Sixth carbon budget - Revision history

Designing Buildings at 06:07, 31 March 2023

2023-03-31T06:07:04Z

Editor at 13:03, 30 March 2023

2023-03-30T13:03:25Z

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	[[File:CCC_banner.jpg\|link=File:CCC_banner.jpg]]		[[File:CCC_banner.jpg\|link=File:CCC_banner.jpg]]

−	= ~~Background~~ =	+	= Progress ? =

	Carbon budgets are set by Parliament on the advice of the Committee on Climate Change Committee which is independent from Government. The budgets are set 12 years ahead of time to provide sufficient long-term guidance to investors.		Carbon budgets are set by Parliament on the advice of the Committee on Climate Change Committee which is independent from Government. The budgets are set 12 years ahead of time to provide sufficient long-term guidance to investors.

−	So far, six carbon budgets have been set in law, covering the period from 2008 to 2032. The first three budgets (for 2008-23) were set in 2008 and the fourth (for 2023-27) in 2011. The fifth carbon budget was set in 2016. It limited UK greenhouse gas emissions from all sources, excluding international aviation and shipping, to 1,725 MtCO2 between 2028 and 2032. This is equivalent to a 57 per cent reduction in annual UK emissions over this period on average, relative to 1990. The sixth budget (2033–37) was published in 2020, the first carbon budget set in line with a net zero target and one including aviation and shipping. The Governments progress in reducing GHG emissions in line with the given budgets are published yearly progress reports, also covering adaptation.	+	So far, six carbon budgets have been set in law, covering the period from 2008 to 2032. The first three budgets (for 2008-23) were set in 2008 and the fourth (for 2023-27) in 2011. The fifth carbon budget was set in 2016. It limited UK greenhouse gas emissions from all sources, excluding international aviation and shipping, to 1,725 MtCO2 between 2028 and 2032. This is equivalent to a 57 per cent reduction in annual UK emissions over this period on average, relative to 1990.
		+
		+	The sixth budget (2033–37) was published in 2020, the first carbon budget set in line with a net zero target and one including aviation and shipping. The Governments progress in reducing GHG emissions in line with the given budgets are published yearly progress reports, also covering adaptation.

	Key highlights of all yearly reports can be found in the article Climate Change Committee progress reports.		Key highlights of all yearly reports can be found in the article Climate Change Committee progress reports.

Editor at 12:48, 30 March 2023

2023-03-30T12:48:50Z

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	[[File:CCC_banner.jpg\|link=File:CCC_banner.jpg]]		[[File:CCC_banner.jpg\|link=File:CCC_banner.jpg]]
		+
		+	= Background =
		+
		+	Carbon budgets are set by Parliament on the advice of the Committee on Climate Change Committee which is independent from Government. The budgets are set 12 years ahead of time to provide sufficient long-term guidance to investors.
		+
		+	So far, six carbon budgets have been set in law, covering the period from 2008 to 2032. The first three budgets (for 2008-23) were set in 2008 and the fourth (for 2023-27) in 2011. The fifth carbon budget was set in 2016. It limited UK greenhouse gas emissions from all sources, excluding international aviation and shipping, to 1,725 MtCO2 between 2028 and 2032. This is equivalent to a 57 per cent reduction in annual UK emissions over this period on average, relative to 1990. The sixth budget (2033–37) was published in 2020, the first carbon budget set in line with a net zero target and one including aviation and shipping. The Governments progress in reducing GHG emissions in line with the given budgets are published yearly progress reports, also covering adaptation.
		+
		+	Key highlights of all yearly reports can be found in the article Climate Change Committee progress reports.

	= Introduction =		= Introduction =

−	The sixth carbon budget is a requirement under the Climate Change Act, it provides ministers with advice on the volume of greenhouse gases that the UK can emit during the period 2033-2037. It was published in December 2020, by the Climate Change Committee (CCC) and at the time was described as the “toughest yet” because it advised that the UK needs to deliver a 78% reduction by 2035 if it is to meet its long-term net-zero commitment. The target under the original Climate Change Act of 2008 the UK ~~wasan~~ 80% reduction by 2050, this brings almost the same reduction forward by 15 years.	+	The sixth carbon budget is a requirement under the Climate Change Act, it provides ministers with advice on the volume of greenhouse gases that the UK can emit during the period 2033-2037. It was published in December 2020, by the Climate Change Committee (CCC) and at the time was described as the “toughest yet” because it advised that the UK needs to deliver a 78% reduction by 2035 if it is to meet its long-term net-zero commitment. The target under the original Climate Change Act of 2008 the UK was an 80% reduction by 2050, this brings almost the same reduction forward by 15 years.

