Planned obsolescence - Revision history

Editor at 06:50, 10 May 2023

2023-05-10T06:50:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:50, 10 May 2023
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	* Sustainable procurement.		* Sustainable procurement.

−	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:Definitions]] [[Category:Standards_/_measurements]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]	+	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:Definitions]] [[Category:Standards_/_measurements]] [[Category:Products_/_components]] [[Category:Circular_economy]]

Designing Buildings at 10:01, 7 October 2022

2022-10-07T10:01:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:01, 7 October 2022
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	* Sustainable materials.		* Sustainable materials.
	* Sustainable procurement.		* Sustainable procurement.
		+
		+	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:Definitions]] [[Category:Standards_/_measurements]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

85.212.230.27 at 16:06, 14 July 2022

2022-07-14T16:06:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:06, 14 July 2022
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	For more information see: Product-life extension: product-life factor.		For more information see: Product-life extension: product-life factor.
		+
		+	--[[User:Editor\|editor]]

	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =		= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

Editor at 17:23, 17 March 2022

2022-03-17T17:23:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:23, 17 March 2022
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−	[[File:~~Old computer~~.jpg]]	+	[[File:Old_computer.jpg\|link=File:Old_computer.jpg]]

	= Introduction =		= Introduction =
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	Below an inclusive approach is taken that also includes some of the various related terms:		Below an inclusive approach is taken that also includes some of the various related terms:

−	= Contrived obsolescence (or durability) =	+	= Contrived obsolescence (or contrived durability) =

	Contrived obsolescence is best described as intentionally designing a shorter product life span, to require shorter replacement cycles and thus greater unit sales. The best-known example of this was the phoebus cartel of lighting manufacturers, between 1925 and 1955, prior to this, in 1921 osram and philips had a similar agreement. These agreements adopted a legal accord, in what was at that time an oligopoly of light bulb manufacturers to systematically reduce the life span of all light bulbs in the market. Over a period of around 10 years it is said that the price of light bulbs increased, whilst the life span of individual units reduced. The reduction was deemed to be around 1000 hours, which meant the Thomas Edisson lightbulb from some 50 years earlier lasted 500 hours longer than those manufactured during this period. There was no technological or supply reason for this difference, it was a market strategy to manufacture and sell more units, the durability of which was contrived to support this. The strategy ended in the late 1920s, when a Swedish-Danish-Norwegian union formed an independent manufacturing centre in 1931, finally selling lamps at considerably lower prices, despite attempts to stop them. Other similar examples may also be found in industries including the motor vehicle industry.		Contrived obsolescence is best described as intentionally designing a shorter product life span, to require shorter replacement cycles and thus greater unit sales. The best-known example of this was the phoebus cartel of lighting manufacturers, between 1925 and 1955, prior to this, in 1921 osram and philips had a similar agreement. These agreements adopted a legal accord, in what was at that time an oligopoly of light bulb manufacturers to systematically reduce the life span of all light bulbs in the market. Over a period of around 10 years it is said that the price of light bulbs increased, whilst the life span of individual units reduced. The reduction was deemed to be around 1000 hours, which meant the Thomas Edisson lightbulb from some 50 years earlier lasted 500 hours longer than those manufactured during this period. There was no technological or supply reason for this difference, it was a market strategy to manufacture and sell more units, the durability of which was contrived to support this. The strategy ended in the late 1920s, when a Swedish-Danish-Norwegian union formed an independent manufacturing centre in 1931, finally selling lamps at considerably lower prices, despite attempts to stop them. Other similar examples may also be found in industries including the motor vehicle industry.

Designing Buildings at 08:15, 28 February 2022

2022-02-28T08:15:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:15, 28 February 2022
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		+	[[File:Old computer.jpg]]
		+
	= Introduction =		= Introduction =

Designing Buildings at 08:09, 25 February 2022

2022-02-25T08:09:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:09, 25 February 2022
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	= Perceived obsolescence =		= Perceived obsolescence =

−	Finally, and possibly an even more open term, ~~that might also be described as~~ psychological obsolescence~~, also with~~ the potential to be interpreted as a systemic social issue, refers to desirability, style, or fashion. This is may ~~again~~ be considered an inherent part of ~~the~~ changing market trends and nature of market forces or more conscious manipulation to achieve greater turnover and replacement cycles.	+	Finally, and possibly an even more open term, perceived obsolescence (or psychological obsolescence) has the potential to be interpreted as a systemic social issue and refers to desirability, style, or fashion. This may be considered an inherent part of changing market trends and the nature of market forces or more conscious manipulation to achieve greater turnover and replacement cycles.
		+
		+	= Product-life extension or product-life factor =

