Refrigerants in buildings - Revision history

Editor at 14:53, 16 January 2024

2024-01-16T14:53:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:53, 16 January 2024
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	Fluorinated gases (F gases) are not ozone depleting and they are often used as substitutes for CFCs and HCFCs. However they are powerful greenhouse gases (up to 20,000 times more powerful than CO2) and are listed as part of the Kyoto Protocol basket of greenhouse gases. As emissions of F gases increase, so their use is coming under greater scrutiny.		Fluorinated gases (F gases) are not ozone depleting and they are often used as substitutes for CFCs and HCFCs. However they are powerful greenhouse gases (up to 20,000 times more powerful than CO2) and are listed as part of the Kyoto Protocol basket of greenhouse gases. As emissions of F gases increase, so their use is coming under greater scrutiny.

−	Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are F gases. HFCs are commonly used in buildings and include refrigerants such as R134a, R404A, R407C ~~and~~ R507C.	+	Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are F gases. HFCs are commonly used in buildings and include refrigerants such as R134a, R404A, R407C, R507C and R-410A. R-410A is also member of the HFC class and composed of equally of and R-125.R32 is a HFC refrigerant, used as a replacement for R410A

	Other F gases include perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).		Other F gases include perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).
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	* Ammonia (R717). A so-called ‘natural’ refrigerant, commonly used in absorption refrigeration. Ammonia is not an ozone depleting gas or a global warming gas. However it is flammable and toxic so additional precautions are necessary in design and use.		* Ammonia (R717). A so-called ‘natural’ refrigerant, commonly used in absorption refrigeration. Ammonia is not an ozone depleting gas or a global warming gas. However it is flammable and toxic so additional precautions are necessary in design and use.
−	* Non-halogenated hydrocarbons such as propane ~~and butane~~ (~~such as~~ R290, R600a and R1270). These are ‘natural’ and not ozone depleting but do have some global warming potential and are flammable, so additional precautions are necessary in design and use.	+	* Non-halogenated hydrocarbons such as propane (R290), isobutane (R600a) and propylene (R1270). These are ‘natural’ and not ozone depleting but do have some global warming potential and are flammable, so additional precautions are necessary in design and use.
	* Carbon dioxide (R744). This is ‘natural’ and not ozone depleting but does have some global warming potential.		* Carbon dioxide (R744). This is ‘natural’ and not ozone depleting but does have some global warming potential.
	* Hydrofluoro olefin (HFO) is a refrigerant but is most commonly used in automotive air conditioning systems.		* Hydrofluoro olefin (HFO) is a refrigerant but is most commonly used in automotive air conditioning systems.
	* Water and air.		* Water and air.
		+	*

	= Leakage =		= Leakage =

Designing Buildings at 10:57, 14 March 2023

2023-03-14T10:57:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:57, 14 March 2023
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	= External references =		= External references =

−	* ~~[https://www.gov.uk/managing-fluorinated-gases-and-ozone-depleting-substances~~ Gov.uk Managing fluorinated gases and ozone-depleting substances]. 2013	+	* Gov.uk Managing fluorinated gases and ozone-depleting substances. 2013
−	* ~~[http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/f-gas/index_en.htm~~ European Commission, Fluorinated greenhouse gases].	+	* European Commission, Fluorinated greenhouse gases.
	* Star refrigeration, Use of hydrocarbon refrigerants.		* Star refrigeration, Use of hydrocarbon refrigerants.

	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Legislation]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:DCN_Regulation]] [[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]		[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Legislation]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:DCN_Regulation]] [[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Editor at 04:57, 18 April 2022

2022-04-18T04:57:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:57, 18 April 2022
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	* R404A phase out.		* R404A phase out.
	* Refrigerant selection.		* Refrigerant selection.
		+	* Refrigerants in building services guide TG 21/2022.
	* US among top 2020 global variable refrigerant flow markets.		* US among top 2020 global variable refrigerant flow markets.
	* Variable refrigerant flow.		* Variable refrigerant flow.

Editor at 18:43, 25 January 2022

2022-01-25T18:43:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:43, 25 January 2022
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	From January 1st 2015 the use of HCFCs was prohibited in any form, even for maintenance.		From January 1st 2015 the use of HCFCs was prohibited in any form, even for maintenance.
		+
		+	For morn information, see Hydrochlorofluorocarbons HCFCs.

