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	<entry>
		<id>https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Engineered_bamboo</id>
		<title>Engineered bamboo</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Engineered_bamboo"/>
				<updated>2016-11-25T15:31:43Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Amphibio: Protected &amp;quot;Engineered bamboo&amp;quot; ([edit=author] (indefinite))&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Bamboo can be engineered to form products with improved and/or standardised mechanical, physical and aesthetic properties. As in the case for other lignocellulosic materials such as wood, bamboo poles (culms) with variable diameters, lengths and shapes can be transformed into straight edged engineered products with predictable properties for construction applications.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Engineered bamboo products (EBPs) and engineered wood products (EWPs) possess an intrinsic carbon storage capability, as well as potentially lower embodied energy and carbon dioxide emissions from manufacturing than conventional construction products such as concrete or steel. For instance, the carbon footprint of concrete and stainless steel (304) is about twice to ten times higher than that of a bamboo plywood (a laminated EBP) or an indoor use plywood according to IDEMAT database (2016) [1]. Seemingly, the embodied energy for producing one kilogramme (kg) of stainless steel is almost four times higher than that of producing one kilogramme of plywood [2] or bamboo plywood; this is 56.70 MJ/kg for the former and 15 MJ/kg and 15.5 for the laminated EBP [1]. Figure 1 illustrates EBP's capability of storing more carbon dioxide (CO2) than the raw and non-processed bamboo culms. This is, more CO2 storage equivalent in the bamboo plantation due to the higher use of material per dry weight (d.w.) for the manufacture of EBPs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Equivalent C02 sequestration in bamboo and wood forest.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Figure 1 Equivalent C02 sequestration in bamboo and wood forest for different bamboo based products. Data from [3].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In addition to bamboo’s remarkable environmental features and high yield of carbon storing biomass when transformed into durable EBPs, recent research at the [http://www.bath.ac.uk/research/case-studies/bamboo-structural-material University of Bath] (UK) has demonstrated their potential as a complementary to wood material (not a substitute) in structural applications [3]. Cross laminated Guadua-bamboo ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YixPhThRb0A G-XLam]) panels (Figure 2) developed and tested at this university with the support of British firm [http://www.amphibiabase.co.uk/ Amphibia BASE] showcased an approximate two-fold increase in density and MOE when compared to analogous cross laminated (CLT) panels (M1 BSP crossplan by Mayr-Melnhof Holz) (Table 1). This is, the in-plane compression moduli of elasticity of these CLT panels in the main direction (Epc,0) and transverse direction (Epc,90) were about half of that of G-XLam3 and G-XLam5 panels (three and five layers); e.g. Epc,0 was 7.57GPa and 14.83 GPa for CLT3 and G-XLam3 panels.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:G-XLam_bamboo-Guadua_panels_for_stiffness_driven_applications.jpg|link=File:G-XLam_bamboo-Guadua_panels_for_stiffness_driven_applications.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Figure 2 G-XLam bamboo-Guadua panels for stiffness driven applications&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Table 1 Summary of the results obtained from the in-plane compression panel testing and the FE and predicted values previously obtained by [4]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Summary_of_the_results_obtained_from_the_in-plane_compression_panel_testing_and_the_FE_and_predicted_values_previously_obtained_by_-4-.jpg|link=File:Summary_of_the_results_obtained_from_the_in-plane_compression_panel_testing_and_the_FE_and_predicted_values_previously_obtained_by_-4-.jpg]]On the other hand, the thickness of G-XLam3 and G-XLam5 panels is almost a fifth of CLT3 and CLT5 panels (e.g. thicknesses of CLT5 and G-XLam5 were 134mm and 27.5mm, respectively). This is a desirable feature stiffness driven design but, G-XLam panels possess a high slenderness ratio, which presents a structural challenge in overcoming buckling. Nevertheless, potential engineering applications for G-XLam panels are sandwich panels and stressed skin structures (e.g. monocoque), where thin but very stiff layers are separated by a core or internal structure that increases the second moment of area and reduces buckling. EBPs such as these G-XLam panels present a whole new approach to the use of bamboo in structural applications, where bamboo is not seen as substitute, but a complementary material that in combination with wood and/or lightweight cores can provide the required stiffness with reduced cross-sections. However, further testing, research and understanding of the mechanical behaviour of EBPs is required, together with the optimisation of current manufacturing processes and their incorporation within timber standards for structural design.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Overall, EBPs such as G-XLam and the commercially available bamboo plywood and strand woven bamboo (SWB), whose physical (e.g. density, durability, hardness) and mechanical properties have been improved through industrial processes outperform conventional materials in terms of their contribution to the overall CO2 sequestration. Additionally, EBPs store more CO2 than non-processed bamboo culms.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
More information about engineered bamboo products (EBPs) can be found at [https://goo.gl/sRGNa9 https://goo.gl/sRGNa9] [6]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= References =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[1] Delft University of Technology, “IDEMAT database.” Faculty of Deisgn, Engineering and Production, Delft, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[2] G. P. Hammond and C. I. Jones, “Embodied energy and carbon in construction materials,” Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy, vol. 161, pp. 87–98, 2008.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[3] H. F. Archila, “Thermo-hydro-mechanically modified cross-laminated Guadua-bamboo panels,” PhD Thesis, University of Bath, 2015.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[4] H. F. Archila, D. Brandon, M. P. Ansell, P. Walker, and G. A. Ormondroyd, “Evaluation of the mechanical properties of cross laminated bamboo panels by digital image correlation and finite element modelling .,” in WCTE 2014, World Conference on Timber Engineering, 2014, p. 43.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[5] Mayr-Melnhof Kaufmann Group, “Manual Cross-laminated timber panels M1 BSP cross plan,” Austria, 2009.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[6] D. Trujillo and H. F. Archila, “Engineered bamboo and bamboo engineering,” High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, HP14 4ND, UK, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:International]] [[Category:Publications_/_reports]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Amphibio</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Engineered_bamboo</id>
		<title>Engineered bamboo</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Engineered_bamboo"/>
