Transparent aluminium - Revision history

Designing Buildings at 06:33, 30 September 2022

2022-09-30T06:33:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:33, 30 September 2022
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	[[File:ALON_transparent_aluminium.jpg\|link=http://www.surmet.com/technology/alon-optical-ceramics/]]		[[File:ALON_transparent_aluminium.jpg\|link=http://www.surmet.com/technology/alon-optical-ceramics/]]

−	Transparent Aluminium (Aluminum in US) or more specifically Aluminum Oxynitride. This is in fact an advanced polycrystalline ceramic with a cubic spinel crystal structure, in its raw form it is a powder that is then set under heat and pressure. It is made up of a mix of Aluminium, Oxygen and Nitrogen in the form of a white powder, so the chemical chemical structure is Al2 O27 N5, hence it is known commercially as commercially known as ALON® [http://www.surmet.com/technology/alon-optical-ceramics/ (image credits)].	+	= Introduction =

−	To some extent it came to be known as transparent aluminium because this fictional material was included in the American futuristic film Star Treck IV the Voyage Home, the film and series ~~in the past~~ have fictionally portrayed futuristic technologies ~~that over time~~ have become reality. Credit: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DduO1fNzV4w Wonder World]	+	Transparent Aluminium (Aluminum in US) or more specifically Aluminum Oxynitride, is an advanced polycrystalline ceramic with a cubic spinel crystal structure. In its raw form it is a powder that is then set under heat and pressure. It is made up of a mix of Aluminium, Oxygen and Nitrogen, so the chemical chemical structure is Al2 O27 N5, hence it is known commercially as commercially known as ALON® [http://www.surmet.com/technology/alon-optical-ceramics/ (image credits)].
		+
		+	To some extent it came to be known as transparent aluminium because this fictional material was included in the American futuristic film Star Treck IV the Voyage Home, the film and series have fictionally portrayed futuristic technologies, some of which have become reality. Credit: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DduO1fNzV4w Wonder World]

	The material was first investigated during the 1960s−1970s, with the first Al2 O3–AlN equilibrium phase diagram completed and the material processed. This produced a translucent aluminium oxynitride spinel ceramic (McCauley, 1978; McCauley and Corbin, 1979; McCauley et al., 2009; Yamaguchi and Yanagida, 1959). Over time this material has been slightly adapted to produce the Al2 O27 N5 ALON® material now manufactured.		The material was first investigated during the 1960s−1970s, with the first Al2 O3–AlN equilibrium phase diagram completed and the material processed. This produced a translucent aluminium oxynitride spinel ceramic (McCauley, 1978; McCauley and Corbin, 1979; McCauley et al., 2009; Yamaguchi and Yanagida, 1959). Over time this material has been slightly adapted to produce the Al2 O27 N5 ALON® material now manufactured.

−	Since then it was been widely used as a transparent ceramic in many applications, including transparent armour. ALON is used for infrared-optical windows, as it has 80% transparency at wave lengths below about 4 micrometers, dropping to near zero at about 6 micrometers. So is used is sensor parts, ~~Infrared~~ domes, and windows for lasers. The material is ~~halve~~ as heavy as glass and can be half as thick and capable of stopping armoury that traditional laminate glass cannot.	+	Since then it was been widely used as a transparent ceramic in many applications, including transparent armour. ALON is used for infrared-optical windows, as it has 80% transparency at wave lengths below about 4 micrometers, dropping to near zero at about 6 micrometers. It is used in sensor parts, infrared domes, and windows for lasers. The material is half as heavy as glass and can be half as thick and capable of stopping armoury that traditional laminate glass cannot.

−	As it can be manufactured using conventional ceramic powder processing techniques it can be fabricated as windows, plates, domes, rods, tubes and other forms. Once set after heat and pressure are applied to the powder the surfaces need to be ~~ground~~ ground and polished to ~~reveal its~~ transparency.	+	As it can be manufactured using conventional ceramic powder processing techniques and can be fabricated as windows, plates, domes, rods, tubes and other forms. Once set after heat and pressure are applied to the powder the surfaces need to be ground and polished to achieve transparency.