	At the time, to deliver this the CCC proposed a major investment programme across the country, largely by the private sector. Stating at the time that the investment would also be the key to the UK’s economic recovery over the following decade. In many areas, giving real savings, as the nation uses fewer resources and adopts cleaner, more-efficient technologies, like electric cars, to replace their fossil-fuelled predecessors. The CCC found that these savings substantially reduced the cost of net zero, compared with previous assessments: down to less than 1% of GDP throughout the next 30 years. Thanks, not only to the falling cost of offshore wind but also a range of new low cost, low-carbon solutions in every sector.		At the time, to deliver this the CCC proposed a major investment programme across the country, largely by the private sector. Stating at the time that the investment would also be the key to the UK’s economic recovery over the following decade. In many areas, giving real savings, as the nation uses fewer resources and adopts cleaner, more-efficient technologies, like electric cars, to replace their fossil-fuelled predecessors. The CCC found that these savings substantially reduced the cost of net zero, compared with previous assessments: down to less than 1% of GDP throughout the next 30 years. Thanks, not only to the falling cost of offshore wind but also a range of new low cost, low-carbon solutions in every sector.
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	The new target became enshrined in law at end of June 2021, with legislation introduced to Parliament.		The new target became enshrined in law at end of June 2021, with legislation introduced to Parliament.

−	[[File:~~CCC sixth carbon budget graph 1000~~.jpg]]	+	[[File:CCC_sixth_carbon_budget_graph_1000.jpg\|link=File:CCC_sixth_carbon_budget_graph_1000.jpg]]

	= Recommendations =		= Recommendations =

Editor at 07:22, 30 March 2023

2023-03-30T07:22:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:22, 30 March 2023
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	A notable inclusion in the Sixth Carbon Budget was the UK’s share of international aviation and shipping emissions. Historically, the Government’s emissions reduction efforts only accounted for emissions on a “territorial” basis and therefore only included those within the UK’s borders, a decision that historically drew criticism from green groups.		A notable inclusion in the Sixth Carbon Budget was the UK’s share of international aviation and shipping emissions. Historically, the Government’s emissions reduction efforts only accounted for emissions on a “territorial” basis and therefore only included those within the UK’s borders, a decision that historically drew criticism from green groups.

−	The new target ~~will~~ became enshrined in law at end of June 2021, with legislation introduced to Parliament.	+	The new target became enshrined in law at end of June 2021, with legislation introduced to Parliament.
		+
		+	[[File:CCC sixth carbon budget graph 1000.jpg]]

	= Recommendations =		= Recommendations =

Editor at 20:14, 29 March 2023

2023-03-29T20:14:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:14, 29 March 2023
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−	[[File:~~CCC banner~~.jpg]]	+	[[File:CCC_banner.jpg\|link=File:CCC_banner.jpg]]
		+
		+	= Introduction =

	The sixth carbon budget is a requirement under the Climate Change Act, it provides ministers with advice on the volume of greenhouse gases that the UK can emit during the period 2033-2037. It was published in December 2020, by the Climate Change Committee (CCC) and at the time was described as the “toughest yet” because it advised that the UK needs to deliver a 78% reduction by 2035 if it is to meet its long-term net-zero commitment. The target under the original Climate Change Act of 2008 the UK wasan 80% reduction by 2050, this brings almost the same reduction forward by 15 years.		The sixth carbon budget is a requirement under the Climate Change Act, it provides ministers with advice on the volume of greenhouse gases that the UK can emit during the period 2033-2037. It was published in December 2020, by the Climate Change Committee (CCC) and at the time was described as the “toughest yet” because it advised that the UK needs to deliver a 78% reduction by 2035 if it is to meet its long-term net-zero commitment. The target under the original Climate Change Act of 2008 the UK wasan 80% reduction by 2050, this brings almost the same reduction forward by 15 years.

Editor at 18:58, 29 March 2023

2023-03-29T18:58:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:58, 29 March 2023
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		+	[[File:CCC banner.jpg]]
		+
	The sixth carbon budget is a requirement under the Climate Change Act, it provides ministers with advice on the volume of greenhouse gases that the UK can emit during the period 2033-2037. It was published in December 2020, by the Climate Change Committee (CCC) and at the time was described as the “toughest yet” because it advised that the UK needs to deliver a 78% reduction by 2035 if it is to meet its long-term net-zero commitment. The target under the original Climate Change Act of 2008 the UK wasan 80% reduction by 2050, this brings almost the same reduction forward by 15 years.		The sixth carbon budget is a requirement under the Climate Change Act, it provides ministers with advice on the volume of greenhouse gases that the UK can emit during the period 2033-2037. It was published in December 2020, by the Climate Change Committee (CCC) and at the time was described as the “toughest yet” because it advised that the UK needs to deliver a 78% reduction by 2035 if it is to meet its long-term net-zero commitment. The target under the original Climate Change Act of 2008 the UK wasan 80% reduction by 2050, this brings almost the same reduction forward by 15 years.

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	Land and greenhouse gas removals. There is a transformation in agriculture and the use of farmland while maintaining the same levels of food per head produced in 2020. By 2035, 460,000 hectares of new mixed woodland are planted to remove CO2 and deliver wider environmental benefits. 260,000 hectares of farmland shifts to producing energy crops. Woodland rises from 13% of UK land in 2020 to 15% by 2035 and 18% by 2050. Peatlands are widely restored and managed sustainably.		Land and greenhouse gas removals. There is a transformation in agriculture and the use of farmland while maintaining the same levels of food per head produced in 2020. By 2035, 460,000 hectares of new mixed woodland are planted to remove CO2 and deliver wider environmental benefits. 260,000 hectares of farmland shifts to producing energy crops. Woodland rises from 13% of UK land in 2020 to 15% by 2035 and 18% by 2050. Peatlands are widely restored and managed sustainably.

