Petrification - Revision history

Editor at 03:30, 11 June 2023

2023-06-11T03:30:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:30, 11 June 2023
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	In classical architecture petrification was used to describe how material use of the ancient Greeks shifted from wood to stone. It is considered to have contributed to the origins of the Doric order in classical architecture, where the established architectural vocabulary that had developed and been built in wood or timber was translated into stone, once materials and skills were available. The term has also been used later to describe the processes of transformation from cob and timber buildings in cities and towns across Europe during the post-medieval period (15-1700's), to brick and stone. This transformation was perhaps less about form but did have an impact on how development occurred.		In classical architecture petrification was used to describe how material use of the ancient Greeks shifted from wood to stone. It is considered to have contributed to the origins of the Doric order in classical architecture, where the established architectural vocabulary that had developed and been built in wood or timber was translated into stone, once materials and skills were available. The term has also been used later to describe the processes of transformation from cob and timber buildings in cities and towns across Europe during the post-medieval period (15-1700's), to brick and stone. This transformation was perhaps less about form but did have an impact on how development occurred.

−	= What are ~~teh~~ types of petrification? =	+	= What are the types of petrification? =

	In geology petrification (also called petrifaction) refers to the filling of pores found in organic material such as bone or wood with minerals, thus in effect turning the primary materials into a form of stone - a process of fossilisation. Geologically there are two processes involved in petrification; permineralization and replacement:		In geology petrification (also called petrifaction) refers to the filling of pores found in organic material such as bone or wood with minerals, thus in effect turning the primary materials into a form of stone - a process of fossilisation. Geologically there are two processes involved in petrification; permineralization and replacement:

Designing Buildings at 11:09, 17 January 2023

2023-01-17T11:09:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:09, 17 January 2023
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−	[[File:~~Fossil 900~~.jpg]]	+	[[File:Fossil_900.jpg\|link=File:Fossil_900.jpg]]

−	~~Petrification in general refers to something turning to stone. It~~ is ~~a term that has been used in classical architecture, more specifically in geology as well as in mythology where beings might be instantly turned to stone!~~	+	= What is petrification? =

−	~~In classical architecture petrification was used~~ to ~~describe how material use of the ancient Greeks shifted from wood~~ to stone. It is ~~considered to have contributed to the origins of the Doric order~~ in classical architecture, where the established architectural vocabulary that had developed and been built in wood or timber was translated into stone, once materials and skills were available. The term has also been used later more ~~generally to describe the processes of transformation from cob and timber buildings~~ in ~~cities and towns across Europe during the post-medieval period (15-1700's),~~ to ~~brick and~~ stone~~. This transformation was perhaps less about form but did have an impact how development occurred~~.	+	Petrification refers to something turning to stone. It is a term that has been used in classical architecture, but more specifically in geology as well as in mythology where beings might be turned to stone.

−	~~In geology petrification (also called petrifaction) refers to~~ the ~~filling~~ of pores found in organic material such as bone or wood with minerals, thus in effect turning the primary materials into a form of stone or so to speak a process of fossilisation. Geologically there two processes involved in petrification; permineralization and replacement. The first permineralization process is when pore spaces and cavities of an organic material are filled with minerals such as calcite, quartz, pyrite, apatite (calcium phosphate) and siderite (iron carbonate) from the groundwater of deltas, floodplains or in relation to water soluble volcanic ash. The second process of the former is pyritization which is a similar process occurring in marine environments or where buried sediment contains iron and sulfur. Replacement as sugested is different because the orgainic material is to a greater or lesser degree replaced by the mineral replacement. This process is significantly slower and describes biotic material replacement with abiotic, minerals commonly involved are calcite, silica, pyrite, and hematite.	+	= What are the origins of petrification? =