−	= Physical ~~/ Mechanical~~ characteristics of Aluminum Oxynitride or ALON® =	+	= Physical and mechanical characteristics of Aluminum Oxynitride or ALON® =

	* Density (g/cc) 3.68 - 3.69		* Density (g/cc) 3.68 - 3.69
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	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =		= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

−	* Aluminium	+	* Acrylic.
−	* Composites	+	* Aluminium.
−	* Glass	+	* Composites.
−	* Types of materials	+	* Glass.
		+	* Glazing.
		+	* Optical properties.
		+	* Plexiglas.
		+	* Transparent.
		+	* Transparent insulation.
		+	* Types of materials.
		+	* Types of metal.

	[[Category:Definitions]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Standards_/_measurements]] [[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]]		[[Category:Definitions]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Standards_/_measurements]] [[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]]

Editor at 10:03, 29 September 2022

2022-09-29T10:03:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:03, 29 September 2022
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−	[[File:ALON_transparent_aluminium.jpg\|link=~~File~~:~~ALON_transparent_aluminium~~.~~jpg~~]]	+	[[File:ALON_transparent_aluminium.jpg\|link=http://www.surmet.com/technology/alon-optical-ceramics/]]

	Transparent Aluminium (Aluminum in US) or more specifically Aluminum Oxynitride. This is in fact an advanced polycrystalline ceramic with a cubic spinel crystal structure, in its raw form it is a powder that is then set under heat and pressure. It is made up of a mix of Aluminium, Oxygen and Nitrogen in the form of a white powder, so the chemical chemical structure is Al2 O27 N5, hence it is known commercially as commercially known as ALON® [http://www.surmet.com/technology/alon-optical-ceramics/ (image credits)].		Transparent Aluminium (Aluminum in US) or more specifically Aluminum Oxynitride. This is in fact an advanced polycrystalline ceramic with a cubic spinel crystal structure, in its raw form it is a powder that is then set under heat and pressure. It is made up of a mix of Aluminium, Oxygen and Nitrogen in the form of a white powder, so the chemical chemical structure is Al2 O27 N5, hence it is known commercially as commercially known as ALON® [http://www.surmet.com/technology/alon-optical-ceramics/ (image credits)].

Editor at 09:57, 29 September 2022

2022-09-29T09:57:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:57, 29 September 2022
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	To some extent it came to be known as transparent aluminium because this fictional material was included in the American futuristic film Star Treck IV the Voyage Home, the film and series in the past have fictionally portrayed futuristic technologies that over time have become reality. Credit: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DduO1fNzV4w Wonder World]		To some extent it came to be known as transparent aluminium because this fictional material was included in the American futuristic film Star Treck IV the Voyage Home, the film and series in the past have fictionally portrayed futuristic technologies that over time have become reality. Credit: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DduO1fNzV4w Wonder World]
−
−	~~[[File:Star_Treck_Transparent_aluminium.jpg\|link=File:Star_Treck_Transparent_aluminium.jpg]]~~

	The material was first investigated during the 1960s−1970s, with the first Al2 O3–AlN equilibrium phase diagram completed and the material processed. This produced a translucent aluminium oxynitride spinel ceramic (McCauley, 1978; McCauley and Corbin, 1979; McCauley et al., 2009; Yamaguchi and Yanagida, 1959). Over time this material has been slightly adapted to produce the Al2 O27 N5 ALON® material now manufactured.		The material was first investigated during the 1960s−1970s, with the first Al2 O3–AlN equilibrium phase diagram completed and the material processed. This produced a translucent aluminium oxynitride spinel ceramic (McCauley, 1978; McCauley and Corbin, 1979; McCauley et al., 2009; Yamaguchi and Yanagida, 1959). Over time this material has been slightly adapted to produce the Al2 O27 N5 ALON® material now manufactured.

Editor at 07:55, 29 September 2022

2022-09-29T07:55:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:55, 29 September 2022
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	Since then it was been widely used as a transparent ceramic in many applications, including transparent armour. ALON is used for infrared-optical windows, as it has 80% transparency at wave lengths below about 4 micrometers, dropping to near zero at about 6 micrometers. So is used is sensor parts, Infrared domes, and windows for lasers. The material is halve as heavy as glass and can be half as thick and capable of stopping armoury that traditional laminate glass cannot.		Since then it was been widely used as a transparent ceramic in many applications, including transparent armour. ALON is used for infrared-optical windows, as it has 80% transparency at wave lengths below about 4 micrometers, dropping to near zero at about 6 micrometers. So is used is sensor parts, Infrared domes, and windows for lasers. The material is halve as heavy as glass and can be half as thick and capable of stopping armoury that traditional laminate glass cannot.

