Designing Buildings - User contributions [en]

User:ACCA software

2021-06-29T09:25:36Z

ACCA software:

ACCA software provides solutions for the architecture, engineering and construction sectors. Founded in 1989, ACCA is the pioneer and leader in developing BIM Authoring software and Cloud-based BIM applications and services for the AECO industries well known for ease of use, its highly creative and practical approach, its strong attitude for innovation and the ability to provide adequate answers to the growing needs of professionals. The simplicity and advanced technology that characterize ACCA’s software solutions, have revolutionized the construction industry empowering the BIM community worldwide and by increasing productivity in the practices of hundreds of thousands of engineers, architects, surveyors, construction and installation companies, engineering departments, schools and universities

-----
== Please, refer to the company blog biblus.accasoftware. com, in order to read a full version of the article that contain all the free downloadable files (dwg, dxf, 3d models or EDF). ==

-----

User:ACCA software

2019-02-15T08:16:43Z

ACCA software:

ACCA software S.p.A. was founded in 1989 as the evolution of an engineering practice. The first ACCA software solutions were designed to make the internal activities faster and more efficient. Products born from the experience of technicians, engineers and architects to improve their daily work. A unique blend of the engineering and information technology worlds. The simplicity and high end technology of ACCA's program have revolutionized the building industry by supplying higher productivity in the everyday activities of engineers, architects, surveyors, builders and installers, technical departments of public administrations and businesses, schools and universities. The obvious advantage that derives from the use of ACCA's software solutions has made the company's success. Nowadays ACCA has the widest range of BIM software solutions with IFC certification by buildingSMART.

-----
== Please, refer to the company blog biblus.accasoftware. com, in order to read a full version of the article that contain all the free downloadable files (dwg, dxf, 3d models or EDF). ==

-----

User:ACCA software

2019-02-15T08:16:14Z

ACCA software:

ACCA software S.p.A. was founded in 1989 as the evolution of an engineering practice. The first ACCA software solutions were designed to make the internal activities faster and more efficient. Products born from the experience of technicians, engineers and architects to improve their daily work. A unique blend of the engineering and information technology worlds. The simplicity and high end technology of ACCA's program have revolutionized the building industry by supplying higher productivity in the everyday activities of engineers, architects, surveyors, builders and installers, technical departments of public administrations and businesses, schools and universities. The obvious advantage that derives from the use of ACCA's software solutions has made the company's success. Nowadays ACCA has the widest range of BIM software solutions with IFC certification by buildingSMART.

-----
== please, refer to the company blog biblus.accasoftware. com, in order to read a full version of the article that contain all the free downloadable files (dwg, dxf, 3d models or EDF). ==

-----

How to design a kitchen

2019-02-14T14:39:53Z

ACCA software:

== [[File:How_to_design_a_kitchen-cover.jpg|link=File:How_to_design_a_kitchen-cover.jpg]] ==

= Kitchen design: the complete illustrated guide =

== Kitchen design: here’s the technical guide with everything you need to know about how to design a kitchen correctly together with rules, standards, layouts, examples and 3D project files ready for download ==

This article will analyze how to design a kitchen in a correct way. Standard kitchen sizes, along with some useful rules will be proposed to help you designing a practical and functional kitchen.

Planning the space and the location of the most important appliances, so to enable frequent tasks to be completed comfortably and efficiently, is key to a well-structured and highly organized kitchen.

Floor plans, sections (in DWG file format) of different types of kitchens together with 3D models in EDF format are available for FREE by contacting the article author.

[[File:Render1_how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|link=File:Render1_how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Kitchen rendering"

=== ===

=== Kitchen design: what is the Work triangle? ===

The space that is being designed is also known as the “work triangle”, which is the area of activity where the tasks carried out in a kitchen involve the sink, the stove and the refrigerator. The primary idea is that these three elements, connected by imaginary lines, are in close proximity (but not so close) to one another. Hence, the work triangle is designed to minimize traffic within the kitchen and to facilitate the access to the three appliances when cooking.

[[File:Work-triangle?how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|link=File:Work-triangle?how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

“Work Triangle”

Some important guidelines are suggested by the NKBA (National Kitchen and Bath Association), regarding how to set up a work triangle efficiently. It is recommended to keep the work triangle distance between the sink, fridge and cooker at 7 m (= 23 ft) or less. Work triangles that exceed 7 m/23 ft make moving from one function to another unpractical. The ideal length of the work triangle lies between 4 m (13 ft) and 6 m (19 ft). Further on this article, we will indicate measurements only with the Metric system (considering that 1 ft = 0.3048 m = 30.48 cm and 1 m = 3.28 ft).

Additionally, the kitchen work triangle is a concept used to determine different types of kitchen layouts that would be both aesthetical and functional/efficient.

Some examples of kitchen design are shown below.

== Kitchen design: typical kitchen layouts ==

A kitchen has different flows and work areas that need to be integrated throughout the project and that need to be considered by designers. There are several basic kitchen layouts that are typically used and that depends on your limits or wall, door and window locations. Specifically, the most commonly used types include:

* single wall (or linear)
* galley (with two parallel lines)
* L-shaped
* U-shaped
* L-shaped or linear with island
* L-shaped or U-shaped with peninsula

Let’s see them in detail.

=== Kitchen layout: single wall (linear) ===

This option implies the smallest possible footprint and allows to perform all tasks in a single workspace. A single wall layout has all the appliances, cabinets and countertop installed along one wall.

[[File:Single_wall_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|476px|link=File:Single_wall_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Single-wall Kitchen layout"

=== Kitchen layout: Galley ===

It is ideal for space saving and enhances efficiency during cooking. Ensure 1.2mt (3.9ft) space down the middle of the units to move comfortably and for opening cupboards. A galley layout consist of two parallel lines of units forming a central corridor where to work.

[[File:Galley_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|476px|link=File:Galley_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Galley kitchen layout"

=== Kitchen layout: L-shaped ===

It features two walls that form a perpendicular angle, maximising corner spaces while eliminating traffic. The L-shaped kitchen offers a good option for the working triangle, especially if you position the sink halfway down one side of the units and it is one of the most popular and classic type of plan.

[[File:L-shaped_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|link=File:L-shaped_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

=== Kitchen layout: U-shaped ===

It works good for both small or large kitchens.The U-shaped kitchen plan also provides a good layout for the working triangle and allows good storage, while offering three sides or walls.

[[File:U-shaped_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|link=File:U-shaped_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"U-shaped kitchen layout"

=== Kitchen layout: L-shaped or linear with island ===

The island provides storage, seating or even a food preparation area. The island design is very useful for larger kitchens where units are placed around a perimeter.

[[File:Linear_kitchen_with_insula_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|476px|link=File:Linear_kitchen_with_insula_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Linear kitchen with insula"

=== Kitchen layout: L-shaped or U-shaped with peninsula ===

Peninsulas are commonly seen in L-shaped or U-shaped kitchens within a larger space. In kitchen terms, a peninsula is similar to an island, but instead of standing free, one end is attached to the wall, serving as extension of the kitchen layout. This type of design features functional units along one wall and one window and a peninsula that continues with no need for a third wall, thus leaving one side exposed.

[[File:L-shaped_kitchen_with_peninsula_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|476px|link=File:L-shaped_kitchen_with_peninsula_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"L-shaped kitchen with peninsula"

=== Cabinet dimensions ===

Dimensions are usually relating to appliances and units and are often designed with standard measurements so to fit the kitchen furniture.

[[File:Standard_dimensions_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|link=File:Standard_dimensions_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Standard dimensions"

A standard depth of 60 cm is typical of base modules. This measurement takes into account that the sides have a width of 58 cm and add another 1.8/2.00 cm for the thickness of the door panel. A working island will also have a minimum depth of 60 cm while a wall unit of 30 cm.

72 cm plus the support leg is generally the height for cabinets while wall unit measurements range between 72/90 cm. In case of upper wall cabinet modules, these must be placed at a height of 140-150 cm from the pavement level considering the bottom panel. The working side of an island unit should match the height of the kitchen worktop.

A module's standard width is variable and depends on the use that each module has. Typically it measure 30 cm, 45 cm, 60 cm. With regard to appliances, the modules are generally 60 cm and 90 cm for cooktops, sinks and ovens.

[[File:Rendering_2_how_to_design_a_kitchen_.jpg|link=File:Rendering_2_how_to_design_a_kitchen_.jpg]]

"Kitchen rendering"

The table below shows coordinated dimensions for kitchen units and appliances:

=== Unit measurements ===

{|
|width="20%"|
=== Sizes ===
|width="20%"|
=== Base unit ===
|width="20%"|
=== Wall unit ===
|width="20%"|
=== Worktops ===
|width="20%"|
=== Sinks ===
|-
| Height
| 72 cm plus support leg
| 72-90 cm
| 2-4 cm thickness
| 15-18 cm
|-
| Width
| 30-60 cm
| 30-60 cm
| 2.5 m, 3 m or 4 m and cut to fit
| 76-95 cm
|-
| Depth
| Up to 60 cm
| 30 cm
| depth of cabinet (plus wall clearance if necessary)
| 44-50 cm
|}

=== Standard appliances dimensions ===

{|
|width="16%"|
=== Sizes ===
|width="16%"|
=== Cooking top ===
|width="16%"|
=== Fridge/Freezer ===
|width="16%"|
=== Dishwasher (Full / Slimline) ===
|width="16%"|
=== Washing machine / dryer ===
|width="16%"|
=== Built-in oven ===
|-
| Height
| —
| 140-180 cm
| starting from 70 cm
| starting from 70 cm
| starting from 45 cm
|-
| Width
| 45 – 90 cm
| starting from 60 cm
| 60 / 45 cm
| 56-60 cm
| 60 – 90 cm
|-
| Depth
| 50 cm
| starting from 50 cm
| 55 – 60 cm
| starting from 40 cm
| 55 cm
|}

=== Kitchen materials ===

[[File:Rendering_3_how_to_deisign_a_kitchen.jpg|link=File:Rendering_3_how_to_deisign_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Kitchen rendering details"

The most widely used materials for each element of the kitchen are those listed below.

== Kitchen cabinet boxes ==

They are usually built with these materials:

* particle board
* plywood
* solid wood

[[File:Materials_cabinet_how_to_design_a_kitchen.png|476px|link=File:Materials_cabinet_how_to_design_a_kitchen.png]]

"Cabinet materials examples"

== Kitchen cabinet doors ==

Typical materials used for cabinet doors are the following:

* laminate
* melanine
* lacquered MDF (medium density fireboard)
* solid wood

[[File:Door_materials_how_to_design_a_kitchen.png|476px|link=File:Door_materials_how_to_design_a_kitchen.png]]

"Cabinet door materials"

== Kitchen countertops ==

Generally, countertops are found in:

* steel 18/8 AISI 304
* acrylic resin (such as: Corian – Pral – Staron – Himacs – Nikron – Delian – GetaCore – Harmony – Policor – Wilsonart – Hanex)
* quartz conglomerate (such as: Stone – Okite – Zodiaq – Romaxx – Silestone – Technistone – Caesar Stone – Santa Margherita – Quarella – Eco by Cosentino – Ecofriend)
* romaxx quartz surfaces – Cristalite – Viatera – Oreolite)
* laminate
* glass
* marble
* natural granite
* ceramic or sintered ceramic (such as: Kerlite – Laminam – Iris – Ariostea – Florim – Lapitec – Dekton)

[[File:Materials_top_how_to_design_a_kitchen.png|476px|link=File:Materials_top_how_to_design_a_kitchen.png]]

"Countertop materials"

== Rules and Recommendations ==

=== Guidelines for the UK ===

There are some fundamental design principles when it comes to planning a kitchen that should be considered. However, a simple kitchen refresh with new units won’t generally require approval, unless knocking down a wall, moving sanitary fittings such as the sink or carryout out electrical works and ensure the room to have adequate ventilation and drainage.

Works to refit a kitchen, in the U.K., doesn’t generally require approval from local authorities and building regulations, although approval is likely to be requested for drainage, electrical works or if you install a new gas appliance, under [https://www.labc.co.uk/professionals/building-regulations-guidance-documents UK Building Regulations]. Moreover, you might still need planning permission, even for not listed homes, when altering the existing layout, therefore, changing the external house appearance, and moving a wall or a drainage.

=== Guidelines for the USA ===

The leading source in the USA is the [https://nkba.org/ National Kitchen and Bath Association (NKBA)] for kitchen design information providing the essential rules and guidelines together with the most important aspects of kitchen planning, including layouts, proper materials, lighting and other technical aspects.

With regard to electrical circuits and devices, most local codes follow the [https://www.nfpa.org/NEC/About-the-NEC/Free-online-access-to-the-NEC-and-other-electrical-standards NEC], the only electrical code in the USA that covers lighting, switches, receptacles and other appliances.

=== Electrical installations ===

Electrical installations and household appliances are one of the areas where the use and importance of standards is noticed in everyday life. European Standards on the safety of household and similar electrical appliances are continuously adapted in order to fit with the latest technological changes.

More than 20 CEN and [https://www.cenelec.eu/aboutcenelec/whatwedo/technologysectors/electricalengineering.html CENELEC Technical Committees] are developing European Standards ensuring high levels of performance and safety.

IEC TC 64 is the reference standard:

* concerning protection against electric shock arising from equipment, from installations and from systems without adequate circuit protection;
* for design, correct use and verification of all kind of electrical installations at supply voltage of up to 1 kV a.c. or 1,5 kV d.c., except those installations covered by the following IEC committees: TC 9, TC 18, TC 44, TC 97, TC 99.

=== Lighting design ===

Think creatively where you want to put your light sources.Good lighting is essential in a kitchen and must be considered alongside a basic layout. Lighting systems need to have at least two elements: bright, shadow-free task light for cooking and atmospheric lighting to create a relaxing environment.

Kitchen lighting

Downlighters work well over islands or uplights that are incorporated to the tops of cabinets. It is always useful to have lighting under the wall units to light up the preparation area and worktops.

Light colour choice, finally, is an important aspect that shouldn’t be neglected as it can impact dramatically on your scheme. While you may want LEDs to give off cool white light above worktops, warm whte is much more relaxing for the dining area.

=== Kitchen ventilation ===

Ventilation is achieved using a cooker hood in modern kitchens, however on occasion extra ventilation is required. An important step in designing a well ventilated kitchen is, for example, choosing a spot for the kitchen range. Since the range is the primary source of fumes, it must have a vent system that pulls the odours outside of the house. While a dedicated ventilation system is necessary for safety and air quality in your kitchen, you can also ensure proper ventilation by adding windows in key spots.

Requirements for ventilation are contained in part F – Ventilation, of Schedule 1 to the England and Wales Building Regulations. You also need to have special attention to fans installation. Part P of the Building Regulations covers the installation of domestic electrical appliances.

