Thermal comfort in buildings - Revision history

Designing Buildings at 08:43, 2 March 2023

2023-03-02T08:43:24Z

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	* Age: The age of the occupants has an effect on the activity levels and heat produced and for buildings with children in them, their ages will affect the overall surface area and therefore the total heat into the occupied area.		* Age: The age of the occupants has an effect on the activity levels and heat produced and for buildings with children in them, their ages will affect the overall surface area and therefore the total heat into the occupied area.
	* Personal preference: People have personal preferences for thermal comfort – not everyone will have the same level of comfort in the same environment, even if personal factors such as activity and clothing levels are the same. Also, when occupants are able to adjust environmental factors such as temperature and air speed, they feel more satisfied with their environment that when these factors are adjusted automatically, even if the effect on actual temperature and air speed is the same. This is an important factor which is often neglected in the design and management of buildings.		* Personal preference: People have personal preferences for thermal comfort – not everyone will have the same level of comfort in the same environment, even if personal factors such as activity and clothing levels are the same. Also, when occupants are able to adjust environmental factors such as temperature and air speed, they feel more satisfied with their environment that when these factors are adjusted automatically, even if the effect on actual temperature and air speed is the same. This is an important factor which is often neglected in the design and management of buildings.
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		+	It states: 'Where it is not possible to achieve ideal thermal comfort conditions, for example where the process taking place in a space requires a very low or very high temperature, mitigation strategies can be taken such as providing personal protective equipment (PPE), scheduling breaks and providing water.'

	= Controlling thermal comfort =		= Controlling thermal comfort =

Designing Buildings at 08:38, 2 March 2023

2023-03-02T08:38:11Z

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	CIBSE define adaptive thermal comfort model being based on "the principle that an individual's thermal expectations and preferences are determined by their experience of recent (outdoor) temperatures and a range of contextual factors, such as their access to environmental controls."		CIBSE define adaptive thermal comfort model being based on "the principle that an individual's thermal expectations and preferences are determined by their experience of recent (outdoor) temperatures and a range of contextual factors, such as their access to environmental controls."
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		+	=== Other factors ===
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		+	[https://www.bsria.com/uk/product/DXzEjr/thermal_comfort_tg_222023_a15d25e1 Thermal Comfort (TG 22/2023)] published by BSRIA in 2023, lists a number of other personal factors that can affect thermal comfort:
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		+	* Furniture: The furniture in a space can affect the thermal comfort by producing air paths that can focus draughts into occupied areas. The seating can also have an effect on the heat losses from the occupants due to the added insulation afforded by the seat and back of the seating installed.
		+	* Age: The age of the occupants has an effect on the activity levels and heat produced and for buildings with children in them, their ages will affect the overall surface area and therefore the total heat into the occupied area.
		+	* Personal preference: People have personal preferences for thermal comfort – not everyone will have the same level of comfort in the same environment, even if personal factors such as activity and clothing levels are the same. Also, when occupants are able to adjust environmental factors such as temperature and air speed, they feel more satisfied with their environment that when these factors are adjusted automatically, even if the effect on actual temperature and air speed is the same. This is an important factor which is often neglected in the design and management of buildings.

	= Controlling thermal comfort =		= Controlling thermal comfort =

Editor at 12:53, 1 March 2023

2023-03-01T12:53:26Z

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	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =		= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

		+	* Adaptive thermal comfort.
	* BREEAM Thermal comfort.		* BREEAM Thermal comfort.
	* Cold stress.		* Cold stress.

Editor at 12:52, 1 March 2023

2023-03-01T12:52:51Z

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	=== Adaptability ===		=== Adaptability ===

−	Adaptability is a more general factor that might be included as a personal factor as it is related to how specific people adapt to thermal changes in order to feel more comfortable. In many ways it might also be considered as an environmental or better still contextual factor because it also considers historical factors and external factors. The concept is based on adaptive comfort theory, which suggests humans can adapt humans adapt to a wide range of thermal conditions and comfort depends on a wider range of factors, such as historical context (recent temperatures,) current outdoor conditions, as well as what might be described as environmental psychological, cultural or personal preferences which can include the level of personal control and ~~indididual~~ feels they have over their immediate environment.	+	Adaptability is a more general factor that might be included as a personal factor as it is related to how specific people adapt to thermal changes in order to feel more comfortable. In many ways it might also be considered as an environmental or better still contextual factor because it also considers historical factors and external factors. The concept is based on adaptive comfort theory, which suggests humans can adapt humans adapt to a wide range of thermal conditions and comfort depends on a wider range of factors, such as historical context (recent temperatures,) current outdoor conditions, as well as what might be described as environmental psychological, cultural or personal preferences which can include the level of personal control and individual feels they have over their immediate environment.
		+
		+	CIBSE define adaptive thermal comfort model being based on "the principle that an individual's thermal expectations and preferences are determined by their experience of recent (outdoor) temperatures and a range of contextual factors, such as their access to environmental controls."

