Palace of Culture and Science - Revision history

Designing Buildings at 07:48, 27 November 2020

2020-11-27T07:48:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:48, 27 November 2020
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	* Zlota 44, Warsaw.		* Zlota 44, Warsaw.

−	[[Category:~~History~~]] [[Category:~~Projects_and_case_studies~~]] [[Category:~~DCN_Project_Knowledge~~]]	+	[[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:DCN_Project_Knowledge]] [[Category:History]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]]

Designing Buildings at 08:45, 21 March 2020

2020-03-21T08:45:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:45, 21 March 2020
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	* Nowa Huta - Communist tour review.		* Nowa Huta - Communist tour review.
	* Owen Hatherley - Landscapes of Communism.		* Owen Hatherley - Landscapes of Communism.
		+	* Socialist realism in a post-war Czechoslovak new town.
	* The Kremlin.		* The Kremlin.
	* Upside Down House, Poland.		* Upside Down House, Poland.
	* Zlota 44, Warsaw.		* Zlota 44, Warsaw.

−	[[Category:History]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]]	+	[[Category:History]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:DCN_Project_Knowledge]]

Editor at 17:33, 4 October 2019

2019-10-04T17:33:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:33, 4 October 2019
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	In 2010, high-power LED lights were installed as a means of modernising the lighting of the buildings and allowing a range of colours to be displayed at night and for special occasions.		In 2010, high-power LED lights were installed as a means of modernising the lighting of the buildings and allowing a range of colours to be displayed at night and for special occasions.

−	~~= Find out more =~~	+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =
−		+
−	=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===	+

	* Building of the week series.		* Building of the week series.

Editor at 18:24, 23 August 2017

2017-08-23T18:24:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:24, 23 August 2017
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	* Imagine Moscow exhibition.		* Imagine Moscow exhibition.
	* Ministry of Transportation Building, Georgia.		* Ministry of Transportation Building, Georgia.
		+	* Nowa Huta - Communist tour review.
	* Owen Hatherley - Landscapes of Communism.		* Owen Hatherley - Landscapes of Communism.
	* The Kremlin.		* The Kremlin.

Designing Buildings at 15:29, 17 August 2017

2017-08-17T15:29:16Z

Editor at 14:16, 17 August 2017

2017-08-17T14:16:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:16, 17 August 2017
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	[[File:PKiN2.JPG\|link=File:PKiN2.JPG]]		[[File:PKiN2.JPG\|link=File:PKiN2.JPG]]

−	As Poland has increasingly asserted itself post-Soviet Bloc status, and since gaining membership of the European Union, attitudes towards the PKiN have begun to soften~~. Particularly~~ in the wake of more high-tech, modernist skyscrapers being completed around it in the last few years~~, renewed affection and admiration for it has even been reported~~.	+	As Poland has increasingly asserted itself post-Soviet Bloc status, and since gaining membership of the European Union, attitudes towards the PKiN have begun to soften, particularly in the wake of more high-tech, modernist skyscrapers being completed around it in the last few years.

	The building serves as the centre for different private companies and public institutions. It hosts concerts, museum exhibition, a popular cinema, bars and even Poland’s largest casino. The 30th floor terrace provides a panoramic view of the city and is a popular tourist attraction.		The building serves as the centre for different private companies and public institutions. It hosts concerts, museum exhibition, a popular cinema, bars and even Poland’s largest casino. The 30th floor terrace provides a panoramic view of the city and is a popular tourist attraction.

Editor at 14:15, 17 August 2017

2017-08-17T14:15:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:15, 17 August 2017
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	Completed in 1955, PKiN has long provoked controversy as it was intended as a ‘gift’ from the Soviet Union to Poland, but many considered it to be a symbol of Soviet domination; indeed its original name was the Joseph Stalin Palace of Culture and Science.		Completed in 1955, PKiN has long provoked controversy as it was intended as a ‘gift’ from the Soviet Union to Poland, but many considered it to be a symbol of Soviet domination; indeed its original name was the Joseph Stalin Palace of Culture and Science.

