact.
* Case study B for offices to show where automatic sprinklers have the greatest impact.
* Costs of water automatic sprinkler systems.
* Design benefits of automatic sprinkler systems granted under approved document B.
* Drenchers.
* Fire detection and alarm system.
* Fire detector.
* Fire in buildings.
* Fire protection engineering.
* Fire safety design.
* Overview of automatic sprinkler system design and operation.
* Sprinklers.
* Sprinkler systems explained: A guide to sprinkler installation standards and rules.
* The cost efficiency of different combinations of fire protection measures.
* Watermist systems for fire protection in domestic and residential buildings DG 534.

[[Category:Publications_/_reports]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Health_and_safety_/_CDM]] [[Category:Regulations]] [[Category:Cost_/_business_planning]] [[Category:Design]]

The cost efficiency of different combinations of fire protection measures

2017-11-28T09:11:23Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance:

This article was originally published as part of [http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/publications/impact-automatic-sprinklers-building-design-wsp/ The impact of automatic sprinklers on building design], an independent report produced by WSP, sponsored by the Business Sprinkler Alliance (BSA), published in September 2017.

= Introduction =

This article provides background information on the pricing used within this document to determine the cost efficiency of different combinations of fire protection measures. It has been compiled based on our knowledge of building design with support provided by a qualified quantity surveyor to ensure a reasonable level of reliability in the figures quoted. The main references used here are Spon’s price books and the figures should be seen as indicative. Variations will occur for local reasons (e.g. central location means difficult access and parking) and, regional variations to building costs quoted here are estimated to be between +6% (in central London) and -10% (in Wales).

To enable comparison between different fire protection measures and the impact of different design features, costs are typically converted to a unit cost per m2 of floor area.

Further financial savings through reduced insurance premiums may also be realised although they are not considered further in this report.

= Costs of water automatic sprinkler systems =

An approximate estimate of installing automatic sprinkler systems to establish viability is given as follows:

* Sprinkler infrastructure: equipment installation, pipework, valve sets, booster pumps and water storage = £60,000 - £80,000
* Price per sprinkler head; including pipework valves and supports = £180 per head

Whilst the infrastructure cost (£60,000-£80,000) does vary depending on the building size, it only does so in a minor fashion due to fact that automatic sprinklers are designed to operate a fixed number of heads independent of floor area. Therefore as the building grows in size, the cost associated with the infrastructure does not vary significantly. This means that the cost efficiency of automatic sprinklers generally increases with building size.

The number of sprinkler heads required varies depending principally on the type of risk to be protected (i.e. category of building type) and layout. For most building types, automatic sprinklers are orientated on a 4m x 3m ceiling grid which gives 1 sprinkler head per 12m2 but as noted above, that is an ideal situation and further heads will be required to suit internal partitions and different building footprints. Therefore 15% has been added to the above figure to give a £/m2:

* £180 per head;
* 3m x 4m coverage from a single head;
* 15% layout allowance.
* Total = £17.25/m2 GIA [6] + Sprinkler infrastructure (£70,000)

Other factors may influence the area of coverage such as whether a building has deep ceiling voids which may need protection or sterile areas such as stairs and toilets that may not.

For a comparison the rates shown in Table 5-1 are “Shell and Core” costs for installing automatic sprinkler systems (including the water supply) for Offices with GIA between 3,000 – 15,000 m2 and hotels (2 to 5 stars). These rates highlight the variability in costs between building types.

== Table 5-1: Generic pricing – sprinkler system installation ==

{|
|width="33%"|Building use
|width="33%"|Installed as part of building shell
Rate /m2
|width="33%"|Installed as part of building fit-out
Rate /m2
|-
|Office – central London
|£16.37
|£21.21
|-
|Office – regional (average)
|£14.73
|£19.08
|-
|Warehouse ( fitted racking installed)
|£42.32
|n/a
|-
|Hotels (2 – 5*)
|£20 – 30
|n/a
|}

To ensure these generic rates shown above (Table 5-1) are reasonable, specific cases of cost analyses provided by Spon’s price book (shown in Table 5-2) are reviewed;

# Installing a sprinkler system in the office building example shown in Table 5-2 costs £316k and averages to £16.37/m2 GIA. This rate is within the generic ranges quoted earlier (i.e. £17.25/m2 + £70k and £15-20/m2).
# In another example, the costs of providing automatic sprinkler system and dry risers to a 4* hotel were £596k and averaging to £36.12/m2. In order to compare this figure (£36.12/m2) with £20-30/m2 from Table 5-1 the cost of dry risers has to be discounted leaving the rate as £26.12/m2. This rate £26.12/m2 falls almost in the middle of the generic price range shown in Table 5-1 and confidence can be placed in the values presented.

These examples demonstrate that the actual cost of installing automatic sprinkler system for each building depends on many factors, however the rates quoted in Table 5-1 can be used as a guide for estimating costs based on GIA.

== Table 5-2: Real examples of installing sprinkler system costs in different types of buildings ==

{|
|
Case study

|
Total Sprinkler Cost

|
Cost / m2 GIA

|-
|
Office building located in Central London, 15 floors, GIA = 19,300 m2

|
£316,000

|
£16.37/m2

|-
|
4* Hotel, 200 bedrooms, located in Central London, 10 floors, GIA = 16,500 m2

|
(inc. dry risers) = £596,000

|
(inc. dry risers) =

£36.12/m2

|-
|
Airport terminal building located in the South East, GIA= 25,000 m2

|
£790,000

|
£31.60/m2

|-
| colspan="3" |
Shopping mall located in the South East comprised;

|-
|
Two storey retail area, GIA = 33,000 m2

|
£415,000

|
£12.57/m2

|-
|
Covered car park, GIA = 13,000 m2

|
£270,000

|
£20.76/m2

|-
|
Distribution centre (Warehouse), located in outer London, GIA = 75,000 m2 (inc. refrigerator area GIA=17,500m2)

|
(inc. racking protection)= £3,174,000

|
£42.32/m2

|}
= Costs of dry risers =

The incorporation of automatic sprinklers into building design can be used to justify a reduction in the number of dry risers required in a building. All-in rates for approximate estimates of installing dry risers are as follows:

* 100mm dry riser + 2-way breeching valve and box (65mm landing valve + padlock + leather strap + automatic air vent + drain valve) = £1,500 per landing

The number of risers required depends on the layout of the building, as the minimum requirement is reported as “reach” from the dry riser outlet to completely cover the floor plate.

Different estimates for costing the installation of dry risers per GIA for offices and hotels are also quoted in Spon’s (see table 5-3). If an automatic sprinkler system is installed, a reduction of the number of dry risers by up to 33% (based on the 33% increase in reach from 45m to 60m) is theoretically possible. This is tabulated below.

== Table 5-3: Generic pricing – “Shell and Core” installation of dry risers ==

{|
|width="33%"|Building type
|width="33%"|Dry risers cost
£/m2 GIA
|width="33%"|Potential savings
£/m2 GIA
|-
|Offices (3,000 – 15,000 m2)
|3 – 5
|1
|-
|Hotels
|8 – 12
|2-4
|}

= Costs of staircases =

One of the impacts of incorporating automatic sprinkler systems on the capital cost is to use the increased fire protection offered to look at the possible removal of escape staircases. The cost associated with constructing a staircase in an office building in central London with 13 floors is estimated at £200k with an average of c. £15k per floor. Stairs may also require secondary fire protection measures such as fire-rated lobbies and smoke ventilation systems. An example of the latter is a stair pressurisation system for which a rate of £6/m2 GIA is applicable.