	In many ways as a reaction to the issues surrounding planned obsolescence, the term product-life extension (or factor) was highlighted in the early 80s by W.Stahel. In his work he analysed different replacement systems, suggesting that extending the useful life of goods was a key element in the transition to a sustainable economy. This in many respects can be considered as the starting point for what was then described as closed-loop economies and is now referred to as the circular economy.		In many ways as a reaction to the issues surrounding planned obsolescence, the term product-life extension (or factor) was highlighted in the early 80s by W.Stahel. In his work he analysed different replacement systems, suggesting that extending the useful life of goods was a key element in the transition to a sustainable economy. This in many respects can be considered as the starting point for what was then described as closed-loop economies and is now referred to as the circular economy.

−	= Related articles on Designing Buildings ~~Wiki~~ =	+	For more information see: Product-life extension: product-life factor.
		+
		+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

	* Obsolescence.		* Obsolescence.
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	* Circular Construction in Regenerative Cities (CIRCuIT).		* Circular Construction in Regenerative Cities (CIRCuIT).
	* Circular economy.		* Circular economy.
−	* Building management systems BMS
	* CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme.		* CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme.
		+	* Design life.
	* Earth overshoot day.		* Earth overshoot day.
−	* Ecological impact assessment.
	* Economic sustainability.		* Economic sustainability.
	* Energy Performance Certificates.		* Energy Performance Certificates.
−	* Environmental impact assessment.
	* Environmental legislation.		* Environmental legislation.
	* Environmental plan.		* Environmental plan.
		+	* Life.
	* Reduce, reuse, recycle.		* Reduce, reuse, recycle.
	* Regenerative design.		* Regenerative design.
	* Sustainable materials.		* Sustainable materials.
	* Sustainable procurement.		* Sustainable procurement.

Designing Buildings at 08:04, 25 February 2022

2022-02-25T08:04:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:04, 25 February 2022
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	= Programmed obsolescence =		= Programmed obsolescence =

−	~~This term can be~~ related to more contemporary issues surrounding technology and software updates, where newer versions of software might render previous versions obsolete, or where technological reliance can render product elements obsolete, such as in the ~~known~~ case of ink cartridges. A number of legal cases can be found which relate to inkjet printers, tablets, and laptops, as well as lock-out access to software programs. This could be considered increasingly relevant in the design of buildings where remotely controlled utility equipment becomes more common. In building management systems the term obsolescence management refers to avoiding or delaying the obsolescence of electronic equipment that a building might rely on. This in turn has the potential to become increasingly relevant with the growth of the internet of things where increasing numbers of everyday objects might be controlled or monitored remotely through software systems.	+	Programmed obsolescence is related to more contemporary issues surrounding technology and software updates, where newer versions of software might render previous versions obsolete, or where technological reliance can render product elements obsolete, such as in the case of ink cartridges. A number of legal cases can be found which relate to inkjet printers, tablets, and laptops, as well as lock-out access to software programs. This could be considered increasingly relevant in the design of buildings where remotely controlled utility equipment becomes more common.

−	~~== Systemic Obsolescence ==~~	+	In building management systems the term obsolescence management refers to avoiding or delaying the obsolescence of electronic equipment that a building might rely on. This in turn has the potential to become increasingly relevant with the growth of the internet of things where increasing numbers of everyday objects might be controlled or monitored remotely through software systems.

−	~~This term has perhaps more open interpretation, debating between the inherent nature of~~ obsolescence in the development and improvement of products to meet certain standards and more intentional measures used to reduce possibilities for re-use and repair. Examples that might be included here could be the changing of fixings or screws between models to prevent the replacement of parts or the redesign of connectors, plugs, and sockets in electrical equipment. Legal obsolescence might also be considered as part of this group or separately, referring to systemic changes in standards or legislation that require previous products to become obsolete due to safety or environmental reasons. One example of which that might be highlighted is the gradual transition from petroleum to electric-powered vehicles brought about by changing legislations relating to air quality in majour city centres.	+	= Systemic obsolescence =

