Pile foundations - Revision history

Designing Buildings at 09:07, 23 November 2022

2022-11-23T09:07:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:07, 23 November 2022
Line 109:		Line 109:
	* Pre-cast pile.		* Pre-cast pile.
	* Sheet pile.		* Sheet pile.
		+
		+	For more information see: Types of pile foundation.

	= What piling equipment is used? =		= What piling equipment is used? =
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	* Secant pile wall.		* Secant pile wall.
	* Sheet piles.		* Sheet piles.
		+	* Types of pile foundation.

	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Products_/_components]] [[Category:Construction_manager]]		[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Products_/_components]] [[Category:Construction_manager]]

Designing Buildings at 08:56, 23 November 2022

2022-11-23T08:56:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:56, 23 November 2022
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	* Knee pile.		* Knee pile.
	* Monopile.		* Monopile.
		+	* Pre-cast pile.
	* Sheet pile.		* Sheet pile.

Designing Buildings at 09:53, 11 November 2022

2022-11-11T09:53:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:53, 11 November 2022
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	[https://www.ciria.org/ItemDetail?iProductCode=C793F&Category=FREEPUBS&WebsiteKey=3f18c87a-d62b-4eca-8ef4-9b09309c1c91 Groynes in coastal engineering (CIRIA C793)], published by CIRIA in 2020, defines contiguous piles as; ‘…cast-in-place concrete piles immediately adjacent to or touching each other. Sometimes used for plank piles.’		[https://www.ciria.org/ItemDetail?iProductCode=C793F&Category=FREEPUBS&WebsiteKey=3f18c87a-d62b-4eca-8ef4-9b09309c1c91 Groynes in coastal engineering (CIRIA C793)], published by CIRIA in 2020, defines contiguous piles as; ‘…cast-in-place concrete piles immediately adjacent to or touching each other. Sometimes used for plank piles.’
		+
		+	== Others ==
		+
		+	* King pile.
		+	* Knee pile.
		+	* Monopile.
		+	* Sheet pile.

	= What piling equipment is used? =		= What piling equipment is used? =
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	* Knee pile.		* Knee pile.
	* Micropiles.		* Micropiles.
		+	* Monopile.
	* Pad foundation.		* Pad foundation.
	* Pile cap.		* Pile cap.

Designing Buildings at 07:43, 8 November 2022

2022-11-08T07:43:12Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:43, 8 November 2022
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−	= ~~Introduction~~ =	+	{\|
		+	\| [[File:Pile_cap.jpg\|link=File:Pile_cap.jpg]]
		+	\| [[File:Piledriver.jpg\|link=File:Piledriver.jpg]]
		+	\|-
		+	\| [[File:Pile_Driving_2.jpg\|link=File:Pile_Driving_2.jpg]]
		+	\| [[File:Secant_pile_wall.jpg\|link=File:Secant_pile_wall.jpg]]
		+	\|}
		+
		+	= What are foundations? =

−	Foundations provide support for structures, transferring their ~~[[Types_of_structural_load\|~~load]] to layers of soil or rock that have sufficient bearing capacity and suitable settlement characteristics. There are a very wide range of foundation types available, suitable for different applications, depending on considerations, such as:	+	Foundations provide support for structures, transferring their load to layers of soil or rock that have sufficient bearing capacity and suitable settlement characteristics. There are a very wide range of foundation types available, suitable for different applications, depending on considerations, such as:

−	* The ~~[[Loads\|~~nature of the load]] requiring support.	+	* The nature of the load requiring support.
	* Ground conditions.		* Ground conditions.
	* The presence of water.		* The presence of water.
Line 9:		Line 17:
	* Cost.		* Cost.
	* Accessibility.		* Accessibility.
−	* Sensitivity to noise and ~~[[Vibrations_in_buildings\|~~vibration]].	+	* Sensitivity to noise and vibration.
	* Proximity to other structures.		* Proximity to other structures.
−	* Load exerted on the piles ~~(see below)~~.	+	* Load exerted on the piles.
		+
		+	= How are foundations classified? =

