Socket piles - Revision history

Designing Buildings at 08:42, 8 October 2020

2020-10-08T08:42:28Z

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	* Underpinning.		* Underpinning.

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Designing Buildings at 07:43, 2 May 2018

2018-05-02T07:43:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:43, 2 May 2018
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	Very broadly, foundations can be categorised as shallow foundations or deep foundations. Shallow foundations are typically used where the loads imposed by a structure are low relative to the bearing capacity of the surface soils. Deep foundations are necessary where the bearing capacity of the surface soils is insufficient to support loads imposed and so they are transferred to deeper layers with higher bearing capacity.		Very broadly, foundations can be categorised as shallow foundations or deep foundations. Shallow foundations are typically used where the loads imposed by a structure are low relative to the bearing capacity of the surface soils. Deep foundations are necessary where the bearing capacity of the surface soils is insufficient to support loads imposed and so they are transferred to deeper layers with higher bearing capacity.

−	Pile foundations are deep ~~foundations~~. They are formed by long, slender, columnar elements typically made from steel or reinforced concrete, or sometimes timber. A foundation is described as 'piled' when its depth is more than three times its breadth ~~(Atkinson, 2007)~~.	+	Pile foundations are a type of deep foundation. They are formed by long, slender, columnar elements, typically made from steel or reinforced concrete, or sometimes timber. A foundation is described as 'piled' when its depth is more than three times its breadth.

−	~~The term ‘socket piles’~~, ~~also known as rock sockets~~, ~~refers to a technique that is used to embed a pile into solid~~ rock. ~~It is done to utilise the full structural capacity of the piles by increasing the bearing capacity for both compressive and tensile forces. It is a technique that is~~ used for ~~offshore applications~~, ~~i.e. drilling into a rocky seabed, typically~~ where ~~the depth~~ is ~~shallow or there is sloping solid rock~~.	+	Pile foundations are principally used to transfer loads from superstructures, through weak, compressible strata or water onto stronger, more compact, less compressible and stiffer soil or rock at depth. They are typically used for large structures, and in situations where soil is not suitable to prevent excessive settlement.

−	The ~~technique involves drilling into the~~ rock ~~layer~~ to ~~create~~ a ~~socket which~~ is ~~slightly larger than the pile. This creates~~ a ~~void around the outer edge of the~~ pile ~~which should be filled in with grout, usually Portland cement or an ultra-high strength grout depending on the structural requirements~~. This ~~'socket' in the rock provides the pile with stability by contributing~~ to the ~~resistance~~ of ~~lateral loads~~ and ~~also uses friction to resist uplifting~~ forces.	+	The term ‘socket piles’ (or rock sockets), refers to a technique that is used to embed a pile into solid rock. This can be necessary to utilise the full structural capacity of the piles for both compressive and tensile forces. It is a technique that is typically used for offshore applications, such as drilling into a rocky seabed, where the depth is shallow or there is sloping solid rock.

−	~~Before calculating the safe load-carrying capacity of~~ the socket ~~piles~~ the ~~following information should be assessed relating to~~ the ~~behaviour~~ of the rock ~~mass:~~	+	The technique involves drilling into the rock layer to create a socket which is slightly larger than the pile. This creates a void around the outer edge of the pile which is filled with grout, usually Portland cement or an ultra-high strength grout depending on the structural requirements. This 'socket' in the rock provides the pile with stability by providing to resistance against lateral loads and uplift forces.

−	* ~~Presence~~ of fractures in the rock.	+	The safe load-carrying capacity of the socket piles will depend on a number of factors in relation to the behaviour of the rock mass:
−	* The size and spacing of ~~the~~ fractures.	+
−	* The degree of weathering of ~~the~~ fractures.	+	* The properties of the rock.
−	* The presence of any soil within ~~the~~ fractures.	+	* The presence of fractures in the rock.
−	* The chemical properties of the rock.	+	* The size and spacing of any fractures.
		+	* The degree of weathering of fractures.
		+	* The presence of any soil within fractures.

	= Find out more =		= Find out more =

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Foundations provide support for structures, transferring their load to layers of soil or rock that have sufficient bearing capacity and suitable settlement characteristics.

Very broadly, foundations can be categorised as shallow foundations or deep foundations. Shallow foundations are typically used where the loads imposed by a structure are low relative to the bearing capacity of the surface soils. Deep foundations are necessary where the bearing capacity of the surface soils is insufficient to support loads imposed and so they are transferred to deeper layers with higher bearing capacity.

Pile foundations are deep foundations. They are formed by long, slender, columnar elements typically made from steel or reinforced concrete, or sometimes timber. A foundation is described as 'piled' when its depth is more than three times its breadth (Atkinson, 2007).

The term ‘socket piles’, also known as rock sockets, refers to a technique that is used to embed a pile into solid rock. It is done to utilise the full structural capacity of the piles by increasing the bearing capacity for both compressive and tensile forces. It is a technique that is used for offshore applications, i.e. drilling into a rocky seabed, typically where the depth is shallow or there is sloping solid rock.

The technique involves drilling into the rock layer to create a socket which is slightly larger than the pile. This creates a void around the outer edge of the pile which should be filled in with grout, usually Portland cement or an ultra-high strength grout depending on the structural requirements. This 'socket' in the rock provides the pile with stability by contributing to the resistance of lateral loads and also uses friction to resist uplifting forces.

Before calculating the safe load-carrying capacity of the socket piles the following information should be assessed relating to the behaviour of the rock mass:

* Presence of fractures in the rock.
* The size and spacing of the fractures.
* The degree of weathering of the fractures.
* The presence of any soil within the fractures.
* The chemical properties of the rock.

= Find out more =

=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===

* Bearing capacity.
* Bored piles.
* Caisson.
* Continuous flight auger piles.
* End-bearing piles.
* Friction piles.
* Grouting in civil engineering.
* Pile foundations.
* Piling equipment.
* Screw pile foundations.
* Underpinning.

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