Quality in the Nuclear sector - Revision history

ConSIG CWG at 09:46, 12 March 2024

2024-03-12T09:46:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:46, 12 March 2024
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	* Gov.uk (2022). Guidance. National security vetting: clearance levels. [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/united-kingdom-security-vetting-clearance-levels/national-security-vetting-clearance-levels?msclkid=3c414fd0af5411ec9720442695b40184 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/united-kingdom-security-vetting-clearance-levels/national-security-vetting-clearance-levels?msclkid=3c414fd0af5411ec9720442695b40184]		* Gov.uk (2022). Guidance. National security vetting: clearance levels. [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/united-kingdom-security-vetting-clearance-levels/national-security-vetting-clearance-levels?msclkid=3c414fd0af5411ec9720442695b40184 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/united-kingdom-security-vetting-clearance-levels/national-security-vetting-clearance-levels?msclkid=3c414fd0af5411ec9720442695b40184]
−	* IAEA (2000). Managing Suspect and Counterfeit Items In The Nuclear Industry IAEA, Vienna, 2000 IAEA-TECDOC-1169 ISSN 1011–4289~~<br />~~	+	* IAEA (2000). Managing Suspect and Counterfeit Items In The Nuclear Industry IAEA, Vienna, 2000 IAEA-TECDOC-1169 ISSN 1011–4289 [https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1169_prn.pdf https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1169_prn.pdf]
−	[https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1169_prn.pdf https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1169_prn.pdf]	+
	* IAEA (2022). IAEA – International Atomic Energy Agency. [https://www.iaea.org/ https://www.iaea.org/]		* IAEA (2022). IAEA – International Atomic Energy Agency. [https://www.iaea.org/ https://www.iaea.org/]
	* IAEA (2022). IAEA – International Atomic Energy Agency. Management systems for nuclear facilities. [https://www.iaea.org/topics/management-systems?msclkid=011cedb3b04411ec90bf3980fbc1d934 https://www.iaea.org/topics/management-systems?msclkid=011cedb3b04411ec90bf3980fbc1d934]		* IAEA (2022). IAEA – International Atomic Energy Agency. Management systems for nuclear facilities. [https://www.iaea.org/topics/management-systems?msclkid=011cedb3b04411ec90bf3980fbc1d934 https://www.iaea.org/topics/management-systems?msclkid=011cedb3b04411ec90bf3980fbc1d934]

ConSIG CWG at 09:42, 12 March 2024

2024-03-12T09:42:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:42, 12 March 2024
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	* Gov.uk (2022). Guidance. National security vetting: clearance levels. [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/united-kingdom-security-vetting-clearance-levels/national-security-vetting-clearance-levels?msclkid=3c414fd0af5411ec9720442695b40184 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/united-kingdom-security-vetting-clearance-levels/national-security-vetting-clearance-levels?msclkid=3c414fd0af5411ec9720442695b40184]		* Gov.uk (2022). Guidance. National security vetting: clearance levels. [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/united-kingdom-security-vetting-clearance-levels/national-security-vetting-clearance-levels?msclkid=3c414fd0af5411ec9720442695b40184 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/united-kingdom-security-vetting-clearance-levels/national-security-vetting-clearance-levels?msclkid=3c414fd0af5411ec9720442695b40184]
−	* IAEA (2000). Managing Suspect and Counterfeit Items In The Nuclear Industry IAEA, Vienna, 2000 IAEA-TECDOC-1169 ISSN 1011–4289	+	* IAEA (2000). Managing Suspect and Counterfeit Items In The Nuclear Industry IAEA, Vienna, 2000 IAEA-TECDOC-1169 ISSN 1011–4289<br />
−		+
	[https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1169_prn.pdf https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1169_prn.pdf]		[https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1169_prn.pdf https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1169_prn.pdf]
−
	* IAEA (2022). IAEA – International Atomic Energy Agency. [https://www.iaea.org/ https://www.iaea.org/]		* IAEA (2022). IAEA – International Atomic Energy Agency. [https://www.iaea.org/ https://www.iaea.org/]
	* IAEA (2022). IAEA – International Atomic Energy Agency. Management systems for nuclear facilities. [https://www.iaea.org/topics/management-systems?msclkid=011cedb3b04411ec90bf3980fbc1d934 https://www.iaea.org/topics/management-systems?msclkid=011cedb3b04411ec90bf3980fbc1d934]		* IAEA (2022). IAEA – International Atomic Energy Agency. Management systems for nuclear facilities. [https://www.iaea.org/topics/management-systems?msclkid=011cedb3b04411ec90bf3980fbc1d934 https://www.iaea.org/topics/management-systems?msclkid=011cedb3b04411ec90bf3980fbc1d934]