−	As it can b manufactured using conventional ceramic powder processing techniques it can be fabricated as windows, plates, domes, rods, tubes and other forms. Once set after heat and pressure are applied to the powder the surfaces need to be ground ground and polished to reveal its transparency.	+	As it can be manufactured using conventional ceramic powder processing techniques it can be fabricated as windows, plates, domes, rods, tubes and other forms. Once set after heat and pressure are applied to the powder the surfaces need to be ground ground and polished to reveal its transparency.

	= Physical / Mechanical characteristics of Aluminum Oxynitride or ALON® =		= Physical / Mechanical characteristics of Aluminum Oxynitride or ALON® =

Editor at 07:43, 29 September 2022

2022-09-29T07:43:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:43, 29 September 2022
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	[[File:ALON_transparent_aluminium.jpg\|link=File:ALON_transparent_aluminium.jpg]]		[[File:ALON_transparent_aluminium.jpg\|link=File:ALON_transparent_aluminium.jpg]]

−	Transparent Aluminium (Aluminum in US) or more specifically Aluminum Oxynitride. This is in fact an advanced polycrystalline ceramic with a cubic spinel crystal structure, in its raw form it is a powder that is then set under heat and pressure. It is made up of a mix of Aluminium, Oxygen and Nitrogen in the form of a white powder, so the chemical chemical structure is Al2 O27 N5, hence it is known commercially as commercially known as ALON®.	+	Transparent Aluminium (Aluminum in US) or more specifically Aluminum Oxynitride. This is in fact an advanced polycrystalline ceramic with a cubic spinel crystal structure, in its raw form it is a powder that is then set under heat and pressure. It is made up of a mix of Aluminium, Oxygen and Nitrogen in the form of a white powder, so the chemical chemical structure is Al2 O27 N5, hence it is known commercially as commercially known as ALON® [http://www.surmet.com/technology/alon-optical-ceramics/ (image credits)].

	To some extent it came to be known as transparent aluminium because this fictional material was included in the American futuristic film Star Treck IV the Voyage Home, the film and series in the past have fictionally portrayed futuristic technologies that over time have become reality. Credit: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DduO1fNzV4w Wonder World]		To some extent it came to be known as transparent aluminium because this fictional material was included in the American futuristic film Star Treck IV the Voyage Home, the film and series in the past have fictionally portrayed futuristic technologies that over time have become reality. Credit: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DduO1fNzV4w Wonder World]
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	* Aluminium		* Aluminium
	* Composites		* Composites
−	* ~~Metal matrix composites~~	+	* Glass
	* Types of materials		* Types of materials

	[[Category:Definitions]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Standards_/_measurements]] [[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]]		[[Category:Definitions]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Standards_/_measurements]] [[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]]

Editor at 07:37, 29 September 2022

2022-09-29T07:37:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:37, 29 September 2022
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	Transparent Aluminium (Aluminum in US) or more specifically Aluminum Oxynitride. This is in fact an advanced polycrystalline ceramic with a cubic spinel crystal structure, in its raw form it is a powder that is then set under heat and pressure. It is made up of a mix of Aluminium, Oxygen and Nitrogen in the form of a white powder, so the chemical chemical structure is Al2 O27 N5, hence it is known commercially as commercially known as ALON®.		Transparent Aluminium (Aluminum in US) or more specifically Aluminum Oxynitride. This is in fact an advanced polycrystalline ceramic with a cubic spinel crystal structure, in its raw form it is a powder that is then set under heat and pressure. It is made up of a mix of Aluminium, Oxygen and Nitrogen in the form of a white powder, so the chemical chemical structure is Al2 O27 N5, hence it is known commercially as commercially known as ALON®.

−	To some extent it came to be known as transparent aluminium because this fictional material was included in the American futuristic film Star Treck IV the Voyage Home, the film and series in the past have fictionally portrayed futuristic technologies that over time have become reality.	+	To some extent it came to be known as transparent aluminium because this fictional material was included in the American futuristic film Star Treck IV the Voyage Home, the film and series in the past have fictionally portrayed futuristic technologies that over time have become reality. Credit: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DduO1fNzV4w Wonder World]

	[[File:Star_Treck_Transparent_aluminium.jpg\|link=File:Star_Treck_Transparent_aluminium.jpg]]		[[File:Star_Treck_Transparent_aluminium.jpg\|link=File:Star_Treck_Transparent_aluminium.jpg]]

