Stratford Town Centre Link - Revision history

Designing Buildings at 07:08, 18 November 2020

2020-11-18T07:08:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:08, 18 November 2020
Line 48:		Line 48:

	The bridge sections were prefabricated off site and delivered in transportable sections for assembly by welding adjacent to the bridge’s final position. Custom-designed temporary works were required to maintain the geometric relationship between adjacent units.<br />		The bridge sections were prefabricated off site and delivered in transportable sections for assembly by welding adjacent to the bridge’s final position. Custom-designed temporary works were required to maintain the geometric relationship between adjacent units.<br />
−	~~<br />~~	+
−	A launching nose and tail frame were installed and the first 48m section of the bridge was slid into position using strand jacks to pull the rear of the assembly forward and low-friction skates to support the bottom chords of the trusses. This process was then repeated for the second and third sections of the bridge. The individual launch stages were separated by several weeks to allow for intermediate assembly.	+
		+	A launching nose and tail frame were installed and the first 48m section of the bridge was slid into position using strand jacks to pull the rear of the assembly forward and low-friction skates to support the bottom chords of the trusses. This process was then repeated for the second and third sections of the bridge. The individual launch stages were separated by several weeks to allow for intermediate assembly.

	[[File:Stratford_Town_Centre_Link_third_launch.png\|link=File:Stratford_Town_Centre_Link_third_launch.png]]		[[File:Stratford_Town_Centre_Link_third_launch.png\|link=File:Stratford_Town_Centre_Link_third_launch.png]]
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	-----		-----
−	[[Category:~~Projects_and_case_studies~~]] [[Category:DCN_Project_Knowledge]]	+	[[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:DCN_Project_Knowledge]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]]

83.12.106.41 at 20:37, 13 May 2016

2016-05-13T20:37:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:37, 13 May 2016
Line 1:		Line 1:
−
	= Description =		= Description =

	The Stratford Town Centre Link is a landmark structure forming the gateway to the Stratford City development in East London. Conceived as an “urban piazza”, its location makes it an important link for the local community as well as a significant route into the Olympic Park for the 2012 Games. It was completed on 12th September 2011.		The Stratford Town Centre Link is a landmark structure forming the gateway to the Stratford City development in East London. Conceived as an “urban piazza”, its location makes it an important link for the local community as well as a significant route into the Olympic Park for the 2012 Games. It was completed on 12th September 2011.

−	[[File:~~Stratford Town Centre Link~~.png\|~~715x513px\|alt~~=~~Stratford Town Centre Link~~.png]]	+	[[File:Stratford_Town_Centre_Link.png\|link=File:Stratford_Town_Centre_Link.png]]

	The bridge crosses eleven railway lines including Network Rail and London Underground assets as well as the platforms of Stratford Regional Station and a highway. Its high-profile location demanded utmost attention to safety, quality and inventiveness in delivery.		The bridge crosses eleven railway lines including Network Rail and London Underground assets as well as the platforms of Stratford Regional Station and a highway. Its high-profile location demanded utmost attention to safety, quality and inventiveness in delivery.

	The project is notable for a number of reasons:		The project is notable for a number of reasons:
−	*A striking and unique design combining the use of low-maintenance, weathering steel and glazing.	+
−	*Exceptional standards of construction.	+	* A striking and unique design combining the use of low-maintenance, weathering steel and glazing.
−	*The ingenious method of installation which culminated in the first known live bridge launch over an operational station in the UK.	+	* Exceptional standards of construction.
		+	* The ingenious method of installation which culminated in the first known live bridge launch over an operational station in the UK.

	= Design Concept =		= Design Concept =
Line 21:		Line 21:
	The bridge is subtlety curved in plan. The trusses vary gradually in height from 4.5m at the ends to 6.5m at the centre pier and the outermost truss develops a deliberate lean of up to 15 degrees. These geometric devices achieve an even greater sense of space and transparency. The constantly changing geometry combines with the plan curve to give the crossing a dynamism and drama that is reinforced by the cladding system.		The bridge is subtlety curved in plan. The trusses vary gradually in height from 4.5m at the ends to 6.5m at the centre pier and the outermost truss develops a deliberate lean of up to 15 degrees. These geometric devices achieve an even greater sense of space and transparency. The constantly changing geometry combines with the plan curve to give the crossing a dynamism and drama that is reinforced by the cladding system.

−	[[File:~~Stratford Town Centre Link variation of truss~~.png\|~~1218x865px\|alt~~=~~Stratford Town Centre Link variation of truss~~.png]]	+	[[File:Stratford_Town_Centre_Link_variation_of_truss.png\|link=File:Stratford_Town_Centre_Link_variation_of_truss.png]]

	The lean of the outer truss has structural as well as aesthetic benefits as the top boom of the truss, which is in tension over much of its length, becomes straighter and therefore more efficient. The outer profile of the vertical and horizontal members is shaped to create sharp edges and chamfered planes which are defined by light and shadow to accentuate the form and reduce the visual mass in elevation.		The lean of the outer truss has structural as well as aesthetic benefits as the top boom of the truss, which is in tension over much of its length, becomes straighter and therefore more efficient. The outer profile of the vertical and horizontal members is shaped to create sharp edges and chamfered planes which are defined by light and shadow to accentuate the form and reduce the visual mass in elevation.
Line 39:		Line 39:
	Care was taken in the bridge detailing in order to produce a design whose aesthetic qualities are intrinsic to the structure. The use of weathering steel offers great potential benefits in terms of durability, however it requires skilful detailing. The design team conducted its own tests on the weathering process and visited precedents. Best practice in relation to the use of this material was researched prior to detailed design and as a result the truss chords were developed with in-built drip details and chamfer plates to prevent pigeon roosting.		Care was taken in the bridge detailing in order to produce a design whose aesthetic qualities are intrinsic to the structure. The use of weathering steel offers great potential benefits in terms of durability, however it requires skilful detailing. The design team conducted its own tests on the weathering process and visited precedents. Best practice in relation to the use of this material was researched prior to detailed design and as a result the truss chords were developed with in-built drip details and chamfer plates to prevent pigeon roosting.

