Nuclear power - Revision history

Editor: Reverted edits by 103.153.142.240 (talk) to last revision by Designing Buildings

2022-08-19T11:49:16Z

Reverted edits by 103.153.142.240 (talk) to last revision by Designing Buildings

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:49, 19 August 2022
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	* Chernobyl New Safe Confinement.		* Chernobyl New Safe Confinement.
−	* [https://teckinews.com/are-small-modular-reactors-the-future-of-nuclear-energy/ small nuclear reactor]
	* Energy storage.		* Energy storage.
	* Energy in the built environment		* Energy in the built environment
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	* Wind energy.		* Wind energy.

−	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]] [[Category:~~Education~~]] [[Category:~~History~~]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]]	+	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]] [[Category:Definitions]] [[Category:Education]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]]

103.153.142.240 at 10:24, 19 August 2022

2022-08-19T10:24:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:24, 19 August 2022
Line 18:		Line 18:

	* Chernobyl New Safe Confinement.		* Chernobyl New Safe Confinement.
		+	* [https://teckinews.com/are-small-modular-reactors-the-future-of-nuclear-energy/ small nuclear reactor]
	* Energy storage.		* Energy storage.
	* Energy in the built environment		* Energy in the built environment
Line 30:		Line 31:
	* Wind energy.		* Wind energy.

−	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]] [[Category:~~Definitions~~]] [[Category:~~Education~~]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]]	+	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]] [[Category:Education]] [[Category:History]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]]

Designing Buildings at 09:27, 31 May 2022

2022-05-31T09:27:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:27, 31 May 2022
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	= Introduction =		= Introduction =

−	Nuclear power ~~describes~~ the process of gathering energy from nuclear or radioactive materials. Radioactive materials ( or Radionuclides) are a class of ~~chemicals~~ where the nucleus of the atom is unstable. They retain stability through ~~various~~ changes in the nucleus such as spontaneous fission, emission of alpha particles, or conversion of neutrons to protons or the reverse. This process is called radioactive decay or transformation, and ~~often~~ is followed by the release of ionizing radiation (beta particles, neutrons, or gamma rays). Theoretically nuclear power can be attained from nuclear fission, nuclear decay and from nuclear fusion reactions.	+	Nuclear power is the process of gathering energy from nuclear or radioactive materials. Radioactive materials ( or Radionuclides) are a class of chemical in where the nucleus of the atom is unstable. They retain stability through changes in the nucleus, such as spontaneous fission, emission of alpha particles, or conversion of neutrons to protons or the reverse. This process is called radioactive decay or transformation, and is often followed by the release of ionizing radiation (beta particles, neutrons, or gamma rays). Theoretically nuclear power can be attained from nuclear fission, nuclear decay and from nuclear fusion reactions.

−	= Nuclear ~~Fission~~ =	+	= Nuclear fission =

−	Nuclear fission in the most common form of nuclear power, this is the splitting of one large atomic nucleus into smaller fragments releasing energy in the process. Many nuclear fission plants exist and mostly use the raw materials uranium (natural, depleted and special uranium) and plutonim as their radioactive fuel source. Environmental concerns exist this type of nuclear power due to the creation of radioactive waste such as uranium mill tailings, spent (used) reactor fuel, and other radioactive wastes. ~~As these~~ materials can remain radioactive and dangerous to human health for thousands of years.	+	Nuclear fission in the most common form of nuclear power, this is the splitting of one large atomic nucleus into smaller fragments releasing energy in the process. Many nuclear fission plants exist and mostly use the raw materials uranium (natural, depleted and special uranium) and plutonim as their radioactive fuel source. Environmental concerns exist about this type of nuclear power due to the creation of radioactive waste such as uranium mill tailings, spent (used) reactor fuel, and other radioactive wastes. These materials can remain radioactive and dangerous to human health for thousands of years.

