Pantheon - Revision history

Editor at 17:49, 15 June 2021

2021-06-15T17:49:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:49, 15 June 2021
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	* Building of the week series.		* Building of the week series.
	* Classical orders in architecture.		* Classical orders in architecture.
		+	* Coffering.
	* Elements of classical columns.		* Elements of classical columns.
	* Elements of structure.		* Elements of structure.

Editor at 17:07, 11 June 2021

2021-06-11T17:07:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:07, 11 June 2021
Line 45:		Line 45:
	* Elements of structure.		* Elements of structure.
	* Florence Cathedral.		* Florence Cathedral.
		+	* Lancunar.
	* Parthenon.		* Parthenon.
	* Pediment.		* Pediment.
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	* Types of dome.		* Types of dome.

−	~~[[Category:Conservation]]~~ [[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:DCN_Project_Knowledge]] [[Category:History]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]]	+	[[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:DCN_Project_Knowledge]] [[Category:History]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Conservation]]

Designing Buildings at 07:36, 19 November 2020

2020-11-19T07:36:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:36, 19 November 2020
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	The interior is divided into different zones which have a disorientating effect due to the lack of overall cohesion, and the checkerboard floor pattern contrasts with the dome and its concentric circles of square coffers.		The interior is divided into different zones which have a disorientating effect due to the lack of overall cohesion, and the checkerboard floor pattern contrasts with the dome and its concentric circles of square coffers.

−	~~= Find out more =~~	+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =
−		+
−	=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===	+

	* Architecture.		* Architecture.
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	* Types of dome.		* Types of dome.

−	[[Category:Conservation]] [[Category:~~History~~]] [[Category:~~Projects_and_case_studies~~]] [[Category:~~DCN_Project_Knowledge~~]] [[Category:~~Research_/_Innovation~~]] [[Category:~~DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation~~]]	+	[[Category:Conservation]] [[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:DCN_Project_Knowledge]] [[Category:History]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]]

Editor at 15:08, 19 January 2017

2017-01-19T15:08:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:08, 19 January 2017
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	* Pediment.		* Pediment.
	* Roman colosseum.		* Roman colosseum.
		+	* St Peters Basilica.
	* Types of dome.		* Types of dome.

−	[[Category:Conservation]] [[Category:History]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]]	+	[[Category:Conservation]] [[Category:History]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:DCN_Project_Knowledge]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]]

89.206.221.50 at 10:00, 16 December 2016

2016-12-16T10:00:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:00, 16 December 2016
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	Architecturally, the Pantheon is considered to be one of the most important buildings in the world, and has been a source of inspiration since the time of the Renaissance. Indeed, when Michelangelo first saw it, he is supposed to have said that it looked more like the work of angels than of humans.		Architecturally, the Pantheon is considered to be one of the most important buildings in the world, and has been a source of inspiration since the time of the Renaissance. Indeed, when Michelangelo first saw it, he is supposed to have said that it looked more like the work of angels than of humans.

−	Its portico-and-dome design is the basis of many more modern public buildings such as city halls, universities, libraries, and so on. The iconic dome was the largest in the world for 1,300 years and remains the largest ~~unsupported~~ dome today.	+	Its portico-and-dome design is the basis of many more modern public buildings such as city halls, universities, libraries, and so on. The iconic dome was the largest in the world for 1,300 years and remains the largest unreinforced concrete dome today.

	The Pantheon is owned by the Italian state, and is a popular tourist attraction, visited by 5-6 million people a year.		The Pantheon is owned by the Italian state, and is a popular tourist attraction, visited by 5-6 million people a year.

Designing Buildings at 16:04, 15 December 2016

2016-12-15T16:04:32Z

Editor at 15:19, 15 December 2016

2016-12-15T15:19:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:19, 15 December 2016
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	The present building was completed by the emperor Hadrian and built on the site of an earlier temple commissioned during the reign of Augustus (27 BC – 14 AD) which burnt down. Although the exact date is unknown, it is believed that the Pantheon was completed and dedicated around 126 AD.		The present building was completed by the emperor Hadrian and built on the site of an earlier temple commissioned during the reign of Augustus (27 BC – 14 AD) which burnt down. Although the exact date is unknown, it is believed that the Pantheon was completed and dedicated around 126 AD.

−	Since the 7th century it has been used as a church, which is believed to be the reason for its survival after the fall of Rome and the early-Medieval period of ~~destruction~~.	+	Since the 7th century it has been used as a church, which is believed to be the reason for its survival after the fall of Rome and the early-Medieval period of spoilation.