				<updated>2016-11-25T15:30:43Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Amphibio: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Bamboo can be engineered to form products with improved and/or standardised mechanical, physical and aesthetic properties. As in the case for other lignocellulosic materials such as wood, bamboo poles (culms) with variable diameters, lengths and shapes can be transformed into straight edged engineered products with predictable properties for construction applications.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Engineered bamboo products (EBPs) and engineered wood products (EWPs) possess an intrinsic carbon storage capability, as well as potentially lower embodied energy and carbon dioxide emissions from manufacturing than conventional construction products such as concrete or steel. For instance, the carbon footprint of concrete and stainless steel (304) is about twice to ten times higher than that of a bamboo plywood (a laminated EBP) or an indoor use plywood according to IDEMAT database (2016) [1]. Seemingly, the embodied energy for producing one kilogramme (kg) of stainless steel is almost four times higher than that of producing one kilogramme of plywood [2] or bamboo plywood; this is 56.70 MJ/kg for the former and 15 MJ/kg and 15.5 for the laminated EBP [1]. Figure 1 illustrates EBP's capability of storing more carbon dioxide (CO2) than the raw and non-processed bamboo culms. This is, more CO2 storage equivalent in the bamboo plantation due to the higher use of material per dry weight (d.w.) for the manufacture of EBPs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Equivalent C02 sequestration in bamboo and wood forest.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Figure 1 Equivalent C02 sequestration in bamboo and wood forest for different bamboo based products. Data from [3].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In addition to bamboo’s remarkable environmental features and high yield of carbon storing biomass when transformed into durable EBPs, recent research at the [http://www.bath.ac.uk/research/case-studies/bamboo-structural-material University of Bath] (UK) has demonstrated their potential as a complementary to wood material (not a substitute) in structural applications [3]. Cross laminated Guadua-bamboo ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YixPhThRb0A G-XLam]) panels (Figure 2) developed and tested at this university with the support of British firm [http://www.amphibiabase.co.uk/ Amphibia BASE] showcased an approximate two-fold increase in density and MOE when compared to analogous cross laminated (CLT) panels (M1 BSP crossplan by Mayr-Melnhof Holz) (Table 1). This is, the in-plane compression moduli of elasticity of these CLT panels in the main direction (Epc,0) and transverse direction (Epc,90) were about half of that of G-XLam3 and G-XLam5 panels (three and five layers); e.g. Epc,0 was 7.57GPa and 14.83 GPa for CLT3 and G-XLam3 panels.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:G-XLam_bamboo-Guadua_panels_for_stiffness_driven_applications.jpg|link=File:G-XLam_bamboo-Guadua_panels_for_stiffness_driven_applications.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Figure 2 G-XLam bamboo-Guadua panels for stiffness driven applications&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Table 1 Summary of the results obtained from the in-plane compression panel testing and the FE and predicted values previously obtained by [4]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Summary_of_the_results_obtained_from_the_in-plane_compression_panel_testing_and_the_FE_and_predicted_values_previously_obtained_by_-4-.jpg|link=File:Summary_of_the_results_obtained_from_the_in-plane_compression_panel_testing_and_the_FE_and_predicted_values_previously_obtained_by_-4-.jpg]]On the other hand, the thickness of G-XLam3 and G-XLam5 panels is almost a fifth of CLT3 and CLT5 panels (e.g. thicknesses of CLT5 and G-XLam5 were 134mm and 27.5mm, respectively). This is a desirable feature stiffness driven design but, G-XLam panels possess a high slenderness ratio, which presents a structural challenge in overcoming buckling. Nevertheless, potential engineering applications for G-XLam panels are sandwich panels and stressed skin structures (e.g. monocoque), where thin but very stiff layers are separated by a core or internal structure that increases the second moment of area and reduces buckling. EBPs such as these G-XLam panels present a whole new approach to the use of bamboo in structural applications, where bamboo is not seen as substitute, but a complementary material that in combination with wood and/or lightweight cores can provide the required stiffness with reduced cross-sections. However, further testing, research and understanding of the mechanical behaviour of EBPs is required, together with the optimisation of current manufacturing processes and their incorporation within timber standards for structural design.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Overall, EBPs such as G-XLam and the commercially available bamboo plywood and strand woven bamboo (SWB), whose physical (e.g. density, durability, hardness) and mechanical properties have been improved through industrial processes outperform conventional materials in terms of their contribution to the overall CO2 sequestration. Additionally, EBPs store more CO2 than non-processed bamboo culms.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
More information about engineered bamboo products (EBPs) can be found at [https://goo.gl/sRGNa9 https://goo.gl/sRGNa9] [6]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= References =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[1] Delft University of Technology, “IDEMAT database.” Faculty of Deisgn, Engineering and Production, Delft, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[2] G. P. Hammond and C. I. Jones, “Embodied energy and carbon in construction materials,” Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy, vol. 161, pp. 87–98, 2008.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[3] H. F. Archila, “Thermo-hydro-mechanically modified cross-laminated Guadua-bamboo panels,” PhD Thesis, University of Bath, 2015.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[4] H. F. Archila, D. Brandon, M. P. Ansell, P. Walker, and G. A. Ormondroyd, “Evaluation of the mechanical properties of cross laminated bamboo panels by digital image correlation and finite element modelling .,” in WCTE 2014, World Conference on Timber Engineering, 2014, p. 43.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[5] Mayr-Melnhof Kaufmann Group, “Manual Cross-laminated timber panels M1 BSP cross plan,” Austria, 2009.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[6] D. Trujillo and H. F. Archila, “Engineered bamboo and bamboo engineering,” High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, HP14 4ND, UK, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:International]] [[Category:Publications_/_reports]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Amphibio</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:Equivalent_C02_sequestration_in_bamboo_and_wood_forest.jpg</id>
		<title>File:Equivalent C02 sequestration in bamboo and wood forest.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:Equivalent_C02_sequestration_in_bamboo_and_wood_forest.jpg"/>
				<updated>2016-11-25T15:30:03Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Amphibio: Engineered bamboo products (EBPs) and engineered wood products (EWPs) possess an intrinsic carbon storage capability, as well as potentially lower embodied energy and carbon dioxide emissions from manufacturing than conventional construction products such&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Engineered bamboo products (EBPs) and engineered wood products (EWPs) possess an intrinsic carbon storage capability, as well as potentially lower embodied energy and carbon dioxide emissions from manufacturing than conventional construction products such as concrete or steel.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Amphibio</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Engineered_bamboo</id>
		<title>Engineered bamboo</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Engineered_bamboo"/>