	Very broadly, foundations can be categorised as shallow foundations or deep foundations. Shallow foundations are typically used where the loads imposed by a structure are low relative to the bearing capacity of the surface soils. Deep foundations are necessary where the bearing capacity of the surface soils is insufficient to support loads imposed and so they are transferred to deeper layers with higher bearing capacity.		Very broadly, foundations can be categorised as shallow foundations or deep foundations. Shallow foundations are typically used where the loads imposed by a structure are low relative to the bearing capacity of the surface soils. Deep foundations are necessary where the bearing capacity of the surface soils is insufficient to support loads imposed and so they are transferred to deeper layers with higher bearing capacity.
		+
		+	= What are pile foundations? =

	Pile foundations are deep foundations. They are formed by long, slender, columnar elements typically made from steel or reinforced concrete, or sometimes timber. A foundation is described as 'piled' when its depth is more than three times its breadth (ref. Atkinson, 2007).		Pile foundations are deep foundations. They are formed by long, slender, columnar elements typically made from steel or reinforced concrete, or sometimes timber. A foundation is described as 'piled' when its depth is more than three times its breadth (ref. Atkinson, 2007).
Line 19:		Line 31:
	Pile foundations are principally used to transfer the loads from superstructures, through weak, compressible strata or water onto stronger, more compact, less compressible and stiffer soil or rock at depth, increasing the effective size of a foundation and resisting horizontal loads. They are typically used for large structures, and in situations where soil is not suitable to prevent excessive settlement.		Pile foundations are principally used to transfer the loads from superstructures, through weak, compressible strata or water onto stronger, more compact, less compressible and stiffer soil or rock at depth, increasing the effective size of a foundation and resisting horizontal loads. They are typically used for large structures, and in situations where soil is not suitable to prevent excessive settlement.

−	{\|	+	= What are the types of pile foundations? =
−	~~\| [[File:Pile_cap.jpg\|link~~=~~File:Pile_cap.jpg]]~~	+
−	~~\| [[File:Piledriver.jpg\|link~~=~~File:Piledriver.jpg]]~~	+
−	\|-	+
−	~~\| [[File:Pile_Driving_2.jpg\|link=File:Pile_Driving_2.jpg]]~~	+
−	~~\| [[File:Secant_pile_wall.jpg\|link=File:Secant_pile_wall.jpg]]~~	+
−	\|}	+

−	~~= Pile classifications =~~	+	Piles may be classified by their basic design function ([[End-bearing_piles\|end-bearing]], [[Friction_piles\|friction]] or a combination) or by their method of construction (displacement (driven) or replacement (bored)).

−	~~Piles may be classified by their basic design function ([[~~End~~-bearing_piles\|end~~-bearing~~]], [[Friction_piles\|friction]] or a combination) or by their method of construction (displacement (driven) or replacement (bored)).~~	+	== End-bearing piles ==

	[[End-bearing_piles\|End-bearing piles]] develop most of their friction at the toe of the pile, bearing on a hard layer. The pile transmits load directly to firm strata, and also receives lateral restraint from subsoil.		[[End-bearing_piles\|End-bearing piles]] develop most of their friction at the toe of the pile, bearing on a hard layer. The pile transmits load directly to firm strata, and also receives lateral restraint from subsoil.

	For more information, see 'end-bearing piles'.		For more information, see 'end-bearing piles'.
		+
		+	== Friction piles ==

	[[Friction_piles\|Friction (or floating) piles]] develop most of the pile-bearing capacity by [[Shear_force\|shear stresses]] along the sides of the pile, and are suitable where harder layers are too deep. The pile transmits the load to surrounding soil by friction between the surface of the pile and soil, which in effect lowers the bulb of pressure.		[[Friction_piles\|Friction (or floating) piles]] develop most of the pile-bearing capacity by [[Shear_force\|shear stresses]] along the sides of the pile, and are suitable where harder layers are too deep. The pile transmits the load to surrounding soil by friction between the surface of the pile and soil, which in effect lowers the bulb of pressure.
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	For more information, see 'friction piles'.		For more information, see 'friction piles'.

