Polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) - Revision history

Designing Buildings at 10:58, 25 January 2023

2023-01-25T10:58:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:58, 25 January 2023
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	= Background =		= Background =

−	They are defined as substances containing at least one fully fluorinated methyl (CF3-) or methylene (-CF2-) carbon atom (without any H/Cl/Br/I atom attached to it), examples include ~~Perfluorooctanoic Acid~~ (PFOA), ~~Perfluorooctane Sulfonate~~ or ~~Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid~~ (PFOS), ~~Perfluorinated~~ carboxylic acids~~, Polytetrafluoroethylene~~ (PTFE) or Teflon.	+	They are defined as substances containing at least one fully fluorinated methyl (CF3-) or methylene (-CF2-) carbon atom (without any H/Cl/Br/I atom attached to it), examples include perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate or perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorinated carboxylic acids and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or Teflon.

−	First created in the 1940's, there are more than ~~4000~~ examples of these synthesised chemicals present in a wide range of different products~~, they~~ are highly resistant to chemical and thermal breakdown as well as repelling water and oil~~, they~~ are colourless, tasteless and odourless. ~~From~~ the mid 1900's ~~until today~~ they have been used to produce many ~~different~~ household and industrial products from non-stick frying pans to waterproof jackets, flame retardants and stain sealants for interior furnishings and fabrics to cosmetic make-up, ~~from~~ grease-resistant paper to food containers, wrappers and packaging, ~~and from~~ paints, to varnishes, ~~and~~ sealants, and finally ~~from~~ cleaning products, to shampoos and dental floss.	+	First created in the 1940's, there are more than 4,000 examples of these synthesised chemicals present in a wide range of different products. They are highly resistant to chemical and thermal breakdown as well as repelling water and oil. They are colourless, tasteless and odourless. Since the mid 1900's they have been used to produce many household and industrial products from non-stick frying pans to waterproof jackets, flame retardants and stain sealants for interior furnishings and fabrics, and cosmetic make-up, grease-resistant paper, food containers, wrappers and packaging, paints, varnishes, sealants, and finally cleaning products, shampoos and dental floss.

	= Risks =		= Risks =

−	~~Effects~~ of high level exposure to PFAS's include increased risk of cancer, kidney disease, reproductive and developmental disruption as well as impacting vaccine response. Research suggests exposure to PFOA and PFOS from today’s consumer products is usually low, especially when compared to ~~exposures~~ to contaminated drinking water. Based on the available data, only a small amount of PFAS can get into ~~your~~ body from skin contacting PFAS-contaminated water~~, most~~ PFAS do not evaporate into the air from water readily~~. Therefore~~, for most PFAS, showering, bathing, or washing dishes in water containing PFAS should not increase exposure. Routes to exposure are; drinking contaminated municipal water or private well water, eating fish caught from water contaminated by PFAS (PFOS, in particular), accidentally swallowing contaminated soil or dust, eating food grown or raised near places that used or made PFAS, eating food packaged in material that contains PFAS, using some consumer products such as stain resistant carpeting and water repellent clothing.	+	The effects of high level exposure to PFAS's include increased risk of cancer, kidney disease, reproductive and developmental disruption as well as impacting vaccine response. Research suggests exposure to PFOA and PFOS from today’s consumer products is usually low, especially when compared to exposure to contaminated drinking water. Based on the available data, only a small amount of PFAS can get into the body from skin contacting PFAS-contaminated water
		+
		+	Most PFAS do not evaporate into the air from water readily, therefore, for most PFAS, showering, bathing, or washing dishes in water containing PFAS should not increase exposure. Routes to exposure are; drinking contaminated municipal water or private well water, eating fish caught from water contaminated by PFAS (PFOS, in particular), accidentally swallowing contaminated soil or dust, eating food grown or raised near places that used or made PFAS, eating food packaged in material that contains PFAS, using some consumer products such as stain resistant carpeting and water repellent clothing.

	= Action =		= Action =

Designing Buildings at 10:54, 25 January 2023

2023-01-25T10:54:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:54, 25 January 2023
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−	Per- and ~~Polyfluorinated~~ alkyl substances PFAS, are also known as Forever Chemicals, because of their persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) properties, some taking up to 1000 years to breakdown in natural environments.	+	= Introduction =
		+
		+	Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances PFAS, are also known as Forever Chemicals, because of their persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) properties, some taking up to 1000 years to breakdown in natural environments.

