Stair design - Revision history

Designing Buildings at 09:44, 4 November 2022

2022-11-04T09:44:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:44, 4 November 2022
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	* Banister. Stairs, particularly in domestic premises, may also include guarding to one, or both sides, in the form of a banister, that is, an assembly of uprights and a handrail.		* Banister. Stairs, particularly in domestic premises, may also include guarding to one, or both sides, in the form of a banister, that is, an assembly of uprights and a handrail.
	* Landing. Stairs can be straight and can include a [[Landing_definition\|landing]] and turn, or can be curved. A continuous series of steps between landings is called a flight.		* Landing. Stairs can be straight and can include a [[Landing_definition\|landing]] and turn, or can be curved. A continuous series of steps between landings is called a flight.
−
−	:

	[[File:Components_of_stairs.jpg\|link=File:Components_of_stairs.jpg]]		[[File:Components_of_stairs.jpg\|link=File:Components_of_stairs.jpg]]
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	\|}		\|}

−	= Building regulations ~~relating to~~ stair design =	+	= Building regulations requirements for stair design =

	The requirements for the design of stairs are set out in the approved documents to the building regulations:		The requirements for the design of stairs are set out in the approved documents to the building regulations:
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	* The minimum headroom should be 2 m.		* The minimum headroom should be 2 m.

−	= ~~Width of~~ stairs =	+	= How wide should stairs be? =

−	Buildings other than dwellings	+	Buildings other than dwellings:

	* For stairs that form part of a means of escape, see Fire below.		* For stairs that form part of a means of escape, see Fire below.
	* For other stairs, a minimum width of 1,200 mm, and 1,000 mm between handrails. If the stairs are more than 2 m wide, then they should be divided into flights of no less than 1,000 mm.		* For other stairs, a minimum width of 1,200 mm, and 1,000 mm between handrails. If the stairs are more than 2 m wide, then they should be divided into flights of no less than 1,000 mm.

−	Dwellings	+	Dwellings:

	* For stairs that form part of a means of escape, see Fire below.		* For stairs that form part of a means of escape, see Fire below.
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	NB: In designing staircases, in particular residential work, thought must be given to access for furniture. Spiral staircases for instance are a real problem for bedroom furniture and windows may not have big enough openings for alternative access.		NB: In designing staircases, in particular residential work, thought must be given to access for furniture. Spiral staircases for instance are a real problem for bedroom furniture and windows may not have big enough openings for alternative access.

−	= ~~Length~~ of ~~flight~~ =	+	= How long can flights of stairs be? =

	Stairs with more than 36 risers in consecutive flights should have at least one change in direction between flights. For buildings other than dwellings, the maximum number of risers between landings should be 16 for utility stairs and 12 for general access stairs. There should not be any single steps.		Stairs with more than 36 risers in consecutive flights should have at least one change in direction between flights. For buildings other than dwellings, the maximum number of risers between landings should be 16 for utility stairs and 12 for general access stairs. There should not be any single steps.
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	For more information see: Landings in buildings and Maximum length of a flight of stairs.		For more information see: Landings in buildings and Maximum length of a flight of stairs.

−	= ~~Handrails~~ =	+	= What are the requirements for handrails on stairs? =

	Handrails should be 900 mm to 1000 mm from the pitch line or the floor. If the stair is 1,000 mm wide, or more, a handrail should be provided at both sides. If the stairs are more than 2 m wide, then they should be divided into flights of no less than 1,000 mm.		Handrails should be 900 mm to 1000 mm from the pitch line or the floor. If the stair is 1,000 mm wide, or more, a handrail should be provided at both sides. If the stairs are more than 2 m wide, then they should be divided into flights of no less than 1,000 mm.
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	Handrails should continue, at least 300 mm beyond the top and bottom of the stairs and should be finished in a way that reduces the risk of clothing being caught.		Handrails should continue, at least 300 mm beyond the top and bottom of the stairs and should be finished in a way that reduces the risk of clothing being caught.