−	[[File:~~Stratford Town Centre Link waethering of steel~~.png\|~~640x108px\|alt~~=~~Stratford Town Centre Link waethering of steel~~.png]]	+	[[File:Stratford_Town_Centre_Link_waethering_of_steel.png\|link=File:Stratford_Town_Centre_Link_waethering_of_steel.png]]

	It was recognised that a high standard of workmanship and dimensional control was essential to the successful delivery of the project. For this reason, intensive workshops were held within the design and construction team to carefully plan the execution of the fabrication and erection of the bridge and its finishes. For example, it was vital that the launch surface of the underside of the trusses was perfectly flat to ensure a smooth installation. In the event, remarkable standards were achieved which are a tribute to the expertise and ingenuity of the individuals involved.		It was recognised that a high standard of workmanship and dimensional control was essential to the successful delivery of the project. For this reason, intensive workshops were held within the design and construction team to carefully plan the execution of the fabrication and erection of the bridge and its finishes. For example, it was vital that the launch surface of the underside of the trusses was perfectly flat to ensure a smooth installation. In the event, remarkable standards were achieved which are a tribute to the expertise and ingenuity of the individuals involved.
Line 47:		Line 47:
	Adherence to programme for the bridge construction was critical to the adjacent retail development due to need to occupy part of the site for assembly. The design of the bridge was also significantly affected by the chosen method of installation and the engineer was therefore novated to the contractor for the detailed design.		Adherence to programme for the bridge construction was critical to the adjacent retail development due to need to occupy part of the site for assembly. The design of the bridge was also significantly affected by the chosen method of installation and the engineer was therefore novated to the contractor for the detailed design.

−	The bridge sections were prefabricated off site and delivered in transportable sections for assembly by welding adjacent to the bridge’s final position. Custom-designed temporary works were required to maintain the geometric relationship between adjacent units.<br/><br/>A launching nose and tail frame were installed and the first 48m section of the bridge was slid into position using strand jacks to pull the rear of the assembly forward and low-friction skates to support the bottom chords of the trusses. This process was then repeated for the second and third sections of the bridge. The individual launch stages were separated by several weeks to allow for intermediate assembly.	+	The bridge sections were prefabricated off site and delivered in transportable sections for assembly by welding adjacent to the bridge’s final position. Custom-designed temporary works were required to maintain the geometric relationship between adjacent units.<br />
		+	<br />
		+	A launching nose and tail frame were installed and the first 48m section of the bridge was slid into position using strand jacks to pull the rear of the assembly forward and low-friction skates to support the bottom chords of the trusses. This process was then repeated for the second and third sections of the bridge. The individual launch stages were separated by several weeks to allow for intermediate assembly.

−	[[File:~~Stratford Town Centre Link third launch~~.png\|~~1266x843px\|alt~~=~~Stratford Town Centre Link third launch~~.png]]	+	[[File:Stratford_Town_Centre_Link_third_launch.png\|link=File:Stratford_Town_Centre_Link_third_launch.png]]

	By the third bridge launch, the railway authorities had developed sufficient confidence in the project team’s competency and the careful planning of the operation to permit work to be carried out without a railway possession or station closure, thus avoiding disruption and inconvenience to passengers. This is understood to be a first.		By the third bridge launch, the railway authorities had developed sufficient confidence in the project team’s competency and the careful planning of the operation to permit work to be carried out without a railway possession or station closure, thus avoiding disruption and inconvenience to passengers. This is understood to be a first.
Line 59:		Line 61:
	Permanent formwork soffit panels and temporary side screens were deployed to provide a secure working environment. Showing considerable foresight, the client commissioned a computer animation to clearly communicate the complex sequencing to the approval authorities and operatives.		Permanent formwork soffit panels and temporary side screens were deployed to provide a secure working environment. Showing considerable foresight, the client commissioned a computer animation to clearly communicate the complex sequencing to the approval authorities and operatives.

−	[[File:~~Stratford Town Centre Link computer animation~~.png\|~~990x591px\|alt~~=~~Stratford Town Centre Link computer animation~~.png]]	+	[[File:Stratford_Town_Centre_Link_computer_animation.png\|link=File:Stratford_Town_Centre_Link_computer_animation.png]]

	Safety of the bridge in service has also been an important issue:		Safety of the bridge in service has also been an important issue:
−	*Maintenance risks have been significantly reduced by employing weathering steel for the main structure, which requires minimal long-term maintenance.	+
−	*The high sides of the structure protect the railway from falling or thrown objects.	+	* Maintenance risks have been significantly reduced by employing weathering steel for the main structure, which requires minimal long-term maintenance.
−	*Special glazing tests, involving dropping a steel sphere from a height of 15m, were undertaken to prove the integrity of the laminated glass to the approval authorities.	+	* The high sides of the structure protect the railway from falling or thrown objects.
−	*The bridge lighting, which is simple yet striking, is effective in providing a well lit and non-threatening environment for users at night.	+	* Special glazing tests, involving dropping a steel sphere from a height of 15m, were undertaken to prove the integrity of the laminated glass to the approval authorities.
		+	* The bridge lighting, which is simple yet striking, is effective in providing a well lit and non-threatening environment for users at night.

	= Sustainability =		= Sustainability =
Line 76:		Line 79:

	= Project team =		= Project team =
−	*Client: Westfield Shoppingtowns Ltd
−	*Bridge Engineer: Buro Happold Ltd
−	*Architect: Knight Architects
−	*Main Contractor: Morgan Est PLC
−	*Steel Fabricator: Watson Steel
−	*Specialist Launch Contractor: ALE
−	*Glazing Subcontractor: AGF
−
−	~~----~~

−	~~This article was created by --[[User%3ABuro%20Happold\|~~Buro Happold~~]].~~	+	* Client: Westfield Shoppingtowns Ltd
		+	* Bridge Engineer: Buro Happold Ltd
		+	* Architect: Knight Architects
		+	* Main Contractor: Morgan Est PLC
		+	* Steel Fabricator: Watson Steel
		+	* Specialist Launch Contractor: ALE
		+	* Glazing Subcontractor: AGF

−	----	+	-----
		+	This article was created by --[[User:Buro_Happold\|Buro Happold]].

−	[[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]]	+	-----
		+	[[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:DCN_Project_Knowledge]]

Designing Buildings at 06:37, 28 May 2014

2014-05-28T06:37:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:37, 28 May 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	~~<div>~~	+
	= Description =		= Description =

	The Stratford Town Centre Link is a landmark structure forming the gateway to the Stratford City development in East London. Conceived as an “urban piazza”, its location makes it an important link for the local community as well as a significant route into the Olympic Park for the 2012 Games. It was completed on 12th September 2011.		The Stratford Town Centre Link is a landmark structure forming the gateway to the Stratford City development in East London. Conceived as an “urban piazza”, its location makes it an important link for the local community as well as a significant route into the Olympic Park for the 2012 Games. It was completed on 12th September 2011.

