Phthalate - Revision history

Editor at 13:38, 20 June 2023

2023-06-20T13:38:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:38, 20 June 2023
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	* Types of plastic in construction.		* Types of plastic in construction.
	* Weatherboarding.		* Weatherboarding.
		+
		+	= External references =
		+
		+	[https://www.americanchemistry.com/industry-groups/high-phthalates/resources/phthalates-building-construction https://www.americanchemistry.com/industry-groups/high-phthalates/resources/phthalates-building-construction]
		+
		+	[https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2015/feb/10/phthalates-plastics-chemicals-research-analysis https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2015/feb/10/phthalates-plastics-chemicals-research-analysis]
		+
		+	[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/may/23/phthalates-everyday-products-toxics-guide https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/may/23/phthalates-everyday-products-toxics-guide]

	[[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Legislation]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]] [[Category:DCN_Specification]] [[Category:Definitions]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Health_and_safety_/_CDM]] [[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]		[[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Legislation]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]] [[Category:DCN_Specification]] [[Category:Definitions]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Health_and_safety_/_CDM]] [[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Editor at 17:26, 18 June 2023

2023-06-18T17:26:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:26, 18 June 2023
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	* di-isoheptyl phthalate used mainly in PVC products and resins.		* di-isoheptyl phthalate used mainly in PVC products and resins.

−	[[Category:~~Articles_needing_more_work~~]]	+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =
		+
		+	* Adhesives.
		+	* Cadmium.
		+	* Construction plastics market.
		+	* ETFE.
		+	* Mercury.
		+	* Nylon.
		+	* Paint.
		+	* Plasticisation.
		+	* Polyethylene.
		+	* Polymers.
		+	* Polybrominated biphenyls
		+	* Polybrominated diphenyl ethers PBDE
		+	* Recyclable construction materials.
		+	* Restriction of Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment RoHS.
		+	* Rubber.
		+	* Sandwich panel.
		+	* Thermoplastic materials in buildings.
		+	* Transparent insulation materials.
		+	* Types of plastic in construction.
		+	* Weatherboarding.
		+
		+	[[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Legislation]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]] [[Category:DCN_Specification]] [[Category:Definitions]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Health_and_safety_/_CDM]] [[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Editor at 17:21, 18 June 2023

2023-06-18T17:21:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:21, 18 June 2023
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		+	= What are phthalates ? =
		+
	Phthalates or phthalate esters, are esters of phthalic acid, they are man-made organic compounds or industrial chemicals, primarily used as plasticisers, particularly in forms pf PVC but also in many other products. Phthalates were first produced in the 1920's by reacting phthalic anhydride with an alcohol, by the 1930's they were industrially produced as a key ingredient in PVC to help increase flexibility, transparency, durability, as well as a binding agent or a solvent ingredient in insect repellant.		Phthalates or phthalate esters, are esters of phthalic acid, they are man-made organic compounds or industrial chemicals, primarily used as plasticisers, particularly in forms pf PVC but also in many other products. Phthalates were first produced in the 1920's by reacting phthalic anhydride with an alcohol, by the 1930's they were industrially produced as a key ingredient in PVC to help increase flexibility, transparency, durability, as well as a binding agent or a solvent ingredient in insect repellant.
		+
		+	= What are phthalates used for ? =

	From around the 1950's the use of Phthalates increased and they were added to household items such as vinyl flooring, plastic toys, plastic containers, personal care products such as hair care, body wash, cosmetics, fragrances, air fresheners, household cleaners, and some food. Their use in many of these items was not listed on product labels and so in many it was impossible to know if they contained Phthalates.		From around the 1950's the use of Phthalates increased and they were added to household items such as vinyl flooring, plastic toys, plastic containers, personal care products such as hair care, body wash, cosmetics, fragrances, air fresheners, household cleaners, and some food. Their use in many of these items was not listed on product labels and so in many it was impossible to know if they contained Phthalates.
		+
		+	= How much phthalate is produced ? =

