Shell construction technologies - Revision history

Designing Buildings at 07:35, 1 March 2021

2021-03-01T07:35:52Z

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	* Vault.		* Vault.

−	[[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]] [[Category:Design]]	+	[[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]] [[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:Design]]

Designing Buildings: moved Shell Construction Technologies to Shell construction technologies

2020-03-03T07:15:29Z

moved Shell Construction Technologies to Shell construction technologies

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Revision as of 07:15, 3 March 2020

Designing Buildings at 07:15, 3 March 2020

2020-03-03T07:15:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:15, 3 March 2020
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		+	To help develop this article, click 'Edit this article' above. For more information see: Shell roof.
		+
	[[File:V1.jpg\|800px\|link=File:V1.jpg]]		[[File:V1.jpg\|800px\|link=File:V1.jpg]]

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	= Concrete shell =		= Concrete shell =

−	Modern thin concrete shells derive from the ancestry Roman vaults. Concrete has ~~more~~ advantages as compared to masonry shells. Concrete is a ~~man-made stone~~ that acts well in large scale works. It ~~is an upgrade masonry material that bears~~ compressive and shear forces ~~more~~ times greater than brick and stone masonry. Concrete ~~find much application~~ in ~~the~~ thinner and larger structures. The smoothness and homogeneity of concrete make it monolithic material ~~better than defragmented masonry mass~~. Concrete can ~~easily~~ carry tension, compression, shear, bending, and torsion as compared to brick or stone masonry.	+	Modern thin concrete shells derive from the ancestry Roman vaults. Concrete has some advantages compared to masonry shells. Concrete is a manufactured material that acts well in large scale works. It can bear compressive and shear forces many times greater than brick and stone masonry. Concrete finds applications in thinner and larger structures. The smoothness and homogeneity of concrete make it a monolithic material. Concrete can carry tension, compression, shear, bending, and torsion as compared to brick or stone masonry.

−	~~Thin concrete shells are thicker than membranes for compression and thinner than slab for bending, the invention~~ of cement, aggregate and reinforced concrete has made possible construction of thin shells.	+	The development of cement, aggregate and reinforced concrete has made possible the construction of thin shells.

−	~~Selected shapes of~~ shells	+	== Barrel shells ==

−	Barrel shells	+	Barrel shells are one-way arched 'slabs' spanning between two parallel longitudinal supports. There are long barrels and short barrels. Long barrels behave like a beam, while for short barrel shells the top surfaces act like a series of adjacent arches.

−	Are derived as one-way arched slab spanning between two parallel longitudinal supports. There is a long barrel and short barrel. Long barrels behave like a beam, while for short barrel shells the top surfaces act like series of adjacent arches.	+	== Conoidal shells ==
−		+
−	Conoidal shells	+

	Conoidal refers to a geometric shell formed by rotating a parabola, ellipse or hyperbola about one axis. Conoids consist of two directrix and two straight line generatrices.		Conoidal refers to a geometric shell formed by rotating a parabola, ellipse or hyperbola about one axis. Conoids consist of two directrix and two straight line generatrices.

−	Cantilevered ~~Shells~~	+	== Cantilevered shells ==
		+
		+	These are shells that project outward from key points of support. Cantilevered thin shell structures create a sense of an illusion of floating. Just like a cantilevered beam, a cross-section of thin cantilevered shell displays zones with compression and tensile stresses which are transferred to supports by reinforcements and concrete masses.
		+
		+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =

−	~~These are shells that project outward from key points of support, depicting an effect of lightness~~. ~~Cantilevered thin~~ shell ~~structures create a sense of an illusion of loftiness capable of developing a sense of wonder~~ and ~~admiration~~. ~~Just like a cantilevered beam, a cross-section~~ of ~~thin cantilevered shell displays zones with compression and tensile stresses which are transferred to supports by reinforcements and concrete masses~~.	+	* Arches.
		+	* Barrel vault.
		+	* Cantilever.
		+	* Conoid shell.
		+	* Folded plate construction.
		+	* Hyperbolic paraboloid.
		+	* Pendentive dome.
		+	* Shell roof.
		+	* Shell and core.
		+	* Sydney Opera House.
		+	* Types of dome.
		+	* Types of roof.
		+	* Vault.