−	[[File:Stratford Town Centre Link.png\|715x513px]]	+	[[File:Stratford Town Centre Link.png\|715x513px\|alt=Stratford Town Centre Link.png]]
−	~~</div>~~	+
	The bridge crosses eleven railway lines including Network Rail and London Underground assets as well as the platforms of Stratford Regional Station and a highway. Its high-profile location demanded utmost attention to safety, quality and inventiveness in delivery.		The bridge crosses eleven railway lines including Network Rail and London Underground assets as well as the platforms of Stratford Regional Station and a highway. Its high-profile location demanded utmost attention to safety, quality and inventiveness in delivery.

Line 21:		Line 21:
	The bridge is subtlety curved in plan. The trusses vary gradually in height from 4.5m at the ends to 6.5m at the centre pier and the outermost truss develops a deliberate lean of up to 15 degrees. These geometric devices achieve an even greater sense of space and transparency. The constantly changing geometry combines with the plan curve to give the crossing a dynamism and drama that is reinforced by the cladding system.		The bridge is subtlety curved in plan. The trusses vary gradually in height from 4.5m at the ends to 6.5m at the centre pier and the outermost truss develops a deliberate lean of up to 15 degrees. These geometric devices achieve an even greater sense of space and transparency. The constantly changing geometry combines with the plan curve to give the crossing a dynamism and drama that is reinforced by the cladding system.

−	[[File:Stratford Town Centre Link variation of truss.png\|1218x865px]]	+	[[File:Stratford Town Centre Link variation of truss.png\|1218x865px\|alt=Stratford Town Centre Link variation of truss.png]]

	The lean of the outer truss has structural as well as aesthetic benefits as the top boom of the truss, which is in tension over much of its length, becomes straighter and therefore more efficient. The outer profile of the vertical and horizontal members is shaped to create sharp edges and chamfered planes which are defined by light and shadow to accentuate the form and reduce the visual mass in elevation.		The lean of the outer truss has structural as well as aesthetic benefits as the top boom of the truss, which is in tension over much of its length, becomes straighter and therefore more efficient. The outer profile of the vertical and horizontal members is shaped to create sharp edges and chamfered planes which are defined by light and shadow to accentuate the form and reduce the visual mass in elevation.
Line 39:		Line 39:
	Care was taken in the bridge detailing in order to produce a design whose aesthetic qualities are intrinsic to the structure. The use of weathering steel offers great potential benefits in terms of durability, however it requires skilful detailing. The design team conducted its own tests on the weathering process and visited precedents. Best practice in relation to the use of this material was researched prior to detailed design and as a result the truss chords were developed with in-built drip details and chamfer plates to prevent pigeon roosting.		Care was taken in the bridge detailing in order to produce a design whose aesthetic qualities are intrinsic to the structure. The use of weathering steel offers great potential benefits in terms of durability, however it requires skilful detailing. The design team conducted its own tests on the weathering process and visited precedents. Best practice in relation to the use of this material was researched prior to detailed design and as a result the truss chords were developed with in-built drip details and chamfer plates to prevent pigeon roosting.

−	[[File:Stratford Town Centre Link waethering of steel.png\|640x108px]]	+	[[File:Stratford Town Centre Link waethering of steel.png\|640x108px\|alt=Stratford Town Centre Link waethering of steel.png]]

	It was recognised that a high standard of workmanship and dimensional control was essential to the successful delivery of the project. For this reason, intensive workshops were held within the design and construction team to carefully plan the execution of the fabrication and erection of the bridge and its finishes. For example, it was vital that the launch surface of the underside of the trusses was perfectly flat to ensure a smooth installation. In the event, remarkable standards were achieved which are a tribute to the expertise and ingenuity of the individuals involved.		It was recognised that a high standard of workmanship and dimensional control was essential to the successful delivery of the project. For this reason, intensive workshops were held within the design and construction team to carefully plan the execution of the fabrication and erection of the bridge and its finishes. For example, it was vital that the launch surface of the underside of the trusses was perfectly flat to ensure a smooth installation. In the event, remarkable standards were achieved which are a tribute to the expertise and ingenuity of the individuals involved.
Line 49:		Line 49:
	The bridge sections were prefabricated off site and delivered in transportable sections for assembly by welding adjacent to the bridge’s final position. Custom-designed temporary works were required to maintain the geometric relationship between adjacent units.<br/><br/>A launching nose and tail frame were installed and the first 48m section of the bridge was slid into position using strand jacks to pull the rear of the assembly forward and low-friction skates to support the bottom chords of the trusses. This process was then repeated for the second and third sections of the bridge. The individual launch stages were separated by several weeks to allow for intermediate assembly.		The bridge sections were prefabricated off site and delivered in transportable sections for assembly by welding adjacent to the bridge’s final position. Custom-designed temporary works were required to maintain the geometric relationship between adjacent units.<br/><br/>A launching nose and tail frame were installed and the first 48m section of the bridge was slid into position using strand jacks to pull the rear of the assembly forward and low-friction skates to support the bottom chords of the trusses. This process was then repeated for the second and third sections of the bridge. The individual launch stages were separated by several weeks to allow for intermediate assembly.

−	[[File:Stratford Town Centre Link third launch.png\|1266x843px]]	+	[[File:Stratford Town Centre Link third launch.png\|1266x843px\|alt=Stratford Town Centre Link third launch.png]]

	By the third bridge launch, the railway authorities had developed sufficient confidence in the project team’s competency and the careful planning of the operation to permit work to be carried out without a railway possession or station closure, thus avoiding disruption and inconvenience to passengers. This is understood to be a first.		By the third bridge launch, the railway authorities had developed sufficient confidence in the project team’s competency and the careful planning of the operation to permit work to be carried out without a railway possession or station closure, thus avoiding disruption and inconvenience to passengers. This is understood to be a first.
Line 59:		Line 59:
	Permanent formwork soffit panels and temporary side screens were deployed to provide a secure working environment. Showing considerable foresight, the client commissioned a computer animation to clearly communicate the complex sequencing to the approval authorities and operatives.		Permanent formwork soffit panels and temporary side screens were deployed to provide a secure working environment. Showing considerable foresight, the client commissioned a computer animation to clearly communicate the complex sequencing to the approval authorities and operatives.