ConSIG CWG at 09:27, 12 March 2024

2024-03-12T09:27:28Z

ConSIG CWG at 09:25, 12 March 2024

2024-03-12T09:25:48Z

Show changes

Designing Buildings at 08:58, 4 March 2024

2024-03-04T08:58:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:58, 4 March 2024
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	* This article was originally written by Giorgio Mannelli on behalf of the CQI [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Construction Construction] Special [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Interest Interest] Group, reviewed by Keith Hamlyn and Colin Harley, [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Member members] of the [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Competency Competency] Working Group and [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Approved approved] for publication.		* This article was originally written by Giorgio Mannelli on behalf of the CQI [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Construction Construction] Special [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Interest Interest] Group, reviewed by Keith Hamlyn and Colin Harley, [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Member members] of the [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Competency Competency] Working Group and [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Approved approved] for publication.

−	--[~~https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/~~User:ConSIG_CWG ConSIG CWG] 16:12, 09 Jan 2024 (BST)	+	--[[User:ConSIG_CWG\|ConSIG CWG]]
		+
		+	16:12, 09 Jan 2024 (BST)

	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =		= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

Designing Buildings at 08:57, 4 March 2024

2024-03-04T08:57:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:57, 4 March 2024
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	Because the main activities appear the same, apparently the quality requirements should be similar. A better analysis of the characteristics of each industry, though, highlights that the differences are various and substantial.		Because the main activities appear the same, apparently the quality requirements should be similar. A better analysis of the characteristics of each industry, though, highlights that the differences are various and substantial.

−	The construction industry can be confined to a territory – i.e., a nation -, with specific characteristics. The UK way of building houses is quite different from the typical Italian one, where concrete and rebars are the basics of any family house – which is usually an apartment in a multistorey building.~~<br />~~	+	The construction industry can be confined to a territory – i.e., a nation -, with specific characteristics. The UK way of building houses is quite different from the typical Italian one, where concrete and rebars are the basics of any family house – which is usually an apartment in a multistorey building.
		+
	When it comes to the Nuclear industry, the geographical distance does not play an important role in defining what methodologies are to be used. A nuclear reactor can be designed in Japan and installed in the USA. What plays a role is, eventually, the technology of the reactor or the requirements to be respected. As an example, the well-known Chernobyl reactor is based on technology not anymore in use in modern reactors.		When it comes to the Nuclear industry, the geographical distance does not play an important role in defining what methodologies are to be used. A nuclear reactor can be designed in Japan and installed in the USA. What plays a role is, eventually, the technology of the reactor or the requirements to be respected. As an example, the well-known Chernobyl reactor is based on technology not anymore in use in modern reactors.

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	= References =		= References =