	Architecturally, the Pantheon is considered to be one of the most important in the world, and has been the source of inspiration for architects since the time of the Renaissance. Indeed, when Michelangelo first saw it, he is supposed to have said that it looked more like the work of angels than of humans.		Architecturally, the Pantheon is considered to be one of the most important in the world, and has been the source of inspiration for architects since the time of the Renaissance. Indeed, when Michelangelo first saw it, he is supposed to have said that it looked more like the work of angels than of humans.

Editor at 15:19, 15 December 2016

2016-12-15T15:19:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:19, 15 December 2016
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	= Introduction =		= Introduction =

−	The Pantheon is a church, formerly a Roman temple, ~~and is~~ widely regarded as the best preserved building from Ancient Rome.	+	The Pantheon is a church, formerly a Roman temple, widely regarded as the best preserved building from Ancient Rome.

	The present building was completed by the emperor Hadrian and built on the site of an earlier temple commissioned during the reign of Augustus (27 BC – 14 AD) which burnt down. Although the exact date is unknown, it is believed that the Pantheon was completed and dedicated around 126 AD.		The present building was completed by the emperor Hadrian and built on the site of an earlier temple commissioned during the reign of Augustus (27 BC – 14 AD) which burnt down. Although the exact date is unknown, it is believed that the Pantheon was completed and dedicated around 126 AD.

Editor at 15:18, 15 December 2016

2016-12-15T15:18:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:18, 15 December 2016
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−		+	[[File:Pantheon2.jpg\|link=File:Pantheon2.jpg]]
−		+
−	[[File:Pantheon2.jpg\|~~640px~~]]	+

	= Introduction =		= Introduction =
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	The Pantheon is owned by the Italian state, and is a very popular tourist attraction, being visited by around 5-6 million people a year.		The Pantheon is owned by the Italian state, and is a very popular tourist attraction, being visited by around 5-6 million people a year.

−	[[File:Pantheon1.jpg\|~~640px~~]]	+	[[File:Pantheon1.jpg\|link=File:Pantheon1.jpg]]

	= Architecture =		= Architecture =
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	The porch is linked to the rotunda via a rectangular vestibule. The cylindrical interior is perfectly proportioned in that it is equal in height to the diameter of the dome, which is 43.3 m (142 ft). It was this arrangement of the large round room attached to a portico which was an innovation in Roman temple architecture. The dome has a central opening, oculus, onto the sky which measures 7.8 m in diameter.		The porch is linked to the rotunda via a rectangular vestibule. The cylindrical interior is perfectly proportioned in that it is equal in height to the diameter of the dome, which is 43.3 m (142 ft). It was this arrangement of the large round room attached to a portico which was an innovation in Roman temple architecture. The dome has a central opening, oculus, onto the sky which measures 7.8 m in diameter.

−	[[File:Pantheon3.jpg\|~~640px~~]]	+	[[File:Pantheon3.jpg\|link=File:Pantheon3.jpg]]

	The great achievement of the architects and engineers of the Pantheon was due to the weight of the dome. The concrete dome was lightened as much as possible, with thickness progressively decreasing towards the upper part from 6.4 m (21 ft) at the base to 1.2 m (3.9 ft) around the oculus. While the ceiling interior is spherical, the effect of the decreasing thickness is that the exterior appears slightly ‘flattened’.		The great achievement of the architects and engineers of the Pantheon was due to the weight of the dome. The concrete dome was lightened as much as possible, with thickness progressively decreasing towards the upper part from 6.4 m (21 ft) at the base to 1.2 m (3.9 ft) around the oculus. While the ceiling interior is spherical, the effect of the decreasing thickness is that the exterior appears slightly ‘flattened’.
Line 45:		Line 43:
	* Classical orders in architecture.		* Classical orders in architecture.
	* Elements of classical columns.		* Elements of classical columns.
−	* Elements of structure ~~in building~~.	+	* Elements of structure.
	* Florence Cathedral.		* Florence Cathedral.
	* Parthenon.		* Parthenon.

Editor: Created page with " 640px = Introduction = The Pantheon is a church, formerly a Roman temple, and is widely regarded as the best preserved building from Ancient Rome. The..."

2016-12-15T15:18:39Z

Created page with " 640px = Introduction = The Pantheon is a church, formerly a Roman temple, and is widely regarded as the best preserved building from Ancient Rome. The..."

New page

[[File:Pantheon2.jpg|640px]]

= Introduction =

The Pantheon is a church, formerly a Roman temple, and is widely regarded as the best preserved building from Ancient Rome.

The present building was completed by the emperor Hadrian and built on the site of an earlier temple commissioned during the reign of Augustus (27 BC – 14 AD) which burnt down. Although the exact date is unknown, it is believed that the Pantheon was completed and dedicated around 126 AD.

Since the 7th century it has been used as a church, which is believed to be the reason for its survival after the fall of Rome and the early-Medieval period of destruction.