= Costs of glazing =

Prices for fitting different types of glazing internally for compartmentation purposes (inclusive of labour costs) are as follows:

* 60min fire-resisting glazing = £600/m2
* 30min fire-resisting glazing = £426/m2
* Standard non-fire-resisting glazing = £40/m2

The above prices are for glass that can be used within the building interior, i.e. protected corridors, atriums etc. For external glazing, a self-conducted market survey yielded the following for rates for fire-rated façade systems. These have additions such as fire treatment on the glass itself, increased robustness of the frame and intumescent sealing of the edges:

* Non-FR glazed façade (£500/m2 – £700/m2)
* 30-min FR glazed façade (£900/m2 – £1,000/m2)
* 60-min FR glazed façade (£1,600/m2 – £1,800/m2)
* 90-min FR glazed façade (£2,000/m2 – £2,400/m2)
* 120-min FR glazed façade (£3,000/m2 – £3,400/m2)

= Costs of structural fire protection =

Prices for providing fire protection to steel structures expressed as cost per m2 rate of surface area of the steel:

Spray

* 60min-FR range (£8.55/m2 – £12.30/m2)
* 90min-FR range (£14.30/m2 – £20.00/m2)

Intumescent coating

* 30min-FR range (£8.70/m2 – £11.10/m2)
* 60min-FR range (£11/m2 – £23.50/m2)
* 90min-FR range (£32/m2 – £39/m2)
* 120min-FR range (£48/m2 – £59/m2)

FR boarding

* 30min-FR range (£29/m2 – £45.50/m2)
* 60min-FR range (£41/m2 – £62/m2)

This can be converted (approximately) to a more practical rate per floor area. Typical steel structure in buildings is 50 kg/m2 GIA (gross internal floor area). Typical steel mass per surface area in a structural element is 40 kg/m2. Therefore a price in (£ per painted surface area) can be converted to the conventional cost unit of £/m2 GIA;

£/m2 GIA = (£/m2 surface area) x (50 kg/m2 GIA) ÷ (40 kg/m2 surface area)

Spray

* 60min-FR range (£10.69/m2 GIA – £15.38/m2 GIA)
* 90min-FR range (£17.88/m2 GIA – £25.00/m2 GIA)

Intumescent coating

* 30min-FR range (£10.88/m2 GIA – £13.88/m2 GIA)
* 60min-FR range (£13.75/m2 GIA – £29.38/m2 GIA)
* 90min-FR range (£40/m2 GIA – £48.75/m2 GIA)
* 120min-FR range (£60/m2 GIA – £73.75/m2 GIA)

FR boarding

* 30min-FR range (£36.25/m2 GIA – £56.88/m2 GIA)
* 60min-FR range (£51.25/m2 GIA – £77.5/m2 GIA)

= Summary of capital costs =

{|
|Total cost of sprinkler system installation (ordinary hazard classification)
|= £70k + (GIA x £17.25/m2)
|-
|Total cost of dry risers
|= £1,500 x number of floors x number of risers
|-
|Cost of a staircase
|= £15k x number of floors x number of staircases
|}

Total cost of façade glazing per façade area:

* Non-FR glazed façade (£500/m2 – £700/m2)
* 30-min FR glazed façade (£900/m2 – £1,000/m2)
* 60-min FR glazed façade (£1,600/m2 – £1,800/m2)
* 90-min FR glazed façade (£2,000/m2 – £2,400/m2)
* 120-min FR glazed façade (£3,000/m2 – £3,400/m2)

== Table 5-4 Cost of sprinklers vs. potential savings ==

{|
| colspan="2" |
Sprinkler system cost (OH) = £70k + (GIA x £17.25)

|-
| colspan="2" |
Potential savings on

|-
|
Dry risers

|
= £1-3/m2 GIA

|-
|
Staircases

|
= £15k/floor/staircase removed

|-
|
Façade FR glazing system

|
= up to £2,700/m2 x wall area

|-
|
Structure FP

|
= £10.88-77.50/m2 GIA

|}
= Lifecycle costs =

The values given above are those associated with capital costs. The lifecycle cost associated with each measure varies although it should be factored in when considering the lifespan of a building. For this report, lifecycle costs are not explicitly considered because they will be project-specific and complex to estimate.

= References =

[6] Gross Internal Area that includes; all areas occupied by internal walls and open-sided covered areas, but excludes; open balconies, open fire escapes, and open-sided covered ways. It is the total floor area of all storeys, not the building footprint area.

Find out more at: [http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/publications/impact-automatic-sprinklers-building-design-wsp/ The impact of automatic sprinklers on building design].

--[[User:Business_Sprinkler_Alliance|Business Sprinkler Alliance]]

= Find out more =

=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===

* Automatic fire sprinkler systems: A good practice guide.
* Automatic sprinkler system design and operation.
* Business Sprinkler Alliance.
* Case study A for offices to show where automatic sprinklers have the greatest impact.
* Case study B for offices to show where automatic sprinklers have the greatest impact.
* Costs of water automatic sprinkler systems.
* Design benefits of automatic sprinkler systems granted under approved document B
* Drenchers.
* Fire detection and alarm system.
* Fire detector.
* Fire in buildings.
* Fire protection engineering.
* Fire safety design.
* Overview of automatic sprinkler system design and operation
* Sprinkler systems explained: A guide to sprinkler installation standards and rules.
* Sprinklers.
* The impact of automatic sprinklers on building design.
* Watermist systems for fire protection in domestic and residential buildings DG 534.

[[Category:Health_and_safety_/_CDM]] [[Category:Regulations]] [[Category:Cost_/_business_planning]] [[Category:Design]]

Sprinkler

2017-11-28T09:11:11Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance:

Buildings should be designed to offer an acceptable level of fire safety and to minimise risks from heat and smoke.

The objective is to reduce to acceptable levels the potential for death or injury to the occupants of a building and others who may become involved, such as the fire and rescue service, as well as to protect contents and ensure that as much as possible of a building can continue to function after a fire. The risk to adjoining properties also needs to be considered, as well as possible environmental pollution.

The main design options for ensuring fire safety are:

* Prevention: Controlling ignition and fuel sources so that fires do not start.
* Communications: If ignition occurs, ensuring occupants are informed and any active fire systems are triggered.
* Escape: Ensuring that occupants of buildings and surrounding areas are able to move to places of safety.
* Containment: Containing fire to the smallest possible area, limiting the amount of property likely to be damaged and the threat to life safety.
* Extinguishment: Ensuring that fire can be extinguished quickly and with minimum consequential damage.

Sprinklers are designed to extinguish small fires or contain growing fires until the fire and rescue service arrives.

Part B of the building regulations requires the installation of sprinklers under certain circumstances, such as new residential blocks of more than 30m in height and uncompartmented areas of shops or self storage buildings of more than 2000 square metres. They can also be used as a compensatory feature to address a specific fire hazard.

Sprinkler systems distribute water to sprinkler heads which spray water into spaces as required. They are a well-established technology and have demonstrated their reliability and effectiveness in protecting life and property over a long period.

It is thought that the oldest sprinkler system in Britain was fitted in 1812 in the Theatre Royal on Drury Lane. Traditionally, sprinkler systems have been used in commercial and industrial properties, but they are now available for a wide range of applications, including domestic buildings. More than 40 million sprinklers are fitted world-wide each year (Ref [http://www.bafsa.org.uk/sprinkler-information/sprinkler-facts.php British Automatic Fire Sprinkler Association]).

The British Automatic Fire Sprinkler Association suggest that losses from fires in buildings protected by sprinklers are one tenth of those in unprotected buildings.

Individual sprinklers operate when activated by their own heat detector, and then spray water onto the fire. They typically cover an area of 9 sq. m. They can be placed within occupied spaces, or in concealed spaces such as floor ducts to prevent fires from growing unnoticed.

Sprinkler systems can be:

* Wet installations.
* Alternate wet and dry installations.
* Dry installations.
* Tail-end alternate systems.
* Pre-action installations.
* Deluge installations.
* System zones.

Sprinklers themselves can be:

* Conventional and spray type sprinklers.
* Ceiling, recessed and concealed type sprinklers.
* Side wall type sprinklers.
* Early Suppression Fast Response (ESFR) sprinklers.
* Enhanced Protection Extended Coverage (EPEC) sprinklers.