				<updated>2016-11-25T15:25:20Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Amphibio: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Bamboo can be engineered to form products with improved and/or standardised mechanical, physical and aesthetic properties. As in the case for other lignocellulosic materials such as wood, bamboo poles (culms) with variable diameters, lengths and shapes can be transformed into straight edged engineered products with predictable properties for construction applications.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Engineered bamboo products (EBPs) and engineered wood products (EWPs) possess an intrinsic carbon storage capability, as well as potentially lower embodied energy and carbon dioxide emissions from manufacturing than conventional construction products such as concrete or steel. For instance, the carbon footprint of concrete and stainless steel (304) is about twice to ten times higher than that of a bamboo plywood (a laminated EBP) or an indoor use plywood according to IDEMAT database (2016) [1]. Seemingly, the embodied energy for producing one kilogramme (kg) of stainless steel is almost four times higher than that of producing one kilogramme of plywood [2] or bamboo plywood; this is 56.70 MJ/kg for the former and 15 MJ/kg and 15.5 for the laminated EBP [1]. Figure 1 illustrates EBP's capability of storing more carbon dioxide (CO2) than the raw and non-processed bamboo culms. This is, more CO2 storage equivalent in the bamboo plantation due to the higher use of material per dry weight (d.w.) for the manufacture of EBPs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Equivalent C02 sequestration in bamboo and wood forest for different bamboo based products. Data from (J. G. Vogtlnder et al., 2013).jpg|link=www.amphibiabase.com]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Figure 1 Equivalent C02 sequestration in bamboo and wood forest for different bamboo based products. Data from [3].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In addition to bamboo’s remarkable environmental features and high yield of carbon storing biomass when transformed into durable EBPs, recent research at the [http://www.bath.ac.uk/research/case-studies/bamboo-structural-material University of Bath] (UK) has demonstrated their potential as a complementary to wood material (not a substitute) in structural applications [3]. Cross laminated Guadua-bamboo ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YixPhThRb0A G-XLam]) panels (Figure 2) developed and tested at this university with the support of British firm [http://www.amphibiabase.co.uk/ Amphibia BASE] showcased an approximate two-fold increase in density and MOE when compared to analogous cross laminated (CLT) panels (M1 BSP crossplan by Mayr-Melnhof Holz) (Table 1). This is, the in-plane compression moduli of elasticity of these CLT panels in the main direction (Epc,0) and transverse direction (Epc,90) were about half of that of G-XLam3 and G-XLam5 panels (three and five layers); e.g. Epc,0 was 7.57GPa and 14.83 GPa for CLT3 and G-XLam3 panels.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:G-XLam_bamboo-Guadua_panels_for_stiffness_driven_applications.jpg|link=File:G-XLam_bamboo-Guadua_panels_for_stiffness_driven_applications.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Figure 2 G-XLam bamboo-Guadua panels for stiffness driven applications&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Table 1 Summary of the results obtained from the in-plane compression panel testing and the FE and predicted values previously obtained by [4]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Summary_of_the_results_obtained_from_the_in-plane_compression_panel_testing_and_the_FE_and_predicted_values_previously_obtained_by_-4-.jpg|link=File:Summary_of_the_results_obtained_from_the_in-plane_compression_panel_testing_and_the_FE_and_predicted_values_previously_obtained_by_-4-.jpg]]On the other hand, the thickness of G-XLam3 and G-XLam5 panels is almost a fifth of CLT3 and CLT5 panels (e.g. thicknesses of CLT5 and G-XLam5 were 134mm and 27.5mm, respectively). This is a desirable feature stiffness driven design but, G-XLam panels possess a high slenderness ratio, which presents a structural challenge in overcoming buckling. Nevertheless, potential engineering applications for G-XLam panels are sandwich panels and stressed skin structures (e.g. monocoque), where thin but very stiff layers are separated by a core or internal structure that increases the second moment of area and reduces buckling. EBPs such as these G-XLam panels present a whole new approach to the use of bamboo in structural applications, where bamboo is not seen as substitute, but a complementary material that in combination with wood and/or lightweight cores can provide the required stiffness with reduced cross-sections. However, further testing, research and understanding of the mechanical behaviour of EBPs is required, together with the optimisation of current manufacturing processes and their incorporation within timber standards for structural design.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Overall, EBPs such as G-XLam and the commercially available bamboo plywood and strand woven bamboo (SWB), whose physical (e.g. density, durability, hardness) and mechanical properties have been improved through industrial processes outperform conventional materials in terms of their contribution to the overall CO2 sequestration. Additionally, EBPs store more CO2 than non-processed bamboo culms.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
More information about engineered bamboo products (EBPs) can be found at [https://goo.gl/sRGNa9 https://goo.gl/sRGNa9] [6]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= References =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[1] Delft University of Technology, “IDEMAT database.” Faculty of Deisgn, Engineering and Production, Delft, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[2] G. P. Hammond and C. I. Jones, “Embodied energy and carbon in construction materials,” Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy, vol. 161, pp. 87–98, 2008.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[3] H. F. Archila, “Thermo-hydro-mechanically modified cross-laminated Guadua-bamboo panels,” PhD Thesis, University of Bath, 2015.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[4] H. F. Archila, D. Brandon, M. P. Ansell, P. Walker, and G. A. Ormondroyd, “Evaluation of the mechanical properties of cross laminated bamboo panels by digital image correlation and finite element modelling .,” in WCTE 2014, World Conference on Timber Engineering, 2014, p. 43.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[5] Mayr-Melnhof Kaufmann Group, “Manual Cross-laminated timber panels M1 BSP cross plan,” Austria, 2009.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[6] D. Trujillo and H. F. Archila, “Engineered bamboo and bamboo engineering,” High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, HP14 4ND, UK, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:International]] [[Category:Publications_/_reports]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Amphibio</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Engineered_bamboo</id>
		<title>Engineered bamboo</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Engineered_bamboo"/>