−	[[File:Stratford Town Centre Link computer animation.png\|990x591px]]	+	[[File:Stratford Town Centre Link computer animation.png\|990x591px\|alt=Stratford Town Centre Link computer animation.png]]

	Safety of the bridge in service has also been an important issue:		Safety of the bridge in service has also been an important issue:
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	----		----

−	~~[[File:Buro-happold-logo.jpg\|141x180px\|link=User:Buro_Happold]]~~	+	This article was created by --[[User%3ABuro%20Happold\|Buro Happold]].
−		+
−	This article was created by [[User~~:Buro_Happold~~\|Buro Happold]].	+

	----		----

	[[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]]		[[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]]

Designing Buildings at 07:22, 2 August 2013

2013-08-02T07:22:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:22, 2 August 2013
Line 3:		Line 3:

	The Stratford Town Centre Link is a landmark structure forming the gateway to the Stratford City development in East London. Conceived as an “urban piazza”, its location makes it an important link for the local community as well as a significant route into the Olympic Park for the 2012 Games. It was completed on 12th September 2011.		The Stratford Town Centre Link is a landmark structure forming the gateway to the Stratford City development in East London. Conceived as an “urban piazza”, its location makes it an important link for the local community as well as a significant route into the Olympic Park for the 2012 Games. It was completed on 12th September 2011.
		+
		+	[[File:Stratford Town Centre Link.png\|715x513px]]
	</div>		</div>
	The bridge crosses eleven railway lines including Network Rail and London Underground assets as well as the platforms of Stratford Regional Station and a highway. Its high-profile location demanded utmost attention to safety, quality and inventiveness in delivery.		The bridge crosses eleven railway lines including Network Rail and London Underground assets as well as the platforms of Stratford Regional Station and a highway. Its high-profile location demanded utmost attention to safety, quality and inventiveness in delivery.
Line 18:		Line 20:

	The bridge is subtlety curved in plan. The trusses vary gradually in height from 4.5m at the ends to 6.5m at the centre pier and the outermost truss develops a deliberate lean of up to 15 degrees. These geometric devices achieve an even greater sense of space and transparency. The constantly changing geometry combines with the plan curve to give the crossing a dynamism and drama that is reinforced by the cladding system.		The bridge is subtlety curved in plan. The trusses vary gradually in height from 4.5m at the ends to 6.5m at the centre pier and the outermost truss develops a deliberate lean of up to 15 degrees. These geometric devices achieve an even greater sense of space and transparency. The constantly changing geometry combines with the plan curve to give the crossing a dynamism and drama that is reinforced by the cladding system.
		+
		+	[[File:Stratford Town Centre Link variation of truss.png\|1218x865px]]

	The lean of the outer truss has structural as well as aesthetic benefits as the top boom of the truss, which is in tension over much of its length, becomes straighter and therefore more efficient. The outer profile of the vertical and horizontal members is shaped to create sharp edges and chamfered planes which are defined by light and shadow to accentuate the form and reduce the visual mass in elevation.		The lean of the outer truss has structural as well as aesthetic benefits as the top boom of the truss, which is in tension over much of its length, becomes straighter and therefore more efficient. The outer profile of the vertical and horizontal members is shaped to create sharp edges and chamfered planes which are defined by light and shadow to accentuate the form and reduce the visual mass in elevation.
Line 34:		Line 38:

	Care was taken in the bridge detailing in order to produce a design whose aesthetic qualities are intrinsic to the structure. The use of weathering steel offers great potential benefits in terms of durability, however it requires skilful detailing. The design team conducted its own tests on the weathering process and visited precedents. Best practice in relation to the use of this material was researched prior to detailed design and as a result the truss chords were developed with in-built drip details and chamfer plates to prevent pigeon roosting.		Care was taken in the bridge detailing in order to produce a design whose aesthetic qualities are intrinsic to the structure. The use of weathering steel offers great potential benefits in terms of durability, however it requires skilful detailing. The design team conducted its own tests on the weathering process and visited precedents. Best practice in relation to the use of this material was researched prior to detailed design and as a result the truss chords were developed with in-built drip details and chamfer plates to prevent pigeon roosting.
		+
		+	[[File:Stratford Town Centre Link waethering of steel.png\|640x108px]]

	It was recognised that a high standard of workmanship and dimensional control was essential to the successful delivery of the project. For this reason, intensive workshops were held within the design and construction team to carefully plan the execution of the fabrication and erection of the bridge and its finishes. For example, it was vital that the launch surface of the underside of the trusses was perfectly flat to ensure a smooth installation. In the event, remarkable standards were achieved which are a tribute to the expertise and ingenuity of the individuals involved.		It was recognised that a high standard of workmanship and dimensional control was essential to the successful delivery of the project. For this reason, intensive workshops were held within the design and construction team to carefully plan the execution of the fabrication and erection of the bridge and its finishes. For example, it was vital that the launch surface of the underside of the trusses was perfectly flat to ensure a smooth installation. In the event, remarkable standards were achieved which are a tribute to the expertise and ingenuity of the individuals involved.
Line 42:		Line 48:

	The bridge sections were prefabricated off site and delivered in transportable sections for assembly by welding adjacent to the bridge’s final position. Custom-designed temporary works were required to maintain the geometric relationship between adjacent units.<br/><br/>A launching nose and tail frame were installed and the first 48m section of the bridge was slid into position using strand jacks to pull the rear of the assembly forward and low-friction skates to support the bottom chords of the trusses. This process was then repeated for the second and third sections of the bridge. The individual launch stages were separated by several weeks to allow for intermediate assembly.		The bridge sections were prefabricated off site and delivered in transportable sections for assembly by welding adjacent to the bridge’s final position. Custom-designed temporary works were required to maintain the geometric relationship between adjacent units.<br/><br/>A launching nose and tail frame were installed and the first 48m section of the bridge was slid into position using strand jacks to pull the rear of the assembly forward and low-friction skates to support the bottom chords of the trusses. This process was then repeated for the second and third sections of the bridge. The individual launch stages were separated by several weeks to allow for intermediate assembly.
		+
		+	[[File:Stratford Town Centre Link third launch.png\|1266x843px]]