According to The Impact of Automatic Sprinklers on Building Design, an independent report produced by WSP, sponsored by the Business Sprinkler Alliance (BSA), automatic sprinklers:

* Typically only operate in areas where fire is present allowing adjacent rooms or areas to remain unaffected.
* Reliability of discharge in the presence of fire is 98 to 99.8%, and discharge in the absence of fire is rare.
* Have an 80-95% probability of being successful.
* Can be designed to conceal pipes, and the availability of decorative sprinkler heads allows them to be matched with the interior of the space.

= Find out more =

=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===

* Automatic fire sprinkler systems: A good practice guide.
* Business Sprinkler Alliance.
* Case study A for offices to show where automatic sprinklers have the greatest impact.
* Costs of water automatic sprinkler systems.
* Design benefits of automatic sprinkler systems granted under approved document B.
* Drenchers.
* Fire detection and alarm system.
* Fire detector.
* Fire in buildings.
* Fire protection engineering.
* Fire safety design.
* Overview of automatic sprinkler system design and operation.
* Sprinkler systems explained: A guide to sprinkler installation standards and rules.
* The cost efficiency of different combinations of fire protection measures.
* The impact of automatic sprinklers on building design.
* Watermist systems for fire protection in domestic and residential buildings DG 534.

[[Category:Health_and_safety_/_CDM]] [[Category:Regulations]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Sprinkler systems explained: A guide to sprinkler installation standards and rules

2017-11-28T09:10:58Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance:

BRE is an independent, research-based consultancy, testing and training organisation, operating in the built environment and associated industries. Its activities include; consultancy, research and innovation, testing, certification, approvals, training, events and accreditation.

On 17 June 2009, BRE published [https://www.brebookshop.com/details.jsp?id=325131 Sprinkler systems explained: A guide to sprinkler installation standards and rules].

[[File:Sprinkler_systems_explained.jpg|link=https://www.brebookshop.com/details.jsp?id=325131]]

Sprinkler systems distribute water to sprinklers which spray water into spaces, providing active fire protection. They are a well-established technology and have demonstrated their reliability and effectiveness in protecting life and property. Traditionally they have mainly been used in commercial and industrial properties, but they are now available for a wide range of applications, including domestic buildings.

They are designed and installed:

* To meet building control or other statutory requirements.
* To meet insurers’ requirements.
* To meet the risk management requirements of a business or property.

Sprinkler systems can be:

* Wet installations.
* Alternate wet and dry installations.
* Dry installations.
* Tail-end alternate systems.
* Pre-action installations.
* Deluge installations.
* System zones.

Sprinklers themselves can be:

* Conventional and spray type sprinklers.
* Ceiling, recessed and concealed type sprinklers.
* Side wall type sprinklers.
* Early Suppression Fast Response (ESFR) sprinklers.
* Enhanced Protection Extended Coverage (EPEC) sprinklers.

The standards for designing and installing sprinkler systems are sometimes seen as excessive and inflexible, but the history of real fire events on which the standards have been based should not be ignored.

BRE's 48 page report provides an aid to understanding fire sprinkler installations and the Loss Prevention Council's (LPCs) Rules to which they are designed. It explains the engineering behind the rules and regulations and some common misunderstandings about sprinkler systems.

The contents of the report include:

* Foreword.
* Introduction.
* How a sprinkler system works and what it is expected to do.
* Why sprinklers are installed.
* Extent of sprinkler protection.
* Hazard classification.
* Special classes of sprinkler system.
* Types of sprinkler system and controls installations.
* Water supplies.
* Sprinkler types.
* Pipework arrangements.
* Interaction with detection and alarm systems.
* Other design standards.
* Installers and installation.
* Service and maintenance.
* Changes of use.
* Approvals.
* References.
* Watermist systems for fire protection in domestic and residential buildings DG 534.

See also: Automatic fire sprinkler systems: A good practice guide.

--[[User:BRE_Group|BRE Group]]

= Find out more =

=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===

* Automatic fire sprinkler systems: A good practice guide
* BRE articles on Designing Buildings Wiki.
* Case study A for offices to show where automatic sprinklers have the greatest impact.
* Costs of water automatic sprinkler systems.
* Design benefits of automatic sprinkler systems granted under approved document B.
* Embedded security: Procuring an effective facility protective security system.
* Fire detection and alarm systems.
* Fire performance of external thermal insulation for walls of multistorey buildings, third edition (BR 135).
* Overview of automatic sprinkler system design and operation.
* Sprinkler.
* The cost efficiency of different combinations of fire protection measures.
* The impact of automatic sprinklers on building design.

[[Category:Publications_/_reports]]

Design benefits of automatic sprinkler systems granted under approved document B

2017-11-28T09:10:18Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance:

Case study B for offices to show where automatic sprinklers have the greatest impact

2017-11-28T09:10:01Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance:

Case study A for offices to show where automatic sprinklers have the greatest impact

2017-11-28T09:09:44Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance:

Automatic fire sprinkler systems: A good practice guide

2017-11-28T09:09:26Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance:

BRE is an independent, research-based consultancy, testing and training organisation, operating in the built environment and associated industries. Its activities include; consultancy, research and innovation, testing, certification, approvals, training, events and accreditation.

[https://www.brebookshop.com/details.jsp?id=325133 Automatic fire sprinkler systems: A good practice guide] was published by BRE on 10 June 2009. It was written by C Williams.

[[File:Automatic_fire_sprinkler_systems.jpg|link=https://www.brebookshop.com/details.jsp?id=325133]]

Sprinkler systems distribute water to sprinklers which spray water into spaces, providing active fire protection. They are a well-established technology and have demonstrated their reliability and effectiveness in protecting life and property. Traditionally they have mainly been used in commercial and industrial properties, but they are now available for a wide range of applications, including domestic buildings.

They are designed and installed:

* To meet building control or other statutory requirements.
* To meet insurers’ requirements.
* To meet the risk management requirements of a business or property.

The 48 page guide provides good practice guidance on designing, installing, commissioning and maintaining sprinkler systems so they fulfil their purpose in the event of a fire.

It covers a range of issues related to automatic sprinkler systems, including; UK standards, design, installation and maintenance of existing and novel products. Appendices provide statistics about the incidence of real fires and the role of sprinklers in controlling them.

The contents of the guide include:

* 1 Introduction.
* 2 Background.
* 3 What is an automatic sprinkler system?
* 4 Benefits of automatic sprinkler systems.
* 5 Standards.
* 6 Stages in the lifecycle of automatic sprinkler systems.
* 7 Limitations of automatic sprinkler systems.
* 8 Potential problems with automatic sprinkler systems.
* 9 How to avoid potential problems with automatic sprinkler systems.
* 10 Conclusions and recommendations.

See also: Sprinkler systems explained: A guide to sprinkler installation standards and rules.

--[[User:BRE_Group|BRE Group]]

= Find out more =

=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===

* Access control.
* Approved document Q.
* BRE articles on Designing Buildings Wiki.
* Case study A for offices to show where automatic sprinklers have the greatest impact.
* Costs of water automatic sprinkler systems.
* Design benefits of automatic sprinkler systems granted under approved document B.
* Embedded security: Procuring an effective facility protective security system.
* Fire in buildings.
* Fire detection and alarm systems.
* Fire performance of external thermal insulation for walls of multistorey buildings, third edition (BR 135).
* Overview of automatic sprinkler system design and operation.
* PAS 1192-5:2015 Specification for security-minded building information modelling, digital built environments and smart asset management
* Sprinkler.
* Sprinkler systems explained: A guide to sprinkler installation standards and rules.
* The cost efficiency of different combinations of fire protection measures.
* The impact of automatic sprinklers on building design.
* Understanding the factors affecting flashover of a fire in modern buildings.

[[Category:Publications_/_reports]]

Overview of automatic sprinkler system design and operation

2017-11-28T09:09:12Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance:

Costs of water automatic sprinkler systems

2017-11-28T09:07:39Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance:

User:Business Sprinkler Alliance

2017-11-28T09:06:49Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance:

[[File:Bsalogo.png|199px|link=http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/]]

The [http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/ Business Sprinkler Alliance] (BSA) is a coalition organisation established in 2010 to increase the number of businesses that have fire sprinklers fitted in their premises.

