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		<id>https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Utilities%27_connections</id>
		<title>Utilities' connections - Revision history</title>
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		<updated>2026-05-09T12:27:03Z</updated>
		<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/index.php?title=Utilities%27_connections&amp;diff=223708&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>193.63.42.35: Undo revision 223707 by [[Special:Contributions/[IP address hidden]|[IP address hidden]]] ([[User talk:[IP address hidden]|talk]])</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/index.php?title=Utilities%27_connections&amp;diff=223708&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2022-01-25T14:49:14Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Undo revision 223707 by [[Special:Contributions/[IP address hidden]|[IP address hidden]]] ([[User talk:[IP address hidden]|talk]])&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;
			&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
			&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
			&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
			&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
		&lt;tr valign='top'&gt;
		&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 14:49, 25 January 2022&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Water, gas, electricity, sewerage and telecommunications are collectively referred to as utilities. Utilities’ connections are those points at which incoming utilities are connected to allow them to serve a user, whether in a house, apartment, commercial or other property.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Water, gas, electricity, sewerage and telecommunications are collectively referred to as utilities. Utilities’ connections are those points at which incoming utilities are connected to allow them to serve a user, whether in a house, apartment, commercial or other property.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Services such as water, electricity and gas typically enter a building below ground; those leaving a building (such as drainage) typically either pass through a wall below ground or through the foundation itself if it is of the vertical strip variety. It is therefore important at the design stage to ensure provision is made for these pass-through points eg using precast concrete lintels or brick arches over openings in walls and so on. The process can be simplified if the service pipe can be positioned as the below-ground wall is being built. When passing through foundations, these service supply pipe openings must be formed at the precise locations before concreting takes place, either by using open-ended timber boxes or plastic pipe&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;.&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Services such as water, electricity and gas typically enter a building below ground; those leaving a building (such as drainage) typically either pass through a wall below ground or through the foundation itself if it is of the vertical strip variety. It is therefore important at the design stage to ensure provision is made for these pass-through points eg using precast concrete lintels or brick arches over openings in walls and so on. The process can be simplified if the service pipe can be positioned as the below-ground wall is being built. When passing through foundations, these service supply pipe openings must be formed at the precise locations before concreting takes place, either by using open-ended timber boxes or plastic pipe.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Connection points vary depending on the utility in question. Water connections between supplier and user tend to be close to the boundary of the property. The water company’s stop valve (or stop cock) is usually located on the site perimeter and is connected to the stop valve located within the property and accessible by the customer. From here, the rising main serves the building’s drinking, heating and other facilities and cold-water storage tank (if there is one).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Connection points vary depending on the utility in question. Water connections between supplier and user tend to be close to the boundary of the property. The water company’s stop valve (or stop cock) is usually located on the site perimeter and is connected to the stop valve located within the property and accessible by the customer. From here, the rising main serves the building’s drinking, heating and other facilities and cold-water storage tank (if there is one).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>[IP address hidden]</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/index.php?title=Utilities%27_connections&amp;diff=223707&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>193.63.42.35 at 14:46, 25 January 2022</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/index.php?title=Utilities%27_connections&amp;diff=223707&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2022-01-25T14:46:01Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;
			&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
			&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
			&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
			&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
		&lt;tr valign='top'&gt;
		&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 14:46, 25 January 2022&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Water, gas, electricity, sewerage and telecommunications are collectively referred to as utilities. Utilities’ connections are those points at which incoming utilities are connected to allow them to serve a user, whether in a house, apartment, commercial or other property.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Water, gas, electricity, sewerage and telecommunications are collectively referred to as utilities. Utilities’ connections are those points at which incoming utilities are connected to allow them to serve a user, whether in a house, apartment, commercial or other property.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Services such as water, electricity and gas typically enter a building below ground; those leaving a building (such as drainage) typically either pass through a wall below ground or through the foundation itself if it is of the vertical strip variety. It is therefore important at the design stage to ensure provision is made for these pass-through points eg using precast concrete lintels or brick arches over openings in walls and so on. The process can be simplified if the service pipe can be positioned as the below-ground wall is being built. When passing through foundations, these service supply pipe openings must be formed at the precise locations before concreting takes place, either by using open-ended timber boxes or plastic pipe.