−	~~One example of~~ petrification ~~in the geological sense~~ of the ~~word and in relation~~ to ~~the construction of buildings~~ is in the ~~foundations~~ of the ~~city of Venice. The city was primarily~~ built ~~upon wooden piles driven~~ into ~~marsh sediment~~, ~~with thick timbers laid on top followed by the brick~~ and ~~mortar construction seen at eye level~~. The ~~wooden sub water foundations have petrified over many years, replacing~~ the timber ~~pores with minerals~~ and ~~thus giving further strength to~~ the ~~foundations~~.	+	In classical architecture petrification was used to describe how material use of the ancient Greeks shifted from wood to stone. It is considered to have contributed to the origins of the Doric order in classical architecture, where the established architectural vocabulary that had developed and been built in wood or timber was translated into stone, once materials and skills were available. The term has also been used later to describe the processes of transformation from cob and timber buildings in cities and towns across Europe during the post-medieval period (15-1700's), to brick and stone. This transformation was perhaps less about form but did have an impact on how development occurred.

−	Artificial petrification, although somewhat complex, has been performed by a number of institutions. One process involves bathing ~~the~~ organic material in acid, then in a silica solution to be air dried and then heated at extremely high temperature in argon. This is different to other similar ~~processig~~ of organic materials such as timber in solution baths and at high temperature such as in the production of biochar, thermo-treated wood or acetylation.	+	= What are teh types of petrification? =
		+
		+	In geology petrification (also called petrifaction) refers to the filling of pores found in organic material such as bone or wood with minerals, thus in effect turning the primary materials into a form of stone - a process of fossilisation. Geologically there are two processes involved in petrification; permineralization and replacement:
		+
		+	* The first stage of permineralization is when pore spaces and cavities of an organic material are filled with minerals such as calcite, quartz, pyrite, apatite (calcium phosphate) and siderite (iron carbonate) from the groundwater of deltas, floodplains or in relation to water soluble volcanic ash. The second stage is pyritization which is a similar process occurring in marine environments or where buried sediment contains iron and sulfur.
		+	* Replacement as sugested is different because the orgainic material is to a greater or lesser degree replaced by the mineral. This process is significantly slower and describes biotic material replacement with abiotic minerals such as calcite, silica, pyrite, and hematite.
		+
		+	One example of petrification in the geological sense of the word and in relation to the construction of buildings is in the foundations of the city of Venice. The city was primarily built on wooden piles driven into marsh sediment, with thick timbers laid on top followed by the brick and mortar construction seen above water level. The wooden sub water foundations have petrified over many years, replacing the timber pores with minerals and thus giving them further strength.
		+
		+	Artificial petrification, although somewhat complex, has been performed by a number of institutions. One process involves bathing an organic material in acid, then in a silica solution to be air dried and then heated at extremely high temperature in argon. This is different to other similar processing of organic materials such as timber in solution baths and at high temperature such as in the production of biochar, thermo-treated wood or acetylation.

	= Related articles on [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Designing Designing] [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Building Buildings] =		= Related articles on [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Designing Designing] [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Building Buildings] =

Editor at 19:34, 9 November 2022

2022-11-09T19:34:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:34, 9 November 2022
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		+	[[File:Fossil 900.jpg]]
		+
	Petrification in general refers to something turning to stone. It is a term that has been used in classical architecture, more specifically in geology as well as in mythology where beings might be instantly turned to stone!		Petrification in general refers to something turning to stone. It is a term that has been used in classical architecture, more specifically in geology as well as in mythology where beings might be instantly turned to stone!

Editor at 19:28, 9 November 2022

2022-11-09T19:28:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:28, 9 November 2022
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−	Petrification in general refers to something turning to stone. It is a term that has been used in classical architecture, more specifically in geology as well as in mythology.	+	Petrification in general refers to something turning to stone. It is a term that has been used in classical architecture, more specifically in geology as well as in mythology where beings might be instantly turned to stone!