−	= Nuclear ~~Fusion~~ =	+	= Nuclear fusion =

−	Nuclear fusion involves the joining of two small atomic nuclei into one nucleus ~~and~~ producing energy in the process, it is ~~considered as~~ the ~~sam~~ process by which stars form. It has long been seen as one of the most promising sources of future energy because it requires far less input energy than ~~fisson~~. It is not commercially available but ~~reserach~~ and development continues and something considered to be a major break through came in early 2022. A UK laboratory successfully beat it own record for the amount of energy it could extract by squeezing together two forms of hydrogen~~. which was~~ 59 megajoules of energy over five seconds (11 megawatts of power).	+	Nuclear fusion involves the joining of two small atomic nuclei into one nucleus, producing energy in the process, it is the same process by which stars form. It has long been seen as one of the most promising sources of future energy because it requires far less input energy than fission. It is not commercially available but research and development continues and something considered to be a major break through came in early 2022. A UK laboratory successfully beat its own record for the amount of energy it could extract by squeezing together two forms of hydrogen - 59 megajoules of energy over five seconds (11 megawatts of power).

−	= Nuclear ~~Decay~~ =	+	= Nuclear decay =

−	Power through nuclear decay is also possible and exists on a smaller scale ~~owever~~ in the form of the radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG, RITEG. This is a type of nuclear battery that uses thermocouples to convert the heat released by the radioactive decay of a material into electricity. This type of generator has no moving parts but safe use of requires containment of the radioisotopes long after the life of the unit which makes them expensive. They have however been used in space probes and ~~satelittes aswell~~ as in lighthouses, wherever power without maintenance is required and where other sources such as fuel or solar cells are are not durable or practical.	+	Power through nuclear decay is also possible and exists on a smaller scale in the form of the radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG, RITEG). This is a type of nuclear battery that uses thermocouples to convert the heat released by the radioactive decay of a material into electricity. This type of generator has no moving parts but safe use requires containment of the radioisotopes long after the life of the unit which makes them expensive. They have however been used in space probes and satellites as well as in lighthouses, wherever power without maintenance is required and where other sources such as fuel cells or solar cells are are not durable enough or practical.

	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =		= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

Editor at 13:11, 12 May 2022

2022-05-12T13:11:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:11, 12 May 2022
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		+	= Introduction =
		+
	Nuclear power describes the process of gathering energy from nuclear or radioactive materials. Radioactive materials ( or Radionuclides) are a class of chemicals where the nucleus of the atom is unstable. They retain stability through various changes in the nucleus such as spontaneous fission, emission of alpha particles, or conversion of neutrons to protons or the reverse. This process is called radioactive decay or transformation, and often is followed by the release of ionizing radiation (beta particles, neutrons, or gamma rays). Theoretically nuclear power can be attained from nuclear fission, nuclear decay and from nuclear fusion reactions.		Nuclear power describes the process of gathering energy from nuclear or radioactive materials. Radioactive materials ( or Radionuclides) are a class of chemicals where the nucleus of the atom is unstable. They retain stability through various changes in the nucleus such as spontaneous fission, emission of alpha particles, or conversion of neutrons to protons or the reverse. This process is called radioactive decay or transformation, and often is followed by the release of ionizing radiation (beta particles, neutrons, or gamma rays). Theoretically nuclear power can be attained from nuclear fission, nuclear decay and from nuclear fusion reactions.

−	Nuclear Fission in the most common form of nuclear power, this is the splitting of one large atomic nucleus into smaller fragments releasing energy in the process. Many nuclear fission plants exist and mostly use the raw materials uranium (natural, depleted and special uranium) and plutonim as their radioactive fuel source. ~~Some~~ concerns remain over ~~saf~~	+	= Nuclear Fission =
		+
		+	Nuclear fission in the most common form of nuclear power, this is the splitting of one large atomic nucleus into smaller fragments releasing energy in the process. Many nuclear fission plants exist and mostly use the raw materials uranium (natural, depleted and special uranium) and plutonim as their radioactive fuel source. Environmental concerns exist this type of nuclear power due to the creation of radioactive waste such as uranium mill tailings, spent (used) reactor fuel, and other radioactive wastes. As these materials can remain radioactive and dangerous to human health for thousands of years.
		+
		+	= Nuclear Fusion =
		+
		+	Nuclear fusion involves the joining of two small atomic nuclei into one nucleus and producing energy in the process, it is considered as the sam process by which stars form. It has long been seen as one of the most promising sources of future energy because it requires far less input energy than fisson. It is not commercially available but reserach and development continues and something considered to be a major break through came in early 2022. A UK laboratory successfully beat it own record for the amount of energy it could extract by squeezing together two forms of hydrogen. which was 59 megajoules of energy over five seconds (11 megawatts of power).