−	= Driven piles =	+	== Driven piles ==

	Driven (or displacement) piles are driven, jacked, vibrated or screwed into the ground, displacing the material around the pile shaft outwards and downwards instead of removing it.		Driven (or displacement) piles are driven, jacked, vibrated or screwed into the ground, displacing the material around the pile shaft outwards and downwards instead of removing it.
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	For more information, see 'driven piles'.		For more information, see 'driven piles'.

−	= Bored piles =	+	== Bored piles ==

	Bored (or replacement) piles remove spoil to form a hole for the pile which is poured in situ. They are used primarily in cohesive subsoils for the formation of friction piles and when forming pile foundations close to existing buildings.		Bored (or replacement) piles remove spoil to form a hole for the pile which is poured in situ. They are used primarily in cohesive subsoils for the formation of friction piles and when forming pile foundations close to existing buildings.
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	If the boring and pouring takes place simultaneously, piles are called continuous flight auger (CFA) piles.		If the boring and pouring takes place simultaneously, piles are called continuous flight auger (CFA) piles.

−	= Screw piles =	+	= Other types of piles =
		+
		+	== Screw piles ==

	Screw piles have a helix near the pile toe so they can be screwed into the ground. The process and concept is similar to screwing into wood.		Screw piles have a helix near the pile toe so they can be screwed into the ground. The process and concept is similar to screwing into wood.
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	For more information, see 'screw pile foundations'.		For more information, see 'screw pile foundations'.

−	= Micropiles =	+	== Micropiles ==

	Micropiles (or mini piles) are used where access is restricted, for example underpinning structures affected by settlement. They can be driven or screwed into place.		Micropiles (or mini piles) are used where access is restricted, for example underpinning structures affected by settlement. They can be driven or screwed into place.
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	For more information, see 'micropiles'.		For more information, see 'micropiles'.

−	= Pile walls =	+	== Pile walls ==

	Pile walls can be used to create permanent or temporary retaining walls. They are formed by placing piles directly adjacent to one another. These can be closely-spaced contiguous pile walls or interlocking secant pile walls, which depending on the composition of the secondary intermediate piles can be hard/soft, hard/firm or hard/hard secant walls.		Pile walls can be used to create permanent or temporary retaining walls. They are formed by placing piles directly adjacent to one another. These can be closely-spaced contiguous pile walls or interlocking secant pile walls, which depending on the composition of the secondary intermediate piles can be hard/soft, hard/firm or hard/hard secant walls.
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	For more information, see 'pile wall', 'sheet piles and 'secant pile wall'.		For more information, see 'pile wall', 'sheet piles and 'secant pile wall'.

−	= Geothermal piles =	+	== Geothermal piles ==

	Geothermal piles combine pile foundations with closed-loop ground-source heat pump systems. They provide support to a structure, as well as acting as a heat source and a heat sink.		Geothermal piles combine pile foundations with closed-loop ground-source heat pump systems. They provide support to a structure, as well as acting as a heat source and a heat sink.
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	For more information, see 'geothermal pile foundations'.		For more information, see 'geothermal pile foundations'.

−	= Contiguous piles =	+	== Contiguous piles ==

	[https://www.ciria.org/ItemDetail?iProductCode=C793F&Category=FREEPUBS&WebsiteKey=3f18c87a-d62b-4eca-8ef4-9b09309c1c91 Groynes in coastal engineering (CIRIA C793)], published by CIRIA in 2020, defines contiguous piles as; ‘…cast-in-place concrete piles immediately adjacent to or touching each other. Sometimes used for plank piles.’		[https://www.ciria.org/ItemDetail?iProductCode=C793F&Category=FREEPUBS&WebsiteKey=3f18c87a-d62b-4eca-8ef4-9b09309c1c91 Groynes in coastal engineering (CIRIA C793)], published by CIRIA in 2020, defines contiguous piles as; ‘…cast-in-place concrete piles immediately adjacent to or touching each other. Sometimes used for plank piles.’