Architecturally, the Pantheon is considered to be one of the most important in the world, and has been the source of inspiration for architects since the time of the Renaissance. Indeed, when Michelangelo first saw it, he is supposed to have said that it looked more like the work of angels than of humans.

Its portico-and-dome structure is the basis of many public buildings such as city halls, universities, libraries, and so on, dating from the 19th and 20th centuries. The iconic dome was the largest in the world for 1,300 years and remains the largest unsupported dome.

The Pantheon is owned by the Italian state, and is a very popular tourist attraction, being visited by around 5-6 million people a year.

[[File:Pantheon1.jpg|640px]]

= Architecture =

Hadrian changed the orientation from the original temple and placed the façade north-facing. The building is circular with 16 large granite Corinthian columns that make up a portico under a pediment. The columns are 11.8 m (39 ft) tall, 1.5 m (5 ft) in diameter, and weigh 60 tons each.

The porch is linked to the rotunda via a rectangular vestibule. The cylindrical interior is perfectly proportioned in that it is equal in height to the diameter of the dome, which is 43.3 m (142 ft). It was this arrangement of the large round room attached to a portico which was an innovation in Roman temple architecture. The dome has a central opening, oculus, onto the sky which measures 7.8 m in diameter.

[[File:Pantheon3.jpg|640px]]

The great achievement of the architects and engineers of the Pantheon was due to the weight of the dome. The concrete dome was lightened as much as possible, with thickness progressively decreasing towards the upper part from 6.4 m (21 ft) at the base to 1.2 m (3.9 ft) around the oculus. While the ceiling interior is spherical, the effect of the decreasing thickness is that the exterior appears slightly ‘flattened’.

Also differing are the materials used in the dome concrete. At the thickest point, the aggregate used is travertine, then terracotta tiles; while at the very top, light porous stones (tufa and pumice) are used. This has the effect of substantially reducing the dome stresses. Experts have estimated that had normal weight concrete been used throughout, arch stresses would have been 80% greater.

Sunken panels, or coffers, are built into the dome, in five rings of 28. It is thought that this layout had symbolic meaning, perhaps geometric or lunar.

Adding to the ingenuity of the structural design, hidden chambers are incorporated within the rotunda which reduces the roof weight. A series of brick relieving arches at the top of the rotunda wall are visible from the outside, in addition to relieving arches over the interior recesses.

The checkerboard floor pattern contrasts with the dome and its concentric circles of square coffers. The interior is divided into different zones which have a disorientating effect due to the lack of overall cohesion.

= Find out more =

=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===

* Architecture.
* Building of the week series.
* Classical orders in architecture.
* Elements of classical columns.
* Elements of structure in building.
* Florence Cathedral.
* Parthenon.
* Pediment.
* Roman colosseum.
* Types of dome.

[[Category:Conservation]] [[Category:History]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:04, 15 December 2016
Line 5:		Line 5:
	The Pantheon is a church, formerly a Roman temple, widely regarded as the best preserved building from Ancient Rome.		The Pantheon is a church, formerly a Roman temple, widely regarded as the best preserved building from Ancient Rome.

−	The present building was completed by the emperor Hadrian ~~and built~~ on the site of an earlier temple commissioned during the reign of Augustus (27 BC – 14 AD) which burnt down. Although the exact date is ~~unknown~~, it is believed ~~that~~ the Pantheon was completed and dedicated around 126 AD.	+	The present building was completed by the emperor Hadrian, on the site of an earlier temple commissioned during the reign of Augustus (27 BC – 14 AD) which had burnt down. Although the exact date is not known, it is believed the Pantheon was completed and dedicated around 126 AD.

	Since the 7th century it has been used as a church, which is believed to be the reason for its survival after the fall of Rome and the early-Medieval period of spoilation.		Since the 7th century it has been used as a church, which is believed to be the reason for its survival after the fall of Rome and the early-Medieval period of spoilation.

−	Architecturally, the Pantheon is considered to be one of the most important in the world, and has been ~~the~~ source of inspiration ~~for architects~~ since the time of the Renaissance. Indeed, when Michelangelo first saw it, he is supposed to have said that it looked more like the work of angels than of humans.	+	Architecturally, the Pantheon is considered to be one of the most important buildings in the world, and has been a source of inspiration since the time of the Renaissance. Indeed, when Michelangelo first saw it, he is supposed to have said that it looked more like the work of angels than of humans.

−	Its portico-and-dome ~~structure~~ is the basis of many public buildings such as city halls, universities, libraries, and so on~~, dating from the 19th and 20th centuries~~. The iconic dome was the largest in the world for 1,300 years and remains the largest unsupported dome.	+	Its portico-and-dome design is the basis of many more modern public buildings such as city halls, universities, libraries, and so on. The iconic dome was the largest in the world for 1,300 years and remains the largest unsupported dome today.