				<updated>2016-11-25T15:20:38Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Amphibio: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Bamboo can be engineered to form products with improved and/or standardised mechanical, physical and aesthetic properties. As in the case for other lignocellulosic materials such as wood, bamboo poles (culms) with variable diameters, lengths and shapes can be transformed into straight edged engineered products with predictable properties for construction applications.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Engineered bamboo products (EBPs) and engineered wood products (EWPs) possess an intrinsic carbon storage capability, as well as potentially lower embodied energy and carbon dioxide emissions from manufacturing than conventional construction products such as concrete or steel. For instance, the carbon footprint of concrete and stainless steel (304) is about twice to ten times higher than that of a bamboo plywood (a laminated EBP) or an indoor use plywood according to IDEMAT database (2016) [1]. Seemingly, the embodied energy for producing one kilogramme (kg) of stainless steel is almost four times higher than that of producing one kilogramme of plywood [2] or bamboo plywood; this is 56.70 MJ/kg for the former and 15 MJ/kg and 15.5 for the laminated EBP [1]. Figure 1 illustrates EBP's capability of storing more carbon dioxide (CO2) than the raw and non-processed bamboo culms. This is, more CO2 storage equivalent in the bamboo plantation due to the higher use of material per dry weight (d.w.) for the manufacture of EBPs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Equivalent C02 sequestration in bamboo and wood forest for different bamboo based products. Data from (J. G. Vogtlnder et al., 2013).jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Figure 1 Equivalent C02 sequestration in bamboo and wood forest for different bamboo based products. Data from [3].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In addition to bamboo’s remarkable environmental features and high yield of carbon storing biomass when transformed into durable EBPs, recent research at the [http://www.bath.ac.uk/research/case-studies/bamboo-structural-material University of Bath] (UK) has demonstrated their potential as a complementary to wood material (not a substitute) in structural applications [3]. Cross laminated Guadua-bamboo ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YixPhThRb0A G-XLam]) panels (Figure 2) developed and tested at this university with the support of British firm [http://www.amphibiabase.co.uk/ Amphibia BASE] showcased an approximate two-fold increase in density and MOE when compared to analogous cross laminated (CLT) panels (M1 BSP crossplan by Mayr-Melnhof Holz) (Table 1). This is, the in-plane compression moduli of elasticity of these CLT panels in the main direction (Epc,0) and transverse direction (Epc,90) were about half of that of G-XLam3 and G-XLam5 panels (three and five layers); e.g. Epc,0 was 7.57GPa and 14.83 GPa for CLT3 and G-XLam3 panels.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:G-XLam_bamboo-Guadua_panels_for_stiffness_driven_applications.jpg|link=File:G-XLam_bamboo-Guadua_panels_for_stiffness_driven_applications.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Figure 2 G-XLam bamboo-Guadua panels for stiffness driven applications&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Table 1 Summary of the results obtained from the in-plane compression panel testing and the FE and predicted values previously obtained by [4]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Summary_of_the_results_obtained_from_the_in-plane_compression_panel_testing_and_the_FE_and_predicted_values_previously_obtained_by_-4-.jpg|link=File:Summary_of_the_results_obtained_from_the_in-plane_compression_panel_testing_and_the_FE_and_predicted_values_previously_obtained_by_-4-.jpg]]On the other hand, the thickness of G-XLam3 and G-XLam5 panels is almost a fifth of CLT3 and CLT5 panels (e.g. thicknesses of CLT5 and G-XLam5 were 134mm and 27.5mm, respectively). This is a desirable feature stiffness driven design but, G-XLam panels possess a high slenderness ratio, which presents a structural challenge in overcoming buckling. Nevertheless, potential engineering applications for G-XLam panels are sandwich panels and stressed skin structures (e.g. monocoque), where thin but very stiff layers are separated by a core or internal structure that increases the second moment of area and reduces buckling. EBPs such as these G-XLam panels present a whole new approach to the use of bamboo in structural applications, where bamboo is not seen as substitute, but a complementary material that in combination with wood and/or lightweight cores can provide the required stiffness with reduced cross-sections. However, further testing, research and understanding of the mechanical behaviour of EBPs is required, together with the optimisation of current manufacturing processes and their incorporation within timber standards for structural design.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Overall, EBPs such as G-XLam and the commercially available bamboo plywood and strand woven bamboo (SWB), whose physical (e.g. density, durability, hardness) and mechanical properties have been improved through industrial processes outperform conventional materials in terms of their contribution to the overall CO2 sequestration. Additionally, EBPs store more CO2 than non-processed bamboo culms.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
More information about engineered bamboo products (EBPs) can be found at [https://goo.gl/sRGNa9 https://goo.gl/sRGNa9] [6]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= References =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[1] Delft University of Technology, “IDEMAT database.” Faculty of Deisgn, Engineering and Production, Delft, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[2] G. P. Hammond and C. I. Jones, “Embodied energy and carbon in construction materials,” Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy, vol. 161, pp. 87–98, 2008.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[3] H. F. Archila, “Thermo-hydro-mechanically modified cross-laminated Guadua-bamboo panels,” PhD Thesis, University of Bath, 2015.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[4] H. F. Archila, D. Brandon, M. P. Ansell, P. Walker, and G. A. Ormondroyd, “Evaluation of the mechanical properties of cross laminated bamboo panels by digital image correlation and finite element modelling .,” in WCTE 2014, World Conference on Timber Engineering, 2014, p. 43.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[5] Mayr-Melnhof Kaufmann Group, “Manual Cross-laminated timber panels M1 BSP cross plan,” Austria, 2009.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[6] D. Trujillo and H. F. Archila, “Engineered bamboo and bamboo engineering,” High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, HP14 4ND, UK, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:International]] [[Category:Publications_/_reports]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Amphibio</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Engineered_bamboo</id>
		<title>Engineered bamboo</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Engineered_bamboo"/>
				<updated>2016-11-25T15:19:15Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Amphibio: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Bamboo can be engineered to form products with improved and/or standardised mechanical, physical and aesthetic properties. As in the case for other lignocellulosic materials such as wood, bamboo poles (culms) with variable diameters, lengths and shapes can be transformed into straight edged engineered products with predictable properties for construction applications.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Engineered bamboo products (EBPs) and engineered wood products (EWPs) possess an intrinsic carbon storage capability, as well as potentially lower embodied energy and carbon dioxide emissions from manufacturing than conventional construction products such as concrete or steel. For instance, the carbon footprint of concrete and stainless steel (304) is about twice to ten times higher than that of a bamboo plywood (a laminated EBP) or an indoor use plywood according to IDEMAT database (2016) [1]. Seemingly, the embodied energy for producing one kilogramme (kg) of stainless steel is almost four times higher than that of producing one kilogramme of plywood [2] or bamboo plywood; this is 56.70 MJ/kg for the former and 15 MJ/kg and 15.5 for the laminated EBP [1]. Figure 1 illustrates EBP's capability of storing more carbon dioxide (CO2) than the raw and non-processed bamboo culms. This is, more CO2 storage equivalent in the bamboo plantation due to the higher use of material per dry weight (d.w.) for the manufacture of EBPs .&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Equivalent C02 sequestration in bamboo and wood forest for different bamboo based products. Data from (J. G. Vogtlnder et al., 2013).jpg]]Figure 1 Equivalent C02 sequestration in bamboo and wood forest for different bamboo based products. Data from [3].