[[File:Rendee_4_lighting_how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|600px|link=File:Rendee_4_lighting_how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

=== --[[User:ACCA_software|ACCA software]] 11:23, 14 Feb 2019 (BST) ===

How to design a kitchen

2019-02-14T14:23:09Z

ACCA software:

== [[File:How_to_design_a_kitchen-cover.jpg|link=File:How_to_design_a_kitchen-cover.jpg]] ==

= Kitchen design: the complete illustrated guide =

== Kitchen design: here’s the technical guide with everything you need to know about how to design a kitchen correctly together with rules, standards, layouts, examples and 3D project files ready for download ==

This article will analyze how to design a kitchen in a correct way. Standard kitchen sizes, along with some useful rules will be proposed to help you designing a practical and functional kitchen.

Planning the space and the location of the most important appliances, so to enable frequent tasks to be completed comfortably and efficiently, is key to a well-structured and highly organized kitchen.

Floor plans, sections (in DWG file format) of different types of kitchens together with 3D models in EDF format are available for FREE by contacting the article author.

[[File:Render1_how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|link=File:Render1_how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Kitchen rendering"

=== ===

=== Kitchen design: what is the Work triangle? ===

The space that is being designed is also known as the “work triangle”, which is the area of activity where the tasks carried out in a kitchen involve the sink, the stove and the refrigerator. The primary idea is that these three elements, connected by imaginary lines, are in close proximity (but not so close) to one another. Hence, the work triangle is designed to minimize traffic within the kitchen and to facilitate the access to the three appliances when cooking.

[[File:Work-triangle?how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|link=File:Work-triangle?how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

“Work Triangle”

Some important guidelines are suggested by the NKBA (National Kitchen and Bath Association), regarding how to set up a work triangle efficiently. It is recommended to keep the work triangle distance between the sink, fridge and cooker at 7 m (= 23 ft) or less. Work triangles that exceed 7 m/23 ft make moving from one function to another unpractical. The ideal length of the work triangle lies between 4 m (13 ft) and 6 m (19 ft). Further on this article, we will indicate measurements only with the Metric system (considering that 1 ft = 0.3048 m = 30.48 cm and 1 m = 3.28 ft).

Additionally, the kitchen work triangle is a concept used to determine different types of kitchen layouts that would be both aesthetical and functional/efficient.

Some examples of kitchen design are shown below.

== Kitchen design: typical kitchen layouts ==

Designers should consider that a kitchen has different flows and work areas that need to be integrated throughout the project. There are several basic kitchen layouts that are typically used and that depends on your limits or wall, door and window locations. Specifically, the most commonly used types include:

* single wall (or linear)
* galley (with two parallel lines)
* L-shaped
* U-shaped
* L-shaped or linear with island
* L-shaped or U-shaped with peninsula

Let’s see them in detail.

=== Single wall layout ===

A single wall layout has all the appliances, cabinets and countertop installed along one wall. This option implies the smallest possible footprint and allows to perform all tasks in a single workspace.

[[File:Single_wall_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|476px|link=File:Single_wall_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Single-wall Kitchen layout"

=== Galley layout ===

A galley layout consist of two parallel lines of units forming a central corridor where to work. It is ideal for space saving and enhances efficiency during cooking. Ensure 1.2mt (3.9ft) space down the middle of the units to move comfortably and for opening cupboards.

[[File:Galley_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|476px|link=File:Galley_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Galley kitchen layout"

=== L-shaped layout ===

The L-shaped kitchen layout is one of the most popular and classic type of plan. It features two walls that form a perpendicular angle, maximising corner spaces while eliminating traffic. The L-shaped kitchen offers a good option for the working triangle, especially if you position the sink halfway down one side of the units.

[[File:L-shaped_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|link=File:L-shaped_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

=== U-shaped layout ===

The U-shaped kitchen plan also provides a good layout for the working triangle and allows good storage, while offering three sides or walls. It works good for both small or large kitchens.

[[File:U-shaped_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|link=File:U-shaped_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"U-shaped kitchen layout"

=== L-shaped or linear with island ===

The island design is very useful for larger kitchens where units are placed around a perimeter. The island provides storage, seating or even a food preparation area.

[[File:Linear_kitchen_with_insula_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|476px|link=File:Linear_kitchen_with_insula_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Linear kitchen with insula"

=== L-shaped or U-shaped with peninsula ===

In kitchen terms, a peninsula is similar to an island, but instead of standing free, one end is attached to the wall, serving as extension of the kitchen layout. Peninsulas are commonly seen in L-shaped or U-shaped kitchens within a larger space. This type of design features functional units along one wall and one window and a peninsula that continues with no need for a third wall, thus leaving one side exposed.

[[File:L-shaped_kitchen_with_peninsula_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|476px|link=File:L-shaped_kitchen_with_peninsula_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"L-shaped kitchen with peninsula"

=== Cabinet dimensions ===

Measurements are usually relating to appliances and units and are often designed with standard dimensions so to fit the kitchen furniture.

[[File:Standard_dimensions_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|link=File:Standard_dimensions_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Standard dimensions"

Base modules have a standard depth of 60 cm. This measurement takes into account that the sides have a width of 58 cm and add another 1.8/2.00 cm for the thickness of the door panel. A working island will also have a minimum depth of 60 cm while a wall unit of 30 cm.

Cabinet heights generally reach 72 cm plus the support leg height while wall unit measurements range between 72/90 cm. In case of upper wall cabinet modules, these must be placed at a height of 140-150 cm from the pavement level considering the bottom panel. The working side of an island unit should match the height of the kitchen worktop.

The standard widths of a module are variable and depend on the use that each module has. Typically they measure 30 cm, 45 cm, 60 cm. With regard to appliances, the modules are generally 60 cm and 90 cm for cooktops, sinks and ovens.

[[File:Rendering_2_how_to_design_a_kitchen_.jpg|link=File:Rendering_2_how_to_design_a_kitchen_.jpg]]

"Kitchen rendering"

The following table shows coordinated dimensions for kitchen units and appliances:

=== Kitchen unit measurements ===

{|
|width="20%"|
=== Sizes ===
|width="20%"|
=== Base unit ===
|width="20%"|
=== Wall unit ===
|width="20%"|
=== Worktops ===
|width="20%"|
=== Sinks ===
|-
| Height
| 72 cm plus support leg
| 72-90 cm
| 2-4 cm thickness
| 15-18 cm
|-
| Width
| 30-60 cm
| 30-60 cm
| 2.5 m, 3 m or 4 m and cut to fit
| 76-95 cm
|-
| Depth
| Up to 60 cm
| 30 cm
| depth of cabinet (plus wall clearance if necessary)
| 44-50 cm
|}

=== Appliances dimensions ===

{|
|width="16%"|
=== Sizes ===
|width="16%"|
=== Cooking top ===
|width="16%"|
=== Fridge/Freezer ===
|width="16%"|
=== Dishwasher (Full / Slimline) ===
|width="16%"|
=== Washing machine / dryer ===
|width="16%"|
=== Built-in oven ===
|-
| Height
| —
| 140-180 cm
| starting from 70 cm
| starting from 70 cm
| starting from 45 cm
|-
| Width
| 45 – 90 cm
| starting from 60 cm
| 60 / 45 cm
| 56-60 cm
| 60 – 90 cm
|-
| Depth
| 50 cm
| starting from 50 cm
| 55 – 60 cm
| starting from 40 cm
| 55 cm
|}

=== Materials ===

[[File:Rendering_3_how_to_deisign_a_kitchen.jpg|link=File:Rendering_3_how_to_deisign_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Kitchen rendering details"

The most widely used materials for each element of the kitchen are those listed below.

== Cabinet boxes ==

Cabinet boxes are usually built with these materials:

* particle board
* plywood
* solid wood

[[File:Materials_cabinet_how_to_design_a_kitchen.png|476px|link=File:Materials_cabinet_how_to_design_a_kitchen.png]]

"Cabinet materials examples"

== Cabinet doors ==

The materials used for cabinet doors are the following:

* laminate
* melanine
* lacquered MDF (medium density fireboard)
* solid wood

[[File:Door_materials_how_to_design_a_kitchen.png|476px|link=File:Door_materials_how_to_design_a_kitchen.png]]

"Cabinet door materials"

== Countertops ==

Countertops are typically found in:

* steel 18/8 AISI 304
* acrylic resin (such as: Corian – Pral – Staron – Himacs – Nikron – Delian – GetaCore – Harmony – Policor – Wilsonart – Hanex)
* quartz conglomerate (such as: Stone – Okite – Zodiaq – Romaxx – Silestone – Technistone – Caesar Stone – Santa Margherita – Quarella – Eco by Cosentino – Ecofriend)
* romaxx quartz surfaces – Cristalite – Viatera – Oreolite)
* laminate
* glass
* marble
* natural granite
* ceramic or sintered ceramic (such as: Kerlite – Laminam – Iris – Ariostea – Florim – Lapitec – Dekton)

[[File:Materials_top_how_to_design_a_kitchen.png|476px|link=File:Materials_top_how_to_design_a_kitchen.png]]

"Countertop materials"

== Kitchen Design Rules and Recommendations ==

=== UK guidelines ===

There are some fundamental design principles when it comes to planning a kitchen that should be considered. However, a simple kitchen refresh with new units won’t generally require approval, unless knocking down a wall, moving sanitary fittings such as the sink or carryout out electrical works and ensure the room to have adequate ventilation and drainage.

In the U.K., works to refit a kitchen doesn’t generally require approval from local authorities and building regulations, although approval is likely to be requested for drainage, electrical works or if you install a new gas appliance, under [https://www.labc.co.uk/professionals/building-regulations-guidance-documents UK Building Regulations]. Moreover, you might still need planning permission, even for not listed homes, when altering the existing layout, therefore, changing the external house appearance, and moving a wall or a drainage.

=== USA guidelines ===

The leading source in the USA is the [https://nkba.org/ National Kitchen and Bath Association (NKBA)] for kitchen design information providing the essential rules and guidelines together with the most important aspects of kitchen planning, including layouts, proper materials, lighting and other technical aspects.

With regard to electrical circuits and devices, most local codes follow the [https://www.nfpa.org/NEC/About-the-NEC/Free-online-access-to-the-NEC-and-other-electrical-standards NEC], the only electrical code in the USA that covers lighting, switches, receptacles and other appliances.

=== Electrical installations ===

Household appliances and electrical installations are one of the areas where the use and importance of standards is noticed in everyday life. European Standards on the safety of household and similar electrical appliances are continuously adapted in order to fit with the latest technological changes.

More than 20 CEN and [https://www.cenelec.eu/aboutcenelec/whatwedo/technologysectors/electricalengineering.html CENELEC Technical Committees] are developing European Standards ensuring high levels of performance and safety.

The reference standard is IEC TC 64:

* concerning protection against electric shock arising from equipment, from installations and from systems without adequate circuit protection;
* for design, correct use and verification of all kind of electrical installations at supply voltage of up to 1 kV a.c. or 1,5 kV d.c., except those installations covered by the following IEC committees: TC 9, TC 18, TC 44, TC 97, TC 99.

=== Kitchen lighting ===

Good lighting is essential in a kitchen and must be considered alongside a basic layout. Lighting systems need to have at least two elements: bright, shadow-free task light for cooking and atmospheric lighting to create a relaxing environment. Think creatively where you want to put your light sources.

Kitchen lighting

For example, downlighters work well over islands or uplights that are incorporated to the tops of cabinets. It is always useful to have lighting under the wall units to light up the preparation area and worktops.

Finally, light colour choice is an important aspect that shouldn’t be neglected as it can impact dramatically on your scheme. While you may want LEDs to give off cool white light above worktops, warm whte is much more relaxing for the dining area.

=== Kitchen ventilation ===

Modern kitchen ventilation is achieved using a cooker hood, however on occasion extra ventilation is required. An important step in designing a well ventilated kitchen is, for example, choosing a spot for the kitchen range. Since the range is the primary source of fumes, it must have a vent system that pulls the odours outside of the house. While a dedicated ventilation system is necessary for safety and air quality in your kitchen, you can also ensure proper ventilation by adding windows in key spots.

In England and Wales, requirements for ventilation are contained in part F – Ventilation, of Schedule 1 to the Building Regulations. You also need to have special attention to fans installation. Part P of the Building Regulations covers the installation of domestic electrical appliances.

[[File:Rendee_4_lighting_how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|600px|link=File:Rendee_4_lighting_how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

=== --[[User:ACCA_software|ACCA software]] 11:23, 14 Feb 2019 (BST) ===

How to design a kitchen

2019-02-14T11:44:59Z

ACCA software: Removed protection from "How to design a kitchen": we are working on this article

== [[File:How_to_design_a_kitchen-cover.jpg|link=File:How_to_design_a_kitchen-cover.jpg]] ==

= How to design a kitchen: the complete illustrated guide =

== How to design a kitchen: here’s the technical guide with everything you need to know about how to design a kitchen correctly together with rules, standards, layouts, examples and 3D project files ready for download ==

In this insight we’ll be analyzing how to design a kitchen in a correct way. We will look at standard kitchen sizes, along with some useful rules that will help you design a practical and functional kitchen.

The key to a well-structured and highly organized kitchen is planning the space and the location of the most important appliances to enable frequent tasks to be completed comfortably and efficiently.

DWG layouts with floor plans and sections of different types of kitchens together with 3D models in EDF format are available for FREE by contact the author.

[[File:Render1_how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|link=File:Render1_how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Kitchen rendering"

=== ===

=== How to design a kitchen: what is the Work triangle? ===

The space planning has become known as the “work triangle”, which is the area of activity where the tasks carried out in a kitchen involve the sink, the stove and the refrigerator. The primary idea is that these three elements, connected by imaginary lines, are in close proximity (but not so close) to one another. Hence, the work triangle is designed to minimize traffic within the kitchen and to facilitate the access to the three appliances when cooking.

[[File:Work-triangle?how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|link=File:Work-triangle?how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

“Work Triangle”

The NKBA (National Kitchen and Bath Association) suggests some guidelines regarding how to set up a work triangle efficiently. It is recommended to keep the work triangle distance between the sink, fridge and cooker at 7 m (= 23 ft) or less. Work triangles that exceed 7 m/23 ft make moving from one function to another unpractical. The ideal length of the work triangle lies between 4 m (13 ft) and 6 m (19 ft). Further on this article, we will indicate measurements only with the Metric system (considering that 1 ft = 0.3048 m = 30.48 cm and 1 m = 3.28 ft).

In addition, the kitchen work triangle is a concept used to determine different types of kitchen layouts that would be both aesthetical and functional/efficient.

Further, let’s see some examples of kitchen design.

== How to design a kitchen: typical kitchen layouts ==

Designers should consider that a kitchen has different flows and work areas that need to be integrated throughout the project. There are several basic kitchen layouts that are typically used and that depends on your limits or wall, door and window locations. Specifically, the most commonly used types include:

* single wall (or linear)
* galley (with two parallel lines)
* L-shaped
* U-shaped
* L-shaped or linear with island
* L-shaped or U-shaped with peninsula

Let’s see them in detail.