	By the third bridge launch, the railway authorities had developed sufficient confidence in the project team’s competency and the careful planning of the operation to permit work to be carried out without a railway possession or station closure, thus avoiding disruption and inconvenience to passengers. This is understood to be a first.		By the third bridge launch, the railway authorities had developed sufficient confidence in the project team’s competency and the careful planning of the operation to permit work to be carried out without a railway possession or station closure, thus avoiding disruption and inconvenience to passengers. This is understood to be a first.
Line 50:		Line 58:

	Permanent formwork soffit panels and temporary side screens were deployed to provide a secure working environment. Showing considerable foresight, the client commissioned a computer animation to clearly communicate the complex sequencing to the approval authorities and operatives.		Permanent formwork soffit panels and temporary side screens were deployed to provide a secure working environment. Showing considerable foresight, the client commissioned a computer animation to clearly communicate the complex sequencing to the approval authorities and operatives.
		+
		+	[[File:Stratford Town Centre Link computer animation.png\|990x591px]]

	Safety of the bridge in service has also been an important issue:		Safety of the bridge in service has also been an important issue:
−	*Maintenance risks have been significantly reduced by employing weathering steel for the main structure, which requires minimal long-term maintenance.	+	*Maintenance risks have been significantly reduced by employing weathering steel for the main structure, which requires minimal long-term maintenance.
−	*The high sides of the structure protect the railway from falling or thrown objects.	+	*The high sides of the structure protect the railway from falling or thrown objects.
−	*Special glazing tests, involving dropping a steel sphere from a height of 15m, were undertaken to prove the integrity of the laminated glass to the approval authorities.	+	*Special glazing tests, involving dropping a steel sphere from a height of 15m, were undertaken to prove the integrity of the laminated glass to the approval authorities.
	*The bridge lighting, which is simple yet striking, is effective in providing a well lit and non-threatening environment for users at night.		*The bridge lighting, which is simple yet striking, is effective in providing a well lit and non-threatening environment for users at night.

Line 73:		Line 83:
	*Specialist Launch Contractor: ALE		*Specialist Launch Contractor: ALE
	*Glazing Subcontractor: AGF		*Glazing Subcontractor: AGF
		+
		+	----
		+
		+	[[File:Buro-happold-logo.jpg\|141x180px\|link=User:Buro_Happold]]
		+
		+	This article was created by [[User:Buro_Happold\|Buro Happold]].
		+
		+	----

	[[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]]		[[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]]

Designing Buildings at 07:09, 2 August 2013

2013-08-02T07:09:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:09, 2 August 2013
Line 39:		Line 39:
	= Construction =		= Construction =

−	Adherence to programme for the bridge construction was critical to the adjacent retail development due to need to occupy part of the site for assembly. The design of the bridge was also significantly affected by the chosen method of installation and the engineer was therefore novated to the ~~contract~~ for the detailed design.	+	Adherence to programme for the bridge construction was critical to the adjacent retail development due to need to occupy part of the site for assembly. The design of the bridge was also significantly affected by the chosen method of installation and the engineer was therefore novated to the contractor for the detailed design.

−	The bridge sections were prefabricated off site and delivered in transportable sections for assembly by welding adjacent to the bridge’s final position. Custom-designed temporary works were required to maintain the geometric relationship between adjacent units.<br/><br/>A launching nose and tail frame were installed and the first 48m section of the bridge was slid into position using strand jacks to pull the rear of the assembly forward and low friction skates to support the bottom chords of the trusses. This process was then repeated for the second and third sections of the bridge ~~– the~~ individual launch stages ~~being~~ separated by several weeks to allow for ~~the~~ intermediate assembly	+	The bridge sections were prefabricated off site and delivered in transportable sections for assembly by welding adjacent to the bridge’s final position. Custom-designed temporary works were required to maintain the geometric relationship between adjacent units.<br/><br/>A launching nose and tail frame were installed and the first 48m section of the bridge was slid into position using strand jacks to pull the rear of the assembly forward and low-friction skates to support the bottom chords of the trusses. This process was then repeated for the second and third sections of the bridge. The individual launch stages were separated by several weeks to allow for intermediate assembly.

−	By the third bridge launch, the railway authorities had developed sufficient confidence in the project team’s competency and the careful planning of the operation to permit work to be carried out without a railway possession or station closure, thus avoiding disruption and inconvenience to passengers ~~– this~~ is understood to be a first.	+	By the third bridge launch, the railway authorities had developed sufficient confidence in the project team’s competency and the careful planning of the operation to permit work to be carried out without a railway possession or station closure, thus avoiding disruption and inconvenience to passengers. This is understood to be a first.

	= Safety =		= Safety =
Line 49:		Line 49:
	The bridge’s location above a busy railway and station meant that health and safety considerations were paramount. Its design was profoundly influenced by the need to ensure the safety and practicality of the method of construction.		The bridge’s location above a busy railway and station meant that health and safety considerations were paramount. Its design was profoundly influenced by the need to ensure the safety and practicality of the method of construction.

−	~~A three stage incremental launch process was necessary due to the limited working area available for assembly adjacent to the bridge site.~~ Permanent formwork soffit panels and temporary side screens were deployed to provide a secure working environment. Showing considerable foresight, the ~~Client~~ commissioned a computer animation to clearly communicate the complex sequencing to the approval authorities and operatives.	+	Permanent formwork soffit panels and temporary side screens were deployed to provide a secure working environment. Showing considerable foresight, the client commissioned a computer animation to clearly communicate the complex sequencing to the approval authorities and operatives.

−	Safety of the bridge in service has also been an important issue. Maintenance risks have been significantly reduced by employing weathering steel for the main structure, which ~~therefore~~ requires minimal long term maintenance. The high sides to the structure protect the railway from falling or thrown objects. Special glazing tests, involving ~~the~~ dropping of a steel sphere from a height of 15m, were ~~carried out~~ to prove the integrity of the laminated glass to the approval authorities. The bridge lighting, which is simple yet striking, is effective in providing a well lit and non-threatening environment for users at night.	+	Safety of the bridge in service has also been an important issue:
		+	*Maintenance risks have been significantly reduced by employing weathering steel for the main structure, which requires minimal long-term maintenance.
		+	*The high sides of the structure protect the railway from falling or thrown objects.
		+	*Special glazing tests, involving dropping a steel sphere from a height of 15m, were undertaken to prove the integrity of the laminated glass to the approval authorities.
		+	*The bridge lighting, which is simple yet striking, is effective in providing a well lit and non-threatening environment for users at night.