	= Background =		= Background =

Editor at 06:15, 9 January 2023

2023-01-09T06:15:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:15, 9 January 2023
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−	Per- and Polyfluorinated alkyl substances PFAS, are also known as Forever Chemicals, because their persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) properties taking up to 1000 years to ~~reduce~~ in natural ~~environements~~. They are defined as substances containing at least one fully fluorinated methyl (CF3-) or methylene (-CF2-) carbon atom (without any H/Cl/Br/I atom attached to it). First created in the 1940's, there are more than 4000 examples of these chemicals present in a wide range of products, some of the most common examples include Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Perfluorooctane Sulfonate or Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid (PFOS)	+	Per- and Polyfluorinated alkyl substances PFAS, are also known as Forever Chemicals, because of their persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) properties, some taking up to 1000 years to breakdown in natural environments.

−	PFAS's are a group of some 4000 man-made or synthesised chemicals that are colourless, tasteless and odourless, they are highly resistant to chemical and thermal breakdown as well as repelling water and oil. From the mid 1900's until today they have been used on many different household and industrial products from non-stick frying pans to waterproof jackets, flame retardants and stain sealants for interior furnishings and fabrics to cosmetic make-up, from grease-resistant paper to food containers / wrappers and packaging, from paints, to varnishes, and sealants, Cleaning products, shampoos and dental floss.	+	= Background =

−	~~Effects of high level exposure~~ to ~~PFAS's~~ include ~~increased risk of cancer~~, ~~kidney disease~~, ~~reproductive and developmental disruption as well as impacting vaccine response~~.	+	They are defined as substances containing at least one fully fluorinated methyl (CF3-) or methylene (-CF2-) carbon atom (without any H/Cl/Br/I atom attached to it), examples include Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA), Perfluorooctane Sulfonate or Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid (PFOS), Perfluorinated carboxylic acids, Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or Teflon.

−	~~In January 2023 Germany~~, ~~Denmark~~	+	First created in the 1940's, there are more than 4000 examples of these synthesised chemicals present in a wide range of different products, they are highly resistant to chemical and thermal breakdown as well as repelling water and oil, they are colourless, tasteless and odourless. From the mid 1900's until today they have been used to produce many different household and industrial products from non-stick frying pans to waterproof jackets, flame retardants and stain sealants for interior furnishings and fabrics to cosmetic make-up, from grease-resistant paper to food containers, wrappers and packaging, and from paints, to varnishes, and sealants, and finally from cleaning products, to shampoos and dental floss.

−	~~Netherlands~~	+	= Risks =

−	~~Norway~~	+	Effects of high level exposure to PFAS's include increased risk of cancer, kidney disease, reproductive and developmental disruption as well as impacting vaccine response. Research suggests exposure to PFOA and PFOS from today’s consumer products is usually low, especially when compared to exposures to contaminated drinking water. Based on the available data, only a small amount of PFAS can get into your body from skin contacting PFAS-contaminated water, most PFAS do not evaporate into the air from water readily. Therefore, for most PFAS, showering, bathing, or washing dishes in water containing PFAS should not increase exposure. Routes to exposure are; drinking contaminated municipal water or private well water, eating fish caught from water contaminated by PFAS (PFOS, in particular), accidentally swallowing contaminated soil or dust, eating food grown or raised near places that used or made PFAS, eating food packaged in material that contains PFAS, using some consumer products such as stain resistant carpeting and water repellent clothing.

−	~~Sweden~~	+	= Action =

−	~~First developed in~~ the ~~1940s~~, PFAS ~~are~~ a ~~large group~~ of ~~more than 4,000 synthetic chemicals. Commonly known~~ as ~~“forever chemicals”, their properties make them water~~ and ~~oil repellent and highly resistant to chemical and thermal breakdown~~.	+	On January 13, 2023 Germany, Denmark, Netherlands, Norway and Sweden submitted a request for restrictions to be placed on the manufacture, placing on the market and use of PFAS. In the US in August, 2022, EPA issued a proposal to designate two of the most widely used PFAS as hazardous substances under CERCLA and in November 2022, EPA released a report documenting the Agency’s first year of progress under its PFAS Strategic Roadmap.