=== Single wall layout ===

A single wall layout has all the appliances, cabinets and countertop installed along one wall. This option implies the smallest possible footprint and allows to perform all tasks in a single workspace.

[[File:Single_wall_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|476px|link=File:Single_wall_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Single-wall Kitchen layout"

=== Galley layout ===

A galley layout consist of two parallel lines of units forming a central corridor where to work. It is ideal for space saving and enhances efficiency during cooking. Ensure 1.2mt (3.9ft) space down the middle of the units to move comfortably and for opening cupboards.

[[File:Galley_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|476px|link=File:Galley_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Galley kitchen layout"

=== L-shaped layout ===

The L-shaped kitchen layout is one of the most popular and classic type of plan. It features two walls that form a perpendicular angle, maximising corner spaces while eliminating traffic. The L-shaped kitchen offers a good option for the working triangle, especially if you position the sink halfway down one side of the units.

[[File:L-shaped_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|link=File:L-shaped_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

=== U-shaped layout ===

The U-shaped kitchen plan also provides a good layout for the working triangle and allows good storage, while offering three sides or walls. It works good for both small or large kitchens.

[[File:U-shaped_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|link=File:U-shaped_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"U-shaped kitchen layout"

=== L-shaped or linear with island ===

The island design is very useful for larger kitchens where units are placed around a perimeter. The island provides storage, seating or even a food preparation area.

[[File:Linear_kitchen_with_insula_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|476px|link=File:Linear_kitchen_with_insula_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Linear kitchen with insula"

=== L-shaped or U-shaped with peninsula ===

In kitchen terms, a peninsula is similar to an island, but instead of standing free, one end is attached to the wall, serving as extension of the kitchen layout. Peninsulas are commonly seen in L-shaped or U-shaped kitchens within a larger space. This type of design features functional units along one wall and one window and a peninsula that continues with no need for a third wall, thus leaving one side exposed.

[[File:L-shaped_kitchen_with_peninsula_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|476px|link=File:L-shaped_kitchen_with_peninsula_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"L-shaped kitchen with peninsula"

=== Cabinet dimensions ===

Measurements are usually relating to appliances and units and are often designed with standard dimensions so to fit the kitchen furniture.

[[File:Standard_dimensions_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|link=File:Standard_dimensions_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Standard dimensions"

Base modules have a standard depth of 60 cm. This measurement takes into account that the sides have a width of 58 cm and add another 1.8/2.00 cm for the thickness of the door panel. A working island will also have a minimum depth of 60 cm while a wall unit of 30 cm.

Cabinet heights generally reach 72 cm plus the support leg height while wall unit measurements range between 72/90 cm. In case of upper wall cabinet modules, these must be placed at a height of 140-150 cm from the pavement level considering the bottom panel. The working side of an island unit should match the height of the kitchen worktop.

The standard widths of a module are variable and depend on the use that each module has. Typically they measure 30 cm, 45 cm, 60 cm. With regard to appliances, the modules are generally 60 cm and 90 cm for cooktops, sinks and ovens.

[[File:Rendering_2_how_to_design_a_kitchen_.jpg|link=File:Rendering_2_how_to_design_a_kitchen_.jpg]]

"Kitchen rendering"

The following table shows coordinated dimensions for kitchen units and appliances:

=== Kitchen unit measurements ===

{|
|width="20%"|
=== Sizes ===
|width="20%"|
=== Base unit ===
|width="20%"|
=== Wall unit ===
|width="20%"|
=== Worktops ===
|width="20%"|
=== Sinks ===
|-
| Height
| 72 cm plus support leg
| 72-90 cm
| 2-4 cm thickness
| 15-18 cm
|-
| Width
| 30-60 cm
| 30-60 cm
| 2.5 m, 3 m or 4 m and cut to fit
| 76-95 cm
|-
| Depth
| Up to 60 cm
| 30 cm
| depth of cabinet (plus wall clearance if necessary)
| 44-50 cm
|}

=== Appliances dimensions ===

{|
|width="16%"|
=== Sizes ===
|width="16%"|
=== Cooking top ===
|width="16%"|
=== Fridge/Freezer ===
|width="16%"|
=== Dishwasher (Full / Slimline) ===
|width="16%"|
=== Washing machine / dryer ===
|width="16%"|
=== Built-in oven ===
|-
| Height
| —
| 140-180 cm
| starting from 70 cm
| starting from 70 cm
| starting from 45 cm
|-
| Width
| 45 – 90 cm
| starting from 60 cm
| 60 / 45 cm
| 56-60 cm
| 60 – 90 cm
|-
| Depth
| 50 cm
| starting from 50 cm
| 55 – 60 cm
| starting from 40 cm
| 55 cm
|}

=== Materials ===

[[File:Rendering_3_how_to_deisign_a_kitchen.jpg|link=File:Rendering_3_how_to_deisign_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Kitchen rendering details"

The most widely used materials for each element of the kitchen are those listed below.

== Cabinet boxes ==

Cabinet boxes are usually built with these materials:

* particle board
* plywood
* solid wood

[[File:Materials_cabinet_how_to_design_a_kitchen.png|476px|link=File:Materials_cabinet_how_to_design_a_kitchen.png]]

"Cabinet materials examples"

== Cabinet doors ==

The materials used for cabinet doors are the following:

* laminate
* melanine
* lacquered MDF (medium density fireboard)
* solid wood

[[File:Door_materials_how_to_design_a_kitchen.png|476px|link=File:Door_materials_how_to_design_a_kitchen.png]]

"Cabinet door materials"

== Countertops ==

Countertops are typically found in:

* steel 18/8 AISI 304
* acrylic resin (such as: Corian – Pral – Staron – Himacs – Nikron – Delian – GetaCore – Harmony – Policor – Wilsonart – Hanex)
* quartz conglomerate (such as: Stone – Okite – Zodiaq – Romaxx – Silestone – Technistone – Caesar Stone – Santa Margherita – Quarella – Eco by Cosentino – Ecofriend)
* romaxx quartz surfaces – Cristalite – Viatera – Oreolite)
* laminate
* glass
* marble
* natural granite
* ceramic or sintered ceramic (such as: Kerlite – Laminam – Iris – Ariostea – Florim – Lapitec – Dekton)

[[File:Materials_top_how_to_design_a_kitchen.png|476px|link=File:Materials_top_how_to_design_a_kitchen.png]]

"Countertop materials"

== Kitchen Design Rules and Recommendations ==

=== UK guidelines ===

There are some fundamental design principles when it comes to planning a kitchen that should be considered. However, a simple kitchen refresh with new units won’t generally require approval, unless knocking down a wall, moving sanitary fittings such as the sink or carryout out electrical works and ensure the room to have adequate ventilation and drainage.

In the U.K., works to refit a kitchen doesn’t generally require approval from local authorities and building regulations, although approval is likely to be requested for drainage, electrical works or if you install a new gas appliance, under [https://www.labc.co.uk/professionals/building-regulations-guidance-documents UK Building Regulations]. Moreover, you might still need planning permission, even for not listed homes, when altering the existing layout, therefore, changing the external house appearance, and moving a wall or a drainage.

=== USA guidelines ===

The leading source in the USA is the [https://nkba.org/ National Kitchen and Bath Association (NKBA)] for kitchen design information providing the essential rules and guidelines together with the most important aspects of kitchen planning, including layouts, proper materials, lighting and other technical aspects.

With regard to electrical circuits and devices, most local codes follow the [https://www.nfpa.org/NEC/About-the-NEC/Free-online-access-to-the-NEC-and-other-electrical-standards NEC], the only electrical code in the USA that covers lighting, switches, receptacles and other appliances.

=== Electrical installations ===

Household appliances and electrical installations are one of the areas where the use and importance of standards is noticed in everyday life. European Standards on the safety of household and similar electrical appliances are continuously adapted in order to fit with the latest technological changes.

More than 20 CEN and [https://www.cenelec.eu/aboutcenelec/whatwedo/technologysectors/electricalengineering.html CENELEC Technical Committees] are developing European Standards ensuring high levels of performance and safety.

The reference standard is IEC TC 64:

* concerning protection against electric shock arising from equipment, from installations and from systems without adequate circuit protection;
* for design, correct use and verification of all kind of electrical installations at supply voltage of up to 1 kV a.c. or 1,5 kV d.c., except those installations covered by the following IEC committees: TC 9, TC 18, TC 44, TC 97, TC 99.

=== Kitchen lighting ===

Good lighting is essential in a kitchen and must be considered alongside a basic layout. Lighting systems need to have at least two elements: bright, shadow-free task light for cooking and atmospheric lighting to create a relaxing environment. Think creatively where you want to put your light sources.

Kitchen lighting

For example, downlighters work well over islands or uplights that are incorporated to the tops of cabinets. It is always useful to have lighting under the wall units to light up the preparation area and worktops.

Finally, light colour choice is an important aspect that shouldn’t be neglected as it can impact dramatically on your scheme. While you may want LEDs to give off cool white light above worktops, warm whte is much more relaxing for the dining area.

=== Kitchen ventilation ===

Modern kitchen ventilation is achieved using a cooker hood, however on occasion extra ventilation is required. An important step in designing a well ventilated kitchen is, for example, choosing a spot for the kitchen range. Since the range is the primary source of fumes, it must have a vent system that pulls the odours outside of the house. While a dedicated ventilation system is necessary for safety and air quality in your kitchen, you can also ensure proper ventilation by adding windows in key spots.

In England and Wales, requirements for ventilation are contained in part F – Ventilation, of Schedule 1 to the Building Regulations. You also need to have special attention to fans installation. Part P of the Building Regulations covers the installation of domestic electrical appliances.

[[File:Rendee_4_lighting_how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|600px|link=File:Rendee_4_lighting_how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

=== --[[User:ACCA_software|ACCA software]] 11:23, 14 Feb 2019 (BST) ===

How to design a kitchen

2019-02-14T11:43:20Z

ACCA software: Protected "How to design a kitchen": we are working on this article ([edit=author] (indefinite) [move=author] (indefinite))

How to design a kitchen

2019-02-14T11:34:40Z

ACCA software:

How to design a kitchen

2019-02-14T11:23:44Z

ACCA software:

== [[File:How_to_design_a_kitchen-cover.jpg|link=File:How_to_design_a_kitchen-cover.jpg]] ==

== How to design a kitchen: the complete illustrated guide ==

== How to design a kitchen: here’s the technical guide with everything you need to know about how to design a kitchen correctly together with rules, standards, layouts, examples and 3D project files ready for download ==

In this insight we’ll be analyzing how to design a kitchen in a correct way. We will look at standard kitchen sizes, along with some useful rules that will help you design a practical and functional kitchen.

The key to a well-structured and highly organized kitchen is planning the space and the location of the most important appliances to enable frequent tasks to be completed comfortably and efficiently.

DWG layouts with floor plans and sections of different types of kitchens together with 3D models in EDF format are ready for download and can be a useful reference for your project.

[[File:Render1_how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|link=File:Render1_how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Kitchen rendering"

=== ===

=== How to design a kitchen: what is the Work triangle? ===

The space planning has become known as the “work triangle”, which is the area of activity where the tasks carried out in a kitchen involve the sink, the stove and the refrigerator. The primary idea is that these three elements, connected by imaginary lines, are in close proximity (but not so close) to one another. Hence, the work triangle is designed to minimize traffic within the kitchen and to facilitate the access to the three appliances when cooking.

[[File:Work-triangle?how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|link=File:Work-triangle?how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

“Work Triangle”

The NKBA (National Kitchen and Bath Association) suggests some guidelines regarding how to set up a work triangle efficiently. It is recommended to keep the work triangle distance between the sink, fridge and cooker at 7 m (= 23 ft) or less. Work triangles that exceed 7 m/23 ft make moving from one function to another unpractical. The ideal length of the work triangle lies between 4 m (13 ft) and 6 m (19 ft). Further on this article, we will indicate measurements only with the Metric system (considering that 1 ft = 0.3048 m = 30.48 cm and 1 m = 3.28 ft).

In addition, the kitchen work triangle is a concept used to determine different types of kitchen layouts that would be both aesthetical and functional/efficient.

Further, let’s see some examples of kitchen design.

== How to design a kitchen: typical kitchen layouts ==

Designers should consider that a kitchen has different flows and work areas that need to be integrated throughout the project. There are several basic kitchen layouts that are typically used and that depends on your limits or wall, door and window locations. Specifically, the most commonly used types include:

* single wall (or linear)
* galley (with two parallel lines)
* L-shaped
* U-shaped
* L-shaped or linear with island
* L-shaped or U-shaped with peninsula

Let’s see them in detail.

=== Single wall layout ===

A single wall layout has all the appliances, cabinets and countertop installed along one wall. This option implies the smallest possible footprint and allows to perform all tasks in a single workspace.

[[File:Single_wall_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|476px|link=File:Single_wall_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Single-wall Kitchen layout"

=== Galley layout ===

A galley layout consist of two parallel lines of units forming a central corridor where to work. It is ideal for space saving and enhances efficiency during cooking. Ensure 1.2mt (3.9ft) space down the middle of the units to move comfortably and for opening cupboards.

[[File:Galley_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|476px|link=File:Galley_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Galley kitchen layout"

=== L-shaped layout ===

The L-shaped kitchen layout is one of the most popular and classic type of plan. It features two walls that form a perpendicular angle, maximising corner spaces while eliminating traffic. The L-shaped kitchen offers a good option for the working triangle, especially if you position the sink halfway down one side of the units.

[[File:L-shaped_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|link=File:L-shaped_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

=== U-shaped layout ===

The U-shaped kitchen plan also provides a good layout for the working triangle and allows good storage, while offering three sides or walls. It works good for both small or large kitchens.

[[File:U-shaped_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|link=File:U-shaped_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"U-shaped kitchen layout"

=== L-shaped or linear with island ===

The island design is very useful for larger kitchens where units are placed around a perimeter. The island provides storage, seating or even a food preparation area.

[[File:Linear_kitchen_with_insula_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|476px|link=File:Linear_kitchen_with_insula_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Linear kitchen with insula"

=== L-shaped or U-shaped with peninsula ===

In kitchen terms, a peninsula is similar to an island, but instead of standing free, one end is attached to the wall, serving as extension of the kitchen layout. Peninsulas are commonly seen in L-shaped or U-shaped kitchens within a larger space. This type of design features functional units along one wall and one window and a peninsula that continues with no need for a third wall, thus leaving one side exposed.

[[File:L-shaped_kitchen_with_peninsula_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|476px|link=File:L-shaped_kitchen_with_peninsula_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"L-shaped kitchen with peninsula"

=== Cabinet dimensions ===

Measurements are usually relating to appliances and units and are often designed with standard dimensions so to fit the kitchen furniture.