−	~~.Research continues and some developments are bein gmade with nuclear~~	+	= Nuclear Decay =

−	owever ~~Currently~~ the ~~vast majority~~ of ~~electricity from nuclear power~~ is ~~produced by~~ nuclear ~~fission~~ of ~~uranium~~ and ~~plutonium~~ in ~~nuclear~~ power ~~plants. Here~~ are ~~a list of different types of radioactive materials along with their uses~~.	+	Power through nuclear decay is also possible and exists on a smaller scale owever in the form of the radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG, RITEG. This is a type of nuclear battery that uses thermocouples to convert the heat released by the radioactive decay of a material into electricity. This type of generator has no moving parts but safe use of requires containment of the radioisotopes long after the life of the unit which makes them expensive. They have however been used in space probes and satelittes aswell as in lighthouses, wherever power without maintenance is required and where other sources such as fuel or solar cells are are not durable or practical.

−	metals uranium, plutonium, and thorium, in any form, according to the IAEA. This is differentiated further into "source material", consisting of natural and depleted uranium, and "special fissionable material", consisting of enriched uranium (U-235), uranium-233, and plutonium-239. Uranium ore concentrates are considered to be a "source material", although these are not subject to safeguards under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.[1]	+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

−	* ~~Plutonium- a silvery white solid metal under normal conditions, produced when uranium absorbs an atomic particle and trace amounts can occur naturally~~. ~~Larger amounts have been produced in nuclear reactors and~~. ~~trace levels can be found~~ in the environment~~, from past~~ nuclear ~~bomb tests, in several forms called isotopes. Plutonium undergoes radioactive decay, where energy is released~~ and ~~a new product is formed. The energy released is called radiation~~.	+	* Chernobyl New Safe Confinement.
−	* Strontium - is a non radioactive naturally occurring element found in rocks, soil, dust, coal, and oil referred to as stable strontium or strontium which exists in four stable isotopes. Strontium compounds are used in making ceramics and glass, pyrotechnics, pigment, fluorescent lights, and medicines. Strontium can also exist as several radioactive isotopes; the ~~most common is formed~~ in ~~nuclear reactors or during the explosion of nuclear weapons~~. ~~Radioactive strontium generates beta particles as it decays~~.	+	* Energy storage.
−	* ~~Thorium - Thorium is a naturally occurring, radioactive substance~~. ~~Thorium exists in combination with other minerals, such as silica in small amounts within all rocks, soil, water, plants,~~ and ~~animals~~. Soil contains an average of about 6 parts of thorium per million parts of soil (6 ppm). It breaks down into a small part called alpha radiation and a larger called the decay product, this is not stable and continues to break down until a stable product is formed. During these decay processes, radioactive substances are produced which include radium and radon, these give off radiation, including alpha and beta particles, and gamma radiation. Some rocks in underground contain more concentrated thorium after mining, thorium is usually concentrated and changed into thorium dioxide or other chemical forms. After most of the thorium is removed, the rocks are called "depleted" ore or tailings. Thorium is used to make ceramics, gas lantern mantles, aerospace metals and in nuclear reactions. Thorium can also be used as a fuel for generating nuclear energy.	+	* Energy in the built environment
−	* Uranium - Uranium is a common naturally occurring, radioactive substance, a normal part of rocks, soil, air, and water, it occurs in the form of minerals – but never as metal. Uranium metal is silver-colored with a gray surface and is nearly as strong as steel. Natural uranium is a mixture of three types or isotopes, which are the same chemical with different radioactive properties. Typical concentrations in soil are a few parts per million ppm. Some rocks contain high enough concentrations to be mined, the uranium is taken out of the rocks and made into uranium chemicals or metal. The remaining sand is called mill tailings. Tailings are rich in the chemicals and radioactive materials that were not removed, such as radium and thorium. One specific isotope is useful as a fuel in powerplants and weapons, this is made by splitting natural uranium into two portions. The fuel portion more of the specific isotope and is called enriched uranium, the leftover portion with less is called depleted uranium, or DU. Natural, depleted, and enriched uranium are chemically identical with depleted being the least radioactive and enriched uranium the most.	+	* Generation nuclear
		+	* Power generation
		+	* Infrastructure and Projects Authority.
		+	* Mitigating the Delay Risk in Power Plant Projects.
		+	* National Infrastructure Plan.
		+	* Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects.
		+	* Planning and managing Hinkley Point C.
		+	* Renewable energy.
		+	* Wind energy.