−	= ~~Piling~~ equipment =	+	= What piling equipment is used? =

	A wide range of equipment is available for piling, including:		A wide range of equipment is available for piling, including:

Designing Buildings at 11:19, 9 August 2022

2022-08-09T11:19:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:19, 9 August 2022
Line 14:		Line 14:

	Very broadly, foundations can be categorised as shallow foundations or deep foundations. Shallow foundations are typically used where the loads imposed by a structure are low relative to the bearing capacity of the surface soils. Deep foundations are necessary where the bearing capacity of the surface soils is insufficient to support loads imposed and so they are transferred to deeper layers with higher bearing capacity.		Very broadly, foundations can be categorised as shallow foundations or deep foundations. Shallow foundations are typically used where the loads imposed by a structure are low relative to the bearing capacity of the surface soils. Deep foundations are necessary where the bearing capacity of the surface soils is insufficient to support loads imposed and so they are transferred to deeper layers with higher bearing capacity.
−
−	~~{{:Newsletter_sign_up_CTA}}~~

	Pile foundations are deep foundations. They are formed by long, slender, columnar elements typically made from steel or reinforced concrete, or sometimes timber. A foundation is described as 'piled' when its depth is more than three times its breadth (ref. Atkinson, 2007).		Pile foundations are deep foundations. They are formed by long, slender, columnar elements typically made from steel or reinforced concrete, or sometimes timber. A foundation is described as 'piled' when its depth is more than three times its breadth (ref. Atkinson, 2007).
Line 127:		Line 125:
	* Bored piles.		* Bored piles.
	* Building foundations.		* Building foundations.
−	* Caisson.
	* Continuous flight auger piles.		* Continuous flight auger piles.
	* Driven piles.		* Driven piles.
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	* Friction piles.		* Friction piles.
	* Geothermal pile foundations.		* Geothermal pile foundations.
−	* How deep should foundations be.
	* King pile.		* King pile.
	* Knee pile.		* Knee pile.
	* Micropiles.		* Micropiles.
−	* Moorfields building sets UK pile-loading record.
	* Pad foundation.		* Pad foundation.
	* Pile cap.		* Pile cap.
Line 148:		Line 143:
	* Secant pile wall.		* Secant pile wall.
	* Sheet piles.		* Sheet piles.
−
−	~~= External references =~~
−
−	* [http://www.fps.org.uk/ The Federation of Piling Specialists].

	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Products_/_components]] [[Category:Construction_manager]]		[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Products_/_components]] [[Category:Construction_manager]]

136.158.34.252: Undo revision 232006 by [[Special:Contributions/[IP address hidden]|[IP address hidden]]] ([[User talk:[IP address hidden]|talk]])

2022-06-01T07:44:34Z

Undo revision 232006 by [[Special:Contributions/[IP address hidden]|[IP address hidden]]] ([[User talk:[IP address hidden]|talk]])

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:44, 1 June 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	= Introduction =

		+	Foundations provide support for structures, transferring their [[Types_of_structural_load\|load]] to layers of soil or rock that have sufficient bearing capacity and suitable settlement characteristics. There are a very wide range of foundation types available, suitable for different applications, depending on considerations, such as:

−	[[Category:DCN_Definition]]	+	* The [[Loads\|nature of the load]] requiring support.
−	[[Category:DCN_Guidance]]	+	* Ground conditions.
−	[[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]]	+	* The presence of water.
−	[[Category:Products_/_components]]	+	* Durability of the materials.
−	[[Category:Construction_manager]]	+	* Cost.
		+	* Accessibility.
		+	* Sensitivity to noise and [[Vibrations_in_buildings\|vibration]].
		+	* Proximity to other structures.
		+	* Load exerted on the piles (see below).
		+
		+	Very broadly, foundations can be categorised as shallow foundations or deep foundations. Shallow foundations are typically used where the loads imposed by a structure are low relative to the bearing capacity of the surface soils. Deep foundations are necessary where the bearing capacity of the surface soils is insufficient to support loads imposed and so they are transferred to deeper layers with higher bearing capacity.
		+
		+	{{:Newsletter_sign_up_CTA}}
		+
		+	Pile foundations are deep foundations. They are formed by long, slender, columnar elements typically made from steel or reinforced concrete, or sometimes timber. A foundation is described as 'piled' when its depth is more than three times its breadth (ref. Atkinson, 2007).
		+
		+	Pile foundations are principally used to transfer the loads from superstructures, through weak, compressible strata or water onto stronger, more compact, less compressible and stiffer soil or rock at depth, increasing the effective size of a foundation and resisting horizontal loads. They are typically used for large structures, and in situations where soil is not suitable to prevent excessive settlement.
		+
		+	{\|
		+	\| [[File:Pile_cap.jpg\|link=File:Pile_cap.jpg]]
		+	\| [[File:Piledriver.jpg\|link=File:Piledriver.jpg]]
		+	\|-
		+	\| [[File:Pile_Driving_2.jpg\|link=File:Pile_Driving_2.jpg]]
		+	\| [[File:Secant_pile_wall.jpg\|link=File:Secant_pile_wall.jpg]]
		+	\|}
		+
		+	= Pile classifications =
		+
		+	Piles may be classified by their basic design function ([[End-bearing_piles\|end-bearing]], [[Friction_piles\|friction]] or a combination) or by their method of construction (displacement (driven) or replacement (bored)).
		+
		+	[[End-bearing_piles\|End-bearing piles]] develop most of their friction at the toe of the pile, bearing on a hard layer. The pile transmits load directly to firm strata, and also receives lateral restraint from subsoil.
		+
		+	For more information, see 'end-bearing piles'.
		+
		+	[[Friction_piles\|Friction (or floating) piles]] develop most of the pile-bearing capacity by [[Shear_force\|shear stresses]] along the sides of the pile, and are suitable where harder layers are too deep. The pile transmits the load to surrounding soil by friction between the surface of the pile and soil, which in effect lowers the bulb of pressure.
		+
		+	For more information, see 'friction piles'.
		+
		+	= Driven piles =
		+
		+	Driven (or displacement) piles are driven, jacked, vibrated or screwed into the ground, displacing the material around the pile shaft outwards and downwards instead of removing it.
		+
		+	Driven piles are useful in offshore applications, are stable in soft squeezing soils and can densify loose soil.
		+
		+	There are two groups of driven piles:
		+
		+	* Driven in situ: Either with a permanent concrete or steel casing, or with temporary casing.
		+	* Preformed: Prefabricated off-site from timber, concrete or steel.
		+
		+	For more information, see 'driven piles'.
		+
		+	= Bored piles =
		+
		+	Bored (or replacement) piles remove spoil to form a hole for the pile which is poured in situ. They are used primarily in cohesive subsoils for the formation of friction piles and when forming pile foundations close to existing buildings.
		+
		+	Bored piles are more popular in urban areas as there is minimal vibration, they can be used where headroom is limited, there is no risk of heave, and where it may be necessary to vary their length.
		+
		+	For more information, see 'bored piles'.
		+
		+	If the boring and pouring takes place simultaneously, piles are called continuous flight auger (CFA) piles.
		+
		+	= Screw piles =
		+
		+	Screw piles have a helix near the pile toe so they can be screwed into the ground. The process and concept is similar to screwing into wood.
		+
		+	For more information, see 'screw pile foundations'.
		+
		+	= Micropiles =
		+
		+	Micropiles (or mini piles) are used where access is restricted, for example underpinning structures affected by settlement. They can be driven or screwed into place.
		+
		+	For more information, see 'micropiles'.
		+
