Piling equipment - Revision history

Editor at 18:47, 4 November 2021

2021-11-04T18:47:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:47, 4 November 2021
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	Pile extractors deliver a rapid number of upward blows which cause the extracting jaws to grip and lift piles out of the ground. Alternatively, a double-acting hammer can be inverted for use, working on the principle of hitting the pile out of the ground.		Pile extractors deliver a rapid number of upward blows which cause the extracting jaws to grip and lift piles out of the ground. Alternatively, a double-acting hammer can be inverted for use, working on the principle of hitting the pile out of the ground.

−	~~= Find out more =~~	+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =
−		+
−	=== Related articles on Designing Buildings ~~Wiki ==~~=	+

	* Bored piles.		* Bored piles.
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	* Pile foundations.		* Pile foundations.
	* Pile integrity test.		* Pile integrity test.
		+	* Pile wall.
	* Piling mat.		* Piling mat.
	* Testing pile foundations.		* Testing pile foundations.

	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]		[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Designing Buildings at 07:51, 23 September 2020

2020-09-23T07:51:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:51, 23 September 2020
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	* Testing pile foundations.		* Testing pile foundations.

−	[[Category:~~Construction_techniques~~]] [[Category:~~Products_/_components~~]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]]	+	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Editor at 12:21, 3 May 2018

2018-05-03T12:21:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:21, 3 May 2018
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	* Excavating plant.		* Excavating plant.
	* Pile foundations.		* Pile foundations.
		+	* Pile integrity test.
	* Piling mat.		* Piling mat.
	* Testing pile foundations.		* Testing pile foundations.

−	[[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]	+	[[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]]

Editor at 16:20, 30 April 2018

2018-04-30T16:20:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:20, 30 April 2018
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	* Pile foundations.		* Pile foundations.
	* Piling mat.		* Piling mat.
		+	* Testing pile foundations.

	[[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]		[[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Editor at 14:49, 22 January 2018

2018-01-22T14:49:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:49, 22 January 2018
Line 72:		Line 72:
	* Excavating plant.		* Excavating plant.
	* Pile foundations.		* Pile foundations.
		+	* Piling mat.

	[[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]		[[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Designing Buildings at 07:47, 18 October 2016

2016-10-18T07:47:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:47, 18 October 2016
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	Piles are formed by long, slender, columnar elements typically made from steel or reinforced concrete, or sometimes timber. The type of pile will determine the pile driving equipment that is most suitable. Other determining factors include; height, manoeuvrability on the site, surface conditions, obstructions such as existing surfaces, and so on.		Piles are formed by long, slender, columnar elements typically made from steel or reinforced concrete, or sometimes timber. The type of pile will determine the pile driving equipment that is most suitable. Other determining factors include; height, manoeuvrability on the site, surface conditions, obstructions such as existing surfaces, and so on.

−	Piles may be replacement ~~(driven)~~ or displacement ~~(bored)~~:	+	Piles may be replacement or displacement:

−	* ~~Driven (or displacement)~~ piles are driven, jacked, vibrated or screwed into the ground, displacing the material around the pile shaft outwards and downwards instead of removing it.	+	* Displacement piles are driven, jacked, vibrated or screwed into the ground, displacing the material around the pile shaft outwards and downwards instead of removing it.
−	* ~~Bored (or replacement)~~ piles remove spoil to form a hole for the pile which is poured in situ.	+	* Replacement piles remove spoil to form a hole for the pile which is poured in situ.

	= Bored (replacement) piles =		= Bored (replacement) piles =

−	Bored (replacement) piles ~~will~~ require rotary augering equipment. The piling rig is equipped with a telescopic arm or bar known as a Kelly bar which slides vertically and holds a short length of auger or a digging bucket on the end of it. The auger is a drilling device that usually includes a rotating helical screw blade. When the auger or bucket is rotated it excavates the ground. The bar is then retracted, the rig slewed, and the excavated material ejected by spinning the Kelly and tool rapidly.	+	Bored (replacement) piles require rotary augering equipment. The piling rig is equipped with a telescopic arm or bar known as a Kelly bar which slides vertically and holds a short length of auger or a digging bucket on the end of it. The auger is a drilling device that usually includes a rotating helical screw blade. When the auger or bucket is rotated it excavates the ground. The bar is then retracted, the rig slewed, and the excavated material ejected by spinning the Kelly and tool rapidly.