	= Sustainability =		= Sustainability =

−	The bridge materials were selected ~~in order~~ to maximise durability and minimise maintenance ~~of the bridge~~, which is an important consideration given its location above a busy railway. Consequently life cycle costs ~~are~~ minimised. The bridge design was also driven by the desire to minimise construction time and impact. The bridge brings significant local benefits in terms of connectivity.	+	The bridge materials were selected to maximise durability and minimise maintenance, which is an important consideration given its location above a busy railway. Consequently life-cycle costs have been minimised. The bridge design was also driven by the desire to minimise construction time and impact. The bridge brings significant local benefits in terms of connectivity.

	= Performance against prediction =		= Performance against prediction =

−	The project has required close ~~cooperation~~ between the client, designers, main contractor and steel fabricator to deliver a complex structure within a tight timescale. It is a tribute to the team members that the project was completed on time and within budget.	+	The project has required close co-operation between the client, designers, main contractor and steel fabricator to deliver a complex structure within a tight timescale. It is a tribute to the team members that the project was completed on time and within budget.

	= Project team =		= Project team =

Designing Buildings at 07:01, 2 August 2013

2013-08-02T07:01:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:01, 2 August 2013
Line 1:		Line 1:
	<div>		<div>
	= Description =		= Description =
−	~~<br/>~~

		+	The Stratford Town Centre Link is a landmark structure forming the gateway to the Stratford City development in East London. Conceived as an “urban piazza”, its location makes it an important link for the local community as well as a significant route into the Olympic Park for the 2012 Games. It was completed on 12th September 2011.
	</div>		</div>
−	~~<br/>~~	+	The bridge crosses eleven railway lines including Network Rail and London Underground assets as well as the platforms of Stratford Regional Station and a highway. Its high-profile location demanded utmost attention to safety, quality and inventiveness in delivery.

−	The Stratford Town Centre Link is a landmark structure forming the gateway to the Stratford City development in East London. Conceived as an “urban piazza”, its location makes it an important link for the local community as well as a significant route into the Olympic Park for the 2012 Games. It was completed on 12th September 2011.	+	The project is notable for a number of reasons:
−		+	*A striking and unique design combining the use of low-maintenance, weathering steel and glazing.
−	The bridge crosses eleven railway lines including Network Rail and London Underground assets as well as the platforms of Stratford Regional Station and a highway. Its high profile location demanded utmost attention to safety, quality and inventiveness in delivery.	+	*Exceptional standards of construction.
−		+
−	~~This~~ project is notable for a number of reasons:	+
−		+
−	*A striking and unique design combining the use of low-maintenance weathering steel and glazing;	+
−	*Exceptional standards of construction~~, and~~	+
	*The ingenious method of installation which culminated in the first known live bridge launch over an operational station in the UK.		*The ingenious method of installation which culminated in the first known live bridge launch over an operational station in the UK.

	= Design Concept =		= Design Concept =

−	The development of the bridge concept was a close collaboration between the client, architect and engineer. The engineering constraints included geometric clearances, limited positions for supports and the need to design for minimal long term maintenance. Architecturally the bridge needed a strong presence whilst providing an open yet secure environment above the railway. From a construction point of view, disruption to the railway needed to be minimised.	+	The development of the bridge concept was a close collaboration between the client, architect and engineer. The engineering constraints included geometric clearances, limited positions for supports and the need to design for minimal long-term maintenance. Architecturally the bridge needed a strong presence whilst providing an open yet secure environment above the railway. From a construction point of view, disruption to the railway needed to be minimised.
−		+
−	The selected design comprises a ladder beam arrangement with steel side trusses fabricated entirely from weathering steel, forming two equal spans of 65m. The bridge width, dictated by crowd flows of up to 80,000 people per hour during the Games, is 12m. A full height glazed façade is provided along each side and this open structure without diagonals provides suitable edge protection against falling objects without detriment to the experience of the user. A Vierendeel truss form was selected because it is more easily integrated with a glazed cladding system, avoids the visual interference of diagonals and complements the rectilinear language of the neighbouring buildings.	+

−	The ~~bridge is curved subtlety in plan, the~~ trusses ~~vary gradually in height~~ from 4.~~5m at the ends to 6.5m at the centre pier and the outermost truss develops a deliberate lean~~ of up to ~~15 degrees~~. ~~These clever geometric devices achieve an even greater sense of space~~ and ~~transparency. The constantly changing geometry combines with the plan curve~~ to ~~give~~ the ~~crossing a dynamism and drama that is reinforced by~~ the cladding system.	+	The design comprises a ladder beam arrangement with steel side trusses fabricated entirely from weathering steel forming two equal spans of 65m. The bridge width, dictated by crowd flows of up to 80,000 people per hour during the Games, is 12m. A full-height glazed façade is provided along each side and this open structure without diagonals provides suitable edge protection against falling objects without detriment to the experience of the user. A Vierendeel truss form was selected because it is more easily integrated with a glazed cladding system, avoids the visual interference of diagonals and complements the rectilinear language of the neighbouring buildings.

−	The ~~lean of~~ the ~~outer truss has structural as well as aesthetic benefits as~~ the ~~top boom of~~ the truss~~, which is in tension over much~~ of ~~its length, becomes straighter~~ and ~~therefore more efficient~~.	+	The bridge is subtlety curved in plan. The trusses vary gradually in height from 4.5m at the ends to 6.5m at the centre pier and the outermost truss develops a deliberate lean of up to 15 degrees. These geometric devices achieve an even greater sense of space and transparency. The constantly changing geometry combines with the plan curve to give the crossing a dynamism and drama that is reinforced by the cladding system.

−	The outer profile of the vertical and horizontal members is shaped to ~~define~~ sharp edges and chamfered planes which are defined by light and shadow to accentuate the form and reduce the visual mass in elevation.	+	The lean of the outer truss has structural as well as aesthetic benefits as the top boom of the truss, which is in tension over much of its length, becomes straighter and therefore more efficient. The outer profile of the vertical and horizontal members is shaped to create sharp edges and chamfered planes which are defined by light and shadow to accentuate the form and reduce the visual mass in elevation.

−	The selected method of installation was an incremental launch procedure which required the design of significant temporary works and associated foundations	+	The selected method of installation was an incremental launch procedure which required the design of significant temporary works and associated foundations.