[[File:Standard_dimensions_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|link=File:Standard_dimensions_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Standard dimensions"

Base modules have a standard depth of 60 cm. This measurement takes into account that the sides have a width of 58 cm and add another 1.8/2.00 cm for the thickness of the door panel. A working island will also have a minimum depth of 60 cm while a wall unit of 30 cm.

Cabinet heights generally reach 72 cm plus the support leg height while wall unit measurements range between 72/90 cm. In case of upper wall cabinet modules, these must be placed at a height of 140-150 cm from the pavement level considering the bottom panel. The working side of an island unit should match the height of the kitchen worktop.

The standard widths of a module are variable and depend on the use that each module has. Typically they measure 30 cm, 45 cm, 60 cm. With regard to appliances, the modules are generally 60 cm and 90 cm for cooktops, sinks and ovens.

[[File:Rendering_2_how_to_design_a_kitchen_.jpg|link=File:Rendering_2_how_to_design_a_kitchen_.jpg]]

"Kitchen rendering"

The following table shows coordinated dimensions for kitchen units and appliances:

=== Kitchen unit measurements ===

{|
|width="20%"|
=== Sizes ===
|width="20%"|
=== Base unit ===
|width="20%"|
=== Wall unit ===
|width="20%"|
=== Worktops ===
|width="20%"|
=== Sinks ===
|-
| Height
| 72 cm plus support leg
| 72-90 cm
| 2-4 cm thickness
| 15-18 cm
|-
| Width
| 30-60 cm
| 30-60 cm
| 2.5 m, 3 m or 4 m and cut to fit
| 76-95 cm
|-
| Depth
| Up to 60 cm
| 30 cm
| depth of cabinet (plus wall clearance if necessary)
| 44-50 cm
|}

=== Appliances dimensions ===

{|
|width="16%"|
=== Sizes ===
|width="16%"|
=== Cooking top ===
|width="16%"|
=== Fridge/Freezer ===
|width="16%"|
=== Dishwasher (Full / Slimline) ===
|width="16%"|
=== Washing machine / dryer ===
|width="16%"|
=== Built-in oven ===
|-
| Height
| —
| 140-180 cm
| starting from 70 cm
| starting from 70 cm
| starting from 45 cm
|-
| Width
| 45 – 90 cm
| starting from 60 cm
| 60 / 45 cm
| 56-60 cm
| 60 – 90 cm
|-
| Depth
| 50 cm
| starting from 50 cm
| 55 – 60 cm
| starting from 40 cm
| 55 cm
|}

=== Materials ===

[[File:Rendering_3_how_to_deisign_a_kitchen.jpg|link=File:Rendering_3_how_to_deisign_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Kitchen rendering details"

The most widely used materials for each element of the kitchen are those listed below.

== Cabinet boxes ==

Cabinet boxes are usually built with these materials:

* particle board
* plywood
* solid wood

[[File:Materials_cabinet_how_to_design_a_kitchen.png|476px|link=File:Materials_cabinet_how_to_design_a_kitchen.png]]

"Cabinet materials examples"

== Cabinet doors ==

The materials used for cabinet doors are the following:

* laminate
* melanine
* lacquered MDF (medium density fireboard)
* solid wood

[[File:Door_materials_how_to_design_a_kitchen.png|476px|link=File:Door_materials_how_to_design_a_kitchen.png]]

"Cabinet door materials"

== Countertops ==

Countertops are typically found in:

* steel 18/8 AISI 304
* acrylic resin (such as: Corian – Pral – Staron – Himacs – Nikron – Delian – GetaCore – Harmony – Policor – Wilsonart – Hanex)
* quartz conglomerate (such as: Stone – Okite – Zodiaq – Romaxx – Silestone – Technistone – Caesar Stone – Santa Margherita – Quarella – Eco by Cosentino – Ecofriend)
* romaxx quartz surfaces – Cristalite – Viatera – Oreolite)
* laminate
* glass
* marble
* natural granite
* ceramic or sintered ceramic (such as: Kerlite – Laminam – Iris – Ariostea – Florim – Lapitec – Dekton)

[[File:Materials_top_how_to_design_a_kitchen.png|476px|link=File:Materials_top_how_to_design_a_kitchen.png]]

"Countertop materials"

== Kitchen Design Rules and Recommendations ==

=== UK guidelines ===

There are some fundamental design principles when it comes to planning a kitchen that should be considered. However, a simple kitchen refresh with new units won’t generally require approval, unless knocking down a wall, moving sanitary fittings such as the sink or carryout out electrical works and ensure the room to have adequate ventilation and drainage.

In the U.K., works to refit a kitchen doesn’t generally require approval from local authorities and building regulations, although approval is likely to be requested for drainage, electrical works or if you install a new gas appliance, under [https://www.labc.co.uk/professionals/building-regulations-guidance-documents UK Building Regulations]. Moreover, you might still need planning permission, even for not listed homes, when altering the existing layout, therefore, changing the external house appearance, and moving a wall or a drainage.

=== USA guidelines ===

The leading source in the USA is the [https://nkba.org/ National Kitchen and Bath Association (NKBA)] for kitchen design information providing the essential rules and guidelines together with the most important aspects of kitchen planning, including layouts, proper materials, lighting and other technical aspects.

With regard to electrical circuits and devices, most local codes follow the [https://www.nfpa.org/NEC/About-the-NEC/Free-online-access-to-the-NEC-and-other-electrical-standards NEC], the only electrical code in the USA that covers lighting, switches, receptacles and other appliances.

=== Electrical installations ===

Household appliances and electrical installations are one of the areas where the use and importance of standards is noticed in everyday life. European Standards on the safety of household and similar electrical appliances are continuously adapted in order to fit with the latest technological changes.

More than 20 CEN and [https://www.cenelec.eu/aboutcenelec/whatwedo/technologysectors/electricalengineering.html CENELEC Technical Committees] are developing European Standards ensuring high levels of performance and safety.

The reference standard is IEC TC 64:

* concerning protection against electric shock arising from equipment, from installations and from systems without adequate circuit protection;
* for design, correct use and verification of all kind of electrical installations at supply voltage of up to 1 kV a.c. or 1,5 kV d.c., except those installations covered by the following IEC committees: TC 9, TC 18, TC 44, TC 97, TC 99.

=== Kitchen lighting ===

Good lighting is essential in a kitchen and must be considered alongside a basic layout. Lighting systems need to have at least two elements: bright, shadow-free task light for cooking and atmospheric lighting to create a relaxing environment. Think creatively where you want to put your light sources.

Kitchen lighting

For example, downlighters work well over islands or uplights that are incorporated to the tops of cabinets. It is always useful to have lighting under the wall units to light up the preparation area and worktops.

Finally, light colour choice is an important aspect that shouldn’t be neglected as it can impact dramatically on your scheme. While you may want LEDs to give off cool white light above worktops, warm whte is much more relaxing for the dining area.

=== Kitchen ventilation ===

Modern kitchen ventilation is achieved using a cooker hood, however on occasion extra ventilation is required. An important step in designing a well ventilated kitchen is, for example, choosing a spot for the kitchen range. Since the range is the primary source of fumes, it must have a vent system that pulls the odours outside of the house. While a dedicated ventilation system is necessary for safety and air quality in your kitchen, you can also ensure proper ventilation by adding windows in key spots.

In England and Wales, requirements for ventilation are contained in part F – Ventilation, of Schedule 1 to the Building Regulations. You also need to have special attention to fans installation. Part P of the Building Regulations covers the installation of domestic electrical appliances.

[[File:Rendee_4_lighting_how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|600px|link=File:Rendee_4_lighting_how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

=== --[[User:ACCA software|ACCA software]] 11:23, 14 Feb 2019 (BST) ===

How to design a kitchen

2019-02-14T11:20:28Z

ACCA software:

== [[File:How_to_design_a_kitchen-cover.jpg|link=File:How_to_design_a_kitchen-cover.jpg]] ==

== How to design a kitchen: the complete illustrated guide ==

== How to design a kitchen: here’s the technical guide with everything you need to know about how to design a kitchen correctly together with rules, standards, layouts, examples and 3D project files ready for download ==

In this insight we’ll be analyzing how to design a kitchen in a correct way. We will look at standard kitchen sizes, along with some useful rules that will help you design a practical and functional kitchen.

The key to a well-structured and highly organized kitchen is planning the space and the location of the most important appliances to enable frequent tasks to be completed comfortably and efficiently.

DWG layouts with floor plans and sections of different types of kitchens together with 3D models in EDF format are ready for download and can be a useful reference for your project.

[[File:Render1_how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|link=File:Render1_how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Kitchen rendering"

=== ===

=== How to design a kitchen: what is the Work triangle? ===

The space planning has become known as the “work triangle”, which is the area of activity where the tasks carried out in a kitchen involve the sink, the stove and the refrigerator. The primary idea is that these three elements, connected by imaginary lines, are in close proximity (but not so close) to one another. Hence, the work triangle is designed to minimize traffic within the kitchen and to facilitate the access to the three appliances when cooking.

[[File:Work-triangle?how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|link=File:Work-triangle?how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

“Work Triangle”

The NKBA (National Kitchen and Bath Association) suggests some guidelines regarding how to set up a work triangle efficiently. It is recommended to keep the work triangle distance between the sink, fridge and cooker at 7 m (= 23 ft) or less. Work triangles that exceed 7 m/23 ft make moving from one function to another unpractical. The ideal length of the work triangle lies between 4 m (13 ft) and 6 m (19 ft). Further on this article, we will indicate measurements only with the Metric system (considering that 1 ft = 0.3048 m = 30.48 cm and 1 m = 3.28 ft).

In addition, the kitchen work triangle is a concept used to determine different types of kitchen layouts that would be both aesthetical and functional/efficient.

Further, let’s see some examples of kitchen design.

== How to design a kitchen: typical kitchen layouts ==

Designers should consider that a kitchen has different flows and work areas that need to be integrated throughout the project. There are several basic kitchen layouts that are typically used and that depends on your limits or wall, door and window locations. Specifically, the most commonly used types include:

* single wall (or linear)
* galley (with two parallel lines)
* L-shaped
* U-shaped
* L-shaped or linear with island
* L-shaped or U-shaped with peninsula

Let’s see them in detail.

=== Single wall layout ===

A single wall layout has all the appliances, cabinets and countertop installed along one wall. This option implies the smallest possible footprint and allows to perform all tasks in a single workspace.

[[File:Single_wall_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|476px|link=File:Single_wall_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Single-wall Kitchen layout"

=== Galley layout ===

A galley layout consist of two parallel lines of units forming a central corridor where to work. It is ideal for space saving and enhances efficiency during cooking. Ensure 1.2mt (3.9ft) space down the middle of the units to move comfortably and for opening cupboards.

[[File:Galley_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|476px|link=File:Galley_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Galley kitchen layout"

=== L-shaped layout ===

The L-shaped kitchen layout is one of the most popular and classic type of plan. It features two walls that form a perpendicular angle, maximising corner spaces while eliminating traffic. The L-shaped kitchen offers a good option for the working triangle, especially if you position the sink halfway down one side of the units.

[[File:L-shaped_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|link=File:L-shaped_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

=== U-shaped layout ===

The U-shaped kitchen plan also provides a good layout for the working triangle and allows good storage, while offering three sides or walls. It works good for both small or large kitchens.

[[File:U-shaped_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|link=File:U-shaped_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"U-shaped kitchen layout"

=== L-shaped or linear with island ===

The island design is very useful for larger kitchens where units are placed around a perimeter. The island provides storage, seating or even a food preparation area.

[[File:Linear_kitchen_with_insula_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|476px|link=File:Linear_kitchen_with_insula_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Linear kitchen with insula"

=== L-shaped or U-shaped with peninsula ===

In kitchen terms, a peninsula is similar to an island, but instead of standing free, one end is attached to the wall, serving as extension of the kitchen layout. Peninsulas are commonly seen in L-shaped or U-shaped kitchens within a larger space. This type of design features functional units along one wall and one window and a peninsula that continues with no need for a third wall, thus leaving one side exposed.

[[File:L-shaped_kitchen_with_peninsula_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|476px|link=File:L-shaped_kitchen_with_peninsula_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"L-shaped kitchen with peninsula"

=== Cabinet dimensions ===

Measurements are usually relating to appliances and units and are often designed with standard dimensions so to fit the kitchen furniture.

[[File:Standard_dimensions_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|link=File:Standard_dimensions_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Standard dimensions"

Base modules have a standard depth of 60 cm. This measurement takes into account that the sides have a width of 58 cm and add another 1.8/2.00 cm for the thickness of the door panel. A working island will also have a minimum depth of 60 cm while a wall unit of 30 cm.

Cabinet heights generally reach 72 cm plus the support leg height while wall unit measurements range between 72/90 cm. In case of upper wall cabinet modules, these must be placed at a height of 140-150 cm from the pavement level considering the bottom panel. The working side of an island unit should match the height of the kitchen worktop.

The standard widths of a module are variable and depend on the use that each module has. Typically they measure 30 cm, 45 cm, 60 cm. With regard to appliances, the modules are generally 60 cm and 90 cm for cooktops, sinks and ovens.

[[File:Rendering_2_how_to_design_a_kitchen_.jpg|link=File:Rendering_2_how_to_design_a_kitchen_.jpg]]

"Kitchen rendering"

The following table shows coordinated dimensions for kitchen units and appliances:

=== Kitchen unit measurements ===

{|
|width="20%"|
=== Sizes ===
|width="20%"|
=== Base unit ===
|width="20%"|
=== Wall unit ===
|width="20%"|
=== Worktops ===
|width="20%"|
=== Sinks ===
|-
| Height
| 72 cm plus support leg
| 72-90 cm
| 2-4 cm thickness
| 15-18 cm
|-
| Width
| 30-60 cm
| 30-60 cm
| 2.5 m, 3 m or 4 m and cut to fit
| 76-95 cm
|-
| Depth
| Up to 60 cm
| 30 cm
| depth of cabinet (plus wall clearance if necessary)
| 44-50 cm
|}

=== Appliances dimensions ===

{|
|width="16%"|
=== Sizes ===
|width="16%"|
=== Cooking top ===
|width="16%"|
=== Fridge/Freezer ===
|width="16%"|
=== Dishwasher (Full / Slimline) ===
|width="16%"|
=== Washing machine / dryer ===
|width="16%"|
=== Built-in oven ===
|-
| Height
| —
| 140-180 cm
| starting from 70 cm
| starting from 70 cm
| starting from 45 cm
|-
| Width
| 45 – 90 cm
| starting from 60 cm
| 60 / 45 cm
| 56-60 cm
| 60 – 90 cm
|-
| Depth
| 50 cm
| starting from 50 cm
| 55 – 60 cm
| starting from 40 cm
| 55 cm
|}

=== Materials ===

[[File:Rendering 3 how to deisign a kitchen.jpg]]

"Kitchen rendering details"

The most widely used materials for each element of the kitchen are those listed below.