−	Prime Minister Boris ~~Johnson~~ said: “We want to continue to raise the bar on tackling climate change, and that’s why we’re setting the most ambitious target to cut emissions in the world.	+	= Comments =
		+
		+	Prime Minister Boris Johnsonat the time said: “We want to continue to raise the bar on tackling climate change, and that’s why we’re setting the most ambitious target to cut emissions in the world. The UK will be home to pioneering businesses, new technologies and green innovation as we make progress to net-zero emissions, laying the foundations for decades of economic growth in a way that creates thousands of jobs. We want to see world leaders follow our lead and match our ambition in the run-up to the crucial climate summit COP26, as we will only build back greener and protect our planet if we come together to take action.”
		+
		+	COP26 President-Designate Alok Sharma, said at the time: “This hugely positive step forward for the UK sets a gold standard for ambitious Paris-aligned action that I urge others to keep pace with ahead of COP26 in Glasgow later this year. We must collectively keep 1.5 degrees of warming in reach and the next decade is the most critical period for us to change the perilous course we are currently on. Long term targets must be backed up with credible delivery plans and setting this net-zero focused Sixth Carbon Budget builds on the world leading legal framework in our Climate Change Act. If we are to tackle the climate crisis and safeguard lives, livelihoods and nature for future generations, others must follow the UK’s example.”

−	“The UK will be home to pioneering businesses, new technologies and green innovation as we make progress to net-zero emissions, laying the foundations for decades of economic growth in a way that creates thousands of jobs.	+	= Delivery gap =

−	~~“We want to see world leaders follow our lead and match our ambition~~ in the ~~run-up to~~ the ~~crucial climate summit COP26, as we will only build back greener and protect our planet if we come together to take action~~.”	+	The impacts of the coronavirus pandemic delivered an estimated 10.7% reduction in carbon emissions in 2020, with total greenhouse gas emissions almost 50% lower than they were in 1990, the baseline year for the UK’s net-zero target.

−	~~Read more: Green groups react~~ to ~~Sixth Carbon Budget~~	+	Meeting the Budget’s requirements will require all new cars, vans and replacement boilers to be zero-carbon in operation by the early 2030s. UK electricity production must then reach net-zero by 2035, in line with the National Grid ESO’s vision, and the majority of existing UK homes will need to be retrofitted.

−	~~Delivery gap~~	+	The CCC based its calculations on a scenario in which 40% of the emissions reductions needed will be delivered using technology solutions. Delivering the remainder of the progress will require behaviour change including electric vehicle adoption and reducing demand for flights and red meat.

−	~~The impacts of the coronavirus pandemic delivered an~~ estimated 10.7% ~~reduction~~ in ~~carbon emissions~~ in ~~2020~~, ~~with total greenhouse gas emissions almost 50% lower~~ than ~~they were~~ in ~~1990~~, the ~~baseline year for the UK’s net-zero target~~. ~~As highlighted by CarbonBrief’s deputy editor Dr Simon Jones~~, ~~research suggests that emissions must now fall~~ by ~~a further 58% over a 15~~-~~year period to reach the new 2035 target~~.	+	It was estimated that delivering the UK’s 2050 net-zero target will cost between 0.5% and 1% of GDP. The CCC had previously forecast costs of between 1% and 2% of GDP but has adjusted calculations in light of cost reductions in sectors like offshore wind. Annually, the Government need to allocate £50bn more to decarbonisation each year by 2030 than it did in 2019, according to the CCC. But, by 2040, savings from fossil fuel allocations will overtake low-carbon costs.

−	~~Meeting the Budget’s requirements will require all new cars, vans and replacement boilers to be zero-~~carbon in operation by the early 2030s. UK electricity production must then reach net-zero by 2035, in line with the National Grid ESO’s vision, and the majority of existing UK homes will need to be retrofitted in some way also.	+	= Seveth carbon budget =

−	~~Looking to~~ the ~~latter half~~ of the ~~budget~~, ~~domestic low-carbon industries like nature restoration~~, ~~green hydrogen production~~ and ~~carbon capture~~, ~~utilisation~~ and ~~storage~~ (~~CCUS~~) ~~will be far larger~~.	+	The Sixth Carbon Budget Advice and the Third Climate Change Risk Assessment were the last major outputs of the CCC, published in 2021. 2023 is the midpoint of the cycle, where the CCC will define is hoped to be achieved, building a programme of research, engagement and analysis, towards the Seventh Carbon Budget (CB7) and the Fourth Climate Change Risk Assessment (CCRA4). The Seventh Carbon Budget takes the UK into the early 2040s, a period when it should have fully decarbonised some key UK sectors.