−	= Creativity/Innovation =	+	= Creativity and Innovation =

−	The ~~bold~~ decision to combine the use of weathering steel ~~for the structure~~ with a high quality glazed façade ~~brings~~ the structure a sophisticated urban appearance that harmonises with its environment yet makes it unique among architectural footbridges. At 130m long, it is thought to be the largest single footbridge structure fabricated from weathering steel plate.	+	The decision to combine the use of weathering steel with a high-quality glazed façade gives the structure a sophisticated urban appearance that harmonises with its environment yet makes it unique among architectural footbridges. At 130m long, it is thought to be the largest single footbridge structure fabricated from weathering steel plate.

	The central pier was constructed in the footprint of an existing signal box with very restricted access for plant and materials. The design solution was an innovative minipile design incorporating tubular steel sections as permanent casing and reinforcement.		The central pier was constructed in the footprint of an existing signal box with very restricted access for plant and materials. The design solution was an innovative minipile design incorporating tubular steel sections as permanent casing and reinforcement.

−	The incremental launch procedure had to be undertaken around a curved alignment with ~~tight~~ special constraints above and beside the bridge. The temporary works were carefully designed with input from a specialist ~~launch~~ contractor to enable the launch to be carried out in three weekend operations.	+	The incremental launch procedure had to be undertaken around a curved alignment with special constraints above and beside the bridge. The temporary works were carefully designed with input from a specialist contractor to enable the launch to be carried out in three weekend operations.

	= Excellence =		= Excellence =

−	Care was taken in the bridge detailing in order to produce a design whose aesthetic qualities ~~were~~ intrinsic to the structure. The use of weathering steel offers great potential benefits in terms of durability, however ~~this~~ requires skilful detailing. The design team conducted its own tests on the weathering process and visited precedents. Best practice in relation to the use of this material was researched prior to ~~the~~ detailed design and as a result the truss chords were developed with in built drip details and chamfer plates to prevent pigeon roosting.	+	Care was taken in the bridge detailing in order to produce a design whose aesthetic qualities are intrinsic to the structure. The use of weathering steel offers great potential benefits in terms of durability, however it requires skilful detailing. The design team conducted its own tests on the weathering process and visited precedents. Best practice in relation to the use of this material was researched prior to detailed design and as a result the truss chords were developed with in-built drip details and chamfer plates to prevent pigeon roosting.

	It was recognised that a high standard of workmanship and dimensional control was essential to the successful delivery of the project. For this reason, intensive workshops were held within the design and construction team to carefully plan the execution of the fabrication and erection of the bridge and its finishes. For example, it was vital that the launch surface of the underside of the trusses was perfectly flat to ensure a smooth installation. In the event, remarkable standards were achieved which are a tribute to the expertise and ingenuity of the individuals involved.		It was recognised that a high standard of workmanship and dimensional control was essential to the successful delivery of the project. For this reason, intensive workshops were held within the design and construction team to carefully plan the execution of the fabrication and erection of the bridge and its finishes. For example, it was vital that the launch surface of the underside of the trusses was perfectly flat to ensure a smooth installation. In the event, remarkable standards were achieved which are a tribute to the expertise and ingenuity of the individuals involved.
Line 48:		Line 41:
	Adherence to programme for the bridge construction was critical to the adjacent retail development due to need to occupy part of the site for assembly. The design of the bridge was also significantly affected by the chosen method of installation and the engineer was therefore novated to the contract for the detailed design.		Adherence to programme for the bridge construction was critical to the adjacent retail development due to need to occupy part of the site for assembly. The design of the bridge was also significantly affected by the chosen method of installation and the engineer was therefore novated to the contract for the detailed design.

−	The bridge sections were prefabricated off site and delivered in transportable sections for assembly by welding adjacent to the bridge’s final position. Custom-designed temporary works were required to maintain the geometric relationship between adjacent units.<br/> <br/>A launching nose and tail frame were installed and the first 48m section of the bridge was slid into position using strand jacks to pull the rear of the assembly forward and low friction skates to support the bottom chords of the trusses. This process was then repeated for the second and third sections of the bridge – the individual launch stages being separated by several weeks to allow for the intermediate assembly	+	The bridge sections were prefabricated off site and delivered in transportable sections for assembly by welding adjacent to the bridge’s final position. Custom-designed temporary works were required to maintain the geometric relationship between adjacent units.<br/><br/>A launching nose and tail frame were installed and the first 48m section of the bridge was slid into position using strand jacks to pull the rear of the assembly forward and low friction skates to support the bottom chords of the trusses. This process was then repeated for the second and third sections of the bridge – the individual launch stages being separated by several weeks to allow for the intermediate assembly

	By the third bridge launch, the railway authorities had developed sufficient confidence in the project team’s competency and the careful planning of the operation to permit work to be carried out without a railway possession or station closure, thus avoiding disruption and inconvenience to passengers – this is understood to be a first.		By the third bridge launch, the railway authorities had developed sufficient confidence in the project team’s competency and the careful planning of the operation to permit work to be carried out without a railway possession or station closure, thus avoiding disruption and inconvenience to passengers – this is understood to be a first.
Line 69:		Line 62:

	= Project team =		= Project team =
−	*Client: Westfield Shoppingtowns Ltd	+	*Client: Westfield Shoppingtowns Ltd
−	*Bridge Engineer: Buro Happold Ltd	+	*Bridge Engineer: Buro Happold Ltd
−	*Architect: Knight Architects	+	*Architect: Knight Architects
−	*Main Contractor: Morgan Est PLC	+	*Main Contractor: Morgan Est PLC
−	*Steel Fabricator: Watson Steel	+	*Steel Fabricator: Watson Steel
−	*Specialist Launch Contractor: ALE	+	*Specialist Launch Contractor: ALE
	*Glazing Subcontractor: AGF		*Glazing Subcontractor: AGF

	[[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]]		[[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]]

Designing Buildings: Created page with "
= Description =

The Stratford Town Centre Link is a landmark structure forming the gateway to the Stratford City development in East London. Conceived ..."

2013-08-02T06:53:29Z

Created page with "<div> = Description = <br/> </div> <br/> The Stratford Town Centre Link is a landmark structure forming the gateway to the Stratford City development in East London. Conceived ..."

New page

<div>
= Description =
<br/>

</div>
<br/>

The Stratford Town Centre Link is a landmark structure forming the gateway to the Stratford City development in East London. Conceived as an “urban piazza”, its location makes it an important link for the local community as well as a significant route into the Olympic Park for the 2012 Games. It was completed on 12th September 2011.