	= Driven (displacement) piles =		= Driven (displacement) piles =

−	Driven (displacement) piles ~~will~~ require pile drivers. These can be either percussion, hydraulic or vibratory drivers.	+	Driven (displacement) piles require pile drivers. These can be either percussion, hydraulic or vibratory drivers.

	== Percussion drivers ==		== Percussion drivers ==

−	These are commonly ~~different~~ types of hammer ~~that are~~ designed to deliver an impact blow to the top of the pile. The type of subsoil and pile will determine both the hammer weight and the drop height. A steel helmet padded with a sand bed and cushioned with a ‘dolly’ (plastic or hardwood block) is used to protect the pile head from damage.	+	These are commonly types of hammer designed to deliver an impact blow to the top of the pile. The type of subsoil and pile will determine both the hammer weight and the drop height. A steel helmet padded with a sand bed and cushioned with a ‘dolly’ (plastic or hardwood block) is used to protect the pile head from damage.

	The main types of hammer used in pile driving include:		The main types of hammer used in pile driving include:
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	=== Drop hammer ===		=== Drop hammer ===

−	This is a block of iron which is dropped from a rig attached and suspended by rope. The weight ranges from 0.75-3 tonnes, and the number of blows which can be delivered with a free fall of 1.2-1.5 m ranges from 10-20 per minute.	+	This is a block of iron which is dropped from a rig attached and suspended by rope. The weight typically ranges from 0.75-3 tonnes, and the number of blows which can be delivered with a free fall of 1.2-1.5 m ranges from 10-20 per minute.

	=== Air hammer ===		=== Air hammer ===
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	These use compressed air and are either single-acting or double-acting.		These use compressed air and are either single-acting or double-acting.

−	Single-acting air hammers are semi-automatic and consist of a heavy failing cylinder sliding up and down a fixed piston, raised by steam or compressed air. The hammer is suspended from a crane and guided by leaders in the piling frame to maintain ~~the~~ position relative to the pile head. The hammer rises and falls with the admittance and exhaust of compressed air through valves. Blows delivered can range from 36-75 per minute.	+	Single-acting air hammers are semi-automatic and consist of a heavy failing cylinder sliding up and down a fixed piston, raised by steam or compressed air. The hammer is suspended from a crane and guided by leaders in the piling frame to maintain position relative to the pile head. The hammer rises and falls with the admittance and exhaust of compressed air through valves. Blows delivered can range from 36-75 per minute.

	Double-acting air hammers consist of a cast iron cylinder remaining stationary on the pile head while the hammer delivers a series of rapid blows using compressed air. While the force of the hammer is less than that of a single-acting hammer, the number of blows is much greater (ranging from 95-300 per minute). This type of hammer is suitable in situations where the use of a conventional hammer is prohibited by reduced head-room.		Double-acting air hammers consist of a cast iron cylinder remaining stationary on the pile head while the hammer delivers a series of rapid blows using compressed air. While the force of the hammer is less than that of a single-acting hammer, the number of blows is much greater (ranging from 95-300 per minute). This type of hammer is suitable in situations where the use of a conventional hammer is prohibited by reduced head-room.
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	=== Diesel hammer ===		=== Diesel hammer ===

−	These are self-contained units suspended from a crane or slide-in leaders rested on the pile head. A falling cylinder of steel within the unit ~~constitutes~~ the driving action, raised by the explosion of gas from the automatic injection of fuel. The cycle continues until the fuel is cut off. Hammers ~~can~~ weigh from 2-6 tonnes, and the number of blows ranges from 40-60 per minute.	+	These are self-contained units suspended from a crane or slide-in leaders rested on the pile head. A falling cylinder of steel within the unit generates the driving action, raised by the explosion of gas from the automatic injection of fuel. The cycle continues until the fuel is cut off. Hammers weigh from 2-6 tonnes, and the number of blows ranges from 40-60 per minute.