−	The negativity felt by Poles towards the building was also due to the design following that of the ‘Seven Sisters’ high-rises in Moscow, leading to many seeing the PKiN as being an ‘oppressive outpost’ of the USSR capital in the centre of Warsaw. ~~In fact~~, it is often referred to as the ‘Eighth Sister’.Stalin’s name was removed from the building in the wake of the ‘De-Stalinisation’ process that took place over the period after the leader’s death through to Polish independence in the early-1990s.	+	The negativity felt by Poles towards the building was also due to the design following that of the ‘Seven Sisters’ high-rises in Moscow, leading to many seeing the PKiN as being an ‘oppressive outpost’ of the USSR capital in the centre of Warsaw. Indeed, it is often referred to as the ‘Eighth Sister’. Stalin’s name was removed from the building in the wake of the ‘De-Stalinisation’ process that took place over the period after the leader’s death through to Polish independence in the early-1990s.

−	Today, the PKiN has gained more acceptance among Poles, particularly younger generations. ~~Indeed, the~~ urbanist writer Owen Hatherley has praised the building, describing it as being architecturally superior to the ‘Seven Sisters’ upon which it was modelled.	+	Today, the PKiN has gained more acceptance among Poles, particularly younger generations. The urbanist writer Owen Hatherley has praised the building, describing it as being architecturally superior to the ‘Seven Sisters’ upon which it was modelled.

	= Design and construction =		= Design and construction =

Editor at 14:14, 17 August 2017

2017-08-17T14:14:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:14, 17 August 2017
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	Completed in 1955, PKiN has long provoked controversy as it was intended as a ‘gift’ from the Soviet Union to Poland, but many considered it to be a symbol of Soviet domination; indeed its original name was the Joseph Stalin Palace of Culture and Science.		Completed in 1955, PKiN has long provoked controversy as it was intended as a ‘gift’ from the Soviet Union to Poland, but many considered it to be a symbol of Soviet domination; indeed its original name was the Joseph Stalin Palace of Culture and Science.

−	The negativity felt by Poles towards the building was also due to the design following that of the ‘Seven Sisters’ high-rises in Moscow, leading to many seeing the PKiN as being an ‘oppressive outpost’ of the USSR capital in the centre of Warsaw. In fact, it is often referred to as the ‘Eighth Sister’.	+	The negativity felt by Poles towards the building was also due to the design following that of the ‘Seven Sisters’ high-rises in Moscow, leading to many seeing the PKiN as being an ‘oppressive outpost’ of the USSR capital in the centre of Warsaw. In fact, it is often referred to as the ‘Eighth Sister’.Stalin’s name was removed from the building in the wake of the ‘De-Stalinisation’ process that took place over the period after the leader’s death through to Polish independence in the early-1990s.

−	Stalin’s name was removed from the building in the wake of the ‘De-Stalinisation’ process that took place over the period after the leader’s death through to Polish independence in the early-1990s. Today, the PKiN has gained more acceptance among Poles, ~~with~~ younger generations ~~holding it in some level of esteem~~. Indeed, the urbanist writer Owen Hatherley has praised the building, describing it as being architecturally superior to the ‘Seven Sisters’ upon which it was modelled.	+	Today, the PKiN has gained more acceptance among Poles, particularly younger generations. Indeed, the urbanist writer Owen Hatherley has praised the building, describing it as being architecturally superior to the ‘Seven Sisters’ upon which it was modelled.

	= Design and construction =		= Design and construction =

Editor at 14:13, 17 August 2017

2017-08-17T14:13:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:13, 17 August 2017
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	The negativity felt by Poles towards the building was also due to the design following that of the ‘Seven Sisters’ high-rises in Moscow, leading to many seeing the PKiN as being an ‘oppressive outpost’ of the USSR capital in the centre of Warsaw. In fact, it is often referred to as the ‘Eighth Sister’.		The negativity felt by Poles towards the building was also due to the design following that of the ‘Seven Sisters’ high-rises in Moscow, leading to many seeing the PKiN as being an ‘oppressive outpost’ of the USSR capital in the centre of Warsaw. In fact, it is often referred to as the ‘Eighth Sister’.