−	== Perceived ~~Obsolescence =~~=	+	Systemic obsolescence is perhaps more open to interpretation, between the inherent nature of obsolescence in the development and improvement of products to meet certain standards and more intentional measures used to reduce possibilities for re-use and repair. Examples that might be included here could be the changing of fixings or screws between models to prevent the replacement of parts or the redesign of connectors, plugs, and sockets in electrical equipment.
		+
		+	Legal obsolescence might also be considered as part of this group, referring to systemic changes in standards or legislation that require previous products to become obsolete due to safety or environmental reasons. One example of which is the gradual transition from petroleum to electric-powered vehicles brought about by changing legislations relating to air quality in major city centres.
		+
		+	= Perceived obsolescence =

	Finally, and possibly an even more open term, that might also be described as psychological obsolescence, also with the potential to be interpreted as a systemic social issue, refers to desirability, style, or fashion. This is may again be considered an inherent part of the changing market trends and nature of market forces or more conscious manipulation to achieve greater turnover and replacement cycles.		Finally, and possibly an even more open term, that might also be described as psychological obsolescence, also with the potential to be interpreted as a systemic social issue, refers to desirability, style, or fashion. This is may again be considered an inherent part of the changing market trends and nature of market forces or more conscious manipulation to achieve greater turnover and replacement cycles.

Designing Buildings at 08:01, 25 February 2022

2022-02-25T08:01:12Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:01, 25 February 2022
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−	May also be known as built-in obsolescence, premature obsolescence or pre-determined obsolescence. These terms in general relate to formal design development policies that artificially limit the expected life span of products but other terms cover a spectrum of meanings. In construction terms these might potentially affect the products used in buildings, that in turn may impact maintenance methods and replacement cycles, where utilities may be remotely managed or through the use of building management systems through to fit out. The practice described in some of the given examples is less common, however it may be at times difficult to distinguish between obsolescence that occurs as part of the natural cycle of renewal and that which is planned or predetermined. There are therefore different levels and ways to categorise planned obsolescence, below an inclusive approach is taken that also includes some of the various related terms:	+	= Introduction =

−	~~== Contrived Obsolescence (~~or ~~durability) ==~~	+	Planned obsolescence may also be known as built-in obsolescence, premature obsolescence or pre-determined obsolescence. These terms in general relate to formal design development policies that artificially limit the expected life of products, but other terms cover a spectrum of meanings. In construction terms these might potentially affect the products used in buildings, that in turn may impact maintenance methods and replacement cycles, where utilities may be remotely managed or through the use of building management systems through to fit out. The practice described in some of the given examples is less common, however it may at times be difficult to distinguish between obsolescence that occurs as part of the natural cycle of renewal and that which is planned or predetermined. There are therefore different levels and ways to categorise planned obsolescence.

−	This is best described as intentionally designing a shorter product life span, to required shorter replacement cycles and thus greater unit sales. The best-known example of this was carried out by the phoebus cartel of lighting manufacturers, set-up to last between 1925 and 1955, prior to this, in 1921 osram and philips had a similar agreement. These agreements adopted a legal accord between, in what was at that time an ~~oligopoly of, light bulb manufacturers to systematically reduce the life span of all light bulbs in the market. Over the period of around 10 years it~~ is ~~said~~ that ~~the price of light bulbs increased, whilst the life span of individual units reduced. The reduction was deemed to be around 1000 hours, which meant the thomas edisson lightbulb from~~ some 50 years earlier lasted 500 hours longer than those manufactured during the said period. There was no technological or supply reason for this difference, it was a market strategy to manufacture and sell more units, the durability of ~~which was contrived to support this. The strategy ended in~~ the late 1920s, when a swedish-danish-norwegian union formed an independent manufacturing center in 1931, finally selling lamps at considerably lower prices, despite attempts to stop them. Other similar examples may also be found in various ~~industries including the motor vehicle industry.~~	+	Below an inclusive approach is taken that also includes some of the various related terms:

−	== ~~Programmed Obsolescence~~ ==	+	= Contrived obsolescence (or durability) =
		+
		+	Contrived obsolescence is best described as intentionally designing a shorter product life span, to require shorter replacement cycles and thus greater unit sales. The best-known example of this was the phoebus cartel of lighting manufacturers, between 1925 and 1955, prior to this, in 1921 osram and philips had a similar agreement. These agreements adopted a legal accord, in what was at that time an oligopoly of light bulb manufacturers to systematically reduce the life span of all light bulbs in the market. Over a period of around 10 years it is said that the price of light bulbs increased, whilst the life span of individual units reduced. The reduction was deemed to be around 1000 hours, which meant the Thomas Edisson lightbulb from some 50 years earlier lasted 500 hours longer than those manufactured during this period. There was no technological or supply reason for this difference, it was a market strategy to manufacture and sell more units, the durability of which was contrived to support this. The strategy ended in the late 1920s, when a Swedish-Danish-Norwegian union formed an independent manufacturing centre in 1931, finally selling lamps at considerably lower prices, despite attempts to stop them. Other similar examples may also be found in industries including the motor vehicle industry.
		+
		+	= Programmed obsolescence =