	In terms of the plasticiser market the share that is made up by phthalates started to decrease from around 2000 but because the overall market continued to increase in size, so to did production. In the 1980's around 2.7 million tonnes were produced globally which had more than doubled by 2015 to 5.5 million. Figures vary but some sources place phthalate production today at around 8 million tonnes by 2020.		In terms of the plasticiser market the share that is made up by phthalates started to decrease from around 2000 but because the overall market continued to increase in size, so to did production. In the 1980's around 2.7 million tonnes were produced globally which had more than doubled by 2015 to 5.5 million. Figures vary but some sources place phthalate production today at around 8 million tonnes by 2020.
		+
		+	= When were phthalates restricted ? =

	In 2003 researchers at the US Centre for Disease Control (CDC) documented exposure to phthalates across the American public and recommended further study, in he same year the EU moved to ban five phthalates in cosmetics. They are believed to be an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) that can alter hormonal balance, causing reproductive, developmental and other health issues. In 2008 some phthalates were banned from children's products, in 2014 the Chronic Hazard Advisory Panel (Chap) on Phthalates finalised a report on the subject, in 2018 the EU strengthen its rules on particular phthalates.		In 2003 researchers at the US Centre for Disease Control (CDC) documented exposure to phthalates across the American public and recommended further study, in he same year the EU moved to ban five phthalates in cosmetics. They are believed to be an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) that can alter hormonal balance, causing reproductive, developmental and other health issues. In 2008 some phthalates were banned from children's products, in 2014 the Chronic Hazard Advisory Panel (Chap) on Phthalates finalised a report on the subject, in 2018 the EU strengthen its rules on particular phthalates.

−	Researchers have in the past linked phthalates to asthma, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, breast cancer, obesity and type II diabetes, low IQ, neurodevelopmental issues, behavioural issues, autism spectrum disorders, altered reproductive development and male fertility issues. Exposure risk is most common through contamination in food and drink packaging, which increases when foods are warmed or the type of food is oily, but ~~exosure~~ risk in different products also relates to the ~~contentlevels~~ in those products.	+	= Risks associated with phthalates ? =
		+
		+	Researchers have in the past linked phthalates to asthma, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, breast cancer, obesity and type II diabetes, low IQ, neurodevelopmental issues, behavioural issues, autism spectrum disorders, altered reproductive development and male fertility issues. Exposure risk is most common through contamination in food and drink packaging, which increases when foods are warmed or the type of food is oily, but exposure risk in different products also relates to the content level in those products.
		+
		+	= Are phthalates in building products ? =

	The America Chemistry Council confirms the use of phthalates in many different buildings products and states risk levels as being very low "High phthalates are a family of chemical compounds primarily used to make polyvinyl chloride (PVC)—or vinyl—flexible, pliant and durable. Flexible vinyl products made with high phthalates can help reduce a building’s environmental footprint. Phthalates are widely used, and even when scientists hypothesize extreme exposures from phthalates in building products, because of unique properties of high phthalates, the predicted exposure levels are hundreds or thousands of times below the safe level established by regulatory authorities."		The America Chemistry Council confirms the use of phthalates in many different buildings products and states risk levels as being very low "High phthalates are a family of chemical compounds primarily used to make polyvinyl chloride (PVC)—or vinyl—flexible, pliant and durable. Flexible vinyl products made with high phthalates can help reduce a building’s environmental footprint. Phthalates are widely used, and even when scientists hypothesize extreme exposures from phthalates in building products, because of unique properties of high phthalates, the predicted exposure levels are hundreds or thousands of times below the safe level established by regulatory authorities."
		+
		+	= RoHS Directive =

	The RoHS Directive currently restricts the use of ten substances, four of which are phthalates; bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) and each are restricted by use to 0.1%.		The RoHS Directive currently restricts the use of ten substances, four of which are phthalates; bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) and each are restricted by use to 0.1%.

−	All products with an electrical and electronic component, unless specifically excluded, have to comply with these restrictions. In 2017, the Commission adopted a legislative proposal adjusting the scope of the RoHS Directive. Manufacturers placing electrical goods on the market in Great Britain and/or Northern Ireland must evaluate their production controls to ensure that their products do not exceed the maximum prescribed levels of the following hazardous substances. Some (but not all phthalates are listed below)	+	All products with an electrical and electronic component, unless specifically excluded, have to comply with these restrictions. In 2017, the Commission adopted a legislative proposal adjusting the scope of the RoHS Directive. Manufacturers placing electrical goods on the market in Great Britain and/or Northern Ireland must evaluate their production controls to ensure that their products do not exceed the maximum prescribed levels of the following hazardous substances.
		+
		+	= Examples of phthalates and their uses =
		+
		+	Some (but not all phthalates are listed below)

	* Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzP) has been used as a plasticiser for PVC flooring, vinyl tiles, carpet tiles, artificial leather and in certain adhesives.		* Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzP) has been used as a plasticiser for PVC flooring, vinyl tiles, carpet tiles, artificial leather and in certain adhesives.