Sprinkler systems extinguish or control fires by discharging water locally. They consist of a water supply (tank, pump and valves) and a sprinkler installation (pipes and heads). Detection is handled mechanically by heat sensitive elements that can be constructed from soldered links or glass bulbs containing oil based liquids. The thermal element holds in place a plug which prevents water from flowing from the sprinkler head. The thermal elements respond to localised heating which releases the plug and allows water to flow.

The BSA advocates greater resilience on the part of businesses, driving a culture change that means sprinklers are accepted as standard for commercial and industrial premises in the UK.

BSA aims to:

* Deliver robust information and insight into the benefits of fire sprinklers and the critical importance of fire prevention.
* Increase consideration of fire sprinklers by those who design, construct and approve new business buildings.
* Ensure business decision makers appreciate the role that fire sprinklers can play in physical and commercial resilience.
* Continue dialogue with regulators and legislators to review existing evidence and law, supporting the sprinkler case.
* Drive widespread awareness of fire sprinklers to effect a culture change for their acceptance and adoption.

The founding members of BSA include:

* National Fire Chiefs Council (NFCC).
* National Fire Sprinkler Network (NFSN).
* European Fire Sprinkler Network (EFSN).
* Fire Protection Association (FPA).
* British Automatic Fire Sprinkler Association (BAFSA).
* FM Global.

Articles by BSA on Designing Buildings Wiki include:

* [[Case_study_A_for_offices_to_show_where_automatic_sprinklers_have_the_greatest_impact|‎Case study A for offices to show where automatic sprinklers have the greatest impact]].
* [[Case_study_B_for_offices_to_show_where_automatic_sprinklers_have_the_greatest_impact|Case study B for offices to show where automatic sprinklers have the greatest impact]].
* [[Costs_of_water_automatic_sprinkler_systems|Costs of water automatic sprinkler systems]].
* [[Design_benefits_of_automatic_sprinkler_systems_granted_under_approved_document_B|Design benefits of automatic sprinkler systems granted under approved document B]].
* [[Overview_of_automatic_sprinkler_system_design_and_operation|Overview of automatic sprinkler system design and operation]].
* [[The_cost_efficiency_of_different_combinations_of_fire_protection_measures|The cost efficiency of different combinations of fire protection measures]].
* [[The_impact_of_automatic_sprinklers_on_building_design|The impact of automatic sprinklers on building design]].

The impact of automatic sprinklers on building design

2017-11-09T09:54:53Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance:

[http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/publications/impact-automatic-sprinklers-building-design-wsp/ The Impact of Automatic Sprinklers on Building Design: A fire engineering review], is an independent report produced by WSP, sponsored by the [[Business_Sprinkler_Alliance|Business Sprinkler Alliance]] (BSA). It was published in September 2017.

[[File:The_impact_of_automatic_sprinklers_on_building_design_2.jpg|link=http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/publications/impact-automatic-sprinklers-building-design-wsp/]]

The report aims to raise awareness of the beneficial impact of automatic sprinkler systems, and provides those involved in the design and construction supply chain with useful information about design implications. It gives the reader an appreciation of whether the inclusion of automatic sprinklers for a particular scheme is worthy of further consideration.

Automatic sprinkler systems extinguish or control fires by discharging water locally. Sprinkler systems consists of water supply (tank, pump and valves) and sprinkler installation (pipes and heads). Detection is handled mechanically by heat sensitive elements that can be constructed from soldered links or glass bulbs containing oil based liquids. The thermal element holds in place a plug which prevents water from flowing from the sprinkler head. The thermal elements respond to localised heating which releases the plug and allows water to flow.

Key facts about operation include:

* Automatic sprinklers will typically only operate in areas where fire is present allowing adjacent rooms or areas to remain unaffected.
* Discharge in the presence of fire is extremely reliable (98 to 99.8%) and discharge in the absence of fire is rare.
* Sprinklers have an 80-95% probability of being successful.
* Generally cost and design complexity increases with fire risk.
* Systems can be designed to conceal pipes, and the availability of decorative sprinkler heads allows them to be matched with the interior of the space.

The installation of an automatic sprinkler system can reduce the risk to life and the degree of damage caused in a fire event. As a result, it may be possible to reduce other fire protection measures.

The report focuses on the commercial and design impacts of automatic sprinklers rather than fire safety, exploring the ways automatic sprinklers can add value to building design, including:

* Net capital cost savings.
* Increasing the net internal area / building efficiency.
* Improving design flexibility and creating architectural freedom.
* Reducing the construction programme and/or simplifying site works.

Automatic sprinklers can permit:

* Larger compartment sizes.
* Reduced structural fire protection requirements.
* Increased travel distances leading to possible design freedoms such as the removal of stairs.
* Reduction in fire-fighting shafts.
* Reduced circulation areas leading to increased useable area.

The report supports the view that automatic sprinklers should be considered early in the design process and dispels myths about cost and design freedom. It provides an introduction to sprinklers, an overview of design and operation, and considers areas of design impact, fire protection costs and commercial applications for offices.

The first section of the report discusses concessions allowed by standard fire safety guidance for a variety of building types if automatic sprinklers are incorporated. The second section provides a review of office building types and key objectives relevant to them.

You can access a copy of the report at: [http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/publications/impact-automatic-sprinklers-building-design-wsp/ http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/publications/impact-automatic-sprinklers-building-design-wsp/]

= Find out more =

=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===

* Automatic fire sprinkler systems: A good practice guide.
* Business Sprinkler Alliance.
* Case study A for offices to show where automatic sprinklers have the greatest impact.
* Case study B for offices to show where automatic sprinklers have the greatest impact.
* Design benefits of automatic sprinkler systems granted under approved document B.
* Drenchers.
* Fire detection and alarm system.
* Fire detector.
* Fire in buildings.
* Fire protection engineering.
* Fire safety design.
* Overview of automatic sprinkler system design and operation.
* Sprinklers.
* Sprinkler systems explained: A guide to sprinkler installation standards and rules.
* The cost efficiency of different combinations of fire protection measures.
* Watermist systems for fire protection in domestic and residential buildings DG 534.

[[Category:Publications_/_reports]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Health_and_safety_/_CDM]] [[Category:Regulations]] [[Category:Cost_/_business_planning]] [[Category:Design]]

The cost efficiency of different combinations of fire protection measures

2017-11-09T09:54:42Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance:

This article was originally published as part of [http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/publications/impact-automatic-sprinklers-building-design-wsp/ The impact of automatic sprinklers on building design], an independent report produced by WSP, sponsored by the Business Sprinkler Alliance (BSA), published in September 2017.

= Introduction =

This article provides background information on the pricing used within this document to determine the cost efficiency of different combinations of fire protection measures. It has been compiled based on our knowledge of building design with support provided by a qualified quantity surveyor to ensure a reasonable level of reliability in the figures quoted. The main references used here are Spon’s price books and the figures should be seen as indicative. Variations will occur for local reasons (e.g. central location means difficult access and parking) and, regional variations to building costs quoted here are estimated to be between +6% (in central London) and -10% (in Wales).

To enable comparison between different fire protection measures and the impact of different design features, costs are typically converted to a unit cost per m2 of floor area.

Further financial savings through reduced insurance premiums may also be realised although they are not considered further in this report.

= Costs of water automatic sprinkler systems =

An approximate estimate of installing automatic sprinkler systems to establish viability is given as follows:

* Sprinkler infrastructure: equipment installation, pipework, valve sets, booster pumps and water storage = £60,000 - £80,000
* Price per sprinkler head; including pipework valves and supports = £180 per head

Whilst the infrastructure cost (£60,000-£80,000) does vary depending on the building size, it only does so in a minor fashion due to fact that automatic sprinklers are designed to operate a fixed number of heads independent of floor area. Therefore as the building grows in size, the cost associated with the infrastructure does not vary significantly. This means that the cost efficiency of automatic sprinklers generally increases with building size.