−	~~that can be obtained by three is the use of nuclear reactions to produce electricity. Nuclear power can be obtained from nuclear fission~~, ~~nuclear decay and nuclear fusion reactions. Presently, the vast majority of electricity from nuclear power is produced by nuclear fission of uranium and plutonium in nuclear power plants.~~	+	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]] [[Category:Definitions]] [[Category:Education]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]]

Editor at 12:49, 12 May 2022

2022-05-12T12:49:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:49, 12 May 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	Nuclear power describes the process of gathering energy from nuclear or radioactive materials. Radioactive materials ( or Radionuclides) are a class of chemicals where the nucleus of the atom is unstable. They retain stability through various changes in the nucleus such as spontaneous fission, emission of alpha particles, or conversion of neutrons to protons or the reverse. This process is called radioactive decay or transformation, and often is followed by the release of ionizing radiation (beta particles, neutrons, or gamma rays).	+	Nuclear power describes the process of gathering energy from nuclear or radioactive materials. Radioactive materials ( or Radionuclides) are a class of chemicals where the nucleus of the atom is unstable. They retain stability through various changes in the nucleus such as spontaneous fission, emission of alpha particles, or conversion of neutrons to protons or the reverse. This process is called radioactive decay or transformation, and often is followed by the release of ionizing radiation (beta particles, neutrons, or gamma rays). Theoretically nuclear power can be attained from nuclear fission, nuclear decay and from nuclear fusion reactions.
		+
		+	Nuclear Fission in the most common form of nuclear power, this is the splitting of one large atomic nucleus into smaller fragments releasing energy in the process. Many nuclear fission plants exist and mostly use the raw materials uranium (natural, depleted and special uranium) and plutonim as their radioactive fuel source. Some concerns remain over saf
		+
		+	.Research continues and some developments are bein gmade with nuclear
		+
		+	owever Currently the vast majority of electricity from nuclear power is produced by nuclear fission of uranium and plutonium in nuclear power plants. Here are a list of different types of radioactive materials along with their uses.
		+
		+	metals uranium, plutonium, and thorium, in any form, according to the IAEA. This is differentiated further into "source material", consisting of natural and depleted uranium, and "special fissionable material", consisting of enriched uranium (U-235), uranium-233, and plutonium-239. Uranium ore concentrates are considered to be a "source material", although these are not subject to safeguards under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.[1]