	== Hydraulic drivers ==		== Hydraulic drivers ==

−	~~These~~ drivers are used for sheet piles, pushing them into the ground by means of a hydraulic ram ~~acting against a firm reaction. The skin friction of piles already part-driven provides the reaction~~. An example of a hydraulic driver is the ‘Still Worker’ designed by the Japanese firm Tosa.	+	Hydraulic drivers are typically used for sheet piles, pushing them into the ground by means of a hydraulic ram. An example of a hydraulic driver is the ‘Still Worker’ designed by the Japanese firm Tosa.

	== Vibratory drivers ==		== Vibratory drivers ==

−	~~These~~ drivers are used to vibrate the piles, reducing the surrounding ground resistance, and allowing them to pass into the ground. Depending on the nature of the soil the vibrations can be either low or high frequency, although they should be ~~avoided~~ in heavy clays ~~since~~ the vibrations tend to be dampened. The vibrators are driven by ~~specially designed~~ diesel-hydraulic power units.	+	Vibratory drivers are used to vibrate the piles, reducing the surrounding ground resistance, and allowing them to pass into the ground. Depending on the nature of the soil the vibrations can be either low or high frequency, although they should not be used in heavy clays as the vibrations tend to be dampened. The vibrators are driven by diesel-hydraulic power units.

	= Pile extraction =		= Pile extraction =

−	The speed and method of extraction will depend on ~~many~~ factors, including:	+	The speed and method of extraction will depend on factors including:

	* The ground and water conditions.		* The ground and water conditions.

Designing Buildings at 07:11, 18 October 2016

2016-10-18T07:11:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:11, 18 October 2016
Line 6:		Line 6:

	Piles are formed by long, slender, columnar elements typically made from steel or reinforced concrete, or sometimes timber. The type of pile will determine the pile driving equipment that is most suitable. Other determining factors include; height, manoeuvrability on the site, surface conditions, obstructions such as existing surfaces, and so on.		Piles are formed by long, slender, columnar elements typically made from steel or reinforced concrete, or sometimes timber. The type of pile will determine the pile driving equipment that is most suitable. Other determining factors include; height, manoeuvrability on the site, surface conditions, obstructions such as existing surfaces, and so on.
		+
		+	Piles may be replacement (driven) or displacement (bored):
		+
		+	* Driven (or displacement) piles are driven, jacked, vibrated or screwed into the ground, displacing the material around the pile shaft outwards and downwards instead of removing it.
		+	* Bored (or replacement) piles remove spoil to form a hole for the pile which is poured in situ.

	= Bored (replacement) piles =		= Bored (replacement) piles =

Designing Buildings at 07:09, 18 October 2016

2016-10-18T07:09:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:09, 18 October 2016
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−	[[File:Piledriver.jpg]]	+	[[File:Piledriver.jpg\|link=File:Piledriver.jpg]]

	= Introduction =		= Introduction =

−	Pile foundations are deep foundations. ~~They are formed by long, slender, columnar elements typically made from steel or reinforced concrete, or sometimes timber~~.	+	Very broadly, foundations can be categorised as shallow foundations or deep foundations. Pile foundations are deep foundations. A foundation is described as 'piled' when its depth is more than three times its breadth.

−	The type of pile will determine the pile driving equipment that is most suitable. Other determining factors include ~~the~~ height ~~and~~ manoeuvrability on the site, ~~the~~ surface conditions, obstructions such as existing surfaces, and so on.	+	Piles are formed by long, slender, columnar elements typically made from steel or reinforced concrete, or sometimes timber. The type of pile will determine the pile driving equipment that is most suitable. Other determining factors include; height, manoeuvrability on the site, surface conditions, obstructions such as existing surfaces, and so on.

	= Bored (replacement) piles =		= Bored (replacement) piles =

Editor: Created page with "File:Piledriver.jpg = Introduction = Pile foundations are deep foundations. They are formed by long, slender, columnar elements typically made from steel or reinforced conc..."