The number of sprinkler heads required varies depending principally on the type of risk to be protected (i.e. category of building type) and layout. For most building types, automatic sprinklers are orientated on a 4m x 3m ceiling grid which gives 1 sprinkler head per 12m2 but as noted above, that is an ideal situation and further heads will be required to suit internal partitions and different building footprints. Therefore 15% has been added to the above figure to give a £/m2:

* £180 per head;
* 3m x 4m coverage from a single head;
* 15% layout allowance.
* Total = £17.25/m2 GIA [6] + Sprinkler infrastructure (£70,000)

Other factors may influence the area of coverage such as whether a building has deep ceiling voids which may need protection or sterile areas such as stairs and toilets that may not.

For a comparison the rates shown in Table 5-1 are “Shell and Core” costs for installing automatic sprinkler systems (including the water supply) for Offices with GIA between 3,000 – 15,000 m2 and hotels (2 to 5 stars). These rates highlight the variability in costs between building types.

== Table 5-1: Generic pricing – sprinkler system installation ==

{|
|width="33%"|Building use
|width="33%"|Installed as part of building shell
Rate /m2
|width="33%"|Installed as part of building fit-out
Rate /m2
|-
|Office – central London
|£16.37
|£21.21
|-
|Office – regional (average)
|£14.73
|£19.08
|-
|Warehouse ( fitted racking installed)
|£42.32
|n/a
|-
|Hotels (2 – 5*)
|£20 – 30
|n/a
|}

To ensure these generic rates shown above (Table 5-1) are reasonable, specific cases of cost analyses provided by Spon’s price book (shown in Table 5-2) are reviewed;

# Installing a sprinkler system in the office building example shown in Table 5-2 costs £316k and averages to £16.37/m2 GIA. This rate is within the generic ranges quoted earlier (i.e. £17.25/m2 + £70k and £15-20/m2).
# In another example, the costs of providing automatic sprinkler system and dry risers to a 4* hotel were £596k and averaging to £36.12/m2. In order to compare this figure (£36.12/m2) with £20-30/m2 from Table 5-1 the cost of dry risers has to be discounted leaving the rate as £26.12/m2. This rate £26.12/m2 falls almost in the middle of the generic price range shown in Table 5-1 and confidence can be placed in the values presented.

These examples demonstrate that the actual cost of installing automatic sprinkler system for each building depends on many factors, however the rates quoted in Table 5-1 can be used as a guide for estimating costs based on GIA.

== Table 5-2: Real examples of installing sprinkler system costs in different types of buildings ==

{|
|
Case study

|
Total Sprinkler Cost

|
Cost / m2 GIA

|-
|
Office building located in Central London, 15 floors, GIA = 19,300 m2

|
£316,000

|
£16.37/m2

|-
|
4* Hotel, 200 bedrooms, located in Central London, 10 floors, GIA = 16,500 m2

|
(inc. dry risers) = £596,000

|
(inc. dry risers) =

£36.12/m2

|-
|
Airport terminal building located in the South East, GIA= 25,000 m2

|
£790,000

|
£31.60/m2

|-
| colspan="3" |
Shopping mall located in the South East comprised;

|-
|
Two storey retail area, GIA = 33,000 m2

|
£415,000

|
£12.57/m2

|-
|
Covered car park, GIA = 13,000 m2

|
£270,000

|
£20.76/m2

|-
|
Distribution centre (Warehouse), located in outer London, GIA = 75,000 m2 (inc. refrigerator area GIA=17,500m2)

|
(inc. racking protection)= £3,174,000

|
£42.32/m2

|}
= Costs of dry risers =

The incorporation of automatic sprinklers into building design can be used to justify a reduction in the number of dry risers required in a building. All-in rates for approximate estimates of installing dry risers are as follows:

* 100mm dry riser + 2-way breeching valve and box (65mm landing valve + padlock + leather strap + automatic air vent + drain valve) = £1,500 per landing

The number of risers required depends on the layout of the building, as the minimum requirement is reported as “reach” from the dry riser outlet to completely cover the floor plate.

Different estimates for costing the installation of dry risers per GIA for offices and hotels are also quoted in Spon’s (see table 5-3). If an automatic sprinkler system is installed, a reduction of the number of dry risers by up to 33% (based on the 33% increase in reach from 45m to 60m) is theoretically possible. This is tabulated below.

== Table 5-3: Generic pricing – “Shell and Core” installation of dry risers ==

{|
|width="33%"|Building type
|width="33%"|Dry risers cost
£/m2 GIA
|width="33%"|Potential savings
£/m2 GIA
|-
|Offices (3,000 – 15,000 m2)
|3 – 5
|1
|-
|Hotels
|8 – 12
|2-4
|}

= Costs of staircases =

One of the impacts of incorporating automatic sprinkler systems on the capital cost is to use the increased fire protection offered to look at the possible removal of escape staircases. The cost associated with constructing a staircase in an office building in central London with 13 floors is estimated at £200k with an average of c. £15k per floor. Stairs may also require secondary fire protection measures such as fire-rated lobbies and smoke ventilation systems. An example of the latter is a stair pressurisation system for which a rate of £6/m2 GIA is applicable.

= Costs of glazing =

Prices for fitting different types of glazing internally for compartmentation purposes (inclusive of labour costs) are as follows:

* 60min fire-resisting glazing = £600/m2
* 30min fire-resisting glazing = £426/m2
* Standard non-fire-resisting glazing = £40/m2

The above prices are for glass that can be used within the building interior, i.e. protected corridors, atriums etc. For external glazing, a self-conducted market survey yielded the following for rates for fire-rated façade systems. These have additions such as fire treatment on the glass itself, increased robustness of the frame and intumescent sealing of the edges:

* Non-FR glazed façade (£500/m2 – £700/m2)
* 30-min FR glazed façade (£900/m2 – £1,000/m2)
* 60-min FR glazed façade (£1,600/m2 – £1,800/m2)
* 90-min FR glazed façade (£2,000/m2 – £2,400/m2)
* 120-min FR glazed façade (£3,000/m2 – £3,400/m2)

= Costs of structural fire protection =

Prices for providing fire protection to steel structures expressed as cost per m2 rate of surface area of the steel:

Spray

* 60min-FR range (£8.55/m2 – £12.30/m2)
* 90min-FR range (£14.30/m2 – £20.00/m2)

Intumescent coating

* 30min-FR range (£8.70/m2 – £11.10/m2)
* 60min-FR range (£11/m2 – £23.50/m2)
* 90min-FR range (£32/m2 – £39/m2)
* 120min-FR range (£48/m2 – £59/m2)

FR boarding

* 30min-FR range (£29/m2 – £45.50/m2)
* 60min-FR range (£41/m2 – £62/m2)

This can be converted (approximately) to a more practical rate per floor area. Typical steel structure in buildings is 50 kg/m2 GIA (gross internal floor area). Typical steel mass per surface area in a structural element is 40 kg/m2. Therefore a price in (£ per painted surface area) can be converted to the conventional cost unit of £/m2 GIA;

£/m2 GIA = (£/m2 surface area) x (50 kg/m2 GIA) ÷ (40 kg/m2 surface area)

Spray

* 60min-FR range (£10.69/m2 GIA – £15.38/m2 GIA)
* 90min-FR range (£17.88/m2 GIA – £25.00/m2 GIA)

Intumescent coating

* 30min-FR range (£10.88/m2 GIA – £13.88/m2 GIA)
* 60min-FR range (£13.75/m2 GIA – £29.38/m2 GIA)
* 90min-FR range (£40/m2 GIA – £48.75/m2 GIA)
* 120min-FR range (£60/m2 GIA – £73.75/m2 GIA)

FR boarding

* 30min-FR range (£36.25/m2 GIA – £56.88/m2 GIA)
* 60min-FR range (£51.25/m2 GIA – £77.5/m2 GIA)