−	The Pantheon is owned by the Italian state, and is a ~~very~~ popular tourist attraction, ~~being~~ visited by ~~around~~ 5-6 million people a year.	+	The Pantheon is owned by the Italian state, and is a popular tourist attraction, visited by 5-6 million people a year.

	[[File:Pantheon1.jpg\|link=File:Pantheon1.jpg]]		[[File:Pantheon1.jpg\|link=File:Pantheon1.jpg]]
Line 19:		Line 19:
	= Architecture =		= Architecture =

−	Hadrian changed the orientation from the original temple ~~and placed the façade~~ north-facing. The building is circular with 16 large granite Corinthian columns ~~that make up a portico under a pediment~~. The columns are 11.8 m (39 ft) tall, 1.5 m (5 ft) in diameter, and weigh 60 tons each.	+	Hadrian changed the orientation from the original temple, creating a north-facing façade. The building is circular with a portico of 16 large granite Corinthian columns. The columns are 11.8 m (39 ft) tall, 1.5 m (5 ft) in diameter, and weigh 60 tons each.

−	The porch is linked to the rotunda ~~via~~ a rectangular vestibule. The cylindrical interior is perfectly proportioned in that it is equal in height to the diameter of the dome, which is 43.3 m (142 ft). It was this arrangement of the large round room attached to a portico which was an innovation in Roman temple architecture. The dome has a central ~~opening~~, oculus~~, onto the sky~~ which measures 7.8 m in diameter.	+	The 'porch' is linked to the rotunda by a rectangular vestibule. The cylindrical interior is perfectly proportioned in that it is equal in height to the diameter of the dome, which is 43.3 m (142 ft). It was this arrangement of the large round room attached to a portico which was an innovation for Roman temple architecture.
		+
		+	The dome has a central, open oculus which measures 7.8 m in diameter.

	[[File:Pantheon3.jpg\|link=File:Pantheon3.jpg]]		[[File:Pantheon3.jpg\|link=File:Pantheon3.jpg]]

−	The ~~great achievement of the architects and engineers of the~~ Pantheon was ~~due to~~ the weight of the dome. The concrete ~~dome~~ was lightened as much as possible, with thickness progressively ~~decreasing~~ towards the upper part from 6.4 m (21 ft) at the base to 1.2 m (3.9 ft) around the oculus. While the ceiling interior is spherical, the effect of the decreasing thickness is that the exterior appears slightly ‘flattened’.	+	The Pantheon was made possible by the light weight of the dome. The concrete was lightened as much as possible, with a thickness that progressively decreases towards the upper part from 6.4 m (21 ft) at the base to 1.2 m (3.9 ft) around the oculus. While the ceiling interior is spherical, the effect of the decreasing thickness means that the exterior appears slightly ‘flattened’.

−	~~Also differing are the materials used in the dome concrete.~~ At the thickest point, the aggregate used is travertine, then terracotta tiles; while at the very top, light porous stones (tufa and pumice) are used. This has the effect of substantially reducing the ~~dome~~ stresses. Experts have estimated that had normal weight concrete been used throughout, arch stresses would have been 80% greater.	+	At the thickest point, the aggregate used is travertine, then terracotta tiles; while at the very top, light porous stones (tufa and pumice) are used. This has the effect of substantially reducing the stresses in the dome. Experts have estimated that had normal weight concrete been used throughout, arch stresses would have been 80% greater.

	Sunken panels, or coffers, are built into the dome, in five rings of 28. It is thought that this layout had symbolic meaning, perhaps geometric or lunar.		Sunken panels, or coffers, are built into the dome, in five rings of 28. It is thought that this layout had symbolic meaning, perhaps geometric or lunar.

−	~~Adding to the ingenuity of the structural design, hidden~~ chambers are incorporated within the rotunda which reduces the roof weight. A series of brick relieving arches at the top of the rotunda wall are visible from the outside, in addition to relieving arches over the interior recesses.	+	Hidden chambers are incorporated within the rotunda which further reduces the roof weight. A series of brick relieving arches at the top of the rotunda wall are visible from the outside, in addition to relieving arches over the interior recesses.

−	~~The checkerboard floor pattern contrasts with the dome and its concentric circles of square coffers.~~ The interior is divided into different zones which have a disorientating effect due to the lack of overall cohesion.	+	The interior is divided into different zones which have a disorientating effect due to the lack of overall cohesion, and the checkerboard floor pattern contrasts with the dome and its concentric circles of square coffers.

	= Find out more =		= Find out more =