−	~~The CCC has based its calculations~~ on a scenario in which 40% of the emissions reductions needed will be delivered using pure-technology solutions. Delivering the remainder of the progress will require behaviour change including electric vehicle adoption and reducing demand for flights and red meat.	+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

−	~~Delivering the UK’s 2050~~ net-zero ~~target will cost between 0~~.5% and ~~1% of GDP~~. The ~~CCC had previously forecast costs of between 1%~~ and 2% of ~~GDP but has adjusted calculations in light of cost reductions in sectors like offshore wind~~.	+	* Achieving zero carbon.
		+	* Carbon emissions.
		+	* Carbon plan.
		+	* Climate.
		+	* Climate change science.
		+	* Climate Change Levy.
		+	* COP21 Paris 2015.
		+	* CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme.
		+	* Energy Act.
		+	* Emission rates.
		+	* Energy related products regulations.
		+	* Energy targets.
		+	* Government net zero review 2022.
		+	* Greenhouse gases.
		+	* Kyoto protocol.
		+	* LETI calls for responses to BEIS net zero review.
		+	* Net zero carbon 2050.
		+	* Net Zero Review underlines role for engineering services.
		+	* Net zero strategy: build back greener.
		+	* Sustainability.
		+	* The Edge policy proposals for the built and natural environment 2022.
		+	* The Low Carbon Transition Plan: National strategy for climate and energy.
		+	* The sustainability of construction works.
		+	* UK Climate Change Risk Assessment.

−	Annually, the Government will need to allocate £50bn more to decarbonisation each year by 2030 than it did in 2019, according to the CCC. But, by 2040, savings from fossil fuel allocations will overtake low-carbon costs.	+	= External references =

−	~~COP26 President-Designate Alok Sharma, said~~: ~~“This hugely positive step forward~~ for the ~~UK sets a gold standard for ambitious Paris~~-~~aligned action that I urge others to keep pace with ahead of COP26 in Glasgow later this year~~. ~~We must collectively keep 1~~.~~5 degrees of warming in reach and the next decade is the most critical period~~ for ~~us to change~~ the ~~perilous course we are currently on~~.	+	* [https://www.theccc.org.uk/2023/01/10/2023-gearing-up-for-the-next-cycle/ https://www.theccc.org.uk/2023/01/10/2023-gearing-up-for-the-next-cycle/]
		+	* [https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/sixth-carbon-budget/ https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/sixth-carbon-budget/]

−	“Long term targets must be backed up with credible delivery plans and setting this net-zero focused Sixth Carbon Budget builds on the world leading legal framework in our Climate Change Act. If we are to tackle the climate crisis and safeguard lives, ~~livelihoods and nature for future generations, others must follow the UK’s example.”~~	+	[[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]] [[Category:Standards_/_measurements]] [[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Taxation]]

Editor at 16:33, 29 March 2023

2023-03-29T16:33:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:33, 29 March 2023
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−	~~On 9 December 2020~~, the ~~CCC presented its detailed route map for a fully decarbonised nation. The Sixth Carbon Budget (~~2033-2037) ~~charts~~ the ~~decisive move to zero carbon for~~ the UK. The ~~CCC shows that polluting emissions must fall by almost~~ 80% by ~~2035~~, ~~compared to 1990 levels – a big step-up in ambition~~.	+	The sixth carbon budget is a requirement under the Climate Change Act, it provides ministers with advice on the volume of greenhouse gases that the UK can emit during the period 2033-2037. It was published in December 2020, by the Climate Change Committee (CCC) and at the time was described as the “toughest yet” because it advised that the UK needs to deliver a 78% reduction by 2035 if it is to meet its long-term net-zero commitment. The target under the original Climate Change Act of 2008 the UK wasan 80% reduction by 2050, this brings almost the same reduction forward by 15 years.

−	To deliver this, a major investment programme across the country ~~must be delivered~~, ~~in large measure~~ by the private sector. ~~That~~ investment ~~will~~ also be the key to the UK’s economic recovery in the ~~next~~ decade. In many areas, ~~this gives people~~ real savings, as the nation uses fewer resources and adopts cleaner, more-efficient technologies, like electric cars, to replace their fossil-fuelled predecessors. The CCC ~~finds~~ that these savings substantially ~~reduce~~ the cost of net zero compared with previous assessments: ~~now~~ down to less than 1% of GDP throughout the next 30 years. ~~This is thanks~~, not only to the falling cost of offshore wind but also a range of new low cost, low-carbon solutions in every sector.	+	At the time, to deliver this the CCC proposed a major investment programme across the country, largely by the private sector. Stating at the time that the investment would also be the key to the UK’s economic recovery over the following decade. In many areas, giving real savings, as the nation uses fewer resources and adopts cleaner, more-efficient technologies, like electric cars, to replace their fossil-fuelled predecessors. The CCC found that these savings substantially reduced the cost of net zero, compared with previous assessments: down to less than 1% of GDP throughout the next 30 years. Thanks, not only to the falling cost of offshore wind but also a range of new low cost, low-carbon solutions in every sector.