	= Controlling thermal comfort =		= Controlling thermal comfort =

Editor at 12:28, 1 March 2023

2023-03-01T12:28:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:28, 1 March 2023
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	=== Adaptability ===		=== Adaptability ===

−	Adaptability is a more general factor that might be included as a personal factor as it is related to how specific people adapt to thermal changes in order to feel more comfortable. In many ways it might also be considered as an environmental or better still contextual factor because it also considers historical factors and external factors. The concept is based on adaptive comfort theory ~~(Adaptive Thermal Comfort: Foundations and Analysis; M.Humphreys~~, ~~F.Nicol and S.Roaf, Jan 2016 ISBN: 978-0-415-6916-1)~~ which suggests humans can adapt humans adapt to a wide range of thermal conditions and comfort depends on a wider range of factors, such as historical context (recent temperatures,) current outdoor conditions, as well as what might be described as environmental psychological, cultural or personal preferences which can include the level of personal control and indididual feels they have over their immediate environment.	+	Adaptability is a more general factor that might be included as a personal factor as it is related to how specific people adapt to thermal changes in order to feel more comfortable. In many ways it might also be considered as an environmental or better still contextual factor because it also considers historical factors and external factors. The concept is based on adaptive comfort theory, which suggests humans can adapt humans adapt to a wide range of thermal conditions and comfort depends on a wider range of factors, such as historical context (recent temperatures,) current outdoor conditions, as well as what might be described as environmental psychological, cultural or personal preferences which can include the level of personal control and indididual feels they have over their immediate environment.

	= Controlling thermal comfort =		= Controlling thermal comfort =
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	= External references =		= External references =

		+	* Adaptive Thermal Comfort: Foundations and Analysis; M.Humphreys, F.Nicol and S.Roaf. Jan 2016 ISBN: 978-0-415-6916-1.
	* BS EN ISO 9888:2001 Evaluation of thermal strain by physiological measurements		* BS EN ISO 9888:2001 Evaluation of thermal strain by physiological measurements
	* BS EN ISO 7730 Ergonomics of the thermal environment. Analytical determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of the PMV and PPD indices and local thermal comfort criteria)		* BS EN ISO 7730 Ergonomics of the thermal environment. Analytical determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of the PMV and PPD indices and local thermal comfort criteria)

Editor at 12:27, 1 March 2023

2023-03-01T12:27:07Z

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	In its simplest form, cold stimuli will be perceived as pleasant by someone who is warm, whilst warm stimuli will be experienced as pleasant by someone who is cold. Introducing a spatial component to this, it can for example be pleasurable to wrap cool hands around a warm mug. See Thermal pleasure in the built environment for more information.		In its simplest form, cold stimuli will be perceived as pleasant by someone who is warm, whilst warm stimuli will be experienced as pleasant by someone who is cold. Introducing a spatial component to this, it can for example be pleasurable to wrap cool hands around a warm mug. See Thermal pleasure in the built environment for more information.
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		+	=== Adaptability ===
		+
		+	Adaptability is a more general factor that might be included as a personal factor as it is related to how specific people adapt to thermal changes in order to feel more comfortable. In many ways it might also be considered as an environmental or better still contextual factor because it also considers historical factors and external factors. The concept is based on adaptive comfort theory (Adaptive Thermal Comfort: Foundations and Analysis; M.Humphreys, F.Nicol and S.Roaf, Jan 2016 ISBN: 978-0-415-6916-1) which suggests humans can adapt humans adapt to a wide range of thermal conditions and comfort depends on a wider range of factors, such as historical context (recent temperatures,) current outdoor conditions, as well as what might be described as environmental psychological, cultural or personal preferences which can include the level of personal control and indididual feels they have over their immediate environment.

	= Controlling thermal comfort =		= Controlling thermal comfort =

Editor at 12:11, 1 March 2023

2023-03-01T12:11:17Z

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−	[[File:~~Thermal comfort 2~~.jpg]]	+	[[File:Thermal_comfort_2.jpg\|link=File:Thermal_comfort_2.jpg]]

	= Introduction =		= Introduction =
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	Thermal comfort results from a combination of environmental factors and personal factors:		Thermal comfort results from a combination of environmental factors and personal factors:

−	[[File:~~Thermal comfort 3~~.jpg]]	+	[[File:Thermal_comfort_3.jpg\|link=File:Thermal_comfort_3.jpg]]

	== Environmental factors ==		== Environmental factors ==
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	The ratio between the actual amount of water vapour in the air and the maximum amount of water vapour that the air can hold at that air temperature, expressed as a percentage. The higher the relative humidity, the more difficult it is to lose heat through the evaporation of sweat.		The ratio between the actual amount of water vapour in the air and the maximum amount of water vapour that the air can hold at that air temperature, expressed as a percentage. The higher the relative humidity, the more difficult it is to lose heat through the evaporation of sweat.