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Services such as water, electricity and gas typically enter a building below ground; those leaving a building (such as drainage) typically either pass through a wall below ground or through the foundation itself if it is of the vertical strip variety. It is therefore important at the design stage to ensure provision is made for these pass-through points eg using precast concrete lintels or brick arches over openings in walls and so on. The process can be simplified if the service pipe can be positioned as the below-ground wall is being built. When passing through foundations, these service supply pipe openings must be formed at the precise locations before concreting takes place, either by using open-ended timber boxes or plastic pipe&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;.&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Connection points vary depending on the utility in question. Water connections between supplier and user tend to be close to the boundary of the property. The water company’s stop valve (or stop cock) is usually located on the site perimeter and is connected to the stop valve located within the property and accessible by the customer. From here, the rising main serves the building’s drinking, heating and other facilities and cold-water storage tank (if there is one).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Connection points vary depending on the utility in question. Water connections between supplier and user tend to be close to the boundary of the property. The water company’s stop valve (or stop cock) is usually located on the site perimeter and is connected to the stop valve located within the property and accessible by the customer. From here, the rising main serves the building’s drinking, heating and other facilities and cold-water storage tank (if there is one).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>[IP address hidden]</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/index.php?title=Utilities%27_connections&amp;diff=190929&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Designing Buildings at 08:17, 22 January 2021</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/index.php?title=Utilities%27_connections&amp;diff=190929&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2021-01-22T08:17:35Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;
			&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
			&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
			&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
			&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
		&lt;tr valign='top'&gt;
		&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 08:17, 22 January 2021&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 33:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 33:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://www.ofcom.org.uk/ OFCOM] (telecommunications)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://www.ofcom.org.uk/ OFCOM] (telecommunications)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Construction_techniques&lt;/del&gt;]] [[Category:&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Design&lt;/del&gt;]] [[Category:&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Products_/_components&lt;/del&gt;]] [[Category:&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;DCN_Product_Knowledge&lt;/del&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;DCN_Definition&lt;/ins&gt;]] [[Category:&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;DCN_Guidance&lt;/ins&gt;]] [[Category:&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Construction_techniques&lt;/ins&gt;]] [[Category:&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Design]] [[Category:Products_/_components&lt;/ins&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Designing Buildings</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/index.php?title=Utilities%27_connections&amp;diff=143132&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Designing Buildings at 10:01, 10 September 2019</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/index.php?title=Utilities%27_connections&amp;diff=143132&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2019-09-10T10:01:14Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;
			&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
			&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
			&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
			&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
		&lt;tr valign='top'&gt;
		&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 10:01, 10 September 2019&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 16:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 16:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Building services.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Building services.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Concession agreement.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Electrical control systems.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Electrical control systems.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* External works.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* External works.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Renewable energy.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Renewable energy.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Statutory undertakers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Statutory undertakers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Stakeholders.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Sustainable urban drainage systems.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Sustainable urban drainage systems.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Third party dependencies.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Third party dependencies.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Types of building services.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Types of building services.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Utilities.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Utilities cost.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Utilities cost.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Water conservation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Water conservation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 34:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 33:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://www.ofcom.org.uk/ OFCOM] (telecommunications)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://www.ofcom.org.uk/ OFCOM] (telecommunications)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Design]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Design]] [[Category:Products_/_components&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge&lt;/ins&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Designing Buildings</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/index.php?title=Utilities%27_connections&amp;diff=143130&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Designing Buildings at 10:00, 10 September 2019</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/index.php?title=Utilities%27_connections&amp;diff=143130&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2019-09-10T10:00:05Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;