−	Gov.uk (2022). Guidance. National security vetting: clearance levels. [about:blank [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/united-kingdom-security-vetting-clearance-levels/national-security-vetting-clearance-levels?msclkid=3c414fd0af5411ec9720442695b40184 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/united-kingdom-security-vetting-clearance-levels/national-security-vetting-clearance-levels?msclkid=3c414fd0af5411ec9720442695b40184]]	+	* Gov.uk (2022). Guidance. National security vetting: clearance levels. [about:blank [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/united-kingdom-security-vetting-clearance-levels/national-security-vetting-clearance-levels?msclkid=3c414fd0af5411ec9720442695b40184 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/united-kingdom-security-vetting-clearance-levels/national-security-vetting-clearance-levels?msclkid=3c414fd0af5411ec9720442695b40184]]
		+	* IAEA (2000). Managing Suspect and Counterfeit Items In The Nuclear Industry IAEA, Vienna, 2000 IAEA-TECDOC-1169 ISSN 1011–4289
		+	* [about:blank [https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1169_prn.pdf https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1169_prn.pdf]]
		+	* IAEA (2022). IAEA – International Atomic Energy Agency. [about:blank [https://www.iaea.org/ https://www.iaea.org/]]
		+	* IAEA (2022). IAEA – International Atomic Energy Agency. Management systems for nuclear facilities. [about:blank [https://www.iaea.org/topics/management-systems?msclkid=011cedb3b04411ec90bf3980fbc1d934 https://www.iaea.org/topics/management-systems?msclkid=011cedb3b04411ec90bf3980fbc1d934]]
		+	* IAEA (2020). Quality Assurance and Quality Control in Nuclear Facilities and Activities. Good Practices and Lessons Learned. [https://www.iaea.org/publications/13656/quality-assurance-and-quality-control-in-nuclear-facilities-and-activities?msclkid=011d90ddb04411eca84b10f88395975c https://www.iaea.org/publications/13656/quality-assurance-and-quality-control-in-nuclear-facilities-and-activities?msclkid=011d90ddb04411eca84b10f88395975c]
		+	* IAEA (2016). GSR Part 2 “Leadership and Management for Safety” [https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/Pub1750web.pdf https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/Pub1750web.pdf]
		+	* Laka.org (2022). Laka – Documentation and research centre on nuclear energy. [about:blank [https://www.laka.org/docu/ines/location/africa https://www.laka.org/docu/ines/location/africa]]
		+	* Mirror.co.uk (2019). The Windscale Fire: Britain’s #Chernobyl” which was ‘covered up’ for decades. [about:blank [https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/windscale-fire-britains-chernobyl-covered-15774677?msclkid=748ac71faeb011ec8ded02ff3d8aecf9 https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/windscale-fire-britains-chernobyl-covered-15774677?msclkid=748ac71faeb011ec8ded02ff3d8aecf9]]
		+	* NucSig (2013). Chartered Quality Institute, Nuclear Interest Group - Nuclear Quality Knowledge (NQK) Version 2 – 2013. [https://www.nuclearinst.com/write/MediaUploads/Resources/NQK2013.pdf https://www.nuclearinst.com/write/MediaUploads/Resources/NQK2013.pdf]
		+	* ONR (2019). Guide. The purpose, scope, and content of safety cases. [about:blank#:~:text=5.1%20The%20nuclear%20safety%20case%20is%20a%20term,nuclear%20%28including%20radiological%29%20safety%20and%20radioactive%20waste%20management. NS-TAST-GD-051 - The Purpose Scope and Content of Safety Cases (onr.org.uk)]
		+	* Ritchie, H., Roser, M., Rosado, P. (2020). "Energy". Published online at OurWorldInData.org. Retrieved from: '[https://ourworldindata.org/energy' https://ourworldindata.org/energy'] [Online Resource]
		+	* Smith, R., Cucco E., Fairbairn, C. (2020). Robotic development for the nuclear environment: challenges and strategy Robotics, 9 (2020), p. 94, 10.3390/robotics9040094
		+	* Statista (2022). Mortality rate worldwide in 2012, by energy source (in deaths per thousand terawatt hour). [about:blank [https://www.statista.com/statistics/494425/death-rate-worldwide-by-energy-source/?msclkid=b3fd8abcaebf11ecaa6562c4fc624b08 https://www.statista.com/statistics/494425/death-rate-worldwide-by-energy-source/?msclkid=b3fd8abcaebf11ecaa6562c4fc624b08]]
		+	* Webopedia (2022). Vangie Beal. Key Fob. [about:blank#:~:text=A%20fob%2C%20commonly%20called%20a%20key%20fob%2C%20is,changes%20periodically%20usually%20every%2030%20to%2060%20seconds.?msclkid=89a05177af5211ec9f621392989e126f [https://www.webopedia.com/definitions/key-fob/#:~:text=A%20fob%2C%20commonly%20called%20a%20key%20fob%2C%20is,changes%20periodically%20usually%20every%2030%20to%2060%20seconds.?msclkid=89a05177af5211ec9f621392989e126f https://www.webopedia.com/definitions/key-fob/#:~:text=A%20fob%2C%20commonly%20called%20a%20key%20fob%2C%20is,changes%20periodically%20usually%20every%2030%20to%2060%20seconds.?msclkid=89a05177af5211ec9f621392989e126f]]
		+	* WHO (2005). World Health Organisation - Chernobyl: the true scale of the accident. 20 Years Later a UN Report Provides Definitive Answers and Ways to Repair Lives [about:blank [https://www.who.int/news/item/05-09-2005-chernobyl-the-true-scale-of-the-accident https://www.who.int/news/item/05-09-2005-chernobyl-the-true-scale-of-the-accident]]
		+	* This article was originally written by Giorgio Mannelli on behalf of the CQI [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Construction Construction] Special [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Interest Interest] Group, reviewed by Keith Hamlyn and Colin Harley, [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Member members] of the [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Competency Competency] Working Group and [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Approved approved] for publication.