−	Stalin’s name was removed from the building in the wake of the ‘De-Stalinisation’ process that took place after the leader’s death through ~~the~~ Polish independence in the early-1990s. Today, the PKiN has gained more acceptance among Poles, with younger generations holding it in some level of esteem. Indeed, the urbanist writer Owen Hatherley has praised the building, describing it as being architecturally superior to the ‘Seven Sisters’ upon which it was modelled.	+	Stalin’s name was removed from the building in the wake of the ‘De-Stalinisation’ process that took place over the period after the leader’s death through to Polish independence in the early-1990s. Today, the PKiN has gained more acceptance among Poles, with younger generations holding it in some level of esteem. Indeed, the urbanist writer Owen Hatherley has praised the building, describing it as being architecturally superior to the ‘Seven Sisters’ upon which it was modelled.

	= Design and construction =		= Design and construction =

Editor at 14:13, 17 August 2017

2017-08-17T14:13:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:13, 17 August 2017
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−	[[File:PKiN1.jpg]]	+	[[File:PKiN1.jpg\|link=File:PKiN1.jpg]]

	= Introduction =		= Introduction =
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	The Palace of Culture and Science (PKiN), is a modernist high-rise building located in Warsaw, Poland. At 237 m (778 ft) tall, including a structural 43 m-high spire, it is the tallest building in Poland, and is one of the most visible and recognisible landmarks in Warsaw.		The Palace of Culture and Science (PKiN), is a modernist high-rise building located in Warsaw, Poland. At 237 m (778 ft) tall, including a structural 43 m-high spire, it is the tallest building in Poland, and is one of the most visible and recognisible landmarks in Warsaw.

−	Completed in 1955, PKiN has long provoked controversy as it was intended as a ‘gift’ from the Soviet Union to Poland, but many considered it to be a symbol of Soviet domination; indeed its original name was the Joseph Stalin Palace of Culture and Science. The negativity felt by Poles towards the building was also due to the design following that of the ‘Seven Sisters’ high-rises in Moscow, leading to many seeing the PKiN as being an ‘oppressive outpost’ of the USSR capital in the centre of Warsaw. In fact, it is often referred to as the ‘Eighth Sister’.	+	Completed in 1955, PKiN has long provoked controversy as it was intended as a ‘gift’ from the Soviet Union to Poland, but many considered it to be a symbol of Soviet domination; indeed its original name was the Joseph Stalin Palace of Culture and Science.
		+
		+	The negativity felt by Poles towards the building was also due to the design following that of the ‘Seven Sisters’ high-rises in Moscow, leading to many seeing the PKiN as being an ‘oppressive outpost’ of the USSR capital in the centre of Warsaw. In fact, it is often referred to as the ‘Eighth Sister’.

	Stalin’s name was removed from the building in the wake of the ‘De-Stalinisation’ process that took place after the leader’s death through the Polish independence in the early-1990s. Today, the PKiN has gained more acceptance among Poles, with younger generations holding it in some level of esteem. Indeed, the urbanist writer Owen Hatherley has praised the building, describing it as being architecturally superior to the ‘Seven Sisters’ upon which it was modelled.		Stalin’s name was removed from the building in the wake of the ‘De-Stalinisation’ process that took place after the leader’s death through the Polish independence in the early-1990s. Today, the PKiN has gained more acceptance among Poles, with younger generations holding it in some level of esteem. Indeed, the urbanist writer Owen Hatherley has praised the building, describing it as being architecturally superior to the ‘Seven Sisters’ upon which it was modelled.
Line 11:		Line 13:
	= Design and construction =		= Design and construction =

−	[[File:PKiN3.jpg]]	+	[[File:PKiN3.jpg\|link=File:PKiN3.jpg]]