−	== [[File:~~Thermal comfort 1~~.jpg]] ==	+	[[File:Thermal_comfort_1.jpg\|link=File:Thermal_comfort_1.jpg]]

	== Personal factors ==		== Personal factors ==

Editor at 22:43, 30 November 2022

2022-11-30T22:43:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:43, 30 November 2022
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		+	[[File:Thermal comfort 2.jpg]]
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	= Introduction =		= Introduction =

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	The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) suggest that an environment can be said to achieve 'reasonable comfort' when at least 80% of its occupants are thermally comfortable. This means that thermal comfort can be assessed by surveying occupants to find out whether they are dissatisfied with their thermal environment.		The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) suggest that an environment can be said to achieve 'reasonable comfort' when at least 80% of its occupants are thermally comfortable. This means that thermal comfort can be assessed by surveying occupants to find out whether they are dissatisfied with their thermal environment.
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−	~~[[File:Thermal_comfort.jpg\|220px\|link=File:Thermal_comfort.jpg]]~~

	= Factors influencing thermal comfort =		= Factors influencing thermal comfort =

	Thermal comfort results from a combination of environmental factors and personal factors:		Thermal comfort results from a combination of environmental factors and personal factors:
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		+	[[File:Thermal comfort 3.jpg]]

	== Environmental factors ==		== Environmental factors ==
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	The ratio between the actual amount of water vapour in the air and the maximum amount of water vapour that the air can hold at that air temperature, expressed as a percentage. The higher the relative humidity, the more difficult it is to lose heat through the evaporation of sweat.		The ratio between the actual amount of water vapour in the air and the maximum amount of water vapour that the air can hold at that air temperature, expressed as a percentage. The higher the relative humidity, the more difficult it is to lose heat through the evaporation of sweat.
		+
		+	== [[File:Thermal comfort 1.jpg]] ==

	== Personal factors ==		== Personal factors ==

Designing Buildings at 08:22, 7 October 2022

2022-10-07T08:22:35Z

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	However, the complexity of thermal comfort means that there is no meaningful maximum guideline temperature, particularly at higher temperatures.		However, the complexity of thermal comfort means that there is no meaningful maximum guideline temperature, particularly at higher temperatures.
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−	~~{{:Velux_cta_setup\|DBWCTA0011}}~~

	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =		= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

Designing Buildings at 09:14, 30 September 2022

2022-09-30T09:14:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:14, 30 September 2022
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	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =		= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

−	* Boiler markets and the green recovery.
−	* Building engineering physics.
	* BREEAM Thermal comfort.		* BREEAM Thermal comfort.
−	* BREEAM Visual comfort View out.
	* Cold stress.		* Cold stress.
	* Comfort in low energy buildings.		* Comfort in low energy buildings.
−	* Domestic boiler market 2019.
−	* ECA backs Government plans for low-carbon heat.
−	* Environment.
	* Evolving opportunities for providing thermal comfort.		* Evolving opportunities for providing thermal comfort.
	* Healthy excursions outside the thermal comfort zone.		* Healthy excursions outside the thermal comfort zone.
−	* Heat metering.
	* Heat stress.		* Heat stress.
	* Heating.		* Heating.
	* Heating degree days.		* Heating degree days.
−	* Home Quality Mark high temperature reporting tool.
−	* How to keep workers safe around machinery.
	* Indoor air velocity.		* Indoor air velocity.
−	* Industrial gas boilers market 2020.
	* ‎Maximum and minimum workplace temperatures.		* ‎Maximum and minimum workplace temperatures.
	* Excess cold.		* Excess cold.
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	* Preventing overheating.		* Preventing overheating.
	* Psychometric charts.		* Psychometric charts.
−	* Radiant heating.
	* Retrofit and traditional approaches to comfort.		* Retrofit and traditional approaches to comfort.
	* Sling psychrometer.		* Sling psychrometer.
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	* Thermal pleasure in the built environment.		* Thermal pleasure in the built environment.
	* Thermal indices.		* Thermal indices.
−	* Underfloor air conditioning at London Grade II listed landmark.
−	* [[UV_disinfection_of_building_air_to_remove_harmful_bacteria_and_viruses\|UV disinfection of building air to remove harmful bacteria and viruses]].
−	* When hospital buildings aren’t healthy.

	= External references =		= External references =