== Cabinet boxes ==

Cabinet boxes are usually built with these materials:

* particle board
* plywood
* solid wood

[[File:Materials cabinet how to design a kitchen.png|476px]]

"Cabinet materials examples"

== Cabinet doors ==

The materials used for cabinet doors are the following:

* laminate
* melanine
* lacquered MDF (medium density fireboard)
* solid wood

[[File:Door materials how to design a kitchen.png|476px]]

"Cabinet door materials"

== Countertops ==

Countertops are typically found in:

* steel 18/8 AISI 304
* acrylic resin (such as: Corian – Pral – Staron – Himacs – Nikron – Delian – GetaCore – Harmony – Policor – Wilsonart – Hanex)
* quartz conglomerate (such as: Stone – Okite – Zodiaq – Romaxx – Silestone – Technistone – Caesar Stone – Santa Margherita – Quarella – Eco by Cosentino – Ecofriend)
* romaxx quartz surfaces – Cristalite – Viatera – Oreolite)
* laminate
* glass
* marble
* natural granite
* ceramic or sintered ceramic (such as: Kerlite – Laminam – Iris – Ariostea – Florim – Lapitec – Dekton)

[[File:Materials top how to design a kitchen.png|476px]]

"Countertop materials"

== Kitchen Design Rules and Recommendations ==

=== UK guidelines ===

There are some fundamental design principles when it comes to planning a kitchen that should be considered. However, a simple kitchen refresh with new units won’t generally require approval, unless knocking down a wall, moving sanitary fittings such as the sink or carryout out electrical works and ensure the room to have adequate ventilation and drainage.

In the U.K., works to refit a kitchen doesn’t generally require approval from local authorities and building regulations, although approval is likely to be requested for drainage, electrical works or if you install a new gas appliance, under [https://www.labc.co.uk/professionals/building-regulations-guidance-documents UK Building Regulations]. Moreover, you might still need planning permission, even for not listed homes, when altering the existing layout, therefore, changing the external house appearance, and moving a wall or a drainage.

=== USA guidelines ===

The leading source in the USA is the [https://nkba.org/ National Kitchen and Bath Association (NKBA)] for kitchen design information providing the essential rules and guidelines together with the most important aspects of kitchen planning, including layouts, proper materials, lighting and other technical aspects.

With regard to electrical circuits and devices, most local codes follow the [https://www.nfpa.org/NEC/About-the-NEC/Free-online-access-to-the-NEC-and-other-electrical-standards NEC], the only electrical code in the USA that covers lighting, switches, receptacles and other appliances.

=== Electrical installations ===

Household appliances and electrical installations are one of the areas where the use and importance of standards is noticed in everyday life. European Standards on the safety of household and similar electrical appliances are continuously adapted in order to fit with the latest technological changes.

More than 20 CEN and [https://www.cenelec.eu/aboutcenelec/whatwedo/technologysectors/electricalengineering.html CENELEC Technical Committees] are developing European Standards ensuring high levels of performance and safety.

The reference standard is IEC TC 64:

* concerning protection against electric shock arising from equipment, from installations and from systems without adequate circuit protection;
* for design, correct use and verification of all kind of electrical installations at supply voltage of up to 1 kV a.c. or 1,5 kV d.c., except those installations covered by the following IEC committees: TC 9, TC 18, TC 44, TC 97, TC 99.

=== Kitchen lighting ===

Good lighting is essential in a kitchen and must be considered alongside a basic layout. Lighting systems need to have at least two elements: bright, shadow-free task light for cooking and atmospheric lighting to create a relaxing environment. Think creatively where you want to put your light sources.

Kitchen lighting

For example, downlighters work well over islands or uplights that are incorporated to the tops of cabinets. It is always useful to have lighting under the wall units to light up the preparation area and worktops.

Finally, light colour choice is an important aspect that shouldn’t be neglected as it can impact dramatically on your scheme. While you may want LEDs to give off cool white light above worktops, warm whte is much more relaxing for the dining area.

=== Kitchen ventilation ===

Modern kitchen ventilation is achieved using a cooker hood, however on occasion extra ventilation is required. An important step in designing a well ventilated kitchen is, for example, choosing a spot for the kitchen range. Since the range is the primary source of fumes, it must have a vent system that pulls the odours outside of the house. While a dedicated ventilation system is necessary for safety and air quality in your kitchen, you can also ensure proper ventilation by adding windows in key spots.

In England and Wales, requirements for ventilation are contained in part F – Ventilation, of Schedule 1 to the Building Regulations. You also need to have special attention to fans installation. Part P of the Building Regulations covers the installation of domestic electrical appliances.

[[File:Rendee 4 lighting how to design a kitchen.jpg|600px]]

=== ===

<signature><signature>

How to design a kitchen

2019-02-14T11:10:58Z

ACCA software:

== [[File:How_to_design_a_kitchen-cover.jpg|link=File:How_to_design_a_kitchen-cover.jpg]] ==

== How to design a kitchen: the complete illustrated guide ==

== How to design a kitchen: here’s the technical guide with everything you need to know about how to design a kitchen correctly together with rules, standards, layouts, examples and 3D project files ready for download ==

In this insight we’ll be analyzing how to design a kitchen in a correct way. We will look at standard kitchen sizes, along with some useful rules that will help you design a practical and functional kitchen.

The key to a well-structured and highly organized kitchen is planning the space and the location of the most important appliances to enable frequent tasks to be completed comfortably and efficiently.

DWG layouts with floor plans and sections of different types of kitchens together with 3D models in EDF format are ready for download and can be a useful reference for your project.

[[File:Render1_how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|link=File:Render1_how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Kitchen rendering"

=== ===

=== How to design a kitchen: what is the Work triangle? ===

The space planning has become known as the “work triangle”, which is the area of activity where the tasks carried out in a kitchen involve the sink, the stove and the refrigerator. The primary idea is that these three elements, connected by imaginary lines, are in close proximity (but not so close) to one another. Hence, the work triangle is designed to minimize traffic within the kitchen and to facilitate the access to the three appliances when cooking.

[[File:Work-triangle?how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|link=File:Work-triangle?how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

“Work Triangle”

The NKBA (National Kitchen and Bath Association) suggests some guidelines regarding how to set up a work triangle efficiently. It is recommended to keep the work triangle distance between the sink, fridge and cooker at 7 m (= 23 ft) or less. Work triangles that exceed 7 m/23 ft make moving from one function to another unpractical. The ideal length of the work triangle lies between 4 m (13 ft) and 6 m (19 ft). Further on this article, we will indicate measurements only with the Metric system (considering that 1 ft = 0.3048 m = 30.48 cm and 1 m = 3.28 ft).

In addition, the kitchen work triangle is a concept used to determine different types of kitchen layouts that would be both aesthetical and functional/efficient.

Further, let’s see some examples of kitchen design.

== How to design a kitchen: typical kitchen layouts ==

Designers should consider that a kitchen has different flows and work areas that need to be integrated throughout the project. There are several basic kitchen layouts that are typically used and that depends on your limits or wall, door and window locations. Specifically, the most commonly used types include:

* single wall (or linear)
* galley (with two parallel lines)
* L-shaped
* U-shaped
* L-shaped or linear with island
* L-shaped or U-shaped with peninsula

Let’s see them in detail.

=== Single wall layout ===

A single wall layout has all the appliances, cabinets and countertop installed along one wall. This option implies the smallest possible footprint and allows to perform all tasks in a single workspace.

[[File:Single_wall_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|476px|link=File:Single_wall_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Single-wall Kitchen layout"

=== Galley layout ===

A galley layout consist of two parallel lines of units forming a central corridor where to work. It is ideal for space saving and enhances efficiency during cooking. Ensure 1.2mt (3.9ft) space down the middle of the units to move comfortably and for opening cupboards.

[[File:Galley_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|476px|link=File:Galley_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Galley kitchen layout"

=== L-shaped layout ===

The L-shaped kitchen layout is one of the most popular and classic type of plan. It features two walls that form a perpendicular angle, maximising corner spaces while eliminating traffic. The L-shaped kitchen offers a good option for the working triangle, especially if you position the sink halfway down one side of the units.

[[File:L-shaped kitchen layout How to design a kitchen.jpg|476px]]

=== U-shaped layout ===

The U-shaped kitchen plan also provides a good layout for the working triangle and allows good storage, while offering three sides or walls. It works good for both small or large kitchens.

[[File:U-shaped kitchen layout How to design a kitchen.jpg|476px]]

"U-shaped kitchen layout"

=== L-shaped or linear with island ===

The island design is very useful for larger kitchens where units are placed around a perimeter. The island provides storage, seating or even a food preparation area.

[[File:Linear kitchen with insula How to design a kitchen.jpg|476px]]

"Linear kitchen with insula"

=== L-shaped or U-shaped with peninsula ===

In kitchen terms, a peninsula is similar to an island, but instead of standing free, one end is attached to the wall, serving as extension of the kitchen layout. Peninsulas are commonly seen in L-shaped or U-shaped kitchens within a larger space. This type of design features functional units along one wall and one window and a peninsula that continues with no need for a third wall, thus leaving one side exposed.

[[File:L-shaped kitchen with peninsula How to design a kitchen.jpg|476px]]

"L-shaped kitchen with peninsula"

=== Cabinet dimensions ===

Measurements are usually relating to appliances and units and are often designed with standard dimensions so to fit the kitchen furniture.

[[File:Standard dimensions How to design a kitchen.jpg]]

"Standard dimensions"

Base modules have a standard depth of 60 cm. This measurement takes into account that the sides have a width of 58 cm and add another 1.8/2.00 cm for the thickness of the door panel. A working island will also have a minimum depth of 60 cm while a wall unit of 30 cm.

Cabinet heights generally reach 72 cm plus the support leg height while wall unit measurements range between 72/90 cm. In case of upper wall cabinet modules, these must be placed at a height of 140-150 cm from the pavement level considering the bottom panel. The working side of an island unit should match the height of the kitchen worktop.

The standard widths of a module are variable and depend on the use that each module has. Typically they measure 30 cm, 45 cm, 60 cm. With regard to appliances, the modules are generally 60 cm and 90 cm for cooktops, sinks and ovens.

[[File:Rendering 2 how to design a kitchen .jpg]]

"Kitchen rendering"

The following table shows coordinated dimensions for kitchen units and appliances:

=== Kitchen unit measurements ===

{|
|width="20%"|
=== Sizes ===
|width="20%"|
=== Base unit ===
|width="20%"|
=== Wall unit ===
|width="20%"|
=== Worktops ===
|width="20%"|
=== Sinks ===
|-
| Height
| 72 cm plus support leg
| 72-90 cm
| 2-4 cm thickness
| 15-18 cm
|-
| Width
| 30-60 cm
| 30-60 cm
| 2.5 m, 3 m or 4 m and cut to fit
| 76-95 cm
|-
| Depth
| Up to 60 cm
| 30 cm
| depth of cabinet (plus wall clearance if necessary)
| 44-50 cm
|}

=== Appliances dimensions ===

{|
| Sizes
| Cooking top
| Fridge/Freezer
| Dishwasher (Full / Slimline)
| Washing machine / dryer
| Built-in oven
|-
| Height
| —
| 140-180 cm
| starting from 70 cm
| starting from 70 cm
| starting from 45 cm
|-
| Width
| 45 – 90 cm
| starting from 60 cm
| 60 / 45 cm
| 56-60 cm
| 60 – 90 cm
|-
| Depth
| 50 cm
| starting from 50 cm
| 55 – 60 cm
| starting from 40 cm
| 55 cm
|}

=== Materials ===

Kitchen rendering details

The most widely used materials for each element of the kitchen are those listed below.

Cabinet boxes

Cabinet boxes are usually built with these materials:

* particle board
* plywood
* solid wood

Cabinet materials examples

Cabinet doors

The materials used for cabinet doors are the following:

* laminate
* melanine
* lacquered MDF (medium density fireboard)
* solid wood

Cabinet door materials

Countertops

Countertops are typically found in:

* steel 18/8 AISI 304
* acrylic resin (such as: Corian – Pral – Staron – Himacs – Nikron – Delian – GetaCore – Harmony – Policor – Wilsonart – Hanex)
* quartz conglomerate (such as: Stone – Okite – Zodiaq – Romaxx – Silestone – Technistone – Caesar Stone – Santa Margherita – Quarella – Eco by Cosentino – Ecofriend)
* romaxx quartz surfaces – Cristalite – Viatera – Oreolite)
* laminate
* glass
* marble
* natural granite
* ceramic or sintered ceramic (such as: Kerlite – Laminam – Iris – Ariostea – Florim – Lapitec – Dekton)

Countertop materials

=== Kitchen Design Rules and Recommendations ===

UK guidelines

There are some fundamental design principles when it comes to planning a kitchen that should be considered. However, a simple kitchen refresh with new units won’t generally require approval, unless knocking down a wall, moving sanitary fittings such as the sink or carryout out electrical works and ensure the room to have adequate ventilation and drainage.

In the U.K., works to refit a kitchen doesn’t generally require approval from local authorities and building regulations, although approval is likely to be requested for drainage, electrical works or if you install a new gas appliance, under [https://www.labc.co.uk/professionals/building-regulations-guidance-documents UK Building Regulations]. Moreover, you might still need planning permission, even for not listed homes, when altering the existing layout, therefore, changing the external house appearance, and moving a wall or a drainage.

USA guidelines

The leading source in the USA is the [https://nkba.org/ National Kitchen and Bath Association (NKBA)] for kitchen design information providing the essential rules and guidelines together with the most important aspects of kitchen planning, including layouts, proper materials, lighting and other technical aspects.

With regard to electrical circuits and devices, most local codes follow the [https://www.nfpa.org/NEC/About-the-NEC/Free-online-access-to-the-NEC-and-other-electrical-standards NEC], the only electrical code in the USA that covers lighting, switches, receptacles and other appliances.

=== Electrical installations ===

Household appliances and electrical installations are one of the areas where the use and importance of standards is noticed in everyday life. European Standards on the safety of household and similar electrical appliances are continuously adapted in order to fit with the latest technological changes.

More than 20 CEN and [https://www.cenelec.eu/aboutcenelec/whatwedo/technologysectors/electricalengineering.html CENELEC Technical Committees] are developing European Standards ensuring high levels of performance and safety.

The reference standard is IEC TC 64:

* concerning protection against electric shock arising from equipment, from installations and from systems without adequate circuit protection;
* for design, correct use and verification of all kind of electrical installations at supply voltage of up to 1 kV a.c. or 1,5 kV d.c., except those installations covered by the following IEC committees: TC 9, TC 18, TC 44, TC 97, TC 99.