−	= ~~Guarding~~ =	+	= What are the requirements for guarding on stairs? =

	In buildings that might be used by children under 5, guarding should be designed so that a 100 mm sphere cannot pass through, it should prevent children being held fast and should be difficult to climb.		In buildings that might be used by children under 5, guarding should be designed so that a 100 mm sphere cannot pass through, it should prevent children being held fast and should be difficult to climb.
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	= Types of stairs =		= Types of stairs =

−	~~== Utility stair ==~~	+	Some of the more commonly used types of stairs are described below:
−		+
−	~~Approved document K defines a 'utility stair' as '...a stair used for escape, access for maintenance, or purposes other than as~~ the ~~usual route for moving between levels on a day-to-day basis.'~~	+
−		+
−	~~== General access stair ==~~	+
−		+
−	~~Approved document K defines a 'general access stair' as '...a stair intended for all users of a building on a day-to-day basis, as a normal route between levels.'~~	+
−		+
−	~~== Private stair ==~~	+
−		+
−	~~Approved document K defines a 'private stair' as '...a stair intended to be~~ used ~~for only one dwelling'.~~	+
−		+
−	NB [https://www2.gov.scot/resource/buildingstandards/2016Domestic/chunks/apa.html The Scottish Building Standards, Part I. Technical Handbook – Domestic, Appendix A Defined Terms], defines a private stair or ramp as: ‘…a stair or ramp wholly within a dwelling.’	+
−		+
−	~~== Protected stair ==~~	+
−		+
−	~~Approved document B defines a ‘protected stair’ as ‘…a stair discharging through a final exit to a place~~ of ~~safety (including any exit passageway between the foot of the stair and the final exit) that is adequately enclosed with fire resisting construction’.~~	+
−		+
−	~~See~~: ~~Protected stairway for more information.~~	+
−		+
−	~~== Firefighting stair ==~~	+
−		+
−	~~Approved document B defines a ‘firefighting stair’ as ‘… A protected stairway that connects to the accommodation area through only a firefighting lobby.’.~~	+
−		+
−	~~== Common stair ==~~	+

−	Approved document B defines a ‘common stair’ as ‘… An escape stair that serves more than one flat.’.	+	* Utility stair. Approved document K defines a 'utility stair' as '...a stair used for escape, access for maintenance, or purposes other than as the usual route for moving between levels on a day-to-day basis.
		+	* General access stair. Approved document K defines a 'general access stair' as '...a stair intended for all users of a building on a day-to-day basis, as a normal route between levels.'
		+	* Private stair. Approved document K defines a 'private stair' as '...a stair intended to be used for only one dwelling'. NB [https://www2.gov.scot/resource/buildingstandards/2016Domestic/chunks/apa.html The Scottish Building Standards, Part I. Technical Handbook – Domestic, Appendix A Defined Terms], defines a private stair or ramp as: ‘…a stair or ramp wholly within a dwelling.’
		+	* Protected stair. Approved document B defines a ‘protected stair’ as ‘…a stair discharging through a final exit to a place of safety (including any exit passageway between the foot of the stair and the final exit) that is adequately enclosed with fire resisting construction’. See: Protected stairway for more information.
		+	* Firefighting stair. Approved document B defines a ‘firefighting stair’ as ‘… A protected stairway that connects to the accommodation area through only a firefighting lobby.’
		+	* Common stair. Approved document B defines a ‘common stair’ as ‘… An escape stair that serves more than one flat.’.

	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =		= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

Designing Buildings at 09:40, 4 November 2022

2022-11-04T09:40:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:40, 4 November 2022
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	Very generally, the word 'stairs' refers to a staircase, whereas the word 'step' refers to the individual steps that make up the staircase.		Very generally, the word 'stairs' refers to a staircase, whereas the word 'step' refers to the individual steps that make up the staircase.

−	= ~~Components of~~ stairs =	+	= What are stairs made from? =

−	~~The main components~~ of ~~stairs are illustrated below:~~	+	Stairs can be constructed using a wide variety of materials, including; timber, brick, stone, concrete, metal, glass and so on.