Editor at 15:50, 26 September 2022

2022-09-26T15:50:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:50, 26 September 2022
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−	[[File:~~ALON transparent aluminium~~.jpg]]	+	[[File:ALON_transparent_aluminium.jpg\|link=File:ALON_transparent_aluminium.jpg]]

	Transparent Aluminium (Aluminum in US) or more specifically Aluminum Oxynitride. This is in fact an advanced polycrystalline ceramic with a cubic spinel crystal structure, in its raw form it is a powder that is then set under heat and pressure. It is made up of a mix of Aluminium, Oxygen and Nitrogen in the form of a white powder, so the chemical chemical structure is Al2 O27 N5, hence it is known commercially as commercially known as ALON®.		Transparent Aluminium (Aluminum in US) or more specifically Aluminum Oxynitride. This is in fact an advanced polycrystalline ceramic with a cubic spinel crystal structure, in its raw form it is a powder that is then set under heat and pressure. It is made up of a mix of Aluminium, Oxygen and Nitrogen in the form of a white powder, so the chemical chemical structure is Al2 O27 N5, hence it is known commercially as commercially known as ALON®.
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	To some extent it came to be known as transparent aluminium because this fictional material was included in the American futuristic film Star Treck IV the Voyage Home, the film and series in the past have fictionally portrayed futuristic technologies that over time have become reality.		To some extent it came to be known as transparent aluminium because this fictional material was included in the American futuristic film Star Treck IV the Voyage Home, the film and series in the past have fictionally portrayed futuristic technologies that over time have become reality.

−	[[File:~~Star Treck Transparent aluminium~~.jpg]]	+	[[File:Star_Treck_Transparent_aluminium.jpg\|link=File:Star_Treck_Transparent_aluminium.jpg]]

	The material was first investigated during the 1960s−1970s, with the first Al2 O3–AlN equilibrium phase diagram completed and the material processed. This produced a translucent aluminium oxynitride spinel ceramic (McCauley, 1978; McCauley and Corbin, 1979; McCauley et al., 2009; Yamaguchi and Yanagida, 1959). Over time this material has been slightly adapted to produce the Al2 O27 N5 ALON® material now manufactured.		The material was first investigated during the 1960s−1970s, with the first Al2 O3–AlN equilibrium phase diagram completed and the material processed. This produced a translucent aluminium oxynitride spinel ceramic (McCauley, 1978; McCauley and Corbin, 1979; McCauley et al., 2009; Yamaguchi and Yanagida, 1959). Over time this material has been slightly adapted to produce the Al2 O27 N5 ALON® material now manufactured.
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	As it can b manufactured using conventional ceramic powder processing techniques it can be fabricated as windows, plates, domes, rods, tubes and other forms. Once set after heat and pressure are applied to the powder the surfaces need to be ground ground and polished to reveal its transparency.		As it can b manufactured using conventional ceramic powder processing techniques it can be fabricated as windows, plates, domes, rods, tubes and other forms. Once set after heat and pressure are applied to the powder the surfaces need to be ground ground and polished to reveal its transparency.

−	Physical / Mechanical characteristics of Aluminum Oxynitride or ALON®	+	= Physical / Mechanical characteristics of Aluminum Oxynitride or ALON® =

	* Density (g/cc) 3.68 - 3.69		* Density (g/cc) 3.68 - 3.69
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	* Compressive Strength (GPa) : 2.7		* Compressive Strength (GPa) : 2.7

−	Optical characteristics of Aluminum Oxynitride or ALON®	+	= Optical characteristics of Aluminum Oxynitride or ALON® =

	* Transmission range (>80%) : ~0.22 – 4.5 micron		* Transmission range (>80%) : ~0.22 – 4.5 micron
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	* Typical RI inhomogeneity : 5ppm over 11-inch dia aperture		* Typical RI inhomogeneity : 5ppm over 11-inch dia aperture

−	Thermal characteristics of Aluminum Oxynitride or ALON®	+	= Thermal characteristics of Aluminum Oxynitride or ALON® =

	* Melting Point (0C) : 2,150		* Melting Point (0C) : 2,150
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	* Max. Usable Temperature (inert atm.) 1,900oC		* Max. Usable Temperature (inert atm.) 1,900oC

−	Electrical characteristics of Aluminum Oxynitride or ALON®	+	= Electrical characteristics of Aluminum Oxynitride or ALON® =

	* Volume resistivity$ (ohm-cm) : >1014		* Volume resistivity$ (ohm-cm) : >1014

Editor: Created page with "File:ALON transparent aluminium.jpg Transparent Aluminium (Aluminum in US) or more specifically Aluminum Oxynitride. This is in fact an advanced polycrystalline ceramic with..."