−	~~IAEA (2000). Managing Suspect and Counterfeit Items In The Nuclear Industry IAEA, Vienna, 2000 IAEA~~-~~TECDOC~~-~~1169 ISSN 1011–4289<br />~~	+	--[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/User:ConSIG_CWG ConSIG CWG] 16:12, 09 Jan 2024 (BST)
−	~~[about:blank~~ [https://www~~-pub~~.~~iaea~~.~~org~~/~~MTCD~~/~~publications/PDF/te_1169_prn.pdf https~~:~~//www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1169_prn.pdf]~~]	+

−	~~IAEA (2022). IAEA – International Atomic Energy Agency. [about:blank [https://www.iaea.org/ https://www.iaea.org/]]~~	+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

−	~~IAEA (2022). IAEA – International Atomic Energy Agency. Management systems for~~ nuclear ~~facilities~~. ~~[about:blank [https://www.iaea.org/topics/management-systems?msclkid=011cedb3b04411ec90bf3980fbc1d934 https://www.iaea.org/topics/management-systems?msclkid=011cedb3b04411ec90bf3980fbc1d934]]~~	+	* Advanced nuclear.
−		+	* Generation nuclear.
−	IAEA (2020). Quality Assurance and Quality Control in Nuclear Facilities and Activities. Good Practices and Lessons Learned. [https://www.iaea.org/publications/13656/quality-assurance-and-quality-control-in-nuclear~~-facilities-and-activities?msclkid=011d90ddb04411eca84b10f88395975c https://www~~.~~iaea.org/publications/13656/quality-assurance-and-quality-control-in-nuclear-facilities-and-activities?msclkid=011d90ddb04411eca84b10f88395975c]~~	+	* Great British Nuclear GBN.
−		+	* Hinkley Point nuclear agreement.
−	~~IAEA (2016). GSR Part 2 “Leadership and Management for Safety” [https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/Pub1750web.pdf https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/Pub1750web~~.~~pdf]~~	+	* Not a choice between renewables and nuclear - we need both.
−		+	* Nuclear electrolysis.
−	~~Laka.org (2022). Laka – Documentation and research centre on~~ nuclear ~~energy~~. ~~[about:blank [https://www.laka.org/docu/ines/location/africa https://www.laka.org/docu/ines/location/africa]]~~	+	* Nuclear fission.
−		+	* Nuclear fusion.
−	Mirror.co.uk (2019). The Windscale Fire: Britain’s #Chernobyl” which was ‘covered up’ for decades. [about:blank [https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/windscale-fire-britains-chernobyl-covered-15774677?msclkid=748ac71faeb011ec8ded02ff3d8aecf9 https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/windscale-fire-britains-chernobyl-covered-15774677?msclkid=748ac71faeb011ec8ded02ff3d8aecf9]]	+	* Nuclear power.
−		+	* Quality assurance.
−	NucSig (2013). Chartered Quality Institute, Nuclear Interest Group - Nuclear Quality Knowledge (NQK) Version 2 – 2013. [https://www.nuclearinst.com/write/MediaUploads/Resources/NQK2013.pdf https://www.nuclearinst.com/write/MediaUploads/Resources/NQK2013.pdf]	+	* Quality.
−		+
−	~~ONR (2019). Guide. The purpose, scope,~~ and ~~content of safety cases. [about:blank#:~:text=5.1%20The%20nuclear%20safety%20case%20is%20a%20term,~~nuclear~~%20%28including%20radiological%29%20safety%20and%20radioactive%20waste%20management. NS~~-~~TAST-GD-051 - The Purpose Scope and Content of Safety Cases (onr.org~~.~~uk)]~~	+
−		+
−	~~Ritchie, H~~.~~, Roser, M., Rosado, P. (2020). "Energy". Published online at OurWorldInData.org. Retrieved from: '[https://ourworldindata.org/energy' https://ourworldindata.org/energy'] [Online Resource]~~	+
−		+
−	~~Smith, R~~.~~, Cucco E., Fairbairn, C. (2020). Robotic development for the nuclear environment: challenges and strategy Robotics, 9 (2020), p. 94, 10.3390/robotics9040094~~	+
−		+
−	~~Statista (2022)~~. Mortality rate worldwide in 2012, by energy source (in deaths per thousand terawatt hour). [about:blank [https://www.statista.com/statistics/494425/death-rate-worldwide-by-energy-source/?msclkid=b3fd8abcaebf11ecaa6562c4fc624b08 https://www.statista.com/statistics/494425/death-rate-worldwide-by-energy-source/?msclkid=b3fd8abcaebf11ecaa6562c4fc624b08]]	+
−		+
−	~~Webopedia (2022)~~. Vangie Beal. Key Fob. [about:blank#:~:text=A%20fob%2C%20commonly%20called%20a%20key%20fob%2C%20is,changes%20periodically%20usually%20every%2030%20to%2060%20seconds.?msclkid=89a05177af5211ec9f621392989e126f [https://www.webopedia.com/definitions/key-fob/#:~:text=A%20fob%2C%20commonly%20called%20a%20key%20fob%2C%20is,changes%20periodically%20usually%20every%2030%20to%2060%20seconds.?msclkid=89a05177af5211ec9f621392989e126f https://www.webopedia.com/definitions/key-fob/#:~:text=A%20fob%2C%20commonly%20called%20a%20key%20fob%2C%20is,changes%20periodically%20usually%20every%2030%20to%2060%20seconds.?msclkid=89a05177af5211ec9f621392989e126f]]	+
−		+
−	~~WHO (2005)~~. World Health Organisation - Chernobyl: the true scale of the accident. 20 Years Later a UN Report Provides Definitive Answers and Ways to Repair Lives [about:blank [https://www.who.int/news/item/05-09-2005-chernobyl-the-true-scale-of-the-accident https://www.who.int/news/item/05-09-2005-chernobyl-the-true-scale-of-the-accident]]	+
−		+
−	This article was originally written by Giorgio Mannelli on behalf of the CQI [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Construction Construction] Special [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Interest Interest] Group, reviewed by Keith Hamlyn and Colin Harley, [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Member members] of the [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Competency Competency] Working Group and [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Approved approved] for publication.	+
−		+
−	~~--[https://www.designingbuildings.co~~.~~uk/wiki/User:ConSIG_CWG ConSIG CWG] 16:12, 09 Jan 2024 (BST)~~	+