−	~~There~~ are ~~some Non-stick frying pans~~, ~~waterproof rain jackets~~, ~~flame retardant sofas and carpets~~, ~~food packaging, makeup and countless other items all contain these chemicals~~.	+	The OECD definition of PFAS (2021) reads: “PFASs are defined as fluorinated substances that contain at least one fully fluorinated methyl or methylene carbon atom (without any H/Cl/Br/I atom attached to it), i.e. with a few noted exceptions, any chemical with at least a perfluorinated methyl group (–CF3) or a perfluorinated methylene group (–CF2–) is a PFAS.” [OECD. Series on Risk Management No. 61, 2021]. Substances meeting the chemical scope definition for this restriction proposal will therefore also meet the OECD PFAS definition.

−	~~Most~~ PFAS's are ~~colourless~~, ~~tasteless~~ and ~~odourless and are already present in present drinking~~ water and ~~natural ecosystems~~, ~~high level exposure to these toxic chemicals can elicit a range~~ of ~~negative health effects~~ in ~~humans~~ and ~~wildlife~~. ~~These include an increased risk of certain cancers~~, ~~kidney disease~~, ~~cholesterol~~, ~~reproductive~~ and ~~developmental disruption~~ and ~~a decreased vaccine response~~.	+	The submission for to the European union for market restrictions reads; "PFAS are, or ultimately transform into, persistent substances, leading to irreversible environmental exposure and accumulation. Due to their water solubility and mobility, contamination of surface, ground- and drinking water and soil has occurred in the EU as well as globally and will continue. It has been proven very difficult and extremely costly to remove PFAS when released to the environment. In addition, some PFAS have been documented as toxic and/or bio-accumulative substances, both with respect to human health as well as the environment. Without taking action, their concentrations will continue to increase, and their toxic and polluting effects will be difficult to reverse."

−	~~Humans cannot see, smell or taste PFAS in our water.~~	+	= GenX =

−	~~In Jauary 2023~~ the	+	GenX chemicals were developed as replacements for PFOA (part of the group of PFAS) for manufacturing fluoropolymers, including Teflo, since the original compounds were found to be toxic and carcinogenic, therefore banned. However, the replacement chemical GenX has also been shown to cause many of the same health problems as PFOA, with the EPA's toxicity assessment concluding that oral ingestion has potential adverse health effects on the hepatic, hematological, renal, reproductive, and immune systems and linked to liver and pancreatic cancer.

−	The ~~OECD definition (2021) which reads: “PFASs are defined~~ as ~~fluorinated substances that contain at least one fully fluorinated methyl or methylene carbon atom (without any H/Cl/Br/I atom attached to it), i.e. with~~ a ~~few noted exceptions~~, ~~any chemical with at least a perfluorinated methyl~~ group ~~(–CF3) or~~ a ~~perfluorinated methylene group~~ (~~–CF2–~~) is a ~~PFAS.” [OECD. Series on Risk Management No. 61, 2021]. Substances meeting the chemical scope definition for this restriction proposal will therefore also meet the OECD PFAS definition~~.	+	PFOA was banned globally under the Stockholm Convention in 2019, but was voluntarily phased out by manufacturers in Europe and the US over the preceeding decade. The chemical industry developed GenX as a replacement technology for PFOA, based on other members of the PFAS group. This alternative was presented by the industry as having a “more favorable toxicological profile”. Howeve rin 2019 EU experts voted unanimously in favour of adding GenX chemicals to the EU list of substances of very high concern (SHVC), which is a first step in increasing regulatory controls over them.

−	PFAS are, or ultimately transform into, persistent substances, leading to irreversible environmental exposure and accumulation. Due to their water solubility and mobility, contamination of surface, ground- and drinking water and soil has occurred in the EU as well as globally and will continue. It has been proven very difficult and extremely costly to remove PFAS when released to the environment. In addition, some PFAS have been documented as toxic and/or bio-accumulative substances, both with respect to human health as well as the environment. Without taking action, their concentrations will continue to increase, and their toxic and polluting effects will be difficult to reverse.	+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

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		+	[[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Definitions]] [[Category:Publications_/_reports]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Water]] [[Category:Health_and_safety_/_CDM]] [[Category:Regulations]] [[Category:Standards_/_measurements]] [[Category:Sustainability]]