2022-09-26T15:49:13Z

Created page with "File:ALON transparent aluminium.jpg Transparent Aluminium (Aluminum in US) or more specifically Aluminum Oxynitride. This is in fact an advanced polycrystalline ceramic with..."

New page

[[File:ALON transparent aluminium.jpg]]

Transparent Aluminium (Aluminum in US) or more specifically Aluminum Oxynitride. This is in fact an advanced polycrystalline ceramic with a cubic spinel crystal structure, in its raw form it is a powder that is then set under heat and pressure. It is made up of a mix of Aluminium, Oxygen and Nitrogen in the form of a white powder, so the chemical chemical structure is Al2 O27 N5, hence it is known commercially as commercially known as ALON®.

To some extent it came to be known as transparent aluminium because this fictional material was included in the American futuristic film Star Treck IV the Voyage Home, the film and series in the past have fictionally portrayed futuristic technologies that over time have become reality.

[[File:Star Treck Transparent aluminium.jpg]]

The material was first investigated during the 1960s−1970s, with the first Al2 O3–AlN equilibrium phase diagram completed and the material processed. This produced a translucent aluminium oxynitride spinel ceramic (McCauley, 1978; McCauley and Corbin, 1979; McCauley et al., 2009; Yamaguchi and Yanagida, 1959). Over time this material has been slightly adapted to produce the Al2 O27 N5 ALON® material now manufactured.

Since then it was been widely used as a transparent ceramic in many applications, including transparent armour. ALON is used for infrared-optical windows, as it has 80% transparency at wave lengths below about 4 micrometers, dropping to near zero at about 6 micrometers. So is used is sensor parts, Infrared domes, and windows for lasers. The material is halve as heavy as glass and can be half as thick and capable of stopping armoury that traditional laminate glass cannot.

As it can b manufactured using conventional ceramic powder processing techniques it can be fabricated as windows, plates, domes, rods, tubes and other forms. Once set after heat and pressure are applied to the powder the surfaces need to be ground ground and polished to reveal its transparency.

Physical / Mechanical characteristics of Aluminum Oxynitride or ALON®

* Density (g/cc) 3.68 - 3.69
* Flexural Strength (MPa) : 350 – 640*
* Hardness (kg/mm2, Knoop, 200g) : 1,850 (9 Moh’s scale)
* Elastic/Young’s Modulus (GPa) : 320
* Fracture Toughness (MPa – m1/2) : 2.0 – 2.9
* Compressive Strength (GPa) : 2.7

Optical characteristics of Aluminum Oxynitride or ALON®

* Transmission range (>80%) : ~0.22 – 4.5 micron
* Typical Haze <3%
* Typical Clarity >95%
* Typical RI inhomogeneity : 5ppm over 11-inch dia aperture

Thermal characteristics of Aluminum Oxynitride or ALON®

* Melting Point (0C) : 2,150
* Thermal Conductivity (W/mK) : ~13
* Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (x10-6) : 7.50 (30-900oC)
* Specific Heat (cal/g-oC) : 0.22
* Max. Usable Temperature (inert atm.) 1,900oC

Electrical characteristics of Aluminum Oxynitride or ALON®

* Volume resistivity$ (ohm-cm) : >1014
* Dielectric Constant : f (GHz) - 35-45 k - 9.19 / f (GHz) - 55-60 k - 9.18 / f (GHz) - 90-110 k - 9.17
* Loss Tangent ( tan d , x10-5) : f (GHz) - 35-45 tan d - 31 / f (GHz) - 55-60 tan d - 361 / f (GHz) - 90-110 tan d - 96
* Dielectric Strength (kV/mm) : ~23

For further information and specifications visit the [https://ceramics.org/ceramic-tech-today/ceramic-video/video-transparent-aluminum-from-star-trek-to-reality America Ceramic Society] or the [http://www.surmet.com/technology/alon-optical-ceramics/ ALON product site page on Surmet.]

= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

* Aluminium
* Composites
* Metal matrix composites
* Types of materials

[[Category:Definitions]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Standards_/_measurements]] [[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]]