	[[Category:International]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Other_legislation]] [[Category:Construction_management]] [[Category:Design]] [[Category:Operations]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]		[[Category:International]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Other_legislation]] [[Category:Construction_management]] [[Category:Design]] [[Category:Operations]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

ConSIG CWG at 16:12, 9 January 2024

2024-01-09T16:12:10Z

ConSIG CWG: Protected "Quality in the Nuclear sector" ([edit=author] (indefinite))

2024-01-09T15:54:18Z

Protected "Quality in the Nuclear sector" ([edit=author] (indefinite))

← Older revision

Revision as of 15:54, 9 January 2024

ConSIG CWG at 15:47, 9 January 2024

2024-01-09T15:47:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:47, 9 January 2024
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	If the plans are confirmed by the Government, there will be almost twenty new power plants in the UK. It is to be noted that a good chunk of the activities involves civil works. If on one side the sector requires commitment, on another it can be full of opportunities for those willing to invest. Furthermore, plans to involve small-medium enterprises are usually part of the realisation of a power plant. As an example, EDF in Bristol actively incentivises the participation in the ongoing construction activity by small SMEs and monitors the market, reporting statistics about different areas of the UK and the total value of the contracts awarded.		If the plans are confirmed by the Government, there will be almost twenty new power plants in the UK. It is to be noted that a good chunk of the activities involves civil works. If on one side the sector requires commitment, on another it can be full of opportunities for those willing to invest. Furthermore, plans to involve small-medium enterprises are usually part of the realisation of a power plant. As an example, EDF in Bristol actively incentivises the participation in the ongoing construction activity by small SMEs and monitors the market, reporting statistics about different areas of the UK and the total value of the contracts awarded.