Editor at 17:15, 18 June 2023

2023-06-18T17:15:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:15, 18 June 2023
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−	Phthalates or phthalate esters, are esters of phthalic acid, they are man-made organic compounds or industrial chemicals, primarily used as plasticisers, particularly in forms pf PVC but also in many other products. Phthalates were first produced in the 1920's by reacting phthalic anhydride with an alcohol, by the 1930's they were industrially produced as a key ingredient to PVC to help increase flexibility, transparency, durability, as well as an ingredient in insect repellant.	+	Phthalates or phthalate esters, are esters of phthalic acid, they are man-made organic compounds or industrial chemicals, primarily used as plasticisers, particularly in forms pf PVC but also in many other products. Phthalates were first produced in the 1920's by reacting phthalic anhydride with an alcohol, by the 1930's they were industrially produced as a key ingredient in PVC to help increase flexibility, transparency, durability, as well as a binding agent or a solvent ingredient in insect repellant.

−	From around the 1950's the use of Phthalates increased and were added to household items such as vinyl flooring, plastic toys ~~and items~~, plastic containers, personal care products such as hair care, body wash, cosmetics, fragrances, air fresheners, household cleaners, and some food. Their ~~were~~ use in many of these items was not listed on product labels and so ~~many~~ in many it was impossible to know if they contained Phthalates.	+	From around the 1950's the use of Phthalates increased and they were added to household items such as vinyl flooring, plastic toys, plastic containers, personal care products such as hair care, body wash, cosmetics, fragrances, air fresheners, household cleaners, and some food. Their use in many of these items was not listed on product labels and so in many it was impossible to know if they contained Phthalates.

−	In terms of the ~~platiciser~~ market the share that is made up by ~~Phthalates~~ started to decrease from around 2000 but because the overall market ~~has~~ continued to increase in size, so to ~~had~~ production. In the 1980's around 2.7 million tonnes were produced globally which had more than doubled by 2015 to 5.5 million. Figures vary but some sources place ~~Phthalate~~ production at around 8 million tonnes by 2020.	+	In terms of the plasticiser market the share that is made up by phthalates started to decrease from around 2000 but because the overall market continued to increase in size, so to did production. In the 1980's around 2.7 million tonnes were produced globally which had more than doubled by 2015 to 5.5 million. Figures vary but some sources place phthalate production today at around 8 million tonnes by 2020.

−	~~IT was in~~ 2003 ~~that~~ researchers at the US Centre for Disease Control (CDC) documented exposure to phthalates across the American public and recommended further study. In 2008 some phthalates were banned from children's products, ~~and by~~ 2014 the Chronic Hazard Advisory Panel (Chap) on Phthalates finalised a report on the subject.	+	In 2003 researchers at the US Centre for Disease Control (CDC) documented exposure to phthalates across the American public and recommended further study, in he same year the EU moved to ban five phthalates in cosmetics. They are believed to be an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) that can alter hormonal balance, causing reproductive, developmental and other health issues. In 2008 some phthalates were banned from children's products, in 2014 the Chronic Hazard Advisory Panel (Chap) on Phthalates finalised a report on the subject, in 2018 the EU strengthen its rules on particular phthalates.

−	~~Even for those who either avoid these products or buy phthalate~~-~~free variations~~, ~~phthalates lurk~~ in ~~unexpected places~~	+	Researchers have in the past linked phthalates to asthma, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, breast cancer, obesity and type II diabetes, low IQ, neurodevelopmental issues, behavioural issues, autism spectrum disorders, altered reproductive development and male fertility issues. Exposure risk is most common through contamination in food and drink packaging, which increases when foods are warmed or the type of food is oily, but exosure risk in different products also relates to the contentlevels in those products.