−	* Cesium - naturally occurring element found in rocks, soil, and dust, it is not radioactive (stable cesium). The breakdown of uranium or nuclear explosions can produce two radioactive forms that decay to non-radioactive elements.
−	* Cobalt - naturally occurring element found in rocks, soil, water, plants, and animals. Cobalt is used to produce alloys for aircraft engines, magnets, artificial joints. Cobalt compounds are used for glass and ceramic colouring. Two types of radioactive cobalt exist in use sterilizing medical equipment, radiation therapy, plastic manufacturing and irradiating food the other is used in medical and scientific research.
−	* Iodine- naturally occurring element in sea water and in certain rocks and sediments. There are non radioactive and radioactive forms of iodine. Iodine is used as a disinfectant, skin soaps and bandages, and for purifying water. Iodine is also added to some table salt for diet. Most radioactive iodine is manmade, it changes very quickly (seconds to days) to be a non-radioactive stable element. It's used in medical disease treatment tests.
−	* Ionizing Radiation - is any one of several types of particles and rays given off by radioactive material, high-voltage equipment, nuclear reactions, and stars. The types that are normally important to your health are alpha particles, beta particles, x rays, and gamma rays. X and gamma rays are types of electromagnetic radiation.
	* Plutonium- a silvery white solid metal under normal conditions, produced when uranium absorbs an atomic particle and trace amounts can occur naturally. Larger amounts have been produced in nuclear reactors and. trace levels can be found in the environment, from past nuclear bomb tests, in several forms called isotopes. Plutonium undergoes radioactive decay, where energy is released and a new product is formed. The energy released is called radiation.		* Plutonium- a silvery white solid metal under normal conditions, produced when uranium absorbs an atomic particle and trace amounts can occur naturally. Larger amounts have been produced in nuclear reactors and. trace levels can be found in the environment, from past nuclear bomb tests, in several forms called isotopes. Plutonium undergoes radioactive decay, where energy is released and a new product is formed. The energy released is called radiation.
−	* ~~Radium~~- ~~Radium~~ is a naturally occurring ~~silvery-white radioactive metal that~~ can exist in several ~~forms called~~ isotopes~~. Radium~~ is formed ~~when uranium and thorium~~, ~~found~~ in rocks ~~and~~ soil, ~~break down in the environment. Radium undergoes radioactive decay~~, ~~dividing into two~~ parts~~-one~~ part is called radiation and the ~~other part is called a daughter~~, ~~which~~ is not stable, and ~~divides into radiation and further daughters~~ until a stable~~, nonradioactive daughter~~ is formed. ~~Alpha~~, beta, and gamma radiation are ~~released during this process~~. ~~Radium has been~~ used for ~~treating cancer~~, ~~radiography~~ of ~~metals~~, ~~combined~~ as a ~~neutron source for research~~ and ~~radiation instrument calibration~~. ~~Until~~ the ~~60s~~, ~~it was~~ a ~~component~~ of the ~~luminous paints~~.	+	* Strontium - is a non radioactive naturally occurring element found in rocks, soil, dust, coal, and oil referred to as stable strontium or strontium which exists in four stable isotopes. Strontium compounds are used in making ceramics and glass, pyrotechnics, pigment, fluorescent lights, and medicines. Strontium can also exist as several radioactive isotopes; the most common is formed in nuclear reactors or during the explosion of nuclear weapons. Radioactive strontium generates beta particles as it decays.
−	* Radon -	+	* Thorium - Thorium is a naturally occurring, radioactive substance. Thorium exists in combination with other minerals, such as silica in small amounts within all rocks, soil, water, plants, and animals. Soil contains an average of about 6 parts of thorium per million parts of soil (6 ppm). It breaks down into a small part called alpha radiation and a larger called the decay product, this is not stable and continues to break down until a stable product is formed. During these decay processes, radioactive substances are produced which include radium and radon, these give off radiation, including alpha and beta particles, and gamma radiation. Some rocks in underground contain more concentrated thorium after mining, thorium is usually concentrated and changed into thorium dioxide or other chemical forms. After most of the thorium is removed, the rocks are called "depleted" ore or tailings. Thorium is used to make ceramics, gas lantern mantles, aerospace metals and in nuclear reactions. Thorium can also be used as a fuel for generating nuclear energy.
−	* Strontium	+	* Uranium - Uranium is a common naturally occurring, radioactive substance, a normal part of rocks, soil, air, and water, it occurs in the form of minerals – but never as metal. Uranium metal is silver-colored with a gray surface and is nearly as strong as steel. Natural uranium is a mixture of three types or isotopes, which are the same chemical with different radioactive properties. Typical concentrations in soil are a few parts per million ppm. Some rocks contain high enough concentrations to be mined, the uranium is taken out of the rocks and made into uranium chemicals or metal. The remaining sand is called mill tailings. Tailings are rich in the chemicals and radioactive materials that were not removed, such as radium and thorium. One specific isotope is useful as a fuel in powerplants and weapons, this is made by splitting natural uranium into two portions. The fuel portion more of the specific isotope and is called enriched uranium, the leftover portion with less is called depleted uranium, or DU. Natural, depleted, and enriched uranium are chemically identical with depleted being the least radioactive and enriched uranium the most.
−	* Thorium	+
−	* Uranium	+