−	~~[[File~~:~~Components_of_stairs.jpg\|link=File:Components_of_stairs.jpg]]~~	+	The main components of stairs are:

−	Stairs, particularly in domestic premises, may also include guarding to one, or both sides, in the form of a banister, that is, an assembly of uprights and a handrail.	+	* Tread. The flat component that users stand on. The clear area excluding any overhang above is known as the going. The overhang above the riser below is known as the nosing.
		+	* Riser. The vertical component between treads.
		+	* String. The inclined structural component into which the treads and risers are fixed at one or both sides.
		+	* Banister. Stairs, particularly in domestic premises, may also include guarding to one, or both sides, in the form of a banister, that is, an assembly of uprights and a handrail.
		+	* Landing. Stairs can be straight and can include a [[Landing_definition\|landing]] and turn, or can be curved. A continuous series of steps between landings is called a flight.

−	~~Stairs can be straight and can include a~~ [[~~Landing_definition~~\|~~landing~~]] ~~and turn, or can be curved. A continuous series~~ of ~~steps between landings is called a flight.~~	+	:
		+
		+	[[File:Components_of_stairs.jpg\|link=File:Components_of_stairs.jpg]]
		+
		+	= Types of stair tread =

	Curved stairs have tapered treads, and can be difficult to use. A helical stair has a void in the middle, whereas a spiral stair has a column in the middle.		Curved stairs have tapered treads, and can be difficult to use. A helical stair has a void in the middle, whereas a spiral stair has a column in the middle.
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	\| Alternating tread stair		\| Alternating tread stair
	\|}		\|}
−
−	~~Stairs can be constructed using a wide variety of materials, including; timber, brick, stone, concrete, metal, glass and so on.~~

	= Building regulations relating to stair design =		= Building regulations relating to stair design =

Designing Buildings at 11:30, 10 October 2022

2022-10-10T11:30:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:30, 10 October 2022
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	[[File:Stairs.jpg\|link=File:Stairs.jpg]]		[[File:Stairs.jpg\|link=File:Stairs.jpg]]

−	= ~~Introduction~~ =	+	= Definition of stairs =

	Stairs are used to create a pedestrian route between different vertical levels by dividing the height between the levels into manageable steps.		Stairs are used to create a pedestrian route between different vertical levels by dividing the height between the levels into manageable steps.

	Very generally, the word 'stairs' refers to a staircase, whereas the word 'step' refers to the individual steps that make up the staircase.		Very generally, the word 'stairs' refers to a staircase, whereas the word 'step' refers to the individual steps that make up the staircase.
		+
		+	= Components of stairs =

	The main components of stairs are illustrated below:		The main components of stairs are illustrated below:
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	Stairs can be constructed using a wide variety of materials, including; timber, brick, stone, concrete, metal, glass and so on.		Stairs can be constructed using a wide variety of materials, including; timber, brick, stone, concrete, metal, glass and so on.
		+
		+	= Building regulations relating to stair design =

	The requirements for the design of stairs are set out in the approved documents to the building regulations:		The requirements for the design of stairs are set out in the approved documents to the building regulations:
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	The very broad requirements are set out in summary below, but for the full detail, you should refer to [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/protection-from-falling-collision-and-impact-approved-document-k Approved Document K].		The very broad requirements are set out in summary below, but for the full detail, you should refer to [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/protection-from-falling-collision-and-impact-approved-document-k Approved Document K].
−
−	~~= General requirements =~~

	{\|		{\|
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	In buildings that might be used by children under 5, guarding should be designed so that a 100 mm sphere cannot pass through, it should prevent children being held fast and should be difficult to climb.		In buildings that might be used by children under 5, guarding should be designed so that a 100 mm sphere cannot pass through, it should prevent children being held fast and should be difficult to climb.