		+	= Pile walls =
		+
		+	Pile walls can be used to create permanent or temporary retaining walls. They are formed by placing piles directly adjacent to one another. These can be closely-spaced contiguous pile walls or interlocking secant pile walls, which depending on the composition of the secondary intermediate piles can be hard/soft, hard/firm or hard/hard secant walls.
		+
		+	For more information, see 'pile wall', 'sheet piles and 'secant pile wall'.
		+
		+	= Geothermal piles =
		+
		+	Geothermal piles combine pile foundations with closed-loop ground-source heat pump systems. They provide support to a structure, as well as acting as a heat source and a heat sink.
		+
		+	In effect, the thermal mass of the ground enables the building to store unwanted heat from cooling systems and allows heat pumps to warm the building in winter. Generally, ground source heat pumps extract heat from the ground by way of underground pipes which are laid either horizontally or vertically in the ground. In geothermal piles, the pipe loops are laid vertically, within the piles themselves.
		+
		+	For more information, see 'geothermal pile foundations'.
		+
		+	= Contiguous piles =
		+
		+	[https://www.ciria.org/ItemDetail?iProductCode=C793F&Category=FREEPUBS&WebsiteKey=3f18c87a-d62b-4eca-8ef4-9b09309c1c91 Groynes in coastal engineering (CIRIA C793)], published by CIRIA in 2020, defines contiguous piles as; ‘…cast-in-place concrete piles immediately adjacent to or touching each other. Sometimes used for plank piles.’
		+
		+	= Piling equipment =
		+
		+	A wide range of equipment is available for piling, including:
		+
		+	* Percussion drivers: hammers driven by steam, compressed air or diesel.
		+	* Hydraulic drivers: hydraulic rams push piles into the ground.
		+	* Vibratory drivers: piles are vibrated into the ground.
		+	* Rotary augers: used to screw replacement piles into the ground.
		+
		+	For more information, see 'piling equipment'.
		+
		+	= Pile caps and beams =
		+
		+	Piles can be used individually to support loads or grouped and linked together with a reinforced concrete cap. As it is very difficult to bore or drive piles exactly vertical, the pile cap should be able to accommodate some deviation in the final position of the pile heads. The pile cap should overhang the outer piles, typically by a distance of 100-150 mm on all sides, depending on the size of the pile.
		+
		+	Pile caps can also be linked together with reinforced concrete to create capping beams. At least three capped piles are needed to ensure stability against lateral forces (with the exception of caisson piles). Capping beams are also suitable for distributing the weight of a load-bearing wall, or of close-centred columns to a line of piles. Piles may be staggered in the beam to allow for any eccentricities that may occur in loaded conditions.
		+
		+	The capping beam should be kept clear of the ground where the purpose of the piles is to overcome the problem of the subsoil swell and shrinkage. This can be done by casting the capping beam on polystyrene or other compressive material, thereby allowing an upward ground movement without damage to the beam.
		+
		+	For more information, see 'capping beam'.
		+
		+	= Testing piles =
		+
		+	It is advisable to test load at least one pile per scheme by forming a trial pile that is in close proximity but does not form part of the actual foundations. The pile should be overloaded by at least 50% of its working load and held for 24 hours. This provides a check on the ultimate bearing capacity of the pile as well as the workmanship involved in forming the pile.
		+
		+	For more information, see 'testing pile foundations'.
		+
		+	The integrity of new and existing piles can be measured by carrying out a pile integrity test.
		+
		+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =
		+
		+	* Bored piles.
		+	* Building foundations.
		+	* Caisson.
		+	* Continuous flight auger piles.
		+	* Driven piles.
		+	* End-bearing piles.
		+	* Friction piles.
		+	* Geothermal pile foundations.
		+	* How deep should foundations be.
		+	* King pile.
		+	* Knee pile.
		+	* Micropiles.
		+	* Moorfields building sets UK pile-loading record.
		+	* Pad foundation.
		+	* Pile cap.
		+	* Piled raft foundation.
		+	* Pile wall.
		+	* Piling equipment.
		+	* Plank pile.
		+	* Raft foundation.
		+	* Screw pile foundations.
		+	* Secant pile wall.
		+	* Sheet piles.
		+
		+	= External references =
		+
		+	* [http://www.fps.org.uk/ The Federation of Piling Specialists].
		+
		+	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Products_/_components]] [[Category:Construction_manager]]