= Summary of capital costs =

{|
|Total cost of sprinkler system installation (ordinary hazard classification)
|= £70k + (GIA x £17.25/m2)
|-
|Total cost of dry risers
|= £1,500 x number of floors x number of risers
|-
|Cost of a staircase
|= £15k x number of floors x number of staircases
|}

Total cost of façade glazing per façade area:

* Non-FR glazed façade (£500/m2 – £700/m2)
* 30-min FR glazed façade (£900/m2 – £1,000/m2)
* 60-min FR glazed façade (£1,600/m2 – £1,800/m2)
* 90-min FR glazed façade (£2,000/m2 – £2,400/m2)
* 120-min FR glazed façade (£3,000/m2 – £3,400/m2)

== Table 5-4 Cost of sprinklers vs. potential savings ==

{|
| colspan="2" |
Sprinkler system cost (OH) = £70k + (GIA x £17.25)

|-
| colspan="2" |
Potential savings on

|-
|
Dry risers

|
= £1-3/m2 GIA

|-
|
Staircases

|
= £15k/floor/staircase removed

|-
|
Façade FR glazing system

|
= up to £2,700/m2 x wall area

|-
|
Structure FP

|
= £10.88-77.50/m2 GIA

|}
= Lifecycle costs =

The values given above are those associated with capital costs. The lifecycle cost associated with each measure varies although it should be factored in when considering the lifespan of a building. For this report, lifecycle costs are not explicitly considered because they will be project-specific and complex to estimate.

= References =

[6] Gross Internal Area that includes; all areas occupied by internal walls and open-sided covered areas, but excludes; open balconies, open fire escapes, and open-sided covered ways. It is the total floor area of all storeys, not the building footprint area.

Find out more at: [http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/publications/impact-automatic-sprinklers-building-design-wsp/ The impact of automatic sprinklers on building design].

--[[User:Business_Sprinkler_Alliance|Business Sprinkler Alliance]]

= Find out more =

=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===

* Automatic fire sprinkler systems: A good practice guide.
* Automatic sprinkler system design and operation.
* Business Sprinkler Alliance.
* Case study A for offices to show where automatic sprinklers have the greatest impact.
* Case study B for offices to show where automatic sprinklers have the greatest impact.
* Design benefits of automatic sprinkler systems granted under approved document B
* Drenchers.
* Fire detection and alarm system.
* Fire detector.
* Fire in buildings.
* Fire protection engineering.
* Fire safety design.
* Overview of automatic sprinkler system design and operation
* Sprinkler systems explained: A guide to sprinkler installation standards and rules.
* Sprinklers.
* The impact of automatic sprinklers on building design.
* Watermist systems for fire protection in domestic and residential buildings DG 534.

[[Category:Health_and_safety_/_CDM]] [[Category:Regulations]] [[Category:Cost_/_business_planning]] [[Category:Design]]

Overview of automatic sprinkler system design and operation

2017-11-09T09:54:31Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance:

Design benefits of automatic sprinkler systems granted under approved document B

2017-11-09T09:54:18Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance:

User:Business Sprinkler Alliance

2017-11-09T09:53:55Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance:

[[File:Bsalogo.png|199px|link=http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/]]

The [http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/ Business Sprinkler Alliance] (BSA) is a coalition organisation established in 2010 to increase the number of businesses that have fire sprinklers fitted in their premises.

Sprinkler systems extinguish or control fires by discharging water locally. They consist of a water supply (tank, pump and valves) and a sprinkler installation (pipes and heads). Detection is handled mechanically by heat sensitive elements that can be constructed from soldered links or glass bulbs containing oil based liquids. The thermal element holds in place a plug which prevents water from flowing from the sprinkler head. The thermal elements respond to localised heating which releases the plug and allows water to flow.

The BSA advocates greater resilience on the part of businesses, driving a culture change that means sprinklers are accepted as standard for commercial and industrial premises in the UK.

BSA aims to:

* Deliver robust information and insight into the benefits of fire sprinklers and the critical importance of fire prevention.
* Increase consideration of fire sprinklers by those who design, construct and approve new business buildings.
* Ensure business decision makers appreciate the role that fire sprinklers can play in physical and commercial resilience.
* Continue dialogue with regulators and legislators to review existing evidence and law, supporting the sprinkler case.
* Drive widespread awareness of fire sprinklers to effect a culture change for their acceptance and adoption.

The founding members of BSA include:

* National Fire Chiefs Council (NFCC).
* National Fire Sprinkler Network (NFSN).
* European Fire Sprinkler Network (EFSN).
* Fire Protection Association (FPA).
* British Automatic Fire Sprinkler Association (BAFSA).
* FM Global.

Articles by BSA on Designing Buildings Wiki include:

* [[Case_study_A_for_offices_to_show_where_automatic_sprinklers_have_the_greatest_impact|‎Case study A for offices to show where automatic sprinklers have the greatest impact]].
* [[Case_study_B_for_offices_to_show_where_automatic_sprinklers_have_the_greatest_impact|Case study B for offices to show where automatic sprinklers have the greatest impact]].
* [[Design_benefits_of_automatic_sprinkler_systems_granted_under_approved_document_B|Design benefits of automatic sprinkler systems granted under approved document B]].
* [[Overview_of_automatic_sprinkler_system_design_and_operation|Overview of automatic sprinkler system design and operation]].
* [[The_cost_efficiency_of_different_combinations_of_fire_protection_measures|The cost efficiency of different combinations of fire protection measures]].
* [[The_impact_of_automatic_sprinklers_on_building_design|The impact of automatic sprinklers on building design]].

User:Business Sprinkler Alliance

2017-11-09T09:53:33Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance:

[[File:Bsalogo.png|199px|link=http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/]]

The [http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/ Business Sprinkler Alliance] (BSA) is a coalition organisation established in 2010 to increase the number of businesses that have fire sprinklers fitted in their premises.

Sprinkler systems extinguish or control fires by discharging water locally. They consist of a water supply (tank, pump and valves) and a sprinkler installation (pipes and heads). Detection is handled mechanically by heat sensitive elements that can be constructed from soldered links or glass bulbs containing oil based liquids. The thermal element holds in place a plug which prevents water from flowing from the sprinkler head. The thermal elements respond to localised heating which releases the plug and allows water to flow.

The BSA advocates greater resilience on the part of businesses, driving a culture change that means sprinklers are accepted as standard for commercial and industrial premises in the UK.

BSA aims to:

* Deliver robust information and insight into the benefits of fire sprinklers and the critical importance of fire prevention.
* Increase consideration of fire sprinklers by those who design, construct and approve new business buildings.
* Ensure business decision makers appreciate the role that fire sprinklers can play in physical and commercial resilience.
* Continue dialogue with regulators and legislators to review existing evidence and law, supporting the sprinkler case.
* Drive widespread awareness of fire sprinklers to effect a culture change for their acceptance and adoption.

The founding members of BSA include:

* National Fire Chiefs Council (NFCC).
* National Fire Sprinkler Network (NFSN).
* European Fire Sprinkler Network (EFSN).
* Fire Protection Association (FPA).
* British Automatic Fire Sprinkler Association (BAFSA).
* FM Global.

Articles by BSA on Designing Buildings Wiki include:

* [[Case_study_A_for_offices_to_show_where_automatic_sprinklers_have_the_greatest_impact|‎Case study A for offices to show where automatic sprinklers have the greatest impact]].
* Case study B for offices to show where automatic sprinklers have the greatest impact.
* [[Design_benefits_of_automatic_sprinkler_systems_granted_under_approved_document_B|Design benefits of automatic sprinkler systems granted under approved document B]].
* [[Overview_of_automatic_sprinkler_system_design_and_operation|Overview of automatic sprinkler system design and operation]].
* [[The_cost_efficiency_of_different_combinations_of_fire_protection_measures|The cost efficiency of different combinations of fire protection measures]].
* [[The_impact_of_automatic_sprinklers_on_building_design|The impact of automatic sprinklers on building design]].

User:Business Sprinkler Alliance

2017-11-09T09:52:56Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance:

[[File:Bsalogo.png|199px|link=http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/]]

The [http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/ Business Sprinkler Alliance] (BSA) is a coalition organisation established in 2010 to increase the number of businesses that have fire sprinklers fitted in their premises.