−	The Sixth Carbon Budget ~~can~~ be met through four key steps:	+	A notable inclusion in the Sixth Carbon Budget was the UK’s share of international aviation and shipping emissions. Historically, the Government’s emissions reduction efforts only accounted for emissions on a “territorial” basis and therefore only included those within the UK’s borders, a decision that historically drew criticism from green groups.
		+
		+	The new target will became enshrined in law at end of June 2021, with legislation introduced to Parliament.
		+
		+	= Recommendations =
		+
		+	Part of the Sixth Carbon Budget included recommendations of how it could be met through four key steps:
		+
		+	== Low-carbon solutions ==

	Take up of low-carbon solutions. People and businesses will choose to adopt low-carbon solutions, as high carbon options are progressively phased out. By the early 2030s all new cars and vans and all boiler replacements in homes and other buildings are low-carbon – largely electric. By 2040 all new trucks are low-carbon. UK industry shifts to using renewableelectricity or hydrogen instead of fossil fuels, or captures its carbon emissions, storing them safely under the sea.		Take up of low-carbon solutions. People and businesses will choose to adopt low-carbon solutions, as high carbon options are progressively phased out. By the early 2030s all new cars and vans and all boiler replacements in homes and other buildings are low-carbon – largely electric. By 2040 all new trucks are low-carbon. UK industry shifts to using renewableelectricity or hydrogen instead of fossil fuels, or captures its carbon emissions, storing them safely under the sea.
		+
		+	== Low-carbon energy supplies ==

	Expansion of low-carbon energy supplies. UK electricity production is zero carbon by 2035. Offshore wind becomes the backbone of the whole UK energy system, growing from the Prime Minister’s promised 40GW in 2030 to 100GW or more by 2050. New uses for this clean electricity are found in transport, heating and industry, pushing up electricity demand by a half over the next 15 years, and doubling or even trebling demand by 2050. Low-carbon hydrogen scales-up to be almost as large, in 2050, as electricity production is today. Hydrogen is used as a shipping and transport fuel and in industry, and potentially in some buildings, as a replacement for natural gas for heating.		Expansion of low-carbon energy supplies. UK electricity production is zero carbon by 2035. Offshore wind becomes the backbone of the whole UK energy system, growing from the Prime Minister’s promised 40GW in 2030 to 100GW or more by 2050. New uses for this clean electricity are found in transport, heating and industry, pushing up electricity demand by a half over the next 15 years, and doubling or even trebling demand by 2050. Low-carbon hydrogen scales-up to be almost as large, in 2050, as electricity production is today. Hydrogen is used as a shipping and transport fuel and in industry, and potentially in some buildings, as a replacement for natural gas for heating.
		+
		+	== Reducing demand ==

	Reducing demand for carbon-intensive activities. The UK wastes fewer resources and reduces its reliance on high-carbongoods. Buildings lose less energy through a national programme to improve insulation across the UK. Diets change, reducing our consumption of high-carbon meat and dairy products by 20% by 2030, with further reductions in later years. There are fewer car miles travelled and demand for flights grows more slowly. These changes bring striking positive benefits for health and well-being.		Reducing demand for carbon-intensive activities. The UK wastes fewer resources and reduces its reliance on high-carbongoods. Buildings lose less energy through a national programme to improve insulation across the UK. Diets change, reducing our consumption of high-carbon meat and dairy products by 20% by 2030, with further reductions in later years. There are fewer car miles travelled and demand for flights grows more slowly. These changes bring striking positive benefits for health and well-being.
		+
		+	== Land and greenhouse gas removal ==

	Land and greenhouse gas removals. There is a transformation in agriculture and the use of farmland while maintaining the same levels of food per head produced in 2020. By 2035, 460,000 hectares of new mixed woodland are planted to remove CO2 and deliver wider environmental benefits. 260,000 hectares of farmland shifts to producing energy crops. Woodland rises from 13% of UK land in 2020 to 15% by 2035 and 18% by 2050. Peatlands are widely restored and managed sustainably.		Land and greenhouse gas removals. There is a transformation in agriculture and the use of farmland while maintaining the same levels of food per head produced in 2020. By 2035, 460,000 hectares of new mixed woodland are planted to remove CO2 and deliver wider environmental benefits. 260,000 hectares of farmland shifts to producing energy crops. Woodland rises from 13% of UK land in 2020 to 15% by 2035 and 18% by 2050. Peatlands are widely restored and managed sustainably.
		+
		+	Prime Minister Boris Johnson said: “We want to continue to raise the bar on tackling climate change, and that’s why we’re setting the most ambitious target to cut emissions in the world.
		+
		+	“The UK will be home to pioneering businesses, new technologies and green innovation as we make progress to net-zero emissions, laying the foundations for decades of economic growth in a way that creates thousands of jobs.
		+
		+	“We want to see world leaders follow our lead and match our ambition in the run-up to the crucial climate summit COP26, as we will only build back greener and protect our planet if we come together to take action.”
		+
		+	Read more: Green groups react to Sixth Carbon Budget
		+
		+	Delivery gap
		+
		+	The impacts of the coronavirus pandemic delivered an estimated 10.7% reduction in carbon emissions in 2020, with total greenhouse gas emissions almost 50% lower than they were in 1990, the baseline year for the UK’s net-zero target. As highlighted by CarbonBrief’s deputy editor Dr Simon Jones, research suggests that emissions must now fall by a further 58% over a 15-year period to reach the new 2035 target.
		+
		+	Meeting the Budget’s requirements will require all new cars, vans and replacement boilers to be zero-carbon in operation by the early 2030s. UK electricity production must then reach net-zero by 2035, in line with the National Grid ESO’s vision, and the majority of existing UK homes will need to be retrofitted in some way also.
		+
		+	Looking to the latter half of the budget, domestic low-carbon industries like nature restoration, green hydrogen production and carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) will be far larger.
		+
		+	The CCC has based its calculations on a scenario in which 40% of the emissions reductions needed will be delivered using pure-technology solutions. Delivering the remainder of the progress will require behaviour change including electric vehicle adoption and reducing demand for flights and red meat.
		+
		+	Delivering the UK’s 2050 net-zero target will cost between 0.5% and 1% of GDP. The CCC had previously forecast costs of between 1% and 2% of GDP but has adjusted calculations in light of cost reductions in sectors like offshore wind.
		+
		+	Annually, the Government will need to allocate £50bn more to decarbonisation each year by 2030 than it did in 2019, according to the CCC. But, by 2040, savings from fossil fuel allocations will overtake low-carbon costs.
		+
		+	COP26 President-Designate Alok Sharma, said: “This hugely positive step forward for the UK sets a gold standard for ambitious Paris-aligned action that I urge others to keep pace with ahead of COP26 in Glasgow later this year. We must collectively keep 1.5 degrees of warming in reach and the next decade is the most critical period for us to change the perilous course we are currently on.
		+
		+	“Long term targets must be backed up with credible delivery plans and setting this net-zero focused Sixth Carbon Budget builds on the world leading legal framework in our Climate Change Act. If we are to tackle the climate crisis and safeguard lives, livelihoods and nature for future generations, others must follow the UK’s example.”