	The main architect who designed the building was Lev Rudnev, who followed the architecture of the ‘Seven Sisters’ high-rises in Moscow, which are often likened to shorter and more squat versions of the American art deco skyscrapers like the Empire State Building. Rudnev attempted to create an eclectic mix of a steel-framed structure with Russian baroque and gothic details.		The main architect who designed the building was Lev Rudnev, who followed the architecture of the ‘Seven Sisters’ high-rises in Moscow, which are often likened to shorter and more squat versions of the American art deco skyscrapers like the Empire State Building. Rudnev attempted to create an eclectic mix of a steel-framed structure with Russian baroque and gothic details.
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	= Post-completion =		= Post-completion =

−	[[File:PKiN2.JPG]]	+	[[File:PKiN2.JPG\|link=File:PKiN2.JPG]]

	As Poland has increasingly asserted itself post-Soviet Bloc status, and since gaining membership of the European Union, attitudes towards the PKiN have begun to soften. Particularly in the wake of more high-tech, modernist skyscrapers being completed around it in the last few years, renewed affection and admiration for it has even been reported.		As Poland has increasingly asserted itself post-Soviet Bloc status, and since gaining membership of the European Union, attitudes towards the PKiN have begun to soften. Particularly in the wake of more high-tech, modernist skyscrapers being completed around it in the last few years, renewed affection and admiration for it has even been reported.

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:29, 17 August 2017
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	= Introduction =		= Introduction =

−	The Palace of Culture and Science (PKiN), is a modernist high-rise building ~~located~~ in Warsaw, Poland. At 237 m (778 ft) tall, including a ~~structural~~ 43 m-high spire, it is the tallest building in Poland, and is one of the most visible and ~~recognisible~~ landmarks in Warsaw.	+	The Palace of Culture and Science (PKiN), is a modernist high-rise building in Warsaw, Poland. At 237 m (778 ft) tall, including a 43 m-high spire, it is the tallest building in Poland, and one of the most visible and recognisable landmarks in Warsaw.

	Completed in 1955, PKiN has long provoked controversy as it was intended as a ‘gift’ from the Soviet Union to Poland, but many considered it to be a symbol of Soviet domination; indeed its original name was the Joseph Stalin Palace of Culture and Science.		Completed in 1955, PKiN has long provoked controversy as it was intended as a ‘gift’ from the Soviet Union to Poland, but many considered it to be a symbol of Soviet domination; indeed its original name was the Joseph Stalin Palace of Culture and Science.

−	The negativity felt by Poles towards the building was also due to the design following that of the ‘Seven Sisters’ high-rises in Moscow, leading to many seeing the PKiN as ~~being~~ an ‘oppressive outpost’ of the USSR ~~capital~~ in the centre of Warsaw. Indeed, it is often referred to as the ‘Eighth Sister’. Stalin’s name was removed from the building in the wake of the ‘De-Stalinisation’ process that took place ~~over the period~~ after the leader’s death through to Polish independence in the early-1990s.	+	The negativity felt by Poles towards the building was also due to the design following that of the ‘Seven Sisters’ high-rises in Moscow, leading to many seeing the PKiN as an ‘oppressive outpost’ of the USSR in the centre of Warsaw. Indeed, it is often referred to as the ‘Eighth Sister’. Stalin’s name was removed from the building in the wake of the ‘De-Stalinisation’ process that took place after the leader’s death through to Polish independence in the early-1990s.

−	Today, the PKiN has gained more acceptance among Poles, particularly younger generations. The urbanist writer Owen Hatherley ~~has~~ praised the building, describing it as ~~being~~ architecturally superior to the ‘Seven Sisters’ upon which it was modelled.	+	Today, the PKiN has gained more acceptance among Poles, particularly younger generations. The urbanist writer Owen Hatherley praised the building, describing it as architecturally superior to the ‘Seven Sisters’ upon which it was modelled.