Sprinkler systems extinguish or control fires by discharging water locally. They consist of a water supply (tank, pump and valves) and a sprinkler installation (pipes and heads). Detection is handled mechanically by heat sensitive elements that can be constructed from soldered links or glass bulbs containing oil based liquids. The thermal element holds in place a plug which prevents water from flowing from the sprinkler head. The thermal elements respond to localised heating which releases the plug and allows water to flow.

The BSA advocates greater resilience on the part of businesses, driving a culture change that means sprinklers are accepted as standard for commercial and industrial premises in the UK.

BSA aims to:

* Deliver robust information and insight into the benefits of fire sprinklers and the critical importance of fire prevention.
* Increase consideration of fire sprinklers by those who design, construct and approve new business buildings.
* Ensure business decision makers appreciate the role that fire sprinklers can play in physical and commercial resilience.
* Continue dialogue with regulators and legislators to review existing evidence and law, supporting the sprinkler case.
* Drive widespread awareness of fire sprinklers to effect a culture change for their acceptance and adoption.

The founding members of BSA include:

* National Fire Chiefs Council (NFCC).
* National Fire Sprinkler Network (NFSN).
* European Fire Sprinkler Network (EFSN).
* Fire Protection Association (FPA).
* British Automatic Fire Sprinkler Association (BAFSA).
* FM Global.

Articles by BSA on Designing Buildings Wiki include:

* [[Case_study_A_for_offices_to_show_where_automatic_sprinklers_have_the_greatest_impact|‎Case study A for offices to show where automatic sprinklers have the greatest impact]].
* [[Case_study_A_for_offices_to_show_where_automatic_sprinklers_have_the_greatest_impact|Case study A for offices to show where automatic sprinklers have the greatest impact]].
* [[Design_benefits_of_automatic_sprinkler_systems_granted_under_approved_document_B|Design benefits of automatic sprinkler systems granted under approved document B]].
* [[Overview_of_automatic_sprinkler_system_design_and_operation|Overview of automatic sprinkler system design and operation]].
* [[The_cost_efficiency_of_different_combinations_of_fire_protection_measures|The cost efficiency of different combinations of fire protection measures]].
* [[The_impact_of_automatic_sprinklers_on_building_design|The impact of automatic sprinklers on building design]].

User:Business Sprinkler Alliance

2017-10-13T10:36:54Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance:

[[File:Bsalogo.png|199px|link=http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/]]

The [http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/ Business Sprinkler Alliance] (BSA) is a coalition organisation established in 2010 to increase the number of businesses that have fire sprinklers fitted in their premises.

Sprinkler systems extinguish or control fires by discharging water locally. They consist of a water supply (tank, pump and valves) and a sprinkler installation (pipes and heads). Detection is handled mechanically by heat sensitive elements that can be constructed from soldered links or glass bulbs containing oil based liquids. The thermal element holds in place a plug which prevents water from flowing from the sprinkler head. The thermal elements respond to localised heating which releases the plug and allows water to flow.

The BSA advocates greater resilience on the part of businesses, driving a culture change that means sprinklers are accepted as standard for commercial and industrial premises in the UK.

BSA aims to:

* Deliver robust information and insight into the benefits of fire sprinklers and the critical importance of fire prevention.
* Increase consideration of fire sprinklers by those who design, construct and approve new business buildings.
* Ensure business decision makers appreciate the role that fire sprinklers can play in physical and commercial resilience.
* Continue dialogue with regulators and legislators to review existing evidence and law, supporting the sprinkler case.
* Drive widespread awareness of fire sprinklers to effect a culture change for their acceptance and adoption.

The founding members of BSA include:

* National Fire Chiefs Council (NFCC).
* National Fire Sprinkler Network (NFSN).
* European Fire Sprinkler Network (EFSN).
* Fire Protection Association (FPA).
* British Automatic Fire Sprinkler Association (BAFSA).
* FM Global.

Articles by BSA on Designing Buildings Wiki include:

* [[Case_study_A_for_offices_to_show_where_automatic_sprinklers_have_the_greatest_impact|‎Case study A for offices to show where automatic sprinklers have the greatest impact]].
* [[Design_benefits_of_automatic_sprinkler_systems_granted_under_approved_document_B|Design benefits of automatic sprinkler systems granted under approved document B]].
* [[Overview_of_automatic_sprinkler_system_design_and_operation|Overview of automatic sprinkler system design and operation]].
* [[The_cost_efficiency_of_different_combinations_of_fire_protection_measures|The cost efficiency of different combinations of fire protection measures]].
* [[The_impact_of_automatic_sprinklers_on_building_design|The impact of automatic sprinklers on building design]].

User:Business Sprinkler Alliance

2017-10-06T09:47:53Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance:

[[File:Bsalogo.png|199px|link=http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/]]

The [http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/ Business Sprinkler Alliance] (BSA) is a coalition organisation established in 2010 to increase the number of businesses that have fire sprinklers fitted in their premises.

Sprinkler systems extinguish or control fires by discharging water locally. They consist of a water supply (tank, pump and valves) and a sprinkler installation (pipes and heads). Detection is handled mechanically by heat sensitive elements that can be constructed from soldered links or glass bulbs containing oil based liquids. The thermal element holds in place a plug which prevents water from flowing from the sprinkler head. The thermal elements respond to localised heating which releases the plug and allows water to flow.

The BSA advocates greater resilience on the part of businesses, driving a culture change that means sprinklers are accepted as standard for commercial and industrial premises in the UK.

BSA aims to:

* Deliver robust information and insight into the benefits of fire sprinklers and the critical importance of fire prevention.
* Increase consideration of fire sprinklers by those who design, construct and approve new business buildings.
* Ensure business decision makers appreciate the role that fire sprinklers can play in physical and commercial resilience.
* Continue dialogue with regulators and legislators to review existing evidence and law, supporting the sprinkler case.
* Drive widespread awareness of fire sprinklers to effect a culture change for their acceptance and adoption.

The founding members of BSA include:

* National Fire Chiefs Council (NFCC).
* National Fire Sprinkler Network (NFSN).
* European Fire Sprinkler Network (EFSN).
* Fire Protection Association (FPA).
* British Automatic Fire Sprinkler Association (BAFSA).
* FM Global.

Articles by BSA on Designing Buildings Wiki include:

* [[Design_benefits_of_automatic_sprinkler_systems_granted_under_approved_document_B|Design benefits of automatic sprinkler systems granted under approved document B]].
* [[Overview_of_automatic_sprinkler_system_design_and_operation|Overview of automatic sprinkler system design and operation]].
* [[The_cost_efficiency_of_different_combinations_of_fire_protection_measures|The cost efficiency of different combinations of fire protection measures]].
* [[The_impact_of_automatic_sprinklers_on_building_design|The impact of automatic sprinklers on building design]].

User:Business Sprinkler Alliance

2017-10-03T09:11:59Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance:

[[File:Bsalogo.png|199px|link=http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/]]

The [http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/ Business Sprinkler Alliance] (BSA) is a coalition organisation established in 2010 to increase the number of businesses that have fire sprinklers fitted in their premises.

Sprinkler systems extinguish or control fires by discharging water locally. They consist of a water supply (tank, pump and valves) and a sprinkler installation (pipes and heads). Detection is handled mechanically by heat sensitive elements that can be constructed from soldered links or glass bulbs containing oil based liquids. The thermal element holds in place a plug which prevents water from flowing from the sprinkler head. The thermal elements respond to localised heating which releases the plug and allows water to flow.

The BSA advocates greater resilience on the part of businesses, driving a culture change that means sprinklers are accepted as standard for commercial and industrial premises in the UK.

BSA aims to:

* Deliver robust information and insight into the benefits of fire sprinklers and the critical importance of fire prevention.
* Increase consideration of fire sprinklers by those who design, construct and approve new business buildings.
* Ensure business decision makers appreciate the role that fire sprinklers can play in physical and commercial resilience.
* Continue dialogue with regulators and legislators to review existing evidence and law, supporting the sprinkler case.
* Drive widespread awareness of fire sprinklers to effect a culture change for their acceptance and adoption.