	Refrigerants such as HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons) can often by used as drop-in replacements for HCFCs however they can lead to a drop in efficiency and so may need to be supplemented with additional compressor and/or heat exchanger capacity. Badly maintained equipment or old HCFC systems may not lend themselves to conversion and could need complete replacement		Refrigerants such as HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons) can often by used as drop-in replacements for HCFCs however they can lead to a drop in efficiency and so may need to be supplemented with additional compressor and/or heat exchanger capacity. Badly maintained equipment or old HCFC systems may not lend themselves to conversion and could need complete replacement
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	* Greenhouse gas.		* Greenhouse gas.
	* HVAC.		* HVAC.
		+	* Hydrochlorofluorocarbons HCFCs.
	* Latent heat.		* Latent heat.
	* Leaks in buildings.		* Leaks in buildings.

Editor at 18:34, 17 December 2021

2021-12-17T18:34:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:34, 17 December 2021
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	Some refrigerants have both ozone depletion potential (ODP) and global warming potential (GWP), and as a consequence refrigerants such as CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) are banned.		Some refrigerants have both ozone depletion potential (ODP) and global warming potential (GWP), and as a consequence refrigerants such as CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) are banned.
		+
		+	For more information, see Chlorofluorocarbons CFCs.

	New equipment using HCFCs (hydrochlorofluorocarbons such as R22 and R408A) was banned in 2001 (2004 for small systems), and the use of virgin HCFCs was banned in 2010, when it also became illegal to manufacture HCFC refrigerants or for suppliers to keep them in stock.		New equipment using HCFCs (hydrochlorofluorocarbons such as R22 and R408A) was banned in 2001 (2004 for small systems), and the use of virgin HCFCs was banned in 2010, when it also became illegal to manufacture HCFC refrigerants or for suppliers to keep them in stock.
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	It should be noted that refrigerants only have a global warming effect if they are allowed to leak to the atmosphere. This is more likely in ‘engineered’ systems than modular systems that have been hermetically sealed in the factory. Careful design, installation and maintenance can also help reduce leakage, and diagnostic and prognostic monitoring systems are available that can help detect or even predict leaks.		It should be noted that refrigerants only have a global warming effect if they are allowed to leak to the atmosphere. This is more likely in ‘engineered’ systems than modular systems that have been hermetically sealed in the factory. Careful design, installation and maintenance can also help reduce leakage, and diagnostic and prognostic monitoring systems are available that can help detect or even predict leaks.

−	= Related articles on Designing Buildings ~~Wiki~~ =	+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

	* Absorption refrigeration.		* Absorption refrigeration.
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	* Chiller unit.		* Chiller unit.
	* Chilled water.		* Chilled water.
		+	* Chlorofluorocarbons CFCs.
	* Complex system.		* Complex system.
	* Cooling systems for buildings.		* Cooling systems for buildings.

Editor at 10:44, 3 August 2021

2021-08-03T10:44:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:44, 3 August 2021
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	* R22 phase out.		* R22 phase out.
	* R404A phase out.		* R404A phase out.
−	* Refrigeration market in Saudi Arabia
	* Refrigerant selection.		* Refrigerant selection.
		+	* US among top 2020 global variable refrigerant flow markets.
	* Variable refrigerant flow.		* Variable refrigerant flow.

Editor at 19:39, 4 March 2021

2021-03-04T19:39:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:39, 4 March 2021
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	* Phase change.		* Phase change.
	* R22 phase out.		* R22 phase out.
		+	* R404A phase out.
	* Refrigeration market in Saudi Arabia		* Refrigeration market in Saudi Arabia
	* Refrigerant selection.		* Refrigerant selection.

Editor at 12:51, 4 March 2021

2021-03-04T12:51:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:51, 4 March 2021
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	The exact opposite of the refrigeration process can be achieved by heat pumps, which use refrigerants, but reverse the cycle so that heat is supplied to the building rather than cooling. Some systems are reversible, able to supple either heat or cooling.		The exact opposite of the refrigeration process can be achieved by heat pumps, which use refrigerants, but reverse the cycle so that heat is supplied to the building rather than cooling. Some systems are reversible, able to supple either heat or cooling.

−	= ~~CFC’s~~ and ~~HCFC’s~~ =	+	= CFCs and HCFCs =

−	Some refrigerants have both ozone depletion potential (ODP) and global warming potential (GWP), and as a consequence refrigerants such as ~~CFC’s~~ (chlorofluorocarbons) are banned.	+	Some refrigerants have both ozone depletion potential (ODP) and global warming potential (GWP), and as a consequence refrigerants such as CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) are banned.