−	[[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]]	+	[[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]] [[Category:Design]]

Designing Buildings at 07:08, 3 March 2020

2020-03-03T07:08:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:08, 3 March 2020
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−	[[File:V1.jpg\|800px]]	+	[[File:V1.jpg\|800px\|link=File:V1.jpg]]

−	~~INTRODUCTION~~	+	= Introduction =

−	Shell design and construction technologies have been developing over time from stone masonry domes to brick, concrete, steel and then timber ~~domes~~.	+	Shell design and construction technologies have been developing over time from stone masonry domes to brick, concrete, steel and then timber.

−	Shells are structures enclosing buildings with smooth continuous surfaces (vaults and domes). There are shallow and deep shells. ~~Upperparts~~ develop compression and the lower parts ~~of shells~~ develop tension~~. At the bottom of the shells there is tension regardless of whether the structure is deep of shallow~~.	+	Shells are structures enclosing buildings with smooth continuous surfaces (such as vaults and domes). There are shallow and deep shells. Typically, upper parts develop compression and the lower parts develop tension.

−	Shells are usually built with increasing thickness from the crown towards the base. This is due to the thrust force that becomes larger ~~toward~~ the base. However, there are internal stresses that are created due to this increase in thickness.	+	Shells are usually built with increasing thickness from the crown towards the base. This is due to the thrust force that becomes larger towards the base. However, there are internal stresses that are created due to this increase in thickness.

−	~~Stone~~ Masonry ~~Shell~~	+	= Masonry shell =

−	~~Stonemasonry is useful for large scale applications and major architectural expressions.~~ The principal components of masonry are ~~stone~~ elements and mortar embedment. ~~Stone~~ elements include naturally available stones, dressed stones from quarries, made-up bricks of sun dried clay and burnt bricks in kilns. Mortar in ~~stone~~ masonry has developed from primitive mud, natural bitumen, a mixture of lime and sand~~. And the Roman technology of placing pozzolana in place of sand~~.	+	The principal components of masonry are the masonry elements and mortar embedment. Masonry elements include naturally available stones, dressed stones from quarries, made-up bricks of sun dried clay and burnt bricks in kilns. Mortar in masonry has developed from primitive mud, natural bitumen to a mixture of lime and sand and cement mortar.

−	Different structural and architectural ~~form~~ have been developed from these simple building materials	+	Different structural and architectural forms have been developed from these simple building materials. The combinations were used to bring about a variety of geometric forms and patterns.

−	~~However, there are various techniques in which, You mix stone and brick, and sometimes stone alone or brick alone, the combinations were used to bring about a variety of geometric patterns, in~~ a structural point of view masonry is ~~view as~~ a homogenous material. The strength of the masonry ~~lies in~~ its weakest joints. Its load-carrying capacity depends on the mortar strength. The allowed stresses in masonry are ~~categorized~~ into compressive axial, compressive flexural, tensile flexural and shear.	+	From a structural point of view masonry is a homogenous material. The strength of the masonry is limited by its weakest joints. Its load-carrying capacity largely depends on the mortar strength. The allowed stresses in masonry are categorised into compressive axial, compressive flexural, tensile flexural and shear.

−	Concrete ~~Shell~~	+	= Concrete shell =

−	Modern thin concrete shells ~~are the result of~~ the ancestry Roman vaults. Concrete has more advantages as compared to masonry shells. Concrete is a man-made stone that acts well in large scale works. It is an upgrade masonry material that bears compressive and shear forces more times greater than brick and stone masonry. Concrete find much application in the thinner and larger structures. The smoothness and homogeneity of concrete make it monolithic material better than defragmented masonry mass. Concrete can easily carry tension, compression, shear, bending, and torsion as compared to brick or stone masonry.	+	Modern thin concrete shells derive from the ancestry Roman vaults. Concrete has more advantages as compared to masonry shells. Concrete is a man-made stone that acts well in large scale works. It is an upgrade masonry material that bears compressive and shear forces more times greater than brick and stone masonry. Concrete find much application in the thinner and larger structures. The smoothness and homogeneity of concrete make it monolithic material better than defragmented masonry mass. Concrete can easily carry tension, compression, shear, bending, and torsion as compared to brick or stone masonry.