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			&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
			&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
		&lt;tr valign='top'&gt;
		&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 10:00, 10 September 2019&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Water, gas, electricity, sewerage and telecommunications are collectively &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;called &lt;/del&gt;utilities. Utilities’ connections are those points &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;where &lt;/del&gt;incoming utilities are connected to allow them to serve &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the final &lt;/del&gt;user, whether &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;that user is &lt;/del&gt;a house, apartment, commercial or other &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;building&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Water, gas, electricity, sewerage and telecommunications are collectively &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;referred to as &lt;/ins&gt;utilities. Utilities’ connections are those points &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;at which &lt;/ins&gt;incoming utilities are connected to allow them to serve &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;a &lt;/ins&gt;user, whether &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;in &lt;/ins&gt;a house, apartment, commercial or other &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;property&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Services such as water, electricity and gas typically enter a building below ground; those leaving a building (such as drainage) typically &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;pass &lt;/del&gt;either through a wall below ground or through the foundation itself if it is of the vertical strip variety. It is therefore important at the design stage to ensure provision is made for these pass-through points eg using precast concrete lintels or brick arches over openings in walls. The process can be simplified if the service pipe can be positioned as the below-ground wall is being built. When passing through foundations, these service supply pipe openings must be formed at the precise locations before concreting takes place, either by using open-ended timber boxes or plastic pipe.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Services such as water, electricity and gas typically enter a building below ground; those leaving a building (such as drainage) typically either &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;pass &lt;/ins&gt;through a wall below ground or through the foundation itself if it is of the vertical strip variety. It is therefore important at the design stage to ensure provision is made for these pass-through points eg using precast concrete lintels or brick arches over openings in walls &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and so on&lt;/ins&gt;. The process can be simplified if the service pipe can be positioned as the below-ground wall is being built. When passing through foundations, these service supply pipe openings must be formed at the precise locations before concreting takes place, either by using open-ended timber boxes or plastic pipe.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Connection points vary depending on the utility in question. Water connections between supplier and user tend to be close to the boundary of the property. The water company’s stop valve (or stop cock) is usually located on the site perimeter and is connected to the stop valve located within the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;building &lt;/del&gt;and accessible by the customer. From here, the rising main serves the building’s drinking &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;water &lt;/del&gt;facilities and cold-water storage tank (if there is one).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Connection points vary depending on the utility in question. Water connections between supplier and user tend to be close to the boundary of the property. The water company’s stop valve (or stop cock) is usually located on the site perimeter and is connected to the stop valve located within the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;property &lt;/ins&gt;and accessible by the customer. From here, the rising main serves the building’s drinking&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;, heating and other &lt;/ins&gt;facilities and cold-water storage tank (if there is one).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Gas and electricity connections tend to be inside the property at accessible points: the first point of connection for both gas and electricity will be at their respective meter which will be in a position that allows easy reading, both by the user and by utility personnel.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Gas and electricity connections tend to be inside the property at accessible points: the first point of connection for both gas and electricity will be at their respective meter which will be in a position that allows easy reading, both by the user and by utility personnel.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Gas and electricity should not enter the building through the same duct&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;. Installing connecting pipes and cabling from the respective gas and electricity metres is usually undertaken by specialist subcontractors and should be carried out before the building’s finishes are applied&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;To avoid the risk of explosion, fire and electrocution, electrical services should be well separated from gas and water services. &lt;/ins&gt;Gas and electricity should not enter the building through the same duct.