Editor at 16:19, 29 March 2023

2023-03-29T16:19:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:19, 29 March 2023
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	~~#Redirect~~:~~[[Climate_Change_Act#2020_progress_report\|Climate_Change_Act#~~2020 ~~progress report]]~~	+	On 9 December 2020, the CCC presented its detailed route map for a fully decarbonised nation. The Sixth Carbon Budget (2033-2037) charts the decisive move to zero carbon for the UK. The CCC shows that polluting emissions must fall by almost 80% by 2035, compared to 1990 levels – a big step-up in ambition.
		+
		+	To deliver this, a major investment programme across the country must be delivered, in large measure by the private sector. That investment will also be the key to the UK’s economic recovery in the next decade. In many areas, this gives people real savings, as the nation uses fewer resources and adopts cleaner, more-efficient technologies, like electric cars, to replace their fossil-fuelled predecessors. The CCC finds that these savings substantially reduce the cost of net zero compared with previous assessments: now down to less than 1% of GDP throughout the next 30 years. This is thanks, not only to the falling cost of offshore wind but also a range of new low cost, low-carbon solutions in every sector.
		+
		+	The Sixth Carbon Budget can be met through four key steps:
		+
		+	Take up of low-carbon solutions. People and businesses will choose to adopt low-carbon solutions, as high carbon options are progressively phased out. By the early 2030s all new cars and vans and all boiler replacements in homes and other buildings are low-carbon – largely electric. By 2040 all new trucks are low-carbon. UK industry shifts to using renewableelectricity or hydrogen instead of fossil fuels, or captures its carbon emissions, storing them safely under the sea.
		+
		+	Expansion of low-carbon energy supplies. UK electricity production is zero carbon by 2035. Offshore wind becomes the backbone of the whole UK energy system, growing from the Prime Minister’s promised 40GW in 2030 to 100GW or more by 2050. New uses for this clean electricity are found in transport, heating and industry, pushing up electricity demand by a half over the next 15 years, and doubling or even trebling demand by 2050. Low-carbon hydrogen scales-up to be almost as large, in 2050, as electricity production is today. Hydrogen is used as a shipping and transport fuel and in industry, and potentially in some buildings, as a replacement for natural gas for heating.
		+
		+	Reducing demand for carbon-intensive activities. The UK wastes fewer resources and reduces its reliance on high-carbongoods. Buildings lose less energy through a national programme to improve insulation across the UK. Diets change, reducing our consumption of high-carbon meat and dairy products by 20% by 2030, with further reductions in later years. There are fewer car miles travelled and demand for flights grows more slowly. These changes bring striking positive benefits for health and well-being.
		+
		+	Land and greenhouse gas removals. There is a transformation in agriculture and the use of farmland while maintaining the same levels of food per head produced in 2020. By 2035, 460,000 hectares of new mixed woodland are planted to remove CO2 and deliver wider environmental benefits. 260,000 hectares of farmland shifts to producing energy crops. Woodland rises from 13% of UK land in 2020 to 15% by 2035 and 18% by 2050. Peatlands are widely restored and managed sustainably.

Editor: Redirected page to Climate Change Act#2020 progress report

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Redirected page to Climate Change Act#2020 progress report

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	= Progress ? =		= Progress ? =

−	Carbon budgets are set by Parliament on the advice of the ~~Committee on~~ Climate Change Committee which is independent from Government. The budgets are set 12 years ahead of time to provide sufficient long-term guidance to investors.	+	Carbon budgets are set by Parliament on the advice of the Climate Change Committee which is independent from Government. The budgets are set 12 years ahead of time to provide sufficient long-term guidance to investors.