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In addition to bamboo’s remarkable environmental features and high yield of carbon storing biomass when transformed into durable EBPs, recent research at the [http://www.bath.ac.uk/research/case-studies/bamboo-structural-material University of Bath] (UK) has demonstrated their potential as a complementary to wood material (not a substitute) in structural applications [3]. Cross laminated Guadua-bamboo ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YixPhThRb0A G-XLam]) panels (Figure 2) developed and tested at this university with the support of British firm [http://www.amphibiabase.co.uk/ Amphibia BASE] showcased an approximate two-fold increase in density and MOE when compared to analogous cross laminated (CLT) panels (M1 BSP crossplan by Mayr-Melnhof Holz) (Table 1). This is, the in-plane compression moduli of elasticity of these CLT panels in the main direction (Epc,0) and transverse direction (Epc,90) were about half of that of G-XLam3 and G-XLam5 panels (three and five layers); e.g. Epc,0 was 7.57GPa and 14.83 GPa for CLT3 and G-XLam3 panels.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:G-XLam bamboo-Guadua panels for stiffness driven applications.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Figure 2 G-XLam bamboo-Guadua panels for stiffness driven applications&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Table 1 Summary of the results obtained from the in-plane compression panel testing and the FE and predicted values previously obtained by [4]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Summary of the results obtained from the in-plane compression panel testing and the FE and predicted values previously obtained by -4-.jpg]]On the other hand, the thickness of G-XLam3 and G-XLam5 panels is almost a fifth of CLT3 and CLT5 panels (e.g. thicknesses of CLT5 and G-XLam5 were 134mm and 27.5mm, respectively). This is a desirable feature stiffness driven design but, G-XLam panels possess a high slenderness ratio, which presents a structural challenge in overcoming buckling. Nevertheless, potential engineering applications for G-XLam panels are sandwich panels and stressed skin structures (e.g. monocoque), where thin but very stiff layers are separated by a core or internal structure that increases the second moment of area and reduces buckling. EBPs such as these G-XLam panels present a whole new approach to the use of bamboo in structural applications, where bamboo is not seen as substitute, but a complementary material that in combination with wood and/or lightweight cores can provide the required stiffness with reduced cross-sections. However, further testing, research and understanding of the mechanical behaviour of EBPs is required, together with the optimisation of current manufacturing processes and their incorporation within timber standards for structural design.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Overall, EBPs such as G-XLam and the commercially available bamboo plywood and strand woven bamboo (SWB), whose physical (e.g. density, durability, hardness) and mechanical properties have been improved through industrial processes outperform conventional materials in terms of their contribution to the overall CO2 sequestration. Additionally, EBPs store more CO2 than non-processed bamboo culms.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
More information about engineered bamboo products (EBPs) can be found at [https://goo.gl/sRGNa9 https://goo.gl/sRGNa9] [6]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= References =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[1] Delft University of Technology, “IDEMAT database.” Faculty of Deisgn, Engineering and Production, Delft, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[2] G. P. Hammond and C. I. Jones, “Embodied energy and carbon in construction materials,” Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy, vol. 161, pp. 87–98, 2008.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[3] H. F. Archila, “Thermo-hydro-mechanically modified cross-laminated Guadua-bamboo panels,” PhD Thesis, University of Bath, 2015.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[4] H. F. Archila, D. Brandon, M. P. Ansell, P. Walker, and G. A. Ormondroyd, “Evaluation of the mechanical properties of cross laminated bamboo panels by digital image correlation and finite element modelling .,” in WCTE 2014, World Conference on Timber Engineering, 2014, p. 43.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[5] Mayr-Melnhof Kaufmann Group, “Manual Cross-laminated timber panels M1 BSP cross plan,” Austria, 2009.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[6] D. Trujillo and H. F. Archila, “Engineered bamboo and bamboo engineering,” High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, HP14 4ND, UK, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:International]] [[Category:Publications_/_reports]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Amphibio</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:Summary_of_the_results_obtained_from_the_in-plane_compression_panel_testing_and_the_FE_and_predicted_values_previously_obtained_by_-4-.jpg</id>
		<title>File:Summary of the results obtained from the in-plane compression panel testing and the FE and predicted values previously obtained by -4-.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:Summary_of_the_results_obtained_from_the_in-plane_compression_panel_testing_and_the_FE_and_predicted_values_previously_obtained_by_-4-.jpg"/>
				<updated>2016-11-25T15:15:41Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Amphibio: The in-plane compression moduli of elasticity of CLT panels in the main direction (〖Ep〗_(C,0)) and transverse direction (〖Ep〗_(C,90)) were about half of that of G-XLam3 and G-XLam5 panels (three and five layers); e.g. 〖Ep〗_(C,0) was 7.57GPa an&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The in-plane compression moduli of elasticity of CLT panels in the main direction (Ep_(C,0)) and transverse direction (Ep_(C,90)) were about half of that of G-XLam3 and G-XLam5 panels (three and five layers); e.g. Ep_(C,0) was 7.57GPa and 14.83 GPa for CLT3 and G-XLam3 panels.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Amphibio</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:G-XLam_bamboo-Guadua_panels_for_stiffness_driven_applications.jpg</id>
		<title>File:G-XLam bamboo-Guadua panels for stiffness driven applications.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:G-XLam_bamboo-Guadua_panels_for_stiffness_driven_applications.jpg"/>
				<updated>2016-11-25T15:11:16Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Amphibio: Cross laminated Guadua-bamboo (G-XLam) panels (Figure 2) developed and tested at this university with the support of British firm Amphibia BASE  showcased an approximate two-fold increase in density and MOE when compared to analogous cross laminated (CLT)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Cross laminated Guadua-bamboo (G-XLam) panels (Figure 2) developed and tested at this university with the support of British firm Amphibia BASE showcased an approximate two-fold increase in density and MOE when compared to analogous cross laminated (CLT) panels (M1 BSP crossplan by Mayr-Melnhof Holz).&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Amphibio</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Engineered_bamboo</id>
		<title>Engineered bamboo</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Engineered_bamboo"/>