	= Design and construction =		= Design and construction =
Line 15:		Line 15:
	[[File:PKiN3.jpg\|link=File:PKiN3.jpg]]		[[File:PKiN3.jpg\|link=File:PKiN3.jpg]]

−	The main architect ~~who designed~~ the building was Lev Rudnev, who followed the architecture of the ‘Seven Sisters’ high-rises in Moscow, which are often likened to shorter and more squat versions of the American art deco skyscrapers ~~like~~ the Empire State Building. Rudnev attempted to create an eclectic mix of a steel-framed structure with Russian baroque and gothic details.	+	The main architect for the building was Lev Rudnev, who followed the architecture of the ‘Seven Sisters’ high-rises in Moscow, which are often likened to shorter and more squat versions of the American art deco skyscrapers such as the Empire State Building. Rudnev attempted to create an eclectic mix of a steel-framed structure with Russian baroque and gothic details.

−	However, Rudnev also visited several Polish heritage sites in Krakow and Zamosc ~~as a means of studying~~ the Polish Renaissance architecture of the houses and palaces there. As a result, he decorated the roof with spiky masonry ‘Polish parapets’.	+	However, Rudnev also visited several Polish heritage sites in Krakow and Zamosc to study the Polish Renaissance architecture of the houses and palaces there. As a result, he decorated the roof with spiky masonry ‘Polish parapets’. Regardless of this, many critics at the time and since completion, argued that the monumental scale of the building was at odds with the aesthetic balance of the old city of Warsaw and that it imposed dissonance with its surroundings.
−		+
−	Regardless of this, many critics at the time and since completion, argued that the monumental scale of the building was at odds with the aesthetic balance of the old city of Warsaw and that it imposed dissonance with its surroundings.	+

	The elaborate exterior is surrounded by monumental classical sculptures of Copernicus, Adam Mickiewicz, Marie Curie, and others. The interior is also very elaborate, with marble floors, vast staircases, gilded finishes and large glass chandeliers.		The elaborate exterior is surrounded by monumental classical sculptures of Copernicus, Adam Mickiewicz, Marie Curie, and others. The interior is also very elaborate, with marble floors, vast staircases, gilded finishes and large glass chandeliers.

−	Construction ~~work~~ began in 1952, when most of the surrounding area, and indeed the rest of the ~~entire~~ city, still lay in ruins after the Second World War ~~when Hitler ordered it to be destroyed~~. It was built by 3,500-5,000 Russian and 4,000 Polish workers.	+	Construction began in 1952, when most of the surrounding area, and indeed the rest of the city, still lay in ruins after the Second World War. It was built by 3,500-5,000 Russian and 4,000 Polish workers.

	= Post-completion =		= Post-completion =
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	[[File:PKiN2.JPG\|link=File:PKiN2.JPG]]		[[File:PKiN2.JPG\|link=File:PKiN2.JPG]]

−	As Poland ~~has increasingly~~ asserted itself post-Soviet Bloc status, and since gaining membership of the European Union, attitudes towards the PKiN have begun to soften, particularly in the wake of more high-tech, modernist skyscrapers ~~being~~ completed ~~around it~~ in the last few years.	+	As Poland asserted itself post-Soviet Bloc status, and since gaining membership of the European Union, attitudes towards the PKiN have begun to soften, particularly in the wake of more high-tech, modernist skyscrapers completed in the last few years.

−	The building serves as ~~the centre for different~~ private companies and public institutions. It hosts concerts, museum ~~exhibition~~, a popular cinema, bars and even Poland’s largest casino. The 30th floor terrace provides a panoramic view of the city and is a popular tourist attraction.	+	The building serves as headquarters of a number of private companies and public institutions. It hosts concerts, museum exhibitions, a popular cinema, bars and even Poland’s largest casino. The 30th floor terrace provides a panoramic view of the city and is a popular tourist attraction.

	In 1999 four clock faces measuring 6.3 m in height were added to the top of the building in time for the celebrations of Millennium Eve.		In 1999 four clock faces measuring 6.3 m in height were added to the top of the building in time for the celebrations of Millennium Eve.

−	In 2010, high-power LED lights were installed as a means of modernising the ~~illumination,~~ allowing ~~various~~ colours to be displayed at night and for special occasions.	+	In 2010, high-power LED lights were installed as a means of modernising the lighting of the buildings and allowing a range of colours to be displayed at night and for special occasions.

	= Find out more =		= Find out more =