−	References	+	= References =

	Gov.uk (2022). Guidance. National security vetting: clearance levels. [about:blank [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/united-kingdom-security-vetting-clearance-levels/national-security-vetting-clearance-levels?msclkid=3c414fd0af5411ec9720442695b40184 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/united-kingdom-security-vetting-clearance-levels/national-security-vetting-clearance-levels?msclkid=3c414fd0af5411ec9720442695b40184]]		Gov.uk (2022). Guidance. National security vetting: clearance levels. [about:blank [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/united-kingdom-security-vetting-clearance-levels/national-security-vetting-clearance-levels?msclkid=3c414fd0af5411ec9720442695b40184 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/united-kingdom-security-vetting-clearance-levels/national-security-vetting-clearance-levels?msclkid=3c414fd0af5411ec9720442695b40184]]

ConSIG CWG at 15:43, 9 January 2024

2024-01-09T15:43:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:43, 9 January 2024
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−	~~Quality in the Nuclear sector~~
−
	= Introduction =		= Introduction =

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:27, 12 March 2024
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	“To avoid inappropriately applying overly prescriptive controls to non-nuclear safety-significant tasks, a grading approach is used. This allows due rigour to be applied to those activities that truly are safety-significant and lesser control to those that are less significant. The outcome of such grading is integral to almost everything that occurs related to the plant and operators” (NucSig, 2013).		“To avoid inappropriately applying overly prescriptive controls to non-nuclear safety-significant tasks, a grading approach is used. This allows due rigour to be applied to those activities that truly are safety-significant and lesser control to those that are less significant. The outcome of such grading is integral to almost everything that occurs related to the plant and operators” (NucSig, 2013).

−	Going into more details, the IAEA GSR Part 2 “Leadership and Management for Safety” (IAEA, 2016) “requires the operating organisation to retain responsibility and to include in its management system arrangements with its suppliers for specifying, monitoring and managing the supply to it of items, products and services that may influence safety. It specifically requires these arrangements to include qualification, selection, evaluation, procurement, and oversight of the supply chain. The organisation, furthermore, needs to make arrangements for ensuring that suppliers of items, products and services important to safety adhere to safety requirements and meet the ~~organization’s~~ expectations of safe conduct in their delivery. This principle also includes the idea that the applicable requirements need to be cascaded to the sub-contractors in the supply chain.” In a few sentences, the summary of how complex the supply chain management may become.	+	Going into more details, the IAEA GSR Part 2 “Leadership and Management for Safety” (IAEA, 2016) “requires the operating organisation to retain responsibility and to include in its management system arrangements with its suppliers for specifying, monitoring and managing the supply to it of items, products and services that may influence safety. It specifically requires these arrangements to include qualification, selection, evaluation, procurement, and oversight of the supply chain. The organisation, furthermore, needs to make arrangements for ensuring that suppliers of items, products and services important to safety adhere to safety requirements and meet the organisation’s expectations of safe conduct in their delivery. This principle also includes the idea that the applicable requirements need to be cascaded to the sub-contractors in the supply chain.” In a few sentences, the summary of how complex the supply chain management may become.