				<updated>2016-11-25T14:25:22Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Amphibio: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Bamboo can be engineered to form products with improved and/or standardised mechanical, physical and aesthetic properties. As in the case for other lignocellulosic materials such as wood, bamboo poles (culms) with variable diameters, lengths and shapes can be transformed into straight edged engineered products with predictable properties for construction applications.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Engineered bamboo products (EBPs) and engineered wood products (EWPs) possess an intrinsic carbon storage capability, as well as potentially lower embodied energy and carbon dioxide emissions from manufacturing than conventional construction products such as concrete or steel. For instance, the carbon footprint of concrete and stainless steel (304) is about twice to ten times higher than that of a bamboo plywood (a laminated EBP) or an indoor use plywood according to IDEMAT database (2016) [1]. Seemingly, the embodied energy for producing one kilogramme (kg) of stainless steel is almost four times higher than that of producing one kilogramme of plywood [2] or bamboo plywood; this is 56.70 MJ/kg for the former and 15 MJ/kg and 15.5 for the laminated EBP [1]. Table 1 illustrates EBP's capability of storing more carbon dioxide (CO2) than the raw and non-processed bamboo culms. This is, more CO2 storage equivalent in the bamboo plantation due to the higher use of material per dry weight (d.w.) for the manufacture of EBPs .&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Table 1. Equivalent C02 sequestration in bamboo and wood forest for different bamboo based products. Data from [3].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[w/index.php?title=Special:Upload&amp;amp;wpDestFile=Equivalent_C02_sequestration_in_bamboo_and_wood_forest_for_different_bamboo_based_products._Data_from_(J._G._Vogtlnder_et_al.,_2013).jpg|File:Equivalent C02 sequestration in bamboo and wood forest for different bamboo based products. Data from (J. G. Vogtlnder et al., 2013).jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Additionally to the&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
More information can be found at [https://goo.gl/sRGNa9 https://goo.gl/sRGNa9] [20]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= References =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[1] Delft University of Technology, “IDEMAT database.” Faculty of Deisgn, Engineering and Production, Delft, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[2] G. P. Hammond and C. I. Jones, “Embodied energy and carbon in construction materials,” Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy, vol. 161, pp. 87–98, 2008.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[3] J. G. Vogtländer, N. M. van der Velden, and P. van der Lugt, “Carbon sequestration in LCA, a proposal for a new approach based on the global carbon cycle; cases on wood and on bamboo,” The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 13–23, Aug. 2013.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[20] D. Trujillo and H. F. Archila, “Engineered bamboo and bamboo engineering,” High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, HP14 4ND, UK, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:International]] [[Category:Publications_/_reports]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Amphibio</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Engineered_bamboo</id>
		<title>Engineered bamboo</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Engineered_bamboo"/>
				<updated>2016-11-25T14:22:55Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Amphibio: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Bamboo can be engineered to form products with improved and/or standardised mechanical, physical and aesthetic properties. As in the case for other lignocellulosic materials such as wood, bamboo poles (culms) with variable diameters, lengths and shapes can be transformed into straight edged engineered products with predictable properties for construction applications.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Engineered bamboo products (EBPs) and engineered wood products (EWPs) possess an intrinsic carbon storage capability, as well as potentially lower embodied energy and carbon dioxide emissions from manufacturing than conventional construction products such as concrete or steel. For instance, the carbon footprint of concrete and stainless steel (304) is about twice to ten times higher than that of a bamboo plywood (a laminated EBP) or an indoor use plywood according to IDEMAT database (2016) [1]. Seemingly, the embodied energy for producing one kilogramme (kg) of stainless steel is almost four times higher than that of producing one kilogramme of plywood [2] or bamboo plywood; this is 56.70 MJ/kg for the former and 15 MJ/kg and 15.5 for the laminated EBP [1]. Table 1 illustrates EBP's capability of storing more carbon dioxide (CO2) than the raw and non-processed bamboo culms. This is, more CO2 storage equivalent in the bamboo plantation due to the higher use of material per dry weight (d.w.) for the manufacture of EBPs .&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Table 1. Equivalent C02 sequestration in bamboo and wood forest for different bamboo based products. Data from [3].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Equivalent C02 sequestration in bamboo and wood forest for different bamboo based products. Data from (J. G. Vogtlnder et al., 2013).jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Additionally to the&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
More information can be found at [https://goo.gl/sRGNa9 https://goo.gl/sRGNa9] [20]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= References =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[1] Delft University of Technology, “IDEMAT database.” Faculty of Deisgn, Engineering and Production, Delft, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[2] G. P. Hammond and C. I. Jones, “Embodied energy and carbon in construction materials,” Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy, vol. 161, pp. 87–98, 2008.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[3] J. G. Vogtländer, N. M. van der Velden, and P. van der Lugt, “Carbon sequestration in LCA, a proposal for a new approach based on the global carbon cycle; cases on wood and on bamboo,” The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 13–23, Aug. 2013.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[20] D. Trujillo and H. F. Archila, “Engineered bamboo and bamboo engineering,” High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, HP14 4ND, UK, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:International]] [[Category:Publications_/_reports]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Amphibio</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:Equivalent_C02_sequestration_in_bamboo_and_wood_forest_for_different_bamboo_based_products._Data_from_(J._G._Vogtl%C3%A4nder_et_al.,_2013).jpg</id>
		<title>File:Equivalent C02 sequestration in bamboo and wood forest for different bamboo based products. Data from (J. G. Vogtländer et al., 2013).jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:Equivalent_C02_sequestration_in_bamboo_and_wood_forest_for_different_bamboo_based_products._Data_from_(J._G._Vogtl%C3%A4nder_et_al.,_2013).jpg"/>
				<updated>2016-11-25T14:01:45Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Amphibio: Overall, highly-processed bamboo products such as flattened bamboo and plybamboo, whose physical properties (e.g. density, durability, hardness) have been improved through industrial processes outperform conventional materials in terms of their contributi&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Overall, highly-processed bamboo products such as flattened bamboo and plybamboo, whose physical properties (e.g. density, durability, hardness) have been improved through industrial processes outperform conventional materials in terms of their contribution to the overall CO2 sequestration. Additionally, highly-processed bamboo products sequester more CO2 than moderately-processed bamboo products.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Amphibio</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Engineered_bamboo</id>
		<title>Engineered bamboo</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Engineered_bamboo"/>