−	= Fire =	+	= Fire and stair design =

	There are specific and complex requirements for the fire separation of stairs in dwellings depending on the height of the building and whether there is a basement. There are also specific requirements for external escape stairs (For details, see [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/fire-safety-approved-document-b Approved Document B - Fire Safety: Volume 1 – Dwellinghouses]).		There are specific and complex requirements for the fire separation of stairs in dwellings depending on the height of the building and whether there is a basement. There are also specific requirements for external escape stairs (For details, see [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/fire-safety-approved-document-b Approved Document B - Fire Safety: Volume 1 – Dwellinghouses]).
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	In relation to buildings other than dwellings, there are also specific and complex requirements in relation to the number of protected stairs, firefighting stairs and the width of stairs. (For details, see [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/fire-safety-approved-document-b Approved Document B - Fire Safety: Volume 2 - Buildings other than dwellinghouses]).		In relation to buildings other than dwellings, there are also specific and complex requirements in relation to the number of protected stairs, firefighting stairs and the width of stairs. (For details, see [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/fire-safety-approved-document-b Approved Document B - Fire Safety: Volume 2 - Buildings other than dwellinghouses]).

−	= Accessibility =	+	= Accessibility and stair design =

	The main accessibility requirements for stairs have now been moved to Approved Document K, however, there is still guidance in Approved Document M: Access to and Use of Buildings in relation to external stairs, where they also form part of the principal entrances and alternative accessible entrances and when they form part of the access route to the building from the boundary of the site and car parking (for details, see [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/access-to-and-use-of-buildings-approved-document-m Approved Document M: Access to and Use of Buildings]).		The main accessibility requirements for stairs have now been moved to Approved Document K, however, there is still guidance in Approved Document M: Access to and Use of Buildings in relation to external stairs, where they also form part of the principal entrances and alternative accessible entrances and when they form part of the access route to the building from the boundary of the site and car parking (for details, see [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/access-to-and-use-of-buildings-approved-document-m Approved Document M: Access to and Use of Buildings]).

−	= Types of ~~stair~~ =	+	= Types of stairs =

	== Utility stair ==		== Utility stair ==

Designing Buildings at 11:26, 10 October 2022

2022-10-10T11:26:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:26, 10 October 2022
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	Approved document B defines a ‘common stair’ as ‘… An escape stair that serves more than one flat.’.		Approved document B defines a ‘common stair’ as ‘… An escape stair that serves more than one flat.’.

−	= Related articles on Designing Buildings ~~Wiki~~ =	+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

	* Approved Document K		* Approved Document K
−	* When to install a staircase during the construction process.
	* Maximum length of a flight of stairs		* Maximum length of a flight of stairs
	* Protected stair v escape stair		* Protected stair v escape stair
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	* Flight.		* Flight.
	* Protected stairway		* Protected stairway
−	* Ladder.
	* Landings in buildings		* Landings in buildings
	* Stairs riser		* Stairs riser
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	* Accommodation stair		* Accommodation stair
	* Stairs nosing		* Stairs nosing
−	* Firefighting lobby
	* Guarding		* Guarding

Designing Buildings at 08:56, 9 November 2020

2020-11-09T08:56:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:56, 9 November 2020
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	== Private stair ==		== Private stair ==

−	Approved document K defines a 'private stair' as '...a stair intended to be used for only one dwelling'	+	Approved document K defines a 'private stair' as '...a stair intended to be used for only one dwelling'.
		+
		+	NB [https://www2.gov.scot/resource/buildingstandards/2016Domestic/chunks/apa.html The Scottish Building Standards, Part I. Technical Handbook – Domestic, Appendix A Defined Terms], defines a private stair or ramp as: ‘…a stair or ramp wholly within a dwelling.’

	== Protected stair ==		== Protected stair ==

Designing Buildings at 10:05, 26 September 2020

2020-09-26T10:05:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:05, 26 September 2020
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	* Approved document B - Fire safety.		* Approved document B - Fire safety.

−	The very broad requirements are set out in summary below, but for the full detail, you should refer to [~~http~~://www~~.planningportal~~.gov.uk/~~uploads~~/br/~~BR_PDF_AD_K_2013.pdf~~ Approved Document K].	+	The very broad requirements are set out in summary below, but for the full detail, you should refer to [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/protection-from-falling-collision-and-impact-approved-document-k Approved Document K].