	So far, six carbon budgets have been set in law, covering the period from 2008 to 2032. The first three budgets (for 2008-23) were set in 2008 and the fourth (for 2023-27) in 2011. The fifth carbon budget was set in 2016. It limited UK greenhouse gas emissions from all sources, excluding international aviation and shipping, to 1,725 MtCO2 between 2028 and 2032. This is equivalent to a 57 per cent reduction in annual UK emissions over this period on average, relative to 1990.		So far, six carbon budgets have been set in law, covering the period from 2008 to 2032. The first three budgets (for 2008-23) were set in 2008 and the fourth (for 2023-27) in 2011. The fifth carbon budget was set in 2016. It limited UK greenhouse gas emissions from all sources, excluding international aviation and shipping, to 1,725 MtCO2 between 2028 and 2032. This is equivalent to a 57 per cent reduction in annual UK emissions over this period on average, relative to 1990.

−	The sixth budget (2033–37) was published in 2020, the first carbon budget set in line with a net zero target and one including aviation and shipping. The ~~Governments~~ progress in reducing GHG emissions in line with ~~the given~~ budgets are published yearly ~~progress reports, also covering adaptation~~.	+	The sixth budget (2033–37) was published in 2020, the first carbon budget set in line with a net zero target and one including aviation and shipping. The Government's progress in reducing GHG emissions in line with these budgets are published yearly.

−	Key highlights of ~~all~~ yearly reports can be found in the article Climate Change Committee progress reports.	+	Key highlights of the yearly reports can be found in the article Climate Change Committee progress reports.

	= Introduction =		= Introduction =

−	The sixth carbon budget is a requirement under the Climate Change Act, it provides ministers with advice on the volume of greenhouse gases that the UK can emit during the period 2033-2037. It was published in December 2020, by the Climate Change Committee (CCC) and at the time was described as the “toughest yet” because it advised that the UK needs to deliver a 78% reduction by 2035 if it is to meet its long-term net-zero commitment. The target under the original Climate Change Act of 2008 ~~the UK~~ was an 80% reduction by 2050, this brings almost the same reduction forward by 15 years.	+	The sixth carbon budget is a requirement under the Climate Change Act, it provides ministers with advice on the volume of greenhouse gases that the UK can emit during the period 2033-2037. It was published in December 2020, by the Climate Change Committee (CCC) and at the time was described as the “toughest yet” because it advised that the UK needs to deliver a 78% reduction by 2035 if it is to meet its long-term net-zero commitment. The target under the original Climate Change Act of 2008 was an 80% reduction by 2050, this brings almost the same reduction forward by 15 years.

−	At the time, to deliver this the CCC proposed a major investment programme across the country, largely by the private sector. Stating at the time that the investment would also be the key to the UK’s economic recovery over the following decade~~. In~~ many areas, giving real savings, as the nation uses fewer resources and adopts cleaner, more-efficient technologies, like electric cars, to replace their fossil-fuelled predecessors. The CCC found that these savings substantially reduced the cost of net zero, compared with previous assessments: down to less than 1% of GDP throughout the next 30 years~~. Thanks~~, not only to the falling cost of offshore wind but also a range of new low cost, low-carbon solutions in every sector.	+	At the time, to deliver this the CCC proposed a major investment programme across the country, largely by the private sector. Stating at the time that the investment would also be the key to the UK’s economic recovery over the following decade, in many areas, giving real savings, as the nation uses fewer resources and adopts cleaner, more-efficient technologies, like electric cars, to replace their fossil-fuelled predecessors. The CCC found that these savings substantially reduced the cost of net zero, compared with previous assessments: down to less than 1% of GDP throughout the next 30 years, thanks, not only to the falling cost of offshore wind but also a range of new low cost, low-carbon solutions in every sector.

	A notable inclusion in the Sixth Carbon Budget was the UK’s share of international aviation and shipping emissions. Historically, the Government’s emissions reduction efforts only accounted for emissions on a “territorial” basis and therefore only included those within the UK’s borders, a decision that historically drew criticism from green groups.		A notable inclusion in the Sixth Carbon Budget was the UK’s share of international aviation and shipping emissions. Historically, the Government’s emissions reduction efforts only accounted for emissions on a “territorial” basis and therefore only included those within the UK’s borders, a decision that historically drew criticism from green groups.
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	= Recommendations =		= Recommendations =

−	~~Part of the~~ Sixth Carbon Budget included recommendations of how it could be met through four key steps:	+	The Sixth Carbon Budget included recommendations for how it could be met through four key steps:

	== Low-carbon solutions ==		== Low-carbon solutions ==

−	~~Take up of low-carbon solutions.~~ People and businesses will choose to adopt low-carbon solutions, as high carbon options are progressively phased out. By the early 2030s all new cars and vans and all boiler replacements in homes and other buildings are low-carbon – largely electric. By 2040 all new trucks are low-carbon. UK industry shifts to using ~~renewableelectricity~~ or hydrogen instead of fossil fuels, or captures its carbon emissions, storing them safely under the sea.	+	People and businesses will choose to adopt low-carbon solutions, as high carbon options are progressively phased out. By the early 2030s all new cars and vans and all boiler replacements in homes and other buildings are low-carbon – largely electric. By 2040 all new trucks are low-carbon. UK industry shifts to using renewable electricity or hydrogen instead of fossil fuels, or captures its carbon emissions, storing them safely under the sea.