	To make all the system more complicated – but necessary to reach higher standards of safety – the items to be purchased can be classified as:		To make all the system more complicated – but necessary to reach higher standards of safety – the items to be purchased can be classified as:
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	* Gov.uk (2022). Guidance. National security vetting: clearance levels. [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/united-kingdom-security-vetting-clearance-levels/national-security-vetting-clearance-levels?msclkid=3c414fd0af5411ec9720442695b40184 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/united-kingdom-security-vetting-clearance-levels/national-security-vetting-clearance-levels?msclkid=3c414fd0af5411ec9720442695b40184]		* Gov.uk (2022). Guidance. National security vetting: clearance levels. [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/united-kingdom-security-vetting-clearance-levels/national-security-vetting-clearance-levels?msclkid=3c414fd0af5411ec9720442695b40184 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/united-kingdom-security-vetting-clearance-levels/national-security-vetting-clearance-levels?msclkid=3c414fd0af5411ec9720442695b40184]
−	* IAEA (2000). Managing Suspect and Counterfeit Items In The Nuclear Industry IAEA, Vienna, 2000 IAEA-TECDOC-1169 ISSN 1011–4289~~<br />~~	+	* IAEA (2000). Managing Suspect and Counterfeit Items In The Nuclear Industry IAEA, Vienna, 2000 IAEA-TECDOC-1169 ISSN 1011–4289
		+
	[https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1169_prn.pdf https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1169_prn.pdf]		[https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1169_prn.pdf https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1169_prn.pdf]
		+
	* IAEA (2022). IAEA – International Atomic Energy Agency. [https://www.iaea.org/ https://www.iaea.org/]		* IAEA (2022). IAEA – International Atomic Energy Agency. [https://www.iaea.org/ https://www.iaea.org/]
	* IAEA (2022). IAEA – International Atomic Energy Agency. Management systems for nuclear facilities. [https://www.iaea.org/topics/management-systems?msclkid=011cedb3b04411ec90bf3980fbc1d934 https://www.iaea.org/topics/management-systems?msclkid=011cedb3b04411ec90bf3980fbc1d934]		* IAEA (2022). IAEA – International Atomic Energy Agency. Management systems for nuclear facilities. [https://www.iaea.org/topics/management-systems?msclkid=011cedb3b04411ec90bf3980fbc1d934 https://www.iaea.org/topics/management-systems?msclkid=011cedb3b04411ec90bf3980fbc1d934]
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	* Statista (2022). Mortality rate worldwide in 2012, by energy source (in deaths per thousand terawatt hour). [https://www.statista.com/statistics/494425/death-rate-worldwide-by-energy-source/?msclkid=b3fd8abcaebf11ecaa6562c4fc624b08 https://www.statista.com/statistics/494425/death-rate-worldwide-by-energy-source/?msclkid=b3fd8abcaebf11ecaa6562c4fc624b08]		* Statista (2022). Mortality rate worldwide in 2012, by energy source (in deaths per thousand terawatt hour). [https://www.statista.com/statistics/494425/death-rate-worldwide-by-energy-source/?msclkid=b3fd8abcaebf11ecaa6562c4fc624b08 https://www.statista.com/statistics/494425/death-rate-worldwide-by-energy-source/?msclkid=b3fd8abcaebf11ecaa6562c4fc624b08]
	* Webopedia (2022). Vangie Beal. Key Fob. [http://about:blank/#:~:text=A%20fob%2C%20commonly%20called%20a%20key%20fob%2C%20is,changes%20periodically%20usually%20every%2030%20to%2060%20seconds.?msclkid=89a05177af5211ec9f621392989e126f https://www.webopedia.com/definitions/key-fob/#:~:text=A%20fob%2C%20commonly%20called%20a%20key%20fob%2C%20is,changes%20periodically%20usually%20every%2030%20to%2060%20seconds.?msclkid=89a05177af5211ec9f621392989e126f]		* Webopedia (2022). Vangie Beal. Key Fob. [http://about:blank/#:~:text=A%20fob%2C%20commonly%20called%20a%20key%20fob%2C%20is,changes%20periodically%20usually%20every%2030%20to%2060%20seconds.?msclkid=89a05177af5211ec9f621392989e126f https://www.webopedia.com/definitions/key-fob/#:~:text=A%20fob%2C%20commonly%20called%20a%20key%20fob%2C%20is,changes%20periodically%20usually%20every%2030%20to%2060%20seconds.?msclkid=89a05177af5211ec9f621392989e126f]
−	* WHO (2005). World Health Organisation - Chernobyl: the true scale of the accident. 20 Years Later a UN Report Provides Definitive Answers and Ways to Repair Lives~~<br />~~	+	* WHO (2005). World Health Organisation - Chernobyl: the true scale of the accident. 20 Years Later a UN Report Provides Definitive Answers and Ways to Repair Lives
		+
	[https://www.who.int/news/item/05-09-2005-chernobyl-the-true-scale-of-the-accident https://www.who.int/news/item/05-09-2005-chernobyl-the-true-scale-of-the-accident]		[https://www.who.int/news/item/05-09-2005-chernobyl-the-true-scale-of-the-accident https://www.who.int/news/item/05-09-2005-chernobyl-the-true-scale-of-the-accident]

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:12, 9 January 2024
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	= Safety and Quality Introduction =		= Safety and Quality Introduction =