Editor at 20:39, 8 January 2023

2023-01-08T20:39:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:39, 8 January 2023
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−	Per- and Polyfluorinated alkyl substances PFAS, also known as Forever Chemicals, are defined as substances ~~that contain~~ at least one fully fluorinated methyl (CF3-) or methylene (-CF2-) carbon atom (without any H/Cl/Br/I atom attached to it) ~~and were first~~ created in ~~and around~~ the 1940's~~. There~~ are more than 4000 examples of these chemicals some of the most common include Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA), Perfluorooctane Sulfonate or Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid (PFOS)	+	Per- and Polyfluorinated alkyl substances PFAS, are also known as Forever Chemicals, because their persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) properties taking up to 1000 years to reduce in natural environements. They are defined as substances containing at least one fully fluorinated methyl (CF3-) or methylene (-CF2-) carbon atom (without any H/Cl/Br/I atom attached to it). First created in the 1940's, there are more than 4000 examples of these chemicals present in a wide range of products, some of the most common examples include Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Perfluorooctane Sulfonate or Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid (PFOS)

	PFAS's are a group of some 4000 man-made or synthesised chemicals that are colourless, tasteless and odourless, they are highly resistant to chemical and thermal breakdown as well as repelling water and oil. From the mid 1900's until today they have been used on many different household and industrial products from non-stick frying pans to waterproof jackets, flame retardants and stain sealants for interior furnishings and fabrics to cosmetic make-up, from grease-resistant paper to food containers / wrappers and packaging, from paints, to varnishes, and sealants, Cleaning products, shampoos and dental floss.		PFAS's are a group of some 4000 man-made or synthesised chemicals that are colourless, tasteless and odourless, they are highly resistant to chemical and thermal breakdown as well as repelling water and oil. From the mid 1900's until today they have been used on many different household and industrial products from non-stick frying pans to waterproof jackets, flame retardants and stain sealants for interior furnishings and fabrics to cosmetic make-up, from grease-resistant paper to food containers / wrappers and packaging, from paints, to varnishes, and sealants, Cleaning products, shampoos and dental floss.
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	PFAS are, or ultimately transform into, persistent substances, leading to irreversible environmental exposure and accumulation. Due to their water solubility and mobility, contamination of surface, ground- and drinking water and soil has occurred in the EU as well as globally and will continue. It has been proven very difficult and extremely costly to remove PFAS when released to the environment. In addition, some PFAS have been documented as toxic and/or bio-accumulative substances, both with respect to human health as well as the environment. Without taking action, their concentrations will continue to increase, and their toxic and polluting effects will be difficult to reverse.		PFAS are, or ultimately transform into, persistent substances, leading to irreversible environmental exposure and accumulation. Due to their water solubility and mobility, contamination of surface, ground- and drinking water and soil has occurred in the EU as well as globally and will continue. It has been proven very difficult and extremely costly to remove PFAS when released to the environment. In addition, some PFAS have been documented as toxic and/or bio-accumulative substances, both with respect to human health as well as the environment. Without taking action, their concentrations will continue to increase, and their toxic and polluting effects will be difficult to reverse.
		+
		+	[[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]]

Editor at 19:41, 8 January 2023

2023-01-08T19:41:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:41, 8 January 2023
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Per- and Polyfluorinated alkyl substances PFAS, also known as Forever Chemicals, are defined as substances that contain at least one fully fluorinated methyl (CF3-) or methylene (-CF2-) carbon atom (without any H/Cl/Br/I atom attached to it) and were first created in and around the 1940's. There are more than 4000 examples of these chemicals some of the most common include Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA), Perfluorooctane Sulfonate or Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid (PFOS)		Per- and Polyfluorinated alkyl substances PFAS, also known as Forever Chemicals, are defined as substances that contain at least one fully fluorinated methyl (CF3-) or methylene (-CF2-) carbon atom (without any H/Cl/Br/I atom attached to it) and were first created in and around the 1940's. There are more than 4000 examples of these chemicals some of the most common include Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA), Perfluorooctane Sulfonate or Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid (PFOS)