	== Low-carbon energy supplies ==		== Low-carbon energy supplies ==

−	~~Expansion of low-carbon energy supplies.~~ UK electricity production is zero carbon by 2035. Offshore wind becomes the backbone of the whole UK energy system, growing from the Prime Minister’s promised 40GW in 2030 to 100GW or more by 2050. New uses for this clean electricity are found in transport, heating and industry, pushing up electricity demand by a half over the next 15 years, and doubling or even trebling demand by 2050. Low-carbon hydrogen scales-up to be almost as large, in 2050, as electricity production is today. Hydrogen is used as a shipping and transport fuel and in industry, and potentially in some buildings, as a replacement for natural gas for heating.	+	UK electricity production is zero carbon by 2035. Offshore wind becomes the backbone of the whole UK energy system, growing from the Prime Minister’s promised 40GW in 2030 to 100GW or more by 2050. New uses for this clean electricity are found in transport, heating and industry, pushing up electricity demand by a half over the next 15 years, and doubling or even trebling demand by 2050. Low-carbon hydrogen scales-up to be almost as large, in 2050, as electricity production is today. Hydrogen is used as a shipping and transport fuel and in industry, and potentially in some buildings, as a replacement for natural gas for heating.

	== Reducing demand ==		== Reducing demand ==

−	~~Reducing demand for carbon-intensive activities.~~ The UK wastes fewer resources and reduces its reliance on high-~~carbongoods~~. Buildings lose less energy through a national programme to improve insulation across the UK. Diets change, reducing our consumption of high-carbon meat and dairy products by 20% by 2030, with further reductions in later years. There are fewer car miles travelled and demand for flights grows more slowly. These changes bring striking positive benefits for health and well-being.	+	The UK wastes fewer resources and reduces its reliance on high-carbon goods. Buildings lose less energy through a national programme to improve insulation across the UK. Diets change, reducing our consumption of high-carbon meat and dairy products by 20% by 2030, with further reductions in later years. There are fewer car miles travelled and demand for flights grows more slowly. These changes bring striking positive benefits for health and well-being.

	== Land and greenhouse gas removal ==		== Land and greenhouse gas removal ==

−	~~Land and greenhouse gas removals.~~ There is a transformation in agriculture and the use of farmland while maintaining the same levels of food per head produced in 2020. By 2035, 460,000 hectares of new mixed woodland are planted to remove CO2 and deliver wider environmental benefits. 260,000 hectares of farmland shifts to producing energy crops. Woodland rises from 13% of UK land in 2020 to 15% by 2035 and 18% by 2050. Peatlands are widely restored and managed sustainably.	+	There is a transformation in agriculture and the use of farmland while maintaining the same levels of food per head produced in 2020. By 2035, 460,000 hectares of new mixed woodland are planted to remove CO2 and deliver wider environmental benefits. 260,000 hectares of farmland shifts to producing energy crops. Woodland rises from 13% of UK land in 2020 to 15% by 2035 and 18% by 2050. Peatlands are widely restored and managed sustainably.

	= Comments =		= Comments =
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	The CCC based its calculations on a scenario in which 40% of the emissions reductions needed will be delivered using technology solutions. Delivering the remainder of the progress will require behaviour change including electric vehicle adoption and reducing demand for flights and red meat.		The CCC based its calculations on a scenario in which 40% of the emissions reductions needed will be delivered using technology solutions. Delivering the remainder of the progress will require behaviour change including electric vehicle adoption and reducing demand for flights and red meat.

−	It was estimated that delivering the UK’s 2050 net-zero target will cost between 0.5% and 1% of GDP. The CCC had previously forecast costs of between 1% and 2% of GDP but has adjusted calculations in light of cost reductions in sectors like offshore wind. Annually, the Government ~~need~~ to allocate £50bn more to decarbonisation each year by 2030 than it did in 2019~~, according to the CCC~~. But, by 2040, savings from fossil fuel allocations will overtake low-carbon costs.	+	It was estimated that delivering the UK’s 2050 net-zero target will cost between 0.5% and 1% of GDP. The CCC had previously forecast costs of between 1% and 2% of GDP but has adjusted calculations in light of cost reductions in sectors like offshore wind. Annually, the Government needs to allocate £50bn more to decarbonisation each year by 2030 than it did in 2019. But, by 2040, savings from fossil fuel allocations will overtake low-carbon costs.

	= Seveth carbon budget =		= Seveth carbon budget =

−	The Sixth Carbon Budget Advice and the Third Climate Change Risk Assessment were the last major outputs of the CCC, published in 2021. 2023 is the midpoint of the cycle, where the CCC will define is hoped to be achieved, building a programme of research, engagement and analysis, towards the Seventh Carbon Budget (CB7) and the Fourth Climate Change Risk Assessment (CCRA4). The Seventh Carbon Budget takes the UK into the early 2040s, a period when it should have fully decarbonised some key UK sectors.	+	The Sixth Carbon Budget Advice and the Third Climate Change Risk Assessment were the last major outputs of the CCC, published in 2021. 2023 is the midpoint of the cycle, where the CCC will define what is hoped to be achieved, building a programme of research, engagement and analysis, towards the Seventh Carbon Budget (CB7) and the Fourth Climate Change Risk Assessment (CCRA4). The Seventh Carbon Budget takes the UK into the early 2040s, a period when it should have fully decarbonised some key UK sectors.

	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =		= Related articles on Designing Buildings =