−	The worst nuclear accident in the UK was the Windscale fire in 1957 (Mirror.c.uk, 2019), the so-called Britain’s Chernobyl”, considered one of the worst in human history, ranked in severity at level 5 out of 7; the British government estimated that up to 30 people developed thyroid cancer due to radioactive pollution of the environment, but analysis indicates that 240 more people are supposed to have died of cancer-related to Windscale.	+	The worst nuclear accident in the UK was the Windscale fire in 1957 (Mirror.c.uk, 2019), the so-called "Britain’s Chernobyl”, considered one of the worst in human history, ranked in severity at level 5 out of 7; the British government estimated that up to 30 people developed thyroid cancer due to radioactive pollution of the environment, but analysis indicates that 240 more people are supposed to have died of cancer-related to Windscale.

	The worst accidents ever recorded in the world are Chernobyl in Ukraine and Fukushima in Japan, both ranked at level 7. Simplifying, Chernobyl was caused by a series of human choices, hidden defects, and poor design; Fukushima was the consequence of an earthquake and a consequent tsunami, causing 1 death due to radiation against the thousands of deaths from Chernobyl.		The worst accidents ever recorded in the world are Chernobyl in Ukraine and Fukushima in Japan, both ranked at level 7. Simplifying, Chernobyl was caused by a series of human choices, hidden defects, and poor design; Fukushima was the consequence of an earthquake and a consequent tsunami, causing 1 death due to radiation against the thousands of deaths from Chernobyl.
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	(*) A terawatt-hour is a unit of energy equal to outputting one trillion watts for one hour.		(*) A terawatt-hour is a unit of energy equal to outputting one trillion watts for one hour.

−	It may now be clear why the nuclear industry ~~needs to adopt~~ more stringent rules for quality management: quality becomes a synonym with safety!	+	It may now be clear why the nuclear industry adopts more stringent rules for quality management: quality becomes a synonym with safety!

	= Nuclear Safety =		= Nuclear Safety =
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	= Suitably Qualified Experienced Person (SQEP) =		= Suitably Qualified Experienced Person (SQEP) =

−	In addition to health and safety on site, ll personnel whose role may have an impact on nuclear safety must be judged to be competent to undertake their assigned tasks (NucSig, 2013). So, such people shall be appropriately trained, monitored, and assessed regularly. Depending on the role, the assessment can be more “light”, only considering a few skills that may be strictly necessary; or there could be a long list of skills in different areas (commercial, engineering, contract management) that the individual is requested to be assessed against. As an example, the assessment of a young engineer will not be alike the report for who is in the position of Project Director. The company may decide what is the minimum acceptable score to be considered experienced in a specific activity.	+	In addition to health and safety on site, all personnel whose role may have an impact on nuclear safety must be judged to be competent to undertake their assigned tasks (NucSig, 2013). So, such people shall be appropriately trained, monitored, and assessed regularly. Depending on the role, the assessment can be more “light”, only considering a few skills that may be strictly necessary; or there could be a long list of skills in different areas (commercial, engineering, contract management) that the individual is requested to be assessed against. As an example, the assessment of a young engineer will not be alike the report for who is in the position of Project Director. The company may decide what is the minimum acceptable score to be considered experienced in a specific activity.

	Assessments should be run periodically, and records kept.		Assessments should be run periodically, and records kept.
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	This article was originally written by Giorgio Mannelli on behalf of the CQI [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Construction Construction] Special [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Interest Interest] Group, reviewed by Keith Hamlyn and Colin Harley, [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Member members] of the [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Competency Competency] Working Group and [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Approved approved] for publication.		This article was originally written by Giorgio Mannelli on behalf of the CQI [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Construction Construction] Special [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Interest Interest] Group, reviewed by Keith Hamlyn and Colin Harley, [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Member members] of the [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Competency Competency] Working Group and [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Approved approved] for publication.

−	--[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/User:ConSIG_CWG ConSIG CWG] 15:40, 09 Jan 2024 (BST)	+	--[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/User:ConSIG_CWG ConSIG CWG] 16:12, 09 Jan 2024 (BST)

	[[Category:International]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Other_legislation]] [[Category:Construction_management]] [[Category:Design]] [[Category:Operations]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]		[[Category:International]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Other_legislation]] [[Category:Construction_management]] [[Category:Design]] [[Category:Operations]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]