The founding members of BSA include:

* National Fire Chiefs Council (NFCC).
* National Fire Sprinkler Network (NFSN).
* European Fire Sprinkler Network (EFSN).
* Fire Protection Association (FPA).
* British Automatic Fire Sprinkler Association (BAFSA).
* FM Global.

Articles by BSA on Designing Buildings Wiki include:

* [[Design_benefits_of_automatic_sprinkler_systems_granted_under_approved_document_B|Design benefits of automatic sprinkler systems granted under approved document B]].
* [[Overview_of_automatic_sprinkler_system_design_and_operation|Overview of automatic sprinkler system design and operation]].
* [[The_impact_of_automatic_sprinklers_on_building_design|The impact of automatic sprinklers on building design]].

User:Business Sprinkler Alliance

2017-10-03T09:11:42Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance:

[[File:Bsalogo.png|199px|link=http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/]]

The [http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/ Business Sprinkler Alliance] (BSA) is a coalition organisation established in 2010 to increase the number of businesses that have fire sprinklers fitted in their premises.

Sprinkler systems extinguish or control fires by discharging water locally. They consist of a water supply (tank, pump and valves) and a sprinkler installation (pipes and heads). Detection is handled mechanically by heat sensitive elements that can be constructed from soldered links or glass bulbs containing oil based liquids. The thermal element holds in place a plug which prevents water from flowing from the sprinkler head. The thermal elements respond to localised heating which releases the plug and allows water to flow.

The BSA advocates greater resilience on the part of businesses, driving a culture change that means sprinklers are accepted as standard for commercial and industrial premises in the UK.

BSA aims to:

* Deliver robust information and insight into the benefits of fire sprinklers and the critical importance of fire prevention.
* Increase consideration of fire sprinklers by those who design, construct and approve new business buildings.
* Ensure business decision makers appreciate the role that fire sprinklers can play in physical and commercial resilience.
* Continue dialogue with regulators and legislators to review existing evidence and law, supporting the sprinkler case.
* Drive widespread awareness of fire sprinklers to effect a culture change for their acceptance and adoption.

The founding members of BSA include:

* National Fire Chiefs Council (NFCC).
* National Fire Sprinkler Network (NFSN).
* European Fire Sprinkler Network (EFSN).
* Fire Protection Association (FPA).
* British Automatic Fire Sprinkler Association (BAFSA).
* FM Global.

Articles by BSA on Designing Buildings Wiki include:

* [[Design_benefits_of_automatic_sprinkler_systems_granted_under_approved_document_B|Design benefits of automatic sprinkler systems granted under approved document B]].
* [[Overview_of_automatic_sprinkler_system_design_and_operation|Overview of automatic sprinkler system design and operation]].
* The impact of automatic sprinklers on building design.

Business Sprinkler Alliance

2017-10-03T09:10:51Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance: Redirected page to User:Business Sprinkler Alliance

#redirect:[[User:Business_Sprinkler_Alliance|Business Sprinkler Alliance]]

[[Category:Organisations]] [[Category:DCN_Organisation]]

User:Business Sprinkler Alliance

2017-10-03T09:09:59Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance:

[[File:Bsalogo.png|199px|link=http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/]]

The [http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/ Business Sprinkler Alliance] (BSA) is a coalition organisation established in 2010 to increase the number of businesses that have fire sprinklers fitted in their premises.

Sprinkler systems extinguish or control fires by discharging water locally. They consist of a water supply (tank, pump and valves) and a sprinkler installation (pipes and heads). Detection is handled mechanically by heat sensitive elements that can be constructed from soldered links or glass bulbs containing oil based liquids. The thermal element holds in place a plug which prevents water from flowing from the sprinkler head. The thermal elements respond to localised heating which releases the plug and allows water to flow.

The BSA advocates greater resilience on the part of businesses, driving a culture change that means sprinklers are accepted as standard for commercial and industrial premises in the UK.

BSA aims to:

* Deliver robust information and insight into the benefits of fire sprinklers and the critical importance of fire prevention.
* Increase consideration of fire sprinklers by those who design, construct and approve new business buildings.
* Ensure business decision makers appreciate the role that fire sprinklers can play in physical and commercial resilience.
* Continue dialogue with regulators and legislators to review existing evidence and law, supporting the sprinkler case.
* Drive widespread awareness of fire sprinklers to effect a culture change for their acceptance and adoption.

The founding members of BSA include:

* National Fire Chiefs Council (NFCC).
* National Fire Sprinkler Network (NFSN).
* European Fire Sprinkler Network (EFSN).
* Fire Protection Association (FPA).
* British Automatic Fire Sprinkler Association (BAFSA).
* FM Global.

Articles by BSA on Designing Buildings Wiki include:

* [[Design_benefits_of_automatic_sprinkler_systems_granted_under_approved_document_B|Design benefits of automatic sprinkler systems granted under approved document B]].
* [[Overview_of_automatic_sprinkler_system_design_and_operation|Overview of automatic sprinkler system design and operation]].
* [http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/publications/impact-automatic-sprinklers-building-design-wsp/ The impact of automatic sprinklers on building design].

Design benefits of automatic sprinkler systems granted under approved document B

2017-10-03T09:07:40Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance: Protected "Design benefits of automatic sprinkler systems granted under approved document B" ([edit=author] (indefinite))

Design benefits of automatic sprinkler systems granted under approved document B

2017-10-03T09:07:27Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance:

Overview of automatic sprinkler system design and operation

2017-09-29T08:21:46Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance: Protected "Overview of automatic sprinkler system design and operation" ([edit=author] (indefinite))

Overview of automatic sprinkler system design and operation

2017-09-29T08:21:35Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance:

User:Business Sprinkler Alliance

2017-09-29T08:17:24Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance:

[[File:Bsalogo.png|199px|link=http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/]]

The [http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/ Business Sprinkler Alliance] (BSA) is a coalition organisation established in 2010 to increase the number of businesses that have fire sprinklers fitted in their premises.

Sprinkler systems extinguish or control fires by discharging water locally. They consist of a water supply (tank, pump and valves) and a sprinkler installation (pipes and heads). Detection is handled mechanically by heat sensitive elements that can be constructed from soldered links or glass bulbs containing oil based liquids. The thermal element holds in place a plug which prevents water from flowing from the sprinkler head. The thermal elements respond to localised heating which releases the plug and allows water to flow.

The BSA advocates greater resilience on the part of businesses, driving a culture change that means sprinklers are accepted as standard for commercial and industrial premises in the UK.

BSA aims to:

* Deliver robust information and insight into the benefits of fire sprinklers and the critical importance of fire prevention.
* Increase consideration of fire sprinklers by those who design, construct and approve new business buildings.
* Ensure business decision makers appreciate the role that fire sprinklers can play in physical and commercial resilience.
* Continue dialogue with regulators and legislators to review existing evidence and law, supporting the sprinkler case.
* Drive widespread awareness of fire sprinklers to effect a culture change for their acceptance and adoption.

The founding members of BSA include:

* National Fire Chiefs Council (NFCC).
* National Fire Sprinkler Network (NFSN).
* European Fire Sprinkler Network (EFSN).
* Fire Protection Association (FPA).
* British Automatic Fire Sprinkler Association (BAFSA).
* FM Global.

In September 2017, BSA published ‘[http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/publications/impact-automatic-sprinklers-building-design-wsp/ The impact of automatic sprinklers on building design]’ to raise awareness of the beneficial impact of automatic sprinkler systems.

User:Business Sprinkler Alliance

2017-09-29T08:16:31Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance:

Overview of automatic sprinkler system design and operation

2017-09-28T15:16:03Z

Business Sprinkler Alliance: Created page with "This article was originally published as part of [http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/publications/impact-automatic-sprinklers-building-design-wsp/ The impact of automatic..."