=== Kitchen lighting ===

Good lighting is essential in a kitchen and must be considered alongside a basic layout. Lighting systems need to have at least two elements: bright, shadow-free task light for cooking and atmospheric lighting to create a relaxing environment. Think creatively where you want to put your light sources.

Kitchen lighting

For example, downlighters work well over islands or uplights that are incorporated to the tops of cabinets. It is always useful to have lighting under the wall units to light up the preparation area and worktops.

Finally, light colour choice is an important aspect that shouldn’t be neglected as it can impact dramatically on your scheme. While you may want LEDs to give off cool white light above worktops, warm whte is much more relaxing for the dining area.

=== Kitchen ventilation ===

Modern kitchen ventilation is achieved using a cooker hood, however on occasion extra ventilation is required. An important step in designing a well ventilated kitchen is, for example, choosing a spot for the kitchen range. Since the range is the primary source of fumes, it must have a vent system that pulls the odours outside of the house. While a dedicated ventilation system is necessary for safety and air quality in your kitchen, you can also ensure proper ventilation by adding windows in key spots.

In England and Wales, requirements for ventilation are contained in part F – Ventilation, of Schedule 1 to the Building Regulations. You also need to have special attention to fans installation. Part P of the Building Regulations covers the installation of domestic electrical appliances.

=== ===

<signature><signature>

How to design a kitchen

2019-02-14T10:56:48Z

ACCA software:

== [[File:How_to_design_a_kitchen-cover.jpg|link=File:How_to_design_a_kitchen-cover.jpg]] ==

== How to design a kitchen: the complete illustrated guide ==

== How to design a kitchen: here’s the technical guide with everything you need to know about how to design a kitchen correctly together with rules, standards, layouts, examples and 3D project files ready for download ==

In this insight we’ll be analyzing how to design a kitchen in a correct way. We will look at standard kitchen sizes, along with some useful rules that will help you design a practical and functional kitchen.

The key to a well-structured and highly organized kitchen is planning the space and the location of the most important appliances to enable frequent tasks to be completed comfortably and efficiently.

DWG layouts with floor plans and sections of different types of kitchens together with 3D models in EDF format are ready for download and can be a useful reference for your project.

[[File:Render1_how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|link=File:Render1_how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Kitchen rendering"

=== ===

=== How to design a kitchen: what is the Work triangle? ===

The space planning has become known as the “work triangle”, which is the area of activity where the tasks carried out in a kitchen involve the sink, the stove and the refrigerator. The primary idea is that these three elements, connected by imaginary lines, are in close proximity (but not so close) to one another. Hence, the work triangle is designed to minimize traffic within the kitchen and to facilitate the access to the three appliances when cooking.

[[File:Work-triangle?how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|link=File:Work-triangle?how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

“Work Triangle”

The NKBA (National Kitchen and Bath Association) suggests some guidelines regarding how to set up a work triangle efficiently. It is recommended to keep the work triangle distance between the sink, fridge and cooker at 7 m (= 23 ft) or less. Work triangles that exceed 7 m/23 ft make moving from one function to another unpractical. The ideal length of the work triangle lies between 4 m (13 ft) and 6 m (19 ft). Further on this article, we will indicate measurements only with the Metric system (considering that 1 ft = 0.3048 m = 30.48 cm and 1 m = 3.28 ft).

In addition, the kitchen work triangle is a concept used to determine different types of kitchen layouts that would be both aesthetical and functional/efficient.

Further, let’s see some examples of kitchen design.

== How to design a kitchen: typical kitchen layouts ==

Designers should consider that a kitchen has different flows and work areas that need to be integrated throughout the project. There are several basic kitchen layouts that are typically used and that depends on your limits or wall, door and window locations. Specifically, the most commonly used types include:

* single wall (or linear)
* galley (with two parallel lines)
* L-shaped
* U-shaped
* L-shaped or linear with island
* L-shaped or U-shaped with peninsula

Let’s see them in detail.

=== Single wall layout ===

A single wall layout has all the appliances, cabinets and countertop installed along one wall. This option implies the smallest possible footprint and allows to perform all tasks in a single workspace.

[[File:Single wall kitchen layout How to design a kitchen.jpg|476px|link=File:Single_wall_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Single-wall Kitchen layout"

=== Galley layout ===

A galley layout consist of two parallel lines of units forming a central corridor where to work. It is ideal for space saving and enhances efficiency during cooking. Ensure 1.2mt (3.9ft) space down the middle of the units to move comfortably and for opening cupboards.

[[File:Galley kitchen layout How to design a kitchen.jpg|476px|link=File:Galley_kitchen_layout_How_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

"Galley kitchen layout"

=== L-shaped layout ===

The L-shaped kitchen layout is one of the most popular and classic type of plan. It features two walls that form a perpendicular angle, maximising corner spaces while eliminating traffic. The L-shaped kitchen offers a good option for the working triangle, especially if you position the sink halfway down one side of the units.

U-shaped layout

The U-shaped kitchen plan also provides a good layout for the working triangle and allows good storage, while offering three sides or walls. It works good for both small or large kitchens.

L-shaped or linear with island

The island design is very useful for larger kitchens where units are placed around a perimeter. The island provides storage, seating or even a food preparation area.

L-shaped or U-shaped with peninsula

In kitchen terms, a peninsula is similar to an island, but instead of standing free, one end is attached to the wall, serving as extension of the kitchen layout. Peninsulas are commonly seen in L-shaped or U-shaped kitchens within a larger space. This type of design features functional units along one wall and one window and a peninsula that continues with no need for a third wall, thus leaving one side exposed.

=== Cabinet dimensions ===

Measurements are usually relating to appliances and units and are often designed with standard dimensions so to fit the kitchen furniture.

=== ===

Base modules have a standard depth of 60 cm. This measurement takes into account that the sides have a width of 58 cm and add another 1.8/2.00 cm for the thickness of the door panel. A working island will also have a minimum depth of 60 cm while a wall unit of 30 cm.

Cabinet heights generally reach 72 cm plus the support leg height while wall unit measurements range between 72/90 cm. In case of upper wall cabinet modules, these must be placed at a height of 140-150 cm from the pavement level considering the bottom panel. The working side of an island unit should match the height of the kitchen worktop.

The standard widths of a module are variable and depend on the use that each module has. Typically they measure 30 cm, 45 cm, 60 cm. With regard to appliances, the modules are generally 60 cm and 90 cm for cooktops, sinks and ovens.

The following table shows coordinated dimensions for kitchen units and appliances:

=== Kitchen unit measurements ===

{|
| Sizes
| Base unit
| Wall unit
| Worktops
| Sinks
|-
| Height
| 72 cm plus support leg
| 72-90 cm
| 2-4 cm thickness
| 15-18 cm
|-
| Width
| 30-60 cm
| 30-60 cm
| 2.5 m, 3 m or 4 m and cut to fit
| 76-95 cm
|-
| Depth
| Up to 60 cm
| 30 cm
| depth of cabinet (plus wall clearance if necessary)
| 44-50 cm
|}

=== Appliances dimensions ===

{|
| Sizes
| Cooking top
| Fridge/Freezer
| Dishwasher (Full / Slimline)
| Washing machine / dryer
| Built-in oven
|-
| Height
| —
| 140-180 cm
| starting from 70 cm
| starting from 70 cm
| starting from 45 cm
|-
| Width
| 45 – 90 cm
| starting from 60 cm
| 60 / 45 cm
| 56-60 cm
| 60 – 90 cm
|-
| Depth
| 50 cm
| starting from 50 cm
| 55 – 60 cm
| starting from 40 cm
| 55 cm
|}

=== Materials ===

Kitchen rendering details

The most widely used materials for each element of the kitchen are those listed below.

Cabinet boxes

Cabinet boxes are usually built with these materials:

* particle board
* plywood
* solid wood

Cabinet materials examples

Cabinet doors

The materials used for cabinet doors are the following:

* laminate
* melanine
* lacquered MDF (medium density fireboard)
* solid wood

Cabinet door materials

Countertops

Countertops are typically found in:

* steel 18/8 AISI 304
* acrylic resin (such as: Corian – Pral – Staron – Himacs – Nikron – Delian – GetaCore – Harmony – Policor – Wilsonart – Hanex)
* quartz conglomerate (such as: Stone – Okite – Zodiaq – Romaxx – Silestone – Technistone – Caesar Stone – Santa Margherita – Quarella – Eco by Cosentino – Ecofriend)
* romaxx quartz surfaces – Cristalite – Viatera – Oreolite)
* laminate
* glass
* marble
* natural granite
* ceramic or sintered ceramic (such as: Kerlite – Laminam – Iris – Ariostea – Florim – Lapitec – Dekton)

Countertop materials

=== Kitchen Design Rules and Recommendations ===

UK guidelines

There are some fundamental design principles when it comes to planning a kitchen that should be considered. However, a simple kitchen refresh with new units won’t generally require approval, unless knocking down a wall, moving sanitary fittings such as the sink or carryout out electrical works and ensure the room to have adequate ventilation and drainage.

In the U.K., works to refit a kitchen doesn’t generally require approval from local authorities and building regulations, although approval is likely to be requested for drainage, electrical works or if you install a new gas appliance, under [https://www.labc.co.uk/professionals/building-regulations-guidance-documents UK Building Regulations]. Moreover, you might still need planning permission, even for not listed homes, when altering the existing layout, therefore, changing the external house appearance, and moving a wall or a drainage.

USA guidelines

The leading source in the USA is the [https://nkba.org/ National Kitchen and Bath Association (NKBA)] for kitchen design information providing the essential rules and guidelines together with the most important aspects of kitchen planning, including layouts, proper materials, lighting and other technical aspects.

With regard to electrical circuits and devices, most local codes follow the [https://www.nfpa.org/NEC/About-the-NEC/Free-online-access-to-the-NEC-and-other-electrical-standards NEC], the only electrical code in the USA that covers lighting, switches, receptacles and other appliances.

=== Electrical installations ===

Household appliances and electrical installations are one of the areas where the use and importance of standards is noticed in everyday life. European Standards on the safety of household and similar electrical appliances are continuously adapted in order to fit with the latest technological changes.

More than 20 CEN and [https://www.cenelec.eu/aboutcenelec/whatwedo/technologysectors/electricalengineering.html CENELEC Technical Committees] are developing European Standards ensuring high levels of performance and safety.

The reference standard is IEC TC 64:

* concerning protection against electric shock arising from equipment, from installations and from systems without adequate circuit protection;
* for design, correct use and verification of all kind of electrical installations at supply voltage of up to 1 kV a.c. or 1,5 kV d.c., except those installations covered by the following IEC committees: TC 9, TC 18, TC 44, TC 97, TC 99.

=== Kitchen lighting ===

Good lighting is essential in a kitchen and must be considered alongside a basic layout. Lighting systems need to have at least two elements: bright, shadow-free task light for cooking and atmospheric lighting to create a relaxing environment. Think creatively where you want to put your light sources.

Kitchen lighting

For example, downlighters work well over islands or uplights that are incorporated to the tops of cabinets. It is always useful to have lighting under the wall units to light up the preparation area and worktops.

Finally, light colour choice is an important aspect that shouldn’t be neglected as it can impact dramatically on your scheme. While you may want LEDs to give off cool white light above worktops, warm whte is much more relaxing for the dining area.

=== Kitchen ventilation ===

Modern kitchen ventilation is achieved using a cooker hood, however on occasion extra ventilation is required. An important step in designing a well ventilated kitchen is, for example, choosing a spot for the kitchen range. Since the range is the primary source of fumes, it must have a vent system that pulls the odours outside of the house. While a dedicated ventilation system is necessary for safety and air quality in your kitchen, you can also ensure proper ventilation by adding windows in key spots.

In England and Wales, requirements for ventilation are contained in part F – Ventilation, of Schedule 1 to the Building Regulations. You also need to have special attention to fans installation. Part P of the Building Regulations covers the installation of domestic electrical appliances.

=== ===

<signature><signature>

File:Rendee 4 lighting how to design a kitchen.jpg

2019-02-14T10:24:43Z

ACCA software:

File:Materials top how to design a kitchen.png

2019-02-14T10:21:54Z

ACCA software:

File:Door materials how to design a kitchen.png

2019-02-14T10:19:54Z

ACCA software:

File:Materials cabinet how to design a kitchen.png

2019-02-14T10:09:11Z

ACCA software:

File:Rendering 3 how to deisign a kitchen.jpg

2019-02-14T10:06:23Z

ACCA software:

File:Rendering 2 how to design a kitchen .jpg

2019-02-14T10:02:56Z

ACCA software:

File:Standard dimensions How to design a kitchen.jpg

2019-02-14T10:00:11Z

ACCA software:

File:L-shaped kitchen with peninsula How to design a kitchen.jpg

2019-02-14T09:57:35Z

ACCA software:

File:Linear kitchen with insula How to design a kitchen.jpg

2019-02-14T09:53:20Z

ACCA software:

File:U-shaped kitchen layout How to design a kitchen.jpg

2019-02-14T09:51:39Z

ACCA software:

File:L-shaped kitchen layout How to design a kitchen.jpg

2019-02-14T09:50:22Z

ACCA software:

How to design a kitchen

2019-02-14T09:31:42Z

ACCA software:

== [[File:How_to_design_a_kitchen-cover.jpg|link=File:How_to_design_a_kitchen-cover.jpg]] ==

== How to design a kitchen: the complete illustrated guide ==

== How to design a kitchen: here’s the technical guide with everything you need to know about how to design a kitchen correctly together with rules, standards, layouts, examples and 3D project files ready for download ==

In this insight we’ll be analyzing how to design a kitchen in a correct way. We will look at standard kitchen sizes, along with some useful rules that will help you design a practical and functional kitchen.

The key to a well-structured and highly organized kitchen is planning the space and the location of the most important appliances to enable frequent tasks to be completed comfortably and efficiently.

DWG layouts with floor plans and sections of different types of kitchens together with 3D models in EDF format are ready for download and can be a useful reference for your project.

[[File:Render1 how to design a kitchen.jpg]]

"Kitchen rendering"

=== ===

=== How to design a kitchen: what is the Work triangle? ===

The space planning has become known as the “work triangle”, which is the area of activity where the tasks carried out in a kitchen involve the sink, the stove and the refrigerator. The primary idea is that these three elements, connected by imaginary lines, are in close proximity (but not so close) to one another. Hence, the work triangle is designed to minimize traffic within the kitchen and to facilitate the access to the three appliances when cooking.

[[File:Work-triangle?how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg|link=File:Work-triangle?how_to_design_a_kitchen.jpg]]

“Work Triangle”

The NKBA (National Kitchen and Bath Association) suggests some guidelines regarding how to set up a work triangle efficiently. It is recommended to keep the work triangle distance between the sink, fridge and cooker at 7 m (= 23 ft) or less. Work triangles that exceed 7 m/23 ft make moving from one function to another unpractical. The ideal length of the work triangle lies between 4 m (13 ft) and 6 m (19 ft). Further on this article, we will indicate measurements only with the Metric system (considering that 1 ft = 0.3048 m = 30.48 cm and 1 m = 3.28 ft).