136.158.34.252: Replaced content with " Category:DCN_Definition Category:DCN_Guidance Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge Category:Products_/_components Category:Construction_manager"

2022-06-01T07:42:35Z

Replaced content with " Category:DCN_Definition Category:DCN_Guidance Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge Category:Products_/_components Category:Construction_manager"

Show changes

Designing Buildings: Reverted edits by 80.192.91.242 (talk) to last revision by Editor

2022-03-11T16:05:22Z

Reverted edits by 80.192.91.242 (talk) to last revision by Editor

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:05, 11 March 2022
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	* Sensitivity to noise and [[Vibrations_in_buildings\|vibration]].		* Sensitivity to noise and [[Vibrations_in_buildings\|vibration]].
	* Proximity to other structures.		* Proximity to other structures.
−	* Load exerted on the piles (see below)	+	* Load exerted on the piles (see below).

	Very broadly, foundations can be categorised as shallow foundations or deep foundations. Shallow foundations are typically used where the loads imposed by a structure are low relative to the bearing capacity of the surface soils. Deep foundations are necessary where the bearing capacity of the surface soils is insufficient to support loads imposed and so they are transferred to deeper layers with higher bearing capacity.		Very broadly, foundations can be categorised as shallow foundations or deep foundations. Shallow foundations are typically used where the loads imposed by a structure are low relative to the bearing capacity of the surface soils. Deep foundations are necessary where the bearing capacity of the surface soils is insufficient to support loads imposed and so they are transferred to deeper layers with higher bearing capacity.

80.192.91.242 at 16:00, 11 March 2022

2022-03-11T16:00:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:00, 11 March 2022
Line 11:		Line 11:
	* Sensitivity to noise and [[Vibrations_in_buildings\|vibration]].		* Sensitivity to noise and [[Vibrations_in_buildings\|vibration]].
	* Proximity to other structures.		* Proximity to other structures.
−	* Load exerted on the piles (see below).	+	* Load exerted on the piles (see below)

	Very broadly, foundations can be categorised as shallow foundations or deep foundations. Shallow foundations are typically used where the loads imposed by a structure are low relative to the bearing capacity of the surface soils. Deep foundations are necessary where the bearing capacity of the surface soils is insufficient to support loads imposed and so they are transferred to deeper layers with higher bearing capacity.		Very broadly, foundations can be categorised as shallow foundations or deep foundations. Shallow foundations are typically used where the loads imposed by a structure are low relative to the bearing capacity of the surface soils. Deep foundations are necessary where the bearing capacity of the surface soils is insufficient to support loads imposed and so they are transferred to deeper layers with higher bearing capacity.

Editor: Reverted edits by 86.187.228.154 (talk) to last revision by Editor

2021-11-30T14:12:44Z

Reverted edits by 86.187.228.154 (talk) to last revision by Editor

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:12, 30 November 2021
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	* Preformed: Prefabricated off-site from timber, concrete or steel.		* Preformed: Prefabricated off-site from timber, concrete or steel.

−	Bored piles	+	For more information, see 'driven piles'.
		+
		+	= Bored piles =

	Bored (or replacement) piles remove spoil to form a hole for the pile which is poured in situ. They are used primarily in cohesive subsoils for the formation of friction piles and when forming pile foundations close to existing buildings.		Bored (or replacement) piles remove spoil to form a hole for the pile which is poured in situ. They are used primarily in cohesive subsoils for the formation of friction piles and when forming pile foundations close to existing buildings.