				<updated>2016-11-25T13:53:16Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Amphibio: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Bamboo can be engineered to form products with improved and/or standardised mechanical, physical and aesthetic properties. As in the case for other lignocellulosic materials such as wood, bamboo poles (culms) with variable diameters, lengths and shapes can be transformed into straight edged engineered products with predictable properties for construction applications.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Engineered bamboo products (EBPs) and engineered wood products (EWPs) possess an intrinsic carbon storage capability, as well as potentially lower embodied energy and carbon dioxide emissions from manufacturing than conventional construction products such as concrete or steel. For instance, the carbon footprint of concrete and stainless steel (304) is about twice to ten times higher than that of a bamboo plywood (a laminated EBP) or an indoor use plywood according to IDEMAT database (2016) [1]. Seemingly, the embodied energy for producing one kilogramme of stainless steel is almost four times higher than that of producing one kilogramme of plywood [2] or bamboo plywood; this is 56.70 MJ/kg for the former and 15 MJ/kg and 15.5 for the laminated EBP [1]. Table 1 illustrates the potential of EBPs&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Table 1. Equivalent C02 sequestration in bamboo and wood forest for different bamboo based products. Data from [3].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Equivalent C02 sequestration in bamboo and wood forest for different bamboo based products. Data from (J. G. Vogtlnder et al., 2013)..png]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= References =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[1] Delft University of Technology, “IDEMAT database.” Faculty of Deisgn, Engineering and Production, Delft, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[2] G. P. Hammond and C. I. Jones, “Embodied energy and carbon in construction materials,” Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy, vol. 161, pp. 87–98, 2008.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[3] J. G. Vogtländer, N. M. van der Velden, and P. van der Lugt, “Carbon sequestration in LCA, a proposal for a new approach based on the global carbon cycle; cases on wood and on bamboo,” The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 13–23, Aug. 2013.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:International]] [[Category:Publications_/_reports]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Amphibio</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Engineered_bamboo</id>
		<title>Engineered bamboo</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Engineered_bamboo"/>
				<updated>2016-11-25T13:46:12Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Amphibio: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Bamboo can be engineered to form products with improved and/or standardised mechanical, physical and aesthetic properties. As in the case for other lignocellulosic materials such as wood, bamboo poles (culms) with variable diameters, lengths and shapes can be transformed into straight edged engineered products with predictable properties for construction applications.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Engineered bamboo products (EBPs) and engineered wood products (EWPs) possess an intrinsic carbon storage capability, as well as potentially lower embodied energy and carbon dioxide emissions from manufacturing than conventional construction products such as concrete or steel. For instance, the carbon footprint of concrete and stainless steel (304) is about twice to ten times higher than that of a bamboo plywood (a laminated EBP) or an indoor use plywood according to IDEMAT database (2016) [1]. Seemingly, the embodied energy for producing one kilogramme of stainless steel is almost four times higher than that of producing one kilogramme of plywood [2] or bamboo plywood; this is 56.70 MJ/kg for the former and 15 MJ/kg and 15.5 for the laminated EBP [1].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Table 1. Equivalent C02 sequestration in bamboo and wood forest for different bamboo based products. Data from [3].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Equivalent C02 sequestration in bamboo and wood forest for different bamboo based products. Data from (J. G. Vogtlnder et al., 2013)..png]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
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= References =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[1] Delft University of Technology, “IDEMAT database.” Faculty of Deisgn, Engineering and Production, Delft, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[2] G. P. Hammond and C. I. Jones, “Embodied energy and carbon in construction materials,” Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy, vol. 161, pp. 87–98, 2008.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[3] J. G. Vogtländer, N. M. van der Velden, and P. van der Lugt, “Carbon sequestration in LCA, a proposal for a new approach based on the global carbon cycle; cases on wood and on bamboo,” The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 13–23, Aug. 2013.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:International]] [[Category:Publications_/_reports]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Amphibio</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Engineered_bamboo</id>
		<title>Engineered bamboo</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Engineered_bamboo"/>
				<updated>2016-11-25T13:45:32Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Amphibio: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Bamboo can be engineered to form products with improved and/or standardised mechanical, physical and aesthetic properties. As in the case for other lignocellulosic materials such as wood, bamboo poles (culms) with variable diameters, lengths and shapes can be transformed into straight edged engineered products with predictable properties for construction applications.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Engineered bamboo products (EBPs) and engineered wood products (EWPs) possess an intrinsic carbon storage capability, as well as potentially lower embodied energy and carbon dioxide emissions from manufacturing than conventional construction products such as concrete or steel. For instance, the carbon footprint of concrete and stainless steel (304) is about twice to ten times higher than that of a bamboo plywood (a laminated EBP) or an indoor use plywood according to IDEMAT database (2016) [1]. Seemingly, the embodied energy for producing one kilogramme of stainless steel is almost four times higher than that of producing one kilogramme of plywood [2] or bamboo plywood; this is 56.70 MJ/kg for the former and 15 MJ/kg and 15.5 for the laminated EBP [1].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Table 1. Equivalent C02 sequestration in bamboo and wood forest for different bamboo based products. Data from [3].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[w/index.php?title=Special:Upload&amp;amp;wpDestFile=Equivalent_C02_sequestration_in_bamboo_and_wood_forest_for_different_bamboo_based_products._Data_from_(J._G._Vogtlnder_et_al.,_2013)..png|File:Equivalent C02 sequestration in bamboo and wood forest for different bamboo based products. Data from (J. G. Vogtlnder et al., 2013)..png]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= References =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[1] Delft University of Technology, “IDEMAT database.” Faculty of Deisgn, Engineering and Production, Delft, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[2] G. P. Hammond and C. I. Jones, “Embodied energy and carbon in construction materials,” Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy, vol. 161, pp. 87–98, 2008.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[3] J. G. Vogtländer, N. M. van der Velden, and P. van der Lugt, “Carbon sequestration in LCA, a proposal for a new approach based on the global carbon cycle; cases on wood and on bamboo,” The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 13–23, Aug. 2013.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:International]] [[Category:Publications_/_reports]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Amphibio</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Engineered_bamboo</id>