−	New equipment using HCFCs (hydrochlorofluorocarbons such as R22 and R408A) was banned in 2001 (2004 for small systems), and the use of virgin ~~HCFC's~~ was banned in 2010, when it also became illegal to manufacture HCFC refrigerants or for suppliers to keep them in stock.	+	New equipment using HCFCs (hydrochlorofluorocarbons such as R22 and R408A) was banned in 2001 (2004 for small systems), and the use of virgin HCFCs was banned in 2010, when it also became illegal to manufacture HCFC refrigerants or for suppliers to keep them in stock.

−	From January 1st 2015 the use of ~~HCFC’s~~ was prohibited in any form, even for maintenance.	+	From January 1st 2015 the use of HCFCs was prohibited in any form, even for maintenance.

−	Refrigerants such as ~~HFC's~~ (hydrofluorocarbons) can often by used as drop-in replacements for ~~HCFC’s~~ however they can lead to a drop in efficiency and so may need to be supplemented with additional compressor and/or heat exchanger capacity. Badly maintained equipment or old HCFC systems may not lend themselves to conversion and could need complete replacement	+	Refrigerants such as HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons) can often by used as drop-in replacements for HCFCs however they can lead to a drop in efficiency and so may need to be supplemented with additional compressor and/or heat exchanger capacity. Badly maintained equipment or old HCFC systems may not lend themselves to conversion and could need complete replacement

	= F gases =		= F gases =

−	Fluorinated gases (F gases) are not ozone depleting and they are often used as substitutes for ~~CFC’s~~ and ~~HCFC’s~~. However they are powerful greenhouse gases (up to 20,000 times more powerful than CO2) and are listed as part of the Kyoto Protocol basket of greenhouse gases. As emissions of F gases increase, so their use is coming under greater scrutiny.	+	Fluorinated gases (F gases) are not ozone depleting and they are often used as substitutes for CFCs and HCFCs. However they are powerful greenhouse gases (up to 20,000 times more powerful than CO2) and are listed as part of the Kyoto Protocol basket of greenhouse gases. As emissions of F gases increase, so their use is coming under greater scrutiny.

−	Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are F gases. ~~HFC’s~~ are commonly used in buildings and include refrigerants such as R134a, R404A, R407C and R507C.	+	Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are F gases. HFCs are commonly used in buildings and include refrigerants such as R134a, R404A, R407C and R507C.

	Other F gases include perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).		Other F gases include perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).

−	On 15 October 2016 it was announced that 170 countries in Kigali, Rwanda, had agreed that all ~~HFC’s~~ should be phased out through an amendment to the Montreal Protocol. See HFC phase out for more information.	+	On 15 October 2016 it was announced that 170 countries in Kigali, Rwanda, had agreed that all HFCs should be phased out through an amendment to the Montreal Protocol. See HFC phase out for more information.

	= Alternatives =		= Alternatives =
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	* Compression refrigeration.		* Compression refrigeration.
	* Constant air volume.		* Constant air volume.
		+	* EMEA compressor market 2020 - 2023.
	* Evaporative cooling.		* Evaporative cooling.
	* Fan coil unit.		* Fan coil unit.

Designing Buildings at 09:25, 2 October 2020

2020-10-02T09:25:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:25, 2 October 2020
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	* Star refrigeration, Use of hydrocarbon refrigerants.		* Star refrigeration, Use of hydrocarbon refrigerants.

−	[[Category:~~Sustainability~~]] [[Category:~~Products_/_components~~]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]]	+	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Legislation]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:DCN_Regulation]] [[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Designing Buildings at 11:15, 8 July 2020

2020-07-08T11:15:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:15, 8 July 2020
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	* [https://www.gov.uk/managing-fluorinated-gases-and-ozone-depleting-substances Gov.uk Managing fluorinated gases and ozone-depleting substances]. 2013		* [https://www.gov.uk/managing-fluorinated-gases-and-ozone-depleting-substances Gov.uk Managing fluorinated gases and ozone-depleting substances]. 2013
	* [http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/f-gas/index_en.htm European Commission, Fluorinated greenhouse gases].		* [http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/f-gas/index_en.htm European Commission, Fluorinated greenhouse gases].
−	* ~~[http://www.star-ref.co.uk/star/images/stories/pdf/Use%20of%20hydrocarbon%20refrigerants,%20SFP.pdf~~ Star refrigeration, Use of hydrocarbon refrigerants].	+	* Star refrigeration, Use of hydrocarbon refrigerants.

−	[[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]	+	[[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Products_/_components]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]]