	Thin concrete shells are thicker than membranes for compression and thinner than slab for bending, the invention of cement, aggregate and reinforced concrete has made possible construction of thin shells.		Thin concrete shells are thicker than membranes for compression and thinner than slab for bending, the invention of cement, aggregate and reinforced concrete has made possible construction of thin shells.

Yoktani: Created page with "800px INTRODUCTION Shell design and construction technologies have been developing over time from stone masonry domes to brick, concrete, steel and then timber ..."

2019-11-11T02:41:46Z

Created page with "800px INTRODUCTION Shell design and construction technologies have been developing over time from stone masonry domes to brick, concrete, steel and then timber ..."

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[[File:V1.jpg|800px]]

INTRODUCTION

Shell design and construction technologies have been developing over time from stone masonry domes to brick, concrete, steel and then timber domes.

Shells are structures enclosing buildings with smooth continuous surfaces (vaults and domes). There are shallow and deep shells. Upperparts develop compression and the lower parts of shells develop tension. At the bottom of the shells there is tension regardless of whether the structure is deep of shallow.

Shells are usually built with increasing thickness from the crown towards the base. This is due to the thrust force that becomes larger toward the base. However, there are internal stresses that are created due to this increase in thickness.

Stone Masonry Shell

Stonemasonry is useful for large scale applications and major architectural expressions. The principal components of masonry are stone elements and mortar embedment. Stone elements include naturally available stones, dressed stones from quarries, made-up bricks of sun dried clay and burnt bricks in kilns. Mortar in stone masonry has developed from primitive mud, natural bitumen, a mixture of lime and sand. And the Roman technology of placing pozzolana in place of sand.

Different structural and architectural form have been developed from these simple building materials

However, there are various techniques in which, You mix stone and brick, and sometimes stone alone or brick alone, the combinations were used to bring about a variety of geometric patterns, in a structural point of view masonry is view as a homogenous material. The strength of the masonry lies in its weakest joints. Its load-carrying capacity depends on the mortar strength. The allowed stresses in masonry are categorized into compressive axial, compressive flexural, tensile flexural and shear.

Concrete Shell

Modern thin concrete shells are the result of the ancestry Roman vaults. Concrete has more advantages as compared to masonry shells. Concrete is a man-made stone that acts well in large scale works. It is an upgrade masonry material that bears compressive and shear forces more times greater than brick and stone masonry. Concrete find much application in the thinner and larger structures. The smoothness and homogeneity of concrete make it monolithic material better than defragmented masonry mass. Concrete can easily carry tension, compression, shear, bending, and torsion as compared to brick or stone masonry.

Thin concrete shells are thicker than membranes for compression and thinner than slab for bending, the invention of cement, aggregate and reinforced concrete has made possible construction of thin shells.

Selected shapes of shells

Barrel shells

Are derived as one-way arched slab spanning between two parallel longitudinal supports. There is a long barrel and short barrel. Long barrels behave like a beam, while for short barrel shells the top surfaces act like series of adjacent arches.

Conoidal shells

Conoidal refers to a geometric shell formed by rotating a parabola, ellipse or hyperbola about one axis. Conoids consist of two directrix and two straight line generatrices.

Cantilevered Shells

These are shells that project outward from key points of support, depicting an effect of lightness. Cantilevered thin shell structures create a sense of an illusion of loftiness capable of developing a sense of wonder and admiration. Just like a cantilevered beam, a cross-section of thin cantilevered shell displays zones with compression and tensile stresses which are transferred to supports by reinforcements and concrete masses.

[[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]]