		<title>Engineered bamboo</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Engineered_bamboo"/>
				<updated>2016-11-25T13:44:30Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Amphibio: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Bamboo can be engineered to form products with improved and/or standardised mechanical, physical and aesthetic properties. As in the case for other lignocellulosic materials such as wood, bamboo poles (culms) with variable diameters, lengths and shapes can be transformed into straight edged engineered products with predictable properties for construction applications.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Engineered bamboo products (EBPs) and engineered wood products (EWPs) possess an intrinsic carbon storage capability, as well as potentially lower embodied energy and carbon dioxide emissions from manufacturing than conventional construction products such as concrete or steel. For instance, the carbon footprint of concrete and stainless steel (304) is about twice to ten times higher than that of a bamboo plywood (a laminated EBP) or an indoor use plywood according to IDEMAT database (2016) [1]. Seemingly, the embodied energy for producing one kilogramme of stainless steel is almost four times higher than that of producing one kilogramme of plywood [2] or bamboo plywood; this is 56.70 MJ/kg for the former and 15 MJ/kg and 15.5 for the laminated EBP [1].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Table 1. Equivalent C02 sequestration in bamboo and wood forest for different bamboo based products. Data from (J. G. Vogtländer et al., 2013).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Equivalent C02 sequestration in bamboo and wood forest for different bamboo based products. Data from (J. G. Vogtlnder et al., 2013)..png]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= References =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[1] Delft University of Technology, “IDEMAT database.” Faculty of Deisgn, Engineering and Production, Delft, 2016.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[2] G. P. Hammond and C. I. Jones, “Embodied energy and carbon in construction materials,” Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy, vol. 161, pp. 87–98, 2008.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:International]] [[Category:Publications_/_reports]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Amphibio</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Engineered_bamboo</id>
		<title>Engineered bamboo</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Engineered_bamboo"/>
				<updated>2016-11-25T13:41:10Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Amphibio: Created page with &amp;quot;Bamboo can be engineered to form products with improved and/or standardised mechanical, physical and aesthetic properties. As in the case for other lignocellulosic materials such...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Bamboo can be engineered to form products with improved and/or standardised mechanical, physical and aesthetic properties. As in the case for other lignocellulosic materials such as wood, bamboo poles (culms) with variable diameters, lengths and shapes can be transformed into straight edged engineered products with predictable properties for construction applications.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Engineered bamboo products (EBPs) and engineered wood products (EWPs) possess an intrinsic carbon storage capability, as well as potentially lower embodied energy and carbon dioxide emissions from manufacturing than conventional construction products such as concrete or steel. For instance, the carbon footprint of concrete and stainless steel (304) is about twice to ten times higher than that of a bamboo plywood (a laminated EBP) or an indoor use plywood according to IDEMAT database (2016) [1]. Seemingly, the embodied energy for producing one kilogramme of stainless steel is almost four times higher than that of producing one kilogramme of plywood [2] or bamboo plywood; this is 56.70 MJ/kg for the former and 15 MJ/kg and 15.5 for the laminated EBP [1].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:International]] [[Category:Publications_/_reports]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Amphibio</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:Equivalent_C02_sequestration_in_bamboo_and_wood_forest_for_different_bamboo_based_products._Data_from_(J._G._Vogtl%C3%A4nder_et_al.,_2013)..png</id>
		<title>File:Equivalent C02 sequestration in bamboo and wood forest for different bamboo based products. Data from (J. G. Vogtländer et al., 2013)..png</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:Equivalent_C02_sequestration_in_bamboo_and_wood_forest_for_different_bamboo_based_products._Data_from_(J._G._Vogtl%C3%A4nder_et_al.,_2013)..png"/>
				<updated>2016-11-25T12:43:24Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Amphibio: Overall, highly-processed bamboo products such as flattened bamboo and plybamboo, whose physical properties (e.g. density, durability, hardness) have been improved through industrial processes outperform conventional materials in terms of their contributi&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Overall, highly-processed bamboo products such as flattened bamboo and plybamboo, whose physical properties (e.g. density, durability, hardness) have been improved through industrial processes outperform conventional materials in terms of their contribution to the overall CO2 sequestration. Additionally, highly-processed bamboo products sequester more CO2 than moderately-processed bamboo products.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Amphibio</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/User:Amphibio</id>
		<title>User:Amphibio</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/User:Amphibio"/>
				<updated>2016-11-25T11:44:22Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Amphibio: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Hector is a specialist in bio-based architecture and structural engineering with extensive experience in the use of round and engineered bamboo in construction. He is cofounder and CEO of Amphibia BASE Ltd, a professional services firm based in the UK that provides state-of-the-art design, engineering and R&amp;amp;amp;D solutions with sustainable construction materials such as bamboo and timber.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Since 2003, Hector has been directly involved with the design, management and construction of over 30,000 sq. ft. of bamboo structures and worked on the research and development of manufacturing technologies for structural engineered bamboo products.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He has an up-to-date knowledge of the market and traditional and state-of-the-art manufacturing technologies within the bio-based, wood and bamboo industries. This is thanks to Hector’s active collaboration with researchers and industrials in multiple industrial and academic networking platforms and events worldwide.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He has been received several funding grants for academic and commercial initiatives from private and public organisations such as Ned Jaquith Foundation (USA), Innovate UK &amp;amp;amp; HEFCE (SET-Squared, UK), Santander Bank and COLCIENCIAS (Colombia).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, within the R&amp;amp;amp;D division of Amphibia BASE, Hector is leading the innovation Engineered Bamboo to Market ([http://www.bamboo2market.com http://www.bamboo2market.com]), which aims to deliver standardised and commercially feasible engineered bamboo products and technologies.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Amphibio</name></author>	</entry>

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