−	~~Bis~~(~~2-ethylhexyl~~) ~~phthalate~~, ~~Dibutyl phthalate~~, ~~Benzyl butyl phthalate~~, ~~Diethyl phthalate~~, ~~Dibutyl phthalate~~	+	The America Chemistry Council confirms the use of phthalates in many different buildings products and states risk levels as being very low "High phthalates are a family of chemical compounds primarily used to make polyvinyl chloride (PVC)—or vinyl—flexible, pliant and durable. Flexible vinyl products made with high phthalates can help reduce a building’s environmental footprint. Phthalates are widely used, and even when scientists hypothesize extreme exposures from phthalates in building products, because of unique properties of high phthalates, the predicted exposure levels are hundreds or thousands of times below the safe level established by regulatory authorities."

−	~~DINP~~, DEHP, ~~DBP, di-isodecy~~ phthalate (~~DIDP~~), ~~dioctyl~~ phthalate (~~DNOP~~) and ~~BBP~~	+	The RoHS Directive currently restricts the use of ten substances, four of which are phthalates; bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) and each are restricted by use to 0.1%.

−	* ~~butyl~~ benzyl phthalate (BBzP)	+	All products with an electrical and electronic component, unless specifically excluded, have to comply with these restrictions. In 2017, the Commission adopted a legislative proposal adjusting the scope of the RoHS Directive. Manufacturers placing electrical goods on the market in Great Britain and/or Northern Ireland must evaluate their production controls to ensure that their products do not exceed the maximum prescribed levels of the following hazardous substances. Some (but not all phthalates are listed below)
−	* ~~dibutyl~~ phthalate (DnBP)	+
−	* di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)	+	* Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzP) has been used as a plasticiser for PVC flooring, vinyl tiles, carpet tiles, artificial leather and in certain adhesives.
−	* ~~diethyl~~ phthalate (DEP), di-butyl phthalate (DBP)	+	* Dibutyl phthalate (DnBP) added to plastics and other chemicals, used in elastomers, lacquers, explosives, printing inks, resin solvents, perfume oil solvents, paper coatings, adhesives, and nail polish.
−	* ~~benzyl~~ butyl phthalate (BBP)	+	* Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is used in polyvinyl chloride resins in flexible vinyl products, and as a test material for filtration systems.
−	* ~~diisobutyl~~ phthalate (DiBP)	+	* Diethyl phthalate (DEP) is ued in plastic packaging films, cosmetics, solvent for fragrances, a surface lubricant in food and pharmaceutical packaging, and medical tubing.
−	* ~~diisononyl~~ phthalate (DiNP)	+	* Di-butyl phthalate (DBP) used in nitrocellulose lacquers, elastomers, explosives, nail polish, and solid rocket propellants.
−	* di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP)	+	* Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) used in vinyl flooring, sealants, paints, garments, footwear and artificial leather.
−	* ~~dipentyl~~ phthalate (DPP)	+	* Diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP) used in nitrocellulose lacquers, elastomers, nail polish, explosives and lacquers.
−	* di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP)	+	* Diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) used in automobile interiors, wire and cable insulation, gloves, tubing, garden hoses, and shoes.
−	* di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP)	+	* Di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) used in medical tubing, storage bags, wire, cables, carpet backs, floor tiles, and adhesives.
−	* di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP)	+	* Dipentyl phthalate (DPP) used mainly in PVC products.
−	* di-isohexyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate (DcHP)	+	* Di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP) used in nitro cellulose plastic, nail polish, explosive material, lacquer manufacturing,
−	* di-isoheptyl phthalate.	+	* Di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP) Vinyl tiles, flooring, carpet backing, window shades, wall coverings, pool liners.
		+	* di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) use in carpet backing, packaging films, medical tubing and blood storage bags, floor tile, wire, cables, and adhesives.
		+	* di-isohexyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate (DcHP) used in nitrocellulose lacquers, elastomers, nail polishes.
		+	* di-isoheptyl phthalate used mainly in PVC products and resins.