In addition, the kitchen work triangle is a concept used to determine different types of kitchen layouts that would be both aesthetical and functional/efficient.

Further, let’s see some examples of kitchen design.

=== How to design a kitchen: typical kitchen layouts ===

Designers should consider that a kitchen has different flows and work areas that need to be integrated throughout the project. There are several basic kitchen layouts that are typically used and that depends on your limits or wall, door and window locations. Specifically, the most commonly used types include:

* single wall (or linear)
* galley (with two parallel lines)
* L-shaped
* U-shaped
* L-shaped or linear with island
* L-shaped or U-shaped with peninsula

Let’s see them in detail.

== Single wall layout ==

A single wall layout has all the appliances, cabinets and countertop installed along one wall. This option implies the smallest possible footprint and allows to perform all tasks in a single workspace.

[[File:Single wall kitchen layout How to design a kitchen.jpg]]

"Single-wall Kitchen layout"

== Galley layout ==

A galley layout consist of two parallel lines of units forming a central corridor where to work. It is ideal for space saving and enhances efficiency during cooking. Ensure 1.2mt (3.9ft) space down the middle of the units to move comfortably and for opening cupboards.

[[File:Galley kitchen layout How to design a kitchen.jpg]]

"Galley kitchen layout"

L-shaped layout

The L-shaped kitchen layout is one of the most popular and classic type of plan. It features two walls that form a perpendicular angle, maximising corner spaces while eliminating traffic. The L-shaped kitchen offers a good option for the working triangle, especially if you position the sink halfway down one side of the units.

U-shaped layout

The U-shaped kitchen plan also provides a good layout for the working triangle and allows good storage, while offering three sides or walls. It works good for both small or large kitchens.

L-shaped or linear with island

The island design is very useful for larger kitchens where units are placed around a perimeter. The island provides storage, seating or even a food preparation area.

L-shaped or U-shaped with peninsula

In kitchen terms, a peninsula is similar to an island, but instead of standing free, one end is attached to the wall, serving as extension of the kitchen layout. Peninsulas are commonly seen in L-shaped or U-shaped kitchens within a larger space. This type of design features functional units along one wall and one window and a peninsula that continues with no need for a third wall, thus leaving one side exposed.

=== Cabinet dimensions ===

Measurements are usually relating to appliances and units and are often designed with standard dimensions so to fit the kitchen furniture.

=== ===

Base modules have a standard depth of 60 cm. This measurement takes into account that the sides have a width of 58 cm and add another 1.8/2.00 cm for the thickness of the door panel. A working island will also have a minimum depth of 60 cm while a wall unit of 30 cm.

Cabinet heights generally reach 72 cm plus the support leg height while wall unit measurements range between 72/90 cm. In case of upper wall cabinet modules, these must be placed at a height of 140-150 cm from the pavement level considering the bottom panel. The working side of an island unit should match the height of the kitchen worktop.

The standard widths of a module are variable and depend on the use that each module has. Typically they measure 30 cm, 45 cm, 60 cm. With regard to appliances, the modules are generally 60 cm and 90 cm for cooktops, sinks and ovens.

The following table shows coordinated dimensions for kitchen units and appliances:

=== Kitchen unit measurements ===

{|
| Sizes
| Base unit
| Wall unit
| Worktops
| Sinks
|-
| Height
| 72 cm plus support leg
| 72-90 cm
| 2-4 cm thickness
| 15-18 cm
|-
| Width
| 30-60 cm
| 30-60 cm
| 2.5 m, 3 m or 4 m and cut to fit
| 76-95 cm
|-
| Depth
| Up to 60 cm
| 30 cm
| depth of cabinet (plus wall clearance if necessary)
| 44-50 cm
|}

=== Appliances dimensions ===

{|
| Sizes
| Cooking top
| Fridge/Freezer
| Dishwasher (Full / Slimline)
| Washing machine / dryer
| Built-in oven
|-
| Height
| —
| 140-180 cm
| starting from 70 cm
| starting from 70 cm
| starting from 45 cm
|-
| Width
| 45 – 90 cm
| starting from 60 cm
| 60 / 45 cm
| 56-60 cm
| 60 – 90 cm
|-
| Depth
| 50 cm
| starting from 50 cm
| 55 – 60 cm
| starting from 40 cm
| 55 cm
|}

=== Materials ===

Kitchen rendering details

The most widely used materials for each element of the kitchen are those listed below.

Cabinet boxes

Cabinet boxes are usually built with these materials:

* particle board
* plywood
* solid wood

Cabinet materials examples

Cabinet doors

The materials used for cabinet doors are the following:

* laminate
* melanine
* lacquered MDF (medium density fireboard)
* solid wood

Cabinet door materials

Countertops

Countertops are typically found in:

* steel 18/8 AISI 304
* acrylic resin (such as: Corian – Pral – Staron – Himacs – Nikron – Delian – GetaCore – Harmony – Policor – Wilsonart – Hanex)
* quartz conglomerate (such as: Stone – Okite – Zodiaq – Romaxx – Silestone – Technistone – Caesar Stone – Santa Margherita – Quarella – Eco by Cosentino – Ecofriend)
* romaxx quartz surfaces – Cristalite – Viatera – Oreolite)
* laminate
* glass
* marble
* natural granite
* ceramic or sintered ceramic (such as: Kerlite – Laminam – Iris – Ariostea – Florim – Lapitec – Dekton)

Countertop materials

=== Kitchen Design Rules and Recommendations ===

UK guidelines

There are some fundamental design principles when it comes to planning a kitchen that should be considered. However, a simple kitchen refresh with new units won’t generally require approval, unless knocking down a wall, moving sanitary fittings such as the sink or carryout out electrical works and ensure the room to have adequate ventilation and drainage.

In the U.K., works to refit a kitchen doesn’t generally require approval from local authorities and building regulations, although approval is likely to be requested for drainage, electrical works or if you install a new gas appliance, under [https://www.labc.co.uk/professionals/building-regulations-guidance-documents UK Building Regulations]. Moreover, you might still need planning permission, even for not listed homes, when altering the existing layout, therefore, changing the external house appearance, and moving a wall or a drainage.

USA guidelines

The leading source in the USA is the [https://nkba.org/ National Kitchen and Bath Association (NKBA)] for kitchen design information providing the essential rules and guidelines together with the most important aspects of kitchen planning, including layouts, proper materials, lighting and other technical aspects.

With regard to electrical circuits and devices, most local codes follow the [https://www.nfpa.org/NEC/About-the-NEC/Free-online-access-to-the-NEC-and-other-electrical-standards NEC], the only electrical code in the USA that covers lighting, switches, receptacles and other appliances.

=== Electrical installations ===

Household appliances and electrical installations are one of the areas where the use and importance of standards is noticed in everyday life. European Standards on the safety of household and similar electrical appliances are continuously adapted in order to fit with the latest technological changes.

More than 20 CEN and [https://www.cenelec.eu/aboutcenelec/whatwedo/technologysectors/electricalengineering.html CENELEC Technical Committees] are developing European Standards ensuring high levels of performance and safety.

The reference standard is IEC TC 64:

* concerning protection against electric shock arising from equipment, from installations and from systems without adequate circuit protection;
* for design, correct use and verification of all kind of electrical installations at supply voltage of up to 1 kV a.c. or 1,5 kV d.c., except those installations covered by the following IEC committees: TC 9, TC 18, TC 44, TC 97, TC 99.

=== Kitchen lighting ===

Good lighting is essential in a kitchen and must be considered alongside a basic layout. Lighting systems need to have at least two elements: bright, shadow-free task light for cooking and atmospheric lighting to create a relaxing environment. Think creatively where you want to put your light sources.

Kitchen lighting

For example, downlighters work well over islands or uplights that are incorporated to the tops of cabinets. It is always useful to have lighting under the wall units to light up the preparation area and worktops.

Finally, light colour choice is an important aspect that shouldn’t be neglected as it can impact dramatically on your scheme. While you may want LEDs to give off cool white light above worktops, warm whte is much more relaxing for the dining area.

=== Kitchen ventilation ===

Modern kitchen ventilation is achieved using a cooker hood, however on occasion extra ventilation is required. An important step in designing a well ventilated kitchen is, for example, choosing a spot for the kitchen range. Since the range is the primary source of fumes, it must have a vent system that pulls the odours outside of the house. While a dedicated ventilation system is necessary for safety and air quality in your kitchen, you can also ensure proper ventilation by adding windows in key spots.

In England and Wales, requirements for ventilation are contained in part F – Ventilation, of Schedule 1 to the Building Regulations. You also need to have special attention to fans installation. Part P of the Building Regulations covers the installation of domestic electrical appliances.

=== ===

<signature><signature>

File:Galley kitchen layout How to design a kitchen.jpg

2019-02-14T09:31:00Z

ACCA software:

File:Single wall kitchen layout How to design a kitchen.jpg

2019-02-14T09:28:31Z

ACCA software:

File:Render1 how to design a kitchen.jpg

2019-02-14T09:23:01Z

ACCA software:

How to design a kitchen

2019-02-14T09:18:47Z

ACCA software:

== [[File:How to design a kitchen-cover.jpg]] ==

== How to design a kitchen: the complete illustrated guide ==

== How to design a kitchen: here’s the technical guide with everything you need to know about how to design a kitchen correctly together with rules, standards, layouts, examples and 3D project files ready for download ==

In this insight we’ll be analyzing how to design a kitchen in a correct way. We will look at standard kitchen sizes, along with some useful rules that will help you design a practical and functional kitchen.

The key to a well-structured and highly organized kitchen is planning the space and the location of the most important appliances to enable frequent tasks to be completed comfortably and efficiently.

DWG layouts with floor plans and sections of different types of kitchens together with 3D models in EDF format are ready for download and can be a useful reference for your project.

=== How to design a kitchen: what is the Work triangle? ===

The space planning has become known as the “work triangle”, which is the area of activity where the tasks carried out in a kitchen involve the sink, the stove and the refrigerator. The primary idea is that these three elements, connected by imaginary lines, are in close proximity (but not so close) to one another. Hence, the work triangle is designed to minimize traffic within the kitchen and to facilitate the access to the three appliances when cooking.

[[File:Work-triangle?how to design a kitchen.jpg]]

“Work Triangle”

The NKBA (National Kitchen and Bath Association) suggests some guidelines regarding how to set up a work triangle efficiently. It is recommended to keep the work triangle distance between the sink, fridge and cooker at 7 m (= 23 ft) or less. Work triangles that exceed 7 m/23 ft make moving from one function to another unpractical. The ideal length of the work triangle lies between 4 m (13 ft) and 6 m (19 ft). Further on this article, we will indicate measurements only with the Metric system (considering that 1 ft = 0.3048 m = 30.48 cm and 1 m = 3.28 ft).

In addition, the kitchen work triangle is a concept used to determine different types of kitchen layouts that would be both aesthetical and functional/efficient.

Further, let’s see some examples of kitchen design.

=== How to design a kitchen: typical kitchen layouts ===

Designers should consider that a kitchen has different flows and work areas that need to be integrated throughout the project. There are several basic kitchen layouts that are typically used and that depends on your limits or wall, door and window locations. Specifically, the most commonly used types include:

* single wall (or linear)
* galley (with two parallel lines)
* L-shaped
* U-shaped
* L-shaped or linear with island
* L-shaped or U-shaped with peninsula

Let’s see them in detail.

Single wall layout

A single wall layout has all the appliances, cabinets and countertop installed along one wall. This option implies the smallest possible footprint and allows to perform all tasks in a single workspace.

Galley layout

A galley layout consist of two parallel lines of units forming a central corridor where to work. It is ideal for space saving and enhances efficiency during cooking. Ensure 1.2mt (3.9ft) space down the middle of the units to move comfortably and for opening cupboards.

L-shaped layout

The L-shaped kitchen layout is one of the most popular and classic type of plan. It features two walls that form a perpendicular angle, maximising corner spaces while eliminating traffic. The L-shaped kitchen offers a good option for the working triangle, especially if you position the sink halfway down one side of the units.

U-shaped layout

The U-shaped kitchen plan also provides a good layout for the working triangle and allows good storage, while offering three sides or walls. It works good for both small or large kitchens.

L-shaped or linear with island

The island design is very useful for larger kitchens where units are placed around a perimeter. The island provides storage, seating or even a food preparation area.

L-shaped or U-shaped with peninsula

In kitchen terms, a peninsula is similar to an island, but instead of standing free, one end is attached to the wall, serving as extension of the kitchen layout. Peninsulas are commonly seen in L-shaped or U-shaped kitchens within a larger space. This type of design features functional units along one wall and one window and a peninsula that continues with no need for a third wall, thus leaving one side exposed.

=== Cabinet dimensions ===

Measurements are usually relating to appliances and units and are often designed with standard dimensions so to fit the kitchen furniture.

=== ===

Base modules have a standard depth of 60 cm. This measurement takes into account that the sides have a width of 58 cm and add another 1.8/2.00 cm for the thickness of the door panel. A working island will also have a minimum depth of 60 cm while a wall unit of 30 cm.

Cabinet heights generally reach 72 cm plus the support leg height while wall unit measurements range between 72/90 cm. In case of upper wall cabinet modules, these must be placed at a height of 140-150 cm from the pavement level considering the bottom panel. The working side of an island unit should match the height of the kitchen worktop.

The standard widths of a module are variable and depend on the use that each module has. Typically they measure 30 cm, 45 cm, 60 cm. With regard to appliances, the modules are generally 60 cm and 90 cm for cooktops, sinks and ovens.

The following table shows coordinated dimensions for kitchen units and appliances:

=== Kitchen unit measurements ===

{|
| Sizes
| Base unit
| Wall unit
| Worktops
| Sinks
|-
| Height
| 72 cm plus support leg
| 72-90 cm
| 2-4 cm thickness
| 15-18 cm
|-
| Width
| 30-60 cm
| 30-60 cm
| 2.5 m, 3 m or 4 m and cut to fit
| 76-95 cm
|-
| Depth
| Up to 60 cm
| 30 cm
| depth of cabinet (plus wall clearance if necessary)
| 44-50 cm
|}

=== Appliances dimensions ===

{|
|width="16%"| Sizes
|width="16%"| Cooking top
|width="16%"| Fridge/Freezer
|width="16%"| Dishwasher (Full / Slimline)
|width="16%"| Washing machine / dryer
|width="16%"| Built-in oven
|-
| Height
| —
| 140-180 cm
| starting from 70 cm
| starting from 70 cm
| starting from 45 cm
|-
| Width
| 45 – 90 cm
| starting from 60 cm
| 60 / 45 cm
| 56-60 cm
| 60 – 90 cm
|-
| Depth
| 50 cm
| starting from 50 cm
| 55 – 60 cm
| starting from 40 cm
| 55 cm
|}

=== Materials ===

Kitchen rendering details

The most widely used materials for each element of the kitchen are those listed below.