	= General requirements =		= General requirements =
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	\| Min rise (mm)		\| Min rise (mm)
	\| Max rise (mm)		\| Max rise (mm)
−	\| Min ~~[[Stairs_going\|~~going]] (mm)	+	\| Min going (mm)
−	\| Max ~~[[Stairs_going\|~~going]] (mm)	+	\| Max going (mm)
	\|-		\|-
	\| Private stair		\| Private stair
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	Stairs with more than 36 risers in consecutive flights should have at least one change in direction between flights. For buildings other than dwellings, the maximum number of risers between landings should be 16 for utility stairs and 12 for general access stairs. There should not be any single steps.		Stairs with more than 36 risers in consecutive flights should have at least one change in direction between flights. For buildings other than dwellings, the maximum number of risers between landings should be 16 for utility stairs and 12 for general access stairs. There should not be any single steps.

−	There are more complex requirements for tapered, spiral, alternating tread and helical stairs. Refer to [~~http~~://www~~.planningportal~~.gov.uk/~~uploads~~/br/~~BR_PDF_AD_K_2013.pdf~~ Approved Document K].	+	There are more complex requirements for tapered, spiral, alternating tread and helical stairs. Refer to [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/protection-from-falling-collision-and-impact-approved-document-k Approved Document K].

	For more information see: Landings in buildings and Maximum length of a flight of stairs.		For more information see: Landings in buildings and Maximum length of a flight of stairs.
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	= Fire =		= Fire =

−	There are specific and complex requirements for the fire separation of stairs in dwellings depending on the height of the building and whether there is a basement. There are also specific requirements for external escape stairs (For details, see [~~http~~://www~~.planningportal~~.gov.uk/~~buildingregulations/approveddocuments/partb/bcapproveddocumentsb~~/~~bcapproveddocbvol1~~/ Approved Document B - Fire Safety: Volume 1 – Dwellinghouses]).	+	There are specific and complex requirements for the fire separation of stairs in dwellings depending on the height of the building and whether there is a basement. There are also specific requirements for external escape stairs (For details, see [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/fire-safety-approved-document-b Approved Document B - Fire Safety: Volume 1 – Dwellinghouses]).

−	In relation to buildings other than dwellings, there are also specific and complex requirements in relation to the number of protected stairs, firefighting stairs and the width of stairs. (For details, see [~~http~~://www~~.planningportal~~.gov.uk/~~buildingregulations/approveddocuments/partb/bcapproveddocumentsb~~/~~bcapproveddocbvol2~~/ Approved Document B - Fire Safety: Volume 2 - Buildings other than dwellinghouses]).	+	In relation to buildings other than dwellings, there are also specific and complex requirements in relation to the number of protected stairs, firefighting stairs and the width of stairs. (For details, see [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/fire-safety-approved-document-b Approved Document B - Fire Safety: Volume 2 - Buildings other than dwellinghouses]).

	= Accessibility =		= Accessibility =

−	The main accessibility requirements for stairs have now been moved to Approved Document K, however, there is still guidance in Approved Document M: Access to and Use of Buildings in relation to external stairs, where they also form part of the principal entrances and alternative accessible entrances and when they form part of the access route to the building from the boundary of the site and car parking (for details, see [~~http~~://www~~.planningportal~~.gov.uk/~~buildingregulations/approveddocuments~~/~~partm~~/approved Approved Document M: Access to and Use of Buildings]).	+	The main accessibility requirements for stairs have now been moved to Approved Document K, however, there is still guidance in Approved Document M: Access to and Use of Buildings in relation to external stairs, where they also form part of the principal entrances and alternative accessible entrances and when they form part of the access route to the building from the boundary of the site and car parking (for details, see [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/access-to-and-use-of-buildings-approved-document-m Approved Document M: Access to and Use of Buildings]).

	= Types of stair =		= Types of stair =

Designing Buildings at 05:56, 27 August 2020

2020-08-27T05:56:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:56, 27 August 2020
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	* [https://www.selfbuild-central.co.uk/construction/stairs/#Straight_stair_calculator Stair design calculator].		* [https://www.selfbuild-central.co.uk/construction/stairs/#Straight_stair_calculator Stair design calculator].