	This term can be related to more contemporary issues surrounding technology and software updates, where newer versions of software might render previous versions obsolete, or where technological reliance can render product elements obsolete, such as in the known case of ink cartridges. A number of legal cases can be found which relate to inkjet printers, tablets, and laptops, as well as lock-out access to software programs. This could be considered increasingly relevant in the design of buildings where remotely controlled utility equipment becomes more common. In building management systems the term obsolescence management refers to avoiding or delaying the obsolescence of electronic equipment that a building might rely on. This in turn has the potential to become increasingly relevant with the growth of the internet of things where increasing numbers of everyday objects might be controlled or monitored remotely through software systems.		This term can be related to more contemporary issues surrounding technology and software updates, where newer versions of software might render previous versions obsolete, or where technological reliance can render product elements obsolete, such as in the known case of ink cartridges. A number of legal cases can be found which relate to inkjet printers, tablets, and laptops, as well as lock-out access to software programs. This could be considered increasingly relevant in the design of buildings where remotely controlled utility equipment becomes more common. In building management systems the term obsolescence management refers to avoiding or delaying the obsolescence of electronic equipment that a building might rely on. This in turn has the potential to become increasingly relevant with the growth of the internet of things where increasing numbers of everyday objects might be controlled or monitored remotely through software systems.

Editor at 21:51, 24 February 2022

2022-02-24T21:51:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:51, 24 February 2022
Line 22:		Line 22:

	* Obsolescence.		* Obsolescence.
		+	* Product-life extension: product-life factor.
	* Building Transformation: concepts and definitions.		* Building Transformation: concepts and definitions.
	* Circular Construction in Regenerative Cities (CIRCuIT).		* Circular Construction in Regenerative Cities (CIRCuIT).

Editor at 21:32, 24 February 2022

2022-02-24T21:32:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:32, 24 February 2022
Line 21:		Line 21:
	= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =		= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =

−	* ~~[https://www~~.~~designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Designing_Buildings_Wiki Obsolescence]~~	+	* Obsolescence.
−	* ~~[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Designing_Buildings_Wiki~~ Building Transformation: concepts and definitions]	+	* Building Transformation: concepts and definitions.
−	* ~~[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Designing_Buildings_Wiki~~ Circular Construction in Regenerative Cities (CIRCuIT).]	+	* Circular Construction in Regenerative Cities (CIRCuIT).
−	* ~~[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Designing_Buildings_Wiki~~ Circular economy.]	+	* Circular economy.
−	* ~~[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Designing_Buildings_Wiki~~ Building management systems BMS]	+	* Building management systems BMS
−	* ~~[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Designing_Buildings_Wiki~~ CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme.]	+	* CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme.
−	* ~~[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Designing_Buildings_Wiki~~ Earth overshoot day.]	+	* Earth overshoot day.
−	* ~~[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Designing_Buildings_Wiki~~ Ecological impact assessment.]	+	* Ecological impact assessment.
−	* ~~[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Designing_Buildings_Wiki~~ Economic sustainability.]	+	* Economic sustainability.
−	* ~~[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Designing_Buildings_Wiki~~ Energy Performance Certificates.]	+	* Energy Performance Certificates.
−	* ~~[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Designing_Buildings_Wiki~~ Environmental impact assessment.]	+	* Environmental impact assessment.
−	* ~~[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Designing_Buildings_Wiki~~ Environmental legislation.]	+	* Environmental legislation.
−	* ~~[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Designing_Buildings_Wiki~~ Environmental plan.]	+	* Environmental plan.
−	* ~~[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Designing_Buildings_Wiki~~ Reduce, reuse, recycle.]	+	* Reduce, reuse, recycle.
−	* ~~[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Designing_Buildings_Wiki~~ Regenerative design.]	+	* Regenerative design.
−	* ~~[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Designing_Buildings_Wiki~~ Sustainable materials.]	+	* Sustainable materials.
−	* ~~[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Designing_Buildings_Wiki~~ Sustainable procurement.]	+	* Sustainable procurement.