Cabinet boxes

Cabinet boxes are usually built with these materials:

* particle board
* plywood
* solid wood

Cabinet materials examples

Cabinet doors

The materials used for cabinet doors are the following:

* laminate
* melanine
* lacquered MDF (medium density fireboard)
* solid wood

Cabinet door materials

Countertops

Countertops are typically found in:

* steel 18/8 AISI 304
* acrylic resin (such as: Corian – Pral – Staron – Himacs – Nikron – Delian – GetaCore – Harmony – Policor – Wilsonart – Hanex)
* quartz conglomerate (such as: Stone – Okite – Zodiaq – Romaxx – Silestone – Technistone – Caesar Stone – Santa Margherita – Quarella – Eco by Cosentino – Ecofriend)
* romaxx quartz surfaces – Cristalite – Viatera – Oreolite)
* laminate
* glass
* marble
* natural granite
* ceramic or sintered ceramic (such as: Kerlite – Laminam – Iris – Ariostea – Florim – Lapitec – Dekton)

Countertop materials

=== Kitchen Design Rules and Recommendations ===

UK guidelines

There are some fundamental design principles when it comes to planning a kitchen that should be considered. However, a simple kitchen refresh with new units won’t generally require approval, unless knocking down a wall, moving sanitary fittings such as the sink or carryout out electrical works and ensure the room to have adequate ventilation and drainage.

In the U.K., works to refit a kitchen doesn’t generally require approval from local authorities and building regulations, although approval is likely to be requested for drainage, electrical works or if you install a new gas appliance, under [https://www.labc.co.uk/professionals/building-regulations-guidance-documents UK Building Regulations]. Moreover, you might still need planning permission, even for not listed homes, when altering the existing layout, therefore, changing the external house appearance, and moving a wall or a drainage.

USA guidelines

The leading source in the USA is the [https://nkba.org/ National Kitchen and Bath Association (NKBA)] for kitchen design information providing the essential rules and guidelines together with the most important aspects of kitchen planning, including layouts, proper materials, lighting and other technical aspects.

With regard to electrical circuits and devices, most local codes follow the [https://www.nfpa.org/NEC/About-the-NEC/Free-online-access-to-the-NEC-and-other-electrical-standards NEC], the only electrical code in the USA that covers lighting, switches, receptacles and other appliances.

=== Electrical installations ===

Household appliances and electrical installations are one of the areas where the use and importance of standards is noticed in everyday life. European Standards on the safety of household and similar electrical appliances are continuously adapted in order to fit with the latest technological changes.

More than 20 CEN and [https://www.cenelec.eu/aboutcenelec/whatwedo/technologysectors/electricalengineering.html CENELEC Technical Committees] are developing European Standards ensuring high levels of performance and safety.

The reference standard is IEC TC 64:

* concerning protection against electric shock arising from equipment, from installations and from systems without adequate circuit protection;
* for design, correct use and verification of all kind of electrical installations at supply voltage of up to 1 kV a.c. or 1,5 kV d.c., except those installations covered by the following IEC committees: TC 9, TC 18, TC 44, TC 97, TC 99.

=== Kitchen lighting ===

Good lighting is essential in a kitchen and must be considered alongside a basic layout. Lighting systems need to have at least two elements: bright, shadow-free task light for cooking and atmospheric lighting to create a relaxing environment. Think creatively where you want to put your light sources.

Kitchen lighting

For example, downlighters work well over islands or uplights that are incorporated to the tops of cabinets. It is always useful to have lighting under the wall units to light up the preparation area and worktops.

Finally, light colour choice is an important aspect that shouldn’t be neglected as it can impact dramatically on your scheme. While you may want LEDs to give off cool white light above worktops, warm whte is much more relaxing for the dining area.

=== Kitchen ventilation ===

Modern kitchen ventilation is achieved using a cooker hood, however on occasion extra ventilation is required. An important step in designing a well ventilated kitchen is, for example, choosing a spot for the kitchen range. Since the range is the primary source of fumes, it must have a vent system that pulls the odours outside of the house. While a dedicated ventilation system is necessary for safety and air quality in your kitchen, you can also ensure proper ventilation by adding windows in key spots.

In England and Wales, requirements for ventilation are contained in part F – Ventilation, of Schedule 1 to the Building Regulations. You also need to have special attention to fans installation. Part P of the Building Regulations covers the installation of domestic electrical appliances.

=== ===

<signature><signature>

File:Work-triangle?how to design a kitchen.jpg

2019-02-14T09:15:07Z

ACCA software:

File:How to design a kitchen-cover.jpg

2019-02-14T09:10:31Z

ACCA software:

How to design a kitchen

2019-02-14T08:58:17Z

ACCA software:

== How to design a kitchen: the complete illustrated guide ==

== How to design a kitchen: here’s the technical guide with everything you need to know about how to design a kitchen correctly together with rules, standards, layouts, examples and 3D project files ready for download ==

In this insight we’ll be analyzing how to design a kitchen in a correct way. We will look at standard kitchen sizes, along with some useful rules that will help you design a practical and functional kitchen.

The key to a well-structured and highly organized kitchen is planning the space and the location of the most important appliances to enable frequent tasks to be completed comfortably and efficiently.

DWG layouts with floor plans and sections of different types of kitchens together with 3D models in EDF format are ready for download and can be a useful reference for your project.

=== How to design a kitchen: what is the Work triangle? ===

The space planning has become known as the “work triangle”, which is the area of activity where the tasks carried out in a kitchen involve the sink, the stove and the refrigerator. The primary idea is that these three elements, connected by imaginary lines, are in close proximity (but not so close) to one another. Hence, the work triangle is designed to minimize traffic within the kitchen and to facilitate the access to the three appliances when cooking.

“Work Triangle”

The NKBA (National Kitchen and Bath Association) suggests some guidelines regarding how to set up a work triangle efficiently. It is recommended to keep the work triangle distance between the sink, fridge and cooker at 7 m (= 23 ft) or less. Work triangles that exceed 7 m/23 ft make moving from one function to another unpractical. The ideal length of the work triangle lies between 4 m (13 ft) and 6 m (19 ft). Further on this article, we will indicate measurements only with the Metric system (considering that 1 ft = 0.3048 m = 30.48 cm and 1 m = 3.28 ft).

In addition, the kitchen work triangle is a concept used to determine different types of kitchen layouts that would be both aesthetical and functional/efficient.

Further, let’s see some examples of kitchen design.

=== How to design a kitchen: typical kitchen layouts ===

Designers should consider that a kitchen has different flows and work areas that need to be integrated throughout the project. There are several basic kitchen layouts that are typically used and that depends on your limits or wall, door and window locations. Specifically, the most commonly used types include:

* single wall (or linear)
* galley (with two parallel lines)
* L-shaped
* U-shaped
* L-shaped or linear with island
* L-shaped or U-shaped with peninsula

Let’s see them in detail.

Single wall layout

A single wall layout has all the appliances, cabinets and countertop installed along one wall. This option implies the smallest possible footprint and allows to perform all tasks in a single workspace.

Galley layout

A galley layout consist of two parallel lines of units forming a central corridor where to work. It is ideal for space saving and enhances efficiency during cooking. Ensure 1.2mt (3.9ft) space down the middle of the units to move comfortably and for opening cupboards.

L-shaped layout

The L-shaped kitchen layout is one of the most popular and classic type of plan. It features two walls that form a perpendicular angle, maximising corner spaces while eliminating traffic. The L-shaped kitchen offers a good option for the working triangle, especially if you position the sink halfway down one side of the units.

U-shaped layout

The U-shaped kitchen plan also provides a good layout for the working triangle and allows good storage, while offering three sides or walls. It works good for both small or large kitchens.

L-shaped or linear with island

The island design is very useful for larger kitchens where units are placed around a perimeter. The island provides storage, seating or even a food preparation area.

L-shaped or U-shaped with peninsula

In kitchen terms, a peninsula is similar to an island, but instead of standing free, one end is attached to the wall, serving as extension of the kitchen layout. Peninsulas are commonly seen in L-shaped or U-shaped kitchens within a larger space. This type of design features functional units along one wall and one window and a peninsula that continues with no need for a third wall, thus leaving one side exposed.

=== Cabinet dimensions ===

Measurements are usually relating to appliances and units and are often designed with standard dimensions so to fit the kitchen furniture.

=== ===

Base modules have a standard depth of 60 cm. This measurement takes into account that the sides have a width of 58 cm and add another 1.8/2.00 cm for the thickness of the door panel. A working island will also have a minimum depth of 60 cm while a wall unit of 30 cm.

Cabinet heights generally reach 72 cm plus the support leg height while wall unit measurements range between 72/90 cm. In case of upper wall cabinet modules, these must be placed at a height of 140-150 cm from the pavement level considering the bottom panel. The working side of an island unit should match the height of the kitchen worktop.

The standard widths of a module are variable and depend on the use that each module has. Typically they measure 30 cm, 45 cm, 60 cm. With regard to appliances, the modules are generally 60 cm and 90 cm for cooktops, sinks and ovens.

The following table shows coordinated dimensions for kitchen units and appliances:

=== Kitchen unit measurements ===

{|
| Sizes
| Base unit
| Wall unit
| Worktops
| Sinks
|-
| Height
| 72 cm plus support leg
| 72-90 cm
| 2-4 cm thickness
| 15-18 cm
|-
| Width
| 30-60 cm
| 30-60 cm
| 2.5 m, 3 m or 4 m and cut to fit
| 76-95 cm
|-
| Depth
| Up to 60 cm
| 30 cm
| depth of cabinet (plus wall clearance if necessary)
| 44-50 cm
|}

=== Appliances dimensions ===

Sizes Cooking top Fridge/Freezer Dishwasher (Full / Slimline) Washing machine / dryer Built-in oven

Height

—

140-180 cm

starting from 70 cm

starting from 70 cm

starting from 45 cm

Width

45 – 90 cm

starting from 60 cm

60 / 45 cm

56-60 cm

60 – 90 cm

Depth

50 cm

starting from 50 cm

55 – 60 cm

starting from 40 cm

55 cm

=== Materials ===

Kitchen rendering details

The most widely used materials for each element of the kitchen are those listed below.

Cabinet boxes

Cabinet boxes are usually built with these materials:

* particle board
* plywood
* solid wood

Cabinet materials examples

Cabinet doors

The materials used for cabinet doors are the following:

* laminate
* melanine
* lacquered MDF (medium density fireboard)
* solid wood

Cabinet door materials

Countertops

Countertops are typically found in:

* steel 18/8 AISI 304
* acrylic resin (such as: Corian – Pral – Staron – Himacs – Nikron – Delian – GetaCore – Harmony – Policor – Wilsonart – Hanex)
* quartz conglomerate (such as: Stone – Okite – Zodiaq – Romaxx – Silestone – Technistone – Caesar Stone – Santa Margherita – Quarella – Eco by Cosentino – Ecofriend)
* romaxx quartz surfaces – Cristalite – Viatera – Oreolite)
* laminate
* glass
* marble
* natural granite
* ceramic or sintered ceramic (such as: Kerlite – Laminam – Iris – Ariostea – Florim – Lapitec – Dekton)

Countertop materials

=== Kitchen Design Rules and Recommendations ===

UK guidelines

There are some fundamental design principles when it comes to planning a kitchen that should be considered. However, a simple kitchen refresh with new units won’t generally require approval, unless knocking down a wall, moving sanitary fittings such as the sink or carryout out electrical works and ensure the room to have adequate ventilation and drainage.

In the U.K., works to refit a kitchen doesn’t generally require approval from local authorities and building regulations, although approval is likely to be requested for drainage, electrical works or if you install a new gas appliance, under [https://www.labc.co.uk/professionals/building-regulations-guidance-documents UK Building Regulations]. Moreover, you might still need planning permission, even for not listed homes, when altering the existing layout, therefore, changing the external house appearance, and moving a wall or a drainage.

USA guidelines

The leading source in the USA is the [https://nkba.org/ National Kitchen and Bath Association (NKBA)] for kitchen design information providing the essential rules and guidelines together with the most important aspects of kitchen planning, including layouts, proper materials, lighting and other technical aspects.

With regard to electrical circuits and devices, most local codes follow the [https://www.nfpa.org/NEC/About-the-NEC/Free-online-access-to-the-NEC-and-other-electrical-standards NEC], the only electrical code in the USA that covers lighting, switches, receptacles and other appliances.

=== Electrical installations ===

Household appliances and electrical installations are one of the areas where the use and importance of standards is noticed in everyday life. European Standards on the safety of household and similar electrical appliances are continuously adapted in order to fit with the latest technological changes.

More than 20 CEN and [https://www.cenelec.eu/aboutcenelec/whatwedo/technologysectors/electricalengineering.html CENELEC Technical Committees] are developing European Standards ensuring high levels of performance and safety.

The reference standard is IEC TC 64:

* concerning protection against electric shock arising from equipment, from installations and from systems without adequate circuit protection;
* for design, correct use and verification of all kind of electrical installations at supply voltage of up to 1 kV a.c. or 1,5 kV d.c., except those installations covered by the following IEC committees: TC 9, TC 18, TC 44, TC 97, TC 99.

=== Kitchen lighting ===

Good lighting is essential in a kitchen and must be considered alongside a basic layout. Lighting systems need to have at least two elements: bright, shadow-free task light for cooking and atmospheric lighting to create a relaxing environment. Think creatively where you want to put your light sources.

Kitchen lighting

For example, downlighters work well over islands or uplights that are incorporated to the tops of cabinets. It is always useful to have lighting under the wall units to light up the preparation area and worktops.

Finally, light colour choice is an important aspect that shouldn’t be neglected as it can impact dramatically on your scheme. While you may want LEDs to give off cool white light above worktops, warm whte is much more relaxing for the dining area.

=== Kitchen ventilation ===

Modern kitchen ventilation is achieved using a cooker hood, however on occasion extra ventilation is required. An important step in designing a well ventilated kitchen is, for example, choosing a spot for the kitchen range. Since the range is the primary source of fumes, it must have a vent system that pulls the odours outside of the house. While a dedicated ventilation system is necessary for safety and air quality in your kitchen, you can also ensure proper ventilation by adding windows in key spots.

In England and Wales, requirements for ventilation are contained in part F – Ventilation, of Schedule 1 to the Building Regulations. You also need to have special attention to fans installation. Part P of the Building Regulations covers the installation of domestic electrical appliances.

=== Download the project DWG files and the 3D BIM model ===

In this section you’ll find the DWG project examples and the 3D BIM model ready for download

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