The bridge crosses eleven railway lines including Network Rail and London Underground assets as well as the platforms of Stratford Regional Station and a highway. Its high profile location demanded utmost attention to safety, quality and inventiveness in delivery.

This project is notable for a number of reasons:

*A striking and unique design combining the use of low-maintenance weathering steel and glazing;
*Exceptional standards of construction, and
*The ingenious method of installation which culminated in the first known live bridge launch over an operational station in the UK.

= Design Concept =

The development of the bridge concept was a close collaboration between the client, architect and engineer. The engineering constraints included geometric clearances, limited positions for supports and the need to design for minimal long term maintenance. Architecturally the bridge needed a strong presence whilst providing an open yet secure environment above the railway. From a construction point of view, disruption to the railway needed to be minimised.

The selected design comprises a ladder beam arrangement with steel side trusses fabricated entirely from weathering steel, forming two equal spans of 65m. The bridge width, dictated by crowd flows of up to 80,000 people per hour during the Games, is 12m. A full height glazed façade is provided along each side and this open structure without diagonals provides suitable edge protection against falling objects without detriment to the experience of the user. A Vierendeel truss form was selected because it is more easily integrated with a glazed cladding system, avoids the visual interference of diagonals and complements the rectilinear language of the neighbouring buildings.

The bridge is curved subtlety in plan, the trusses vary gradually in height from 4.5m at the ends to 6.5m at the centre pier and the outermost truss develops a deliberate lean of up to 15 degrees. These clever geometric devices achieve an even greater sense of space and transparency. The constantly changing geometry combines with the plan curve to give the crossing a dynamism and drama that is reinforced by the cladding system.

The lean of the outer truss has structural as well as aesthetic benefits as the top boom of the truss, which is in tension over much of its length, becomes straighter and therefore more efficient.

The outer profile of the vertical and horizontal members is shaped to define sharp edges and chamfered planes which are defined by light and shadow to accentuate the form and reduce the visual mass in elevation.

The selected method of installation was an incremental launch procedure which required the design of significant temporary works and associated foundations

= Creativity/Innovation =

The bold decision to combine the use of weathering steel for the structure with a high quality glazed façade brings the structure a sophisticated urban appearance that harmonises with its environment yet makes it unique among architectural footbridges. At 130m long, it is thought to be the largest single footbridge structure fabricated from weathering steel plate.

The central pier was constructed in the footprint of an existing signal box with very restricted access for plant and materials. The design solution was an innovative minipile design incorporating tubular steel sections as permanent casing and reinforcement.

The incremental launch procedure had to be undertaken around a curved alignment with tight special constraints above and beside the bridge. The temporary works were carefully designed with input from a specialist launch contractor to enable the launch to be carried out in three weekend operations.

= Excellence =

Care was taken in the bridge detailing in order to produce a design whose aesthetic qualities were intrinsic to the structure. The use of weathering steel offers great potential benefits in terms of durability, however this requires skilful detailing. The design team conducted its own tests on the weathering process and visited precedents. Best practice in relation to the use of this material was researched prior to the detailed design and as a result the truss chords were developed with in built drip details and chamfer plates to prevent pigeon roosting.

It was recognised that a high standard of workmanship and dimensional control was essential to the successful delivery of the project. For this reason, intensive workshops were held within the design and construction team to carefully plan the execution of the fabrication and erection of the bridge and its finishes. For example, it was vital that the launch surface of the underside of the trusses was perfectly flat to ensure a smooth installation. In the event, remarkable standards were achieved which are a tribute to the expertise and ingenuity of the individuals involved.

= Construction =

Adherence to programme for the bridge construction was critical to the adjacent retail development due to need to occupy part of the site for assembly. The design of the bridge was also significantly affected by the chosen method of installation and the engineer was therefore novated to the contract for the detailed design.

The bridge sections were prefabricated off site and delivered in transportable sections for assembly by welding adjacent to the bridge’s final position. Custom-designed temporary works were required to maintain the geometric relationship between adjacent units.<br/> <br/>A launching nose and tail frame were installed and the first 48m section of the bridge was slid into position using strand jacks to pull the rear of the assembly forward and low friction skates to support the bottom chords of the trusses. This process was then repeated for the second and third sections of the bridge – the individual launch stages being separated by several weeks to allow for the intermediate assembly

By the third bridge launch, the railway authorities had developed sufficient confidence in the project team’s competency and the careful planning of the operation to permit work to be carried out without a railway possession or station closure, thus avoiding disruption and inconvenience to passengers – this is understood to be a first.

= Safety =

The bridge’s location above a busy railway and station meant that health and safety considerations were paramount. Its design was profoundly influenced by the need to ensure the safety and practicality of the method of construction.

A three stage incremental launch process was necessary due to the limited working area available for assembly adjacent to the bridge site. Permanent formwork soffit panels and temporary side screens were deployed to provide a secure working environment. Showing considerable foresight, the Client commissioned a computer animation to clearly communicate the complex sequencing to the approval authorities and operatives.

Safety of the bridge in service has also been an important issue. Maintenance risks have been significantly reduced by employing weathering steel for the main structure, which therefore requires minimal long term maintenance. The high sides to the structure protect the railway from falling or thrown objects. Special glazing tests, involving the dropping of a steel sphere from a height of 15m, were carried out to prove the integrity of the laminated glass to the approval authorities. The bridge lighting, which is simple yet striking, is effective in providing a well lit and non-threatening environment for users at night.

= Sustainability =

The bridge materials were selected in order to maximise durability and minimise maintenance of the bridge, which is an important consideration given its location above a busy railway. Consequently life cycle costs are minimised. The bridge design was also driven by the desire to minimise construction time and impact. The bridge brings significant local benefits in terms of connectivity.

= Performance against prediction =

The project has required close cooperation between the client, designers, main contractor and steel fabricator to deliver a complex structure within a tight timescale. It is a tribute to the team members that the project was completed on time and within budget.

= Project team =
*Client: Westfield Shoppingtowns Ltd
*Bridge Engineer: Buro Happold Ltd
*Architect: Knight Architects
*Main Contractor: Morgan Est PLC
*Steel Fabricator: Watson Steel
*Specialist Launch Contractor: ALE
*Glazing Subcontractor: AGF

[[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]]