	In classical architecture petrification was used to describe how material use of the ancient Greeks shifted from wood to stone. It is considered to have contributed to the origins of the Doric order in classical architecture, where the established architectural vocabulary that had developed and been built in wood or timber was translated into stone, once materials and skills were available. The term has also been used later more generally to describe the processes of transformation from cob and timber buildings in cities and towns across Europe during the post-medieval period (15-1700's), to brick and stone. This transformation was perhaps less about form but did have an impact how development occurred.		In classical architecture petrification was used to describe how material use of the ancient Greeks shifted from wood to stone. It is considered to have contributed to the origins of the Doric order in classical architecture, where the established architectural vocabulary that had developed and been built in wood or timber was translated into stone, once materials and skills were available. The term has also been used later more generally to describe the processes of transformation from cob and timber buildings in cities and towns across Europe during the post-medieval period (15-1700's), to brick and stone. This transformation was perhaps less about form but did have an impact how development occurred.

−	In geology petrification (also called petrifaction) refers to the filling of pores found in organic material with minerals, thus in effect turning the primary materials into a form of stone or so to speak a process of fossilisation. Geologically there two processes involved in petrification; permineralization and replacement. The first permineralization process is when pore spaces and cavities of an organic material are filled with minerals such as calcite, quartz, pyrite, apatite (calcium phosphate) and siderite (iron carbonate) from the groundwater of deltas, floodplains or in relation to water soluble volcanic ash. The second process of the former is pyritization which is a similar process occurring in marine environments or where buried sediment contains iron and sulfur. Replacement as sugested is different because the orgainic material is to a greater or lesser degree replaced by the mineral replacement. This process is significantly slower and describes biotic material replacement with abiotic, minerals commonly involved are calcite, silica, pyrite, and hematite.	+	In geology petrification (also called petrifaction) refers to the filling of pores found in organic material such as bone or wood with minerals, thus in effect turning the primary materials into a form of stone or so to speak a process of fossilisation. Geologically there two processes involved in petrification; permineralization and replacement. The first permineralization process is when pore spaces and cavities of an organic material are filled with minerals such as calcite, quartz, pyrite, apatite (calcium phosphate) and siderite (iron carbonate) from the groundwater of deltas, floodplains or in relation to water soluble volcanic ash. The second process of the former is pyritization which is a similar process occurring in marine environments or where buried sediment contains iron and sulfur. Replacement as sugested is different because the orgainic material is to a greater or lesser degree replaced by the mineral replacement. This process is significantly slower and describes biotic material replacement with abiotic, minerals commonly involved are calcite, silica, pyrite, and hematite.

	One example of petrification in the geological sense of the word and in relation to the construction of buildings is in the foundations of the city of Venice. The city was primarily built upon wooden piles driven into marsh sediment, with thick timbers laid on top followed by the brick and mortar construction seen at eye level. The wooden sub water foundations have petrified over many years, replacing the timber pores with minerals and thus giving further strength to the foundations.		One example of petrification in the geological sense of the word and in relation to the construction of buildings is in the foundations of the city of Venice. The city was primarily built upon wooden piles driven into marsh sediment, with thick timbers laid on top followed by the brick and mortar construction seen at eye level. The wooden sub water foundations have petrified over many years, replacing the timber pores with minerals and thus giving further strength to the foundations.

Editor at 19:02, 9 November 2022

2022-11-09T19:02:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:02, 9 November 2022
Line 4:		Line 4:

	In geology petrification (also called petrifaction) refers to the filling of pores found in organic material with minerals, thus in effect turning the primary materials into a form of stone or so to speak a process of fossilisation. Geologically there two processes involved in petrification; permineralization and replacement. The first permineralization process is when pore spaces and cavities of an organic material are filled with minerals such as calcite, quartz, pyrite, apatite (calcium phosphate) and siderite (iron carbonate) from the groundwater of deltas, floodplains or in relation to water soluble volcanic ash. The second process of the former is pyritization which is a similar process occurring in marine environments or where buried sediment contains iron and sulfur. Replacement as sugested is different because the orgainic material is to a greater or lesser degree replaced by the mineral replacement. This process is significantly slower and describes biotic material replacement with abiotic, minerals commonly involved are calcite, silica, pyrite, and hematite.		In geology petrification (also called petrifaction) refers to the filling of pores found in organic material with minerals, thus in effect turning the primary materials into a form of stone or so to speak a process of fossilisation. Geologically there two processes involved in petrification; permineralization and replacement. The first permineralization process is when pore spaces and cavities of an organic material are filled with minerals such as calcite, quartz, pyrite, apatite (calcium phosphate) and siderite (iron carbonate) from the groundwater of deltas, floodplains or in relation to water soluble volcanic ash. The second process of the former is pyritization which is a similar process occurring in marine environments or where buried sediment contains iron and sulfur. Replacement as sugested is different because the orgainic material is to a greater or lesser degree replaced by the mineral replacement. This process is significantly slower and describes biotic material replacement with abiotic, minerals commonly involved are calcite, silica, pyrite, and hematite.
		+
		+	One example of petrification in the geological sense of the word and in relation to the construction of buildings is in the foundations of the city of Venice. The city was primarily built upon wooden piles driven into marsh sediment, with thick timbers laid on top followed by the brick and mortar construction seen at eye level. The wooden sub water foundations have petrified over many years, replacing the timber pores with minerals and thus giving further strength to the foundations.
		+
		+	Artificial petrification, although somewhat complex, has been performed by a number of institutions. One process involves bathing the organic material in acid, then in a silica solution to be air dried and then heated at extremely high temperature in argon. This is different to other similar processig of organic materials such as timber in solution baths and at high temperature such as in the production of biochar, thermo-treated wood or acetylation.
		+
		+	= Related articles on [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Designing Designing] [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Building Buildings] =
		+
		+	* Construction materials.
		+	* Ceramics.
		+	* Composites.
		+	* Minerals.
		+	* Polymers.
		+	* Timber framed buildings and fire.
		+	* Timber preservation.
		+	* Timber vs wood.
		+	* Types of timber.
		+	* Types of materials.
		+
		+	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Definitions]]

Editor at 18:25, 9 November 2022

2022-11-09T18:25:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:25, 9 November 2022
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	In classical architecture petrification was used to describe how material use of the ancient Greeks shifted from wood to stone. It is considered to have contributed to the origins of the Doric order in classical architecture, where the established architectural vocabulary that had developed and been built in wood or timber was translated into stone, once materials and skills were available. The term has also been used later more generally to describe the processes of transformation from cob and timber buildings in cities and towns across Europe during the post-medieval period (15-1700's), to brick and stone. This transformation was perhaps less about form but did have an impact how development occurred.		In classical architecture petrification was used to describe how material use of the ancient Greeks shifted from wood to stone. It is considered to have contributed to the origins of the Doric order in classical architecture, where the established architectural vocabulary that had developed and been built in wood or timber was translated into stone, once materials and skills were available. The term has also been used later more generally to describe the processes of transformation from cob and timber buildings in cities and towns across Europe during the post-medieval period (15-1700's), to brick and stone. This transformation was perhaps less about form but did have an impact how development occurred.

−	In geology petrification (also called petrifaction) refers to the filling of pores found in organic material with minerals, thus in effect turning the primary materials into a form of stone or so to speak a process of fossilisation. Geologically there two processes involved in petrification~~: Permineralization~~ is when pore spaces and cavities of ~~the~~ organic material are filled with ~~such~~ minerals as calcite, quartz, pyrite, apatite (calcium phosphate) and siderite (iron carbonate) from the groundwater of deltas, floodplains or in relation to water soluble volcanic ash. The second, pyritization is a similar process ~~that occurs~~ in marine environments or in buried sediment ~~where~~ iron and sulfur are ~~deposited~~.	+	In geology petrification (also called petrifaction) refers to the filling of pores found in organic material with minerals, thus in effect turning the primary materials into a form of stone or so to speak a process of fossilisation. Geologically there two processes involved in petrification; permineralization and replacement. The first permineralization process is when pore spaces and cavities of an organic material are filled with minerals such as calcite, quartz, pyrite, apatite (calcium phosphate) and siderite (iron carbonate) from the groundwater of deltas, floodplains or in relation to water soluble volcanic ash. The second process of the former is pyritization which is a similar process occurring in marine environments or where buried sediment contains iron and sulfur. Replacement as sugested is different because the orgainic material is to a greater or lesser degree replaced by the mineral replacement. This process is significantly slower and describes biotic material replacement with abiotic, minerals commonly involved are calcite, silica, pyrite, and hematite.