−	[[Category:~~Regulations~~]] [[Category:~~DCN_Regulation~~]] [[Category:~~Products_/_components~~]] [[Category:~~DCN_Product_Knowledge~~]]	+	[[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:DCN_Specification]] [[Category:Regulations]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Editor at 18:25, 3 February 2020

2020-02-03T18:25:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:25, 3 February 2020
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	* Protected stair v escape stair		* Protected stair v escape stair
	* Approved Document B		* Approved Document B
		+	* Flight.
	* Protected stairway		* Protected stairway
	* Ladder.		* Ladder.
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	* Guarding		* Guarding

−	=== External references ===	+	= External references =

	* [https://www.selfbuild-central.co.uk/construction/stairs/#Straight_stair_calculator Stair design calculator].		* [https://www.selfbuild-central.co.uk/construction/stairs/#Straight_stair_calculator Stair design calculator].

−	[[Category:Regulations]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]	+	[[Category:Regulations]] [[Category:DCN_Regulation]] [[Category:Products_/_components]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]]

Designing Buildings at 06:54, 29 January 2020

2020-01-29T06:54:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:54, 29 January 2020
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	There are specific and complex requirements for the fire separation of stairs in dwellings depending on the height of the building and whether there is a basement. There are also specific requirements for external escape stairs (For details, see [http://www.planningportal.gov.uk/buildingregulations/approveddocuments/partb/bcapproveddocumentsb/bcapproveddocbvol1/ Approved Document B - Fire Safety: Volume 1 – Dwellinghouses]).		There are specific and complex requirements for the fire separation of stairs in dwellings depending on the height of the building and whether there is a basement. There are also specific requirements for external escape stairs (For details, see [http://www.planningportal.gov.uk/buildingregulations/approveddocuments/partb/bcapproveddocumentsb/bcapproveddocbvol1/ Approved Document B - Fire Safety: Volume 1 – Dwellinghouses]).

−	In relation to buildings other than dwellings, there are also specific and complex requirements in relation to the number of ~~‘protected’~~ stairs, firefighting stairs and the width of stairs. (For details, see [http://www.planningportal.gov.uk/buildingregulations/approveddocuments/partb/bcapproveddocumentsb/bcapproveddocbvol2/ Approved Document B - Fire Safety: Volume 2 - Buildings other than dwellinghouses]).	+	In relation to buildings other than dwellings, there are also specific and complex requirements in relation to the number of protected stairs, firefighting stairs and the width of stairs. (For details, see [http://www.planningportal.gov.uk/buildingregulations/approveddocuments/partb/bcapproveddocumentsb/bcapproveddocbvol2/ Approved Document B - Fire Safety: Volume 2 - Buildings other than dwellinghouses]).

	= Accessibility =		= Accessibility =

Designing Buildings at 06:46, 29 January 2020

2020-01-29T06:46:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:46, 29 January 2020
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	The requirements for the design of stairs are set out in the approved documents to the building regulations:		The requirements for the design of stairs are set out in the approved documents to the building regulations:

−	* Approved document K: Protection from falling, collision and impact.	+	* Approved document K - Protection from falling, collision and impact.
−	* Approved document M: Access to and use of buildings (only when external stepped access also forms part of the principal entrances and alternative accessible entrances and when they form part of the access route to the building from the boundary of the site and car parking).	+	* Approved document M - Access to and use of buildings (only when external stepped access also forms part of the principal entrances and alternative accessible entrances and when they form part of the access route to the building from the boundary of the site and car parking).
−	* Approved document B: Fire safety.	+	* Approved document B - Fire safety.

	The very broad requirements are set out in summary below, but for the full detail, you should refer to [http://www.planningportal.gov.uk/uploads/br/BR_PDF_AD_K_2013.pdf Approved Document K].		The very broad requirements are set out in summary below, but for the full detail, you should refer to [http://www.planningportal.gov.uk/uploads/br/BR_PDF_AD_K_2013.pdf Approved Document K].