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Once installed &lt;/del&gt;to the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;layout requirements of &lt;/del&gt;the &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;designer&lt;/del&gt;, gas and electrical services should be inspected by representatives of the respective &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;utility &lt;/del&gt;to ensure the work complies with &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;safety regulations&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;The infrastructure necessary &lt;/ins&gt;to &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;supply utilities may be provided by &lt;/ins&gt;the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;network operator, or increasingly, by an independent provider (to an agreed design that is then ‘adopted’ by &lt;/ins&gt;the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;network operator). Installing connecting pipes and cabling from the respective gas and electricity metres is usually undertaken by specialist subcontractors and should be carried out before the building’s finishes are applied. Once installed&lt;/ins&gt;, gas and electrical services should be inspected by representatives of the respective &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;utilities &lt;/ins&gt;to ensure the work complies with &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;requirements&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;To avoid the risk of explosion, fire and electrocution, electrical services should be well separated from gas and water services.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In a bid to ensure ongoing safety and efficiency, public utility service organisations &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;may &lt;/ins&gt;periodically check for possible damage to existing installations.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In a bid to ensure ongoing safety and efficiency, public utility service organisations &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;will &lt;/del&gt;periodically check for possible damage to existing installations.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Designing Buildings</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/index.php?title=Utilities%27_connections&amp;diff=142770&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Editor: Created page with &quot;Water, gas, electricity, sewerage and telecommunications are collectively called utilities. Utilities’ connections are those points where incoming utilities are connected to al...&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/index.php?title=Utilities%27_connections&amp;diff=142770&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2019-09-04T16:40:48Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;Water, gas, electricity, sewerage and telecommunications are collectively called utilities. Utilities’ connections are those points where incoming utilities are connected to al...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;Water, gas, electricity, sewerage and telecommunications are collectively called utilities. Utilities’ connections are those points where incoming utilities are connected to allow them to serve the final user, whether that user is a house, apartment, commercial or other building.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Services such as water, electricity and gas typically enter a building below ground; those leaving a building (such as drainage) typically pass either through a wall below ground or through the foundation itself if it is of the vertical strip variety. It is therefore important at the design stage to ensure provision is made for these pass-through points eg using precast concrete lintels or brick arches over openings in walls. The process can be simplified if the service pipe can be positioned as the below-ground wall is being built. When passing through foundations, these service supply pipe openings must be formed at the precise locations before concreting takes place, either by using open-ended timber boxes or plastic pipe.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Connection points vary depending on the utility in question. Water connections between supplier and user tend to be close to the boundary of the property. The water company’s stop valve (or stop cock) is usually located on the site perimeter and is connected to the stop valve located within the building and accessible by the customer. From here, the rising main serves the building’s drinking water facilities and cold-water storage tank (if there is one).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Gas and electricity connections tend to be inside the property at accessible points: the first point of connection for both gas and electricity will be at their respective meter which will be in a position that allows easy reading, both by the user and by utility personnel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Gas and electricity should not enter the building through the same duct. Installing connecting pipes and cabling from the respective gas and electricity metres is usually undertaken by specialist subcontractors and should be carried out before the building’s finishes are applied.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Once installed to the layout requirements of the designer, gas and electrical services should be inspected by representatives of the respective utility to ensure the work complies with safety regulations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To avoid the risk of explosion, fire and electrocution, electrical services should be well separated from gas and water services.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In a bid to ensure ongoing safety and efficiency, public utility service organisations will periodically check for possible damage to existing installations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Building services.&lt;br /&gt;
* Concession agreement.&lt;br /&gt;
* Electrical control systems.&lt;br /&gt;
* External works.&lt;br /&gt;
* Renewable energy.&lt;br /&gt;
* Statutory undertakers.&lt;br /&gt;
* Stakeholders.&lt;br /&gt;
* Sustainable urban drainage systems.&lt;br /&gt;
* Third party dependencies.&lt;br /&gt;
* Types of building services.&lt;br /&gt;
* Utilities cost.&lt;br /&gt;
* Water conservation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= External references =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.ofgem.gov.uk/ OFGEM] (electricity and gas)&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.ofwat.gov.uk/ OFWAT] (water and sewerage)&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.ofcom.org.uk/ OFCOM] (telecommunications)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Design]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Editor</name></author>	</entry>

	</feed>