Editor at 18:17, 9 November 2022

2022-11-09T18:17:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:17, 9 November 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Petrification in general refers to something turning to stone. It is a term that has been used in classical architecture, more specifically in geology as well as in mythology.		Petrification in general refers to something turning to stone. It is a term that has been used in classical architecture, more specifically in geology as well as in mythology.

−	In classical architecture petrification was used to describe how material use of the ancient Greeks shifted from wood to stone. It is considered to have contributed to the origins of the Doric order in classical architecture, where the established architectural vocabulary that had developed and been built in wood or timber was translated into stone, once materials and skills were available. The term has also been used later more generally to describe the processes of transformation from cob and timber buildings in cities and towns across Europe during the post-medieval period (15-1700's) to brick and stone.	+	In classical architecture petrification was used to describe how material use of the ancient Greeks shifted from wood to stone. It is considered to have contributed to the origins of the Doric order in classical architecture, where the established architectural vocabulary that had developed and been built in wood or timber was translated into stone, once materials and skills were available. The term has also been used later more generally to describe the processes of transformation from cob and timber buildings in cities and towns across Europe during the post-medieval period (15-1700's), to brick and stone. This transformation was perhaps less about form but did have an impact how development occurred.
		+
		+	In geology petrification (also called petrifaction) refers to the filling of pores found in organic material with minerals, thus in effect turning the primary materials into a form of stone or so to speak a process of fossilisation. Geologically there two processes involved in petrification: Permineralization is when pore spaces and cavities of the organic material are filled with such minerals as calcite, quartz, pyrite, apatite (calcium phosphate) and siderite (iron carbonate) from the groundwater of deltas, floodplains or in relation to water soluble volcanic ash. The second, pyritization is a similar process that occurs in marine environments or in buried sediment where iron and sulfur are deposited.

Editor at 17:40, 9 November 2022

2022-11-09T17:40:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:40, 9 November 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	Petrification in general refers to something turning to stone. It is a term that has been used in classical architecture, more specifically in geology ~~aswell~~ as in mythology.	+	Petrification in general refers to something turning to stone. It is a term that has been used in classical architecture, more specifically in geology as well as in mythology.

−	In classical architecture petrification was used to describe how ~~the~~ material use of the ancient Greeks shifted from wood to stone. It is considered to have contributed to the origins of the Doric order in classical architecture, where the established architectural vocabulary that had developed and been built in wood or timber was translated into stone, once materials and skills were available.	+	In classical architecture petrification was used to describe how material use of the ancient Greeks shifted from wood to stone. It is considered to have contributed to the origins of the Doric order in classical architecture, where the established architectural vocabulary that had developed and been built in wood or timber was translated into stone, once materials and skills were available. The term has also been used later more generally to describe the processes of transformation from cob and timber buildings in cities and towns across Europe during the post-medieval period (15-1700's) to brick and stone.
−		+
−	It also ~~shows~~ the ~~effect this had on~~ the ~~classical architecture style. During the Archaic and early Classical times~~ (~~6th~~ and ~~5th centuries BC), early temples used a style of classical architecture called Doric~~	+

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Petrification in general refers to something turning to stone. It is a term that has been used in classical architecture, more specifically in geology aswell as in mythology.

In classical architecture petrification was used to describe how the material use of the ancient Greeks shifted from wood to stone. It is considered to have contributed to the origins of the Doric order in classical architecture, where the established architectural vocabulary that had developed and been built in wood or timber was translated into stone, once materials and skills were available.

It also shows the effect this had on the classical architecture style. During the Archaic and early Classical times (6th and 5th centuries BC), early temples used a style of classical architecture called Doric