	[[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]]		[[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]]

Editor at 12:41, 17 June 2023

2023-06-17T12:41:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:41, 17 June 2023
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−	Phthalates or phthalate esters, are esters of phthalic acid, they are ~~industrial chemicals or~~ man-made organic compounds, primarily used as plasticisers, particularly in forms pf PVC. ~~Phalates~~ were first produced in the 1920's by reacting phthalic anhydride with an alcohol, by the 1930's they were industrially produced as a key ingredient to PVC to help increase flexibility, transparency, durability, and ~~longevity~~ of products.	+	Phthalates or phthalate esters, are esters of phthalic acid, they are man-made organic compounds or industrial chemicals, primarily used as plasticisers, particularly in forms pf PVC but also in many other products. Phthalates were first produced in the 1920's by reacting phthalic anhydride with an alcohol, by the 1930's they were industrially produced as a key ingredient to PVC to help increase flexibility, transparency, durability, as well as an ingredient in insect repellant.
		+
		+	From around the 1950's the use of Phthalates increased and were added to household items such as vinyl flooring, plastic toys and items, plastic containers, personal care products such as hair care, body wash, cosmetics, fragrances, air fresheners, household cleaners, and some food. Their were use in many of these items was not listed on product labels and so many in many it was impossible to know if they contained Phthalates.
		+
		+	In terms of the platiciser market the share that is made up by Phthalates started to decrease from around 2000 but because the overall market has continued to increase in size, so to had production. In the 1980's around 2.7 million tonnes were produced globally which had more than doubled by 2015 to 5.5 million. Figures vary but some sources place Phthalate production at around 8 million tonnes by 2020.
		+
		+	IT was in 2003 that researchers at the US Centre for Disease Control (CDC) documented exposure to phthalates across the American public and recommended further study. In 2008 some phthalates were banned from children's products, and by 2014 the Chronic Hazard Advisory Panel (Chap) on Phthalates finalised a report on the subject.
		+
		+	Even for those who either avoid these products or buy phthalate-free variations, phthalates lurk in unexpected places

	Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, Dibutyl phthalate, Benzyl butyl phthalate, Diethyl phthalate, Dibutyl phthalate		Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, Dibutyl phthalate, Benzyl butyl phthalate, Diethyl phthalate, Dibutyl phthalate

Editor at 09:08, 17 June 2023

2023-06-17T09:08:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:08, 17 June 2023
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	DINP, DEHP, DBP, di-isodecy phthalate (DIDP), dioctyl phthalate (DNOP) and BBP		DINP, DEHP, DBP, di-isodecy phthalate (DIDP), dioctyl phthalate (DNOP) and BBP
		+
		+	* butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzP)
		+	* dibutyl phthalate (DnBP)
		+	* di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)
		+	* diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-butyl phthalate (DBP)
		+	* benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP)
		+	* diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP)
		+	* diisononyl phthalate (DiNP)
		+	* di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP)
		+	* dipentyl phthalate (DPP)
		+	* di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP)
		+	* di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP)
		+	* di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP)
		+	* di-isohexyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate (DcHP)
		+	* di-isoheptyl phthalate.

	[[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]]		[[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]]

Editor at 10:45, 16 June 2023

2023-06-16T10:45:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:45, 16 June 2023
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	Phthalates or phthalate esters, are esters of phthalic acid, they are industrial chemicals or man-made organic compounds, primarily used as plasticisers, particularly in forms pf PVC. Phalates were first produced in the 1920's by reacting phthalic anhydride with an alcohol, by the 1930's they were industrially produced as a key ingredient to PVC to help increase flexibility, transparency, durability, and longevity of products.		Phthalates or phthalate esters, are esters of phthalic acid, they are industrial chemicals or man-made organic compounds, primarily used as plasticisers, particularly in forms pf PVC. Phalates were first produced in the 1920's by reacting phthalic anhydride with an alcohol, by the 1930's they were industrially produced as a key ingredient to PVC to help increase flexibility, transparency, durability, and longevity of products.
		+
		+	Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, Dibutyl phthalate, Benzyl butyl phthalate, Diethyl phthalate, Dibutyl phthalate
		+
		+	DINP, DEHP, DBP, di-isodecy phthalate (DIDP), dioctyl phthalate (DNOP) and BBP

	[[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]]		[[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]]

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Phthalates or phthalate esters, are esters of phthalic acid, they are industrial chemicals or man-made organic compounds, primarily used as plasticisers, particularly in forms pf PVC. Phalates were first produced in the 1920's by reacting phthalic anhydride with an alcohol, by the 1930's they were industrially produced as a key ingredient to PVC to help increase flexibility, transparency, durability, and longevity of products.

[[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]]