2016-10-17T14:10:50Z

Created page with "File:Piledriver.jpg = Introduction = Pile foundations are deep foundations. They are formed by long, slender, columnar elements typically made from steel or reinforced conc..."

New page

[[File:Piledriver.jpg]]

= Introduction =

Pile foundations are deep foundations. They are formed by long, slender, columnar elements typically made from steel or reinforced concrete, or sometimes timber.

The type of pile will determine the pile driving equipment that is most suitable. Other determining factors include the height and manoeuvrability on the site, the surface conditions, obstructions such as existing surfaces, and so on.

= Bored (replacement) piles =

Bored (replacement) piles will require rotary augering equipment. The piling rig is equipped with a telescopic arm or bar known as a Kelly bar which slides vertically and holds a short length of auger or a digging bucket on the end of it. The auger is a drilling device that usually includes a rotating helical screw blade. When the auger or bucket is rotated it excavates the ground. The bar is then retracted, the rig slewed, and the excavated material ejected by spinning the Kelly and tool rapidly.

= Driven (displacement) piles =

Driven (displacement) piles will require pile drivers. These can be either percussion, hydraulic or vibratory drivers.

== Percussion drivers ==

These are commonly different types of hammer that are designed to deliver an impact blow to the top of the pile. The type of subsoil and pile will determine both the hammer weight and the drop height. A steel helmet padded with a sand bed and cushioned with a ‘dolly’ (plastic or hardwood block) is used to protect the pile head from damage.

The main types of hammer used in pile driving include:

=== Drop hammer ===

This is a block of iron which is dropped from a rig attached and suspended by rope. The weight ranges from 0.75-3 tonnes, and the number of blows which can be delivered with a free fall of 1.2-1.5 m ranges from 10-20 per minute.

=== Air hammer ===

These use compressed air and are either single-acting or double-acting.

Single-acting air hammers are semi-automatic and consist of a heavy failing cylinder sliding up and down a fixed piston, raised by steam or compressed air. The hammer is suspended from a crane and guided by leaders in the piling frame to maintain the position relative to the pile head. The hammer rises and falls with the admittance and exhaust of compressed air through valves. Blows delivered can range from 36-75 per minute.

Double-acting air hammers consist of a cast iron cylinder remaining stationary on the pile head while the hammer delivers a series of rapid blows using compressed air. While the force of the hammer is less than that of a single-acting hammer, the number of blows is much greater (ranging from 95-300 per minute). This type of hammer is suitable in situations where the use of a conventional hammer is prohibited by reduced head-room.

=== Diesel hammer ===

These are self-contained units suspended from a crane or slide-in leaders rested on the pile head. A falling cylinder of steel within the unit constitutes the driving action, raised by the explosion of gas from the automatic injection of fuel. The cycle continues until the fuel is cut off. Hammers can weigh from 2-6 tonnes, and the number of blows ranges from 40-60 per minute.

== Hydraulic drivers ==

These drivers are used for sheet piles, pushing them into the ground by means of a hydraulic ram acting against a firm reaction. The skin friction of piles already part-driven provides the reaction. An example of a hydraulic driver is the ‘Still Worker’ designed by the Japanese firm Tosa.

== Vibratory drivers ==

These drivers are used to vibrate the piles, reducing the surrounding ground resistance, and allowing them to pass into the ground. Depending on the nature of the soil the vibrations can be either low or high frequency, although they should be avoided in heavy clays since the vibrations tend to be dampened. The vibrators are driven by specially designed diesel-hydraulic power units.

= Pile extraction =

The speed and method of extraction will depend on many factors, including:

* The ground and water conditions.
* How long the piles have been in the ground.
* The pile section and length.
* The driving method and hammer weight.

Pile extractors deliver a rapid number of upward blows which cause the extracting jaws to grip and lift piles out of the ground. Alternatively, a double-acting hammer can be inverted for use, working on the principle of hitting the pile out of the ground.

= Find out more =

=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===

* Bored piles.
* Construction plant.
* Construction tools.
* Continuous flight auger piles.
* Driven piles.
* Excavating plant.
* Pile foundations.

[[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]