−	PFAS's are a group of some 4000 man-made or synthesised chemicals that are colourless, tasteless and odourless, they are highly resistant to chemical and thermal breakdown as well as repelling water and oil. From the mid 1900's until today they have been used on many different household and industrial products from non-stick frying pans to waterproof jackets, flame retardants for interior furnishings to cosmetic make-up, food packaging, ~~makeup~~ and ~~countless other items all contain these chemicals~~.	+	PFAS's are a group of some 4000 man-made or synthesised chemicals that are colourless, tasteless and odourless, they are highly resistant to chemical and thermal breakdown as well as repelling water and oil. From the mid 1900's until today they have been used on many different household and industrial products from non-stick frying pans to waterproof jackets, flame retardants and stain sealants for interior furnishings and fabrics to cosmetic make-up, from grease-resistant paper to food containers / wrappers and packaging, from paints, to varnishes, and sealants, Cleaning products, shampoos and dental floss.

	Effects of high level exposure to PFAS's include increased risk of cancer, kidney disease, reproductive and developmental disruption as well as impacting vaccine response.		Effects of high level exposure to PFAS's include increased risk of cancer, kidney disease, reproductive and developmental disruption as well as impacting vaccine response.

Editor: Created page with "Per- and Polyfluorinated alkyl substances PFAS, also known as Forever Chemicals, are defined as substances that contain at least one fully fluorinated methyl (CF3-) or methylene ..."

2023-01-08T19:36:06Z

Created page with "Per- and Polyfluorinated alkyl substances PFAS, also known as Forever Chemicals, are defined as substances that contain at least one fully fluorinated methyl (CF3-) or methylene ..."

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Per- and Polyfluorinated alkyl substances PFAS, also known as Forever Chemicals, are defined as substances that contain at least one fully fluorinated methyl (CF3-) or methylene (-CF2-) carbon atom (without any H/Cl/Br/I atom attached to it) and were first created in and around the 1940's. There are more than 4000 examples of these chemicals some of the most common include Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA), Perfluorooctane Sulfonate or Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid (PFOS)

PFAS's are a group of some 4000 man-made or synthesised chemicals that are colourless, tasteless and odourless, they are highly resistant to chemical and thermal breakdown as well as repelling water and oil. From the mid 1900's until today they have been used on many different household and industrial products from non-stick frying pans to waterproof jackets, flame retardants for interior furnishings to cosmetic make-up, food packaging, makeup and countless other items all contain these chemicals.

Effects of high level exposure to PFAS's include increased risk of cancer, kidney disease, reproductive and developmental disruption as well as impacting vaccine response.

In January 2023 Germany, Denmark

Netherlands

Norway

Sweden

First developed in the 1940s, PFAS are a large group of more than 4,000 synthetic chemicals. Commonly known as “forever chemicals”, their properties make them water and oil repellent and highly resistant to chemical and thermal breakdown.

There are some Non-stick frying pans, waterproof rain jackets, flame retardant sofas and carpets, food packaging, makeup and countless other items all contain these chemicals.

Most PFAS's are colourless, tasteless and odourless and are already present in present drinking water and natural ecosystems, high level exposure to these toxic chemicals can elicit a range of negative health effects in humans and wildlife. These include an increased risk of certain cancers, kidney disease, cholesterol, reproductive and developmental disruption and a decreased vaccine response.

Humans cannot see, smell or taste PFAS in our water.

In Jauary 2023 the

The OECD definition (2021) which reads: “PFASs are defined as fluorinated substances that contain at least one fully fluorinated methyl or methylene carbon atom (without any H/Cl/Br/I atom attached to it), i.e. with a few noted exceptions, any chemical with at least a perfluorinated methyl group (–CF3) or a perfluorinated methylene group (–CF2–) is a PFAS.” [OECD. Series on Risk Management No. 61, 2021]. Substances meeting the chemical scope definition for this restriction proposal will therefore also meet the OECD PFAS definition.

PFAS are, or ultimately transform into, persistent substances, leading to irreversible environmental exposure and accumulation. Due to their water solubility and mobility, contamination of surface, ground- and drinking water and soil has occurred in the EU as well as globally and will continue. It has been proven very difficult and extremely costly to remove PFAS when released to the environment. In addition, some PFAS have been documented as toxic and/or bio-accumulative substances, both with respect to human health as well as the environment. Without taking action, their concentrations will continue to increase, and their toxic and polluting effects will be difficult to reverse.