	that can be obtained by three is the use of nuclear reactions to produce electricity. Nuclear power can be obtained from nuclear fission, nuclear decay and nuclear fusion reactions. Presently, the vast majority of electricity from nuclear power is produced by nuclear fission of uranium and plutonium in nuclear power plants.		that can be obtained by three is the use of nuclear reactions to produce electricity. Nuclear power can be obtained from nuclear fission, nuclear decay and nuclear fusion reactions. Presently, the vast majority of electricity from nuclear power is produced by nuclear fission of uranium and plutonium in nuclear power plants.

Editor: Created page with "Nuclear power describes the process of gathering energy from nuclear or radioactive materials. Radioactive materials ( or Radionuclides) are a class of chemicals where the nucleu..."

2022-05-12T08:44:22Z

Created page with "Nuclear power describes the process of gathering energy from nuclear or radioactive materials. Radioactive materials ( or Radionuclides) are a class of chemicals where the nucleu..."

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Nuclear power describes the process of gathering energy from nuclear or radioactive materials. Radioactive materials ( or Radionuclides) are a class of chemicals where the nucleus of the atom is unstable. They retain stability through various changes in the nucleus such as spontaneous fission, emission of alpha particles, or conversion of neutrons to protons or the reverse. This process is called radioactive decay or transformation, and often is followed by the release of ionizing radiation (beta particles, neutrons, or gamma rays).

* Cesium - naturally occurring element found in rocks, soil, and dust, it is not radioactive (stable cesium). The breakdown of uranium or nuclear explosions can produce two radioactive forms that decay to non-radioactive elements.
* Cobalt - naturally occurring element found in rocks, soil, water, plants, and animals. Cobalt is used to produce alloys for aircraft engines, magnets, artificial joints. Cobalt compounds are used for glass and ceramic colouring. Two types of radioactive cobalt exist in use sterilizing medical equipment, radiation therapy, plastic manufacturing and irradiating food the other is used in medical and scientific research.
* Iodine- naturally occurring element in sea water and in certain rocks and sediments. There are non radioactive and radioactive forms of iodine. Iodine is used as a disinfectant, skin soaps and bandages, and for purifying water. Iodine is also added to some table salt for diet. Most radioactive iodine is manmade, it changes very quickly (seconds to days) to be a non-radioactive stable element. It's used in medical disease treatment tests.
* Ionizing Radiation - is any one of several types of particles and rays given off by radioactive material, high-voltage equipment, nuclear reactions, and stars. The types that are normally important to your health are alpha particles, beta particles, x rays, and gamma rays. X and gamma rays are types of electromagnetic radiation.
* Plutonium- a silvery white solid metal under normal conditions, produced when uranium absorbs an atomic particle and trace amounts can occur naturally. Larger amounts have been produced in nuclear reactors and. trace levels can be found in the environment, from past nuclear bomb tests, in several forms called isotopes. Plutonium undergoes radioactive decay, where energy is released and a new product is formed. The energy released is called radiation.
* Radium- Radium is a naturally occurring silvery-white radioactive metal that can exist in several forms called isotopes. Radium is formed when uranium and thorium, found in rocks and soil, break down in the environment. Radium undergoes radioactive decay, dividing into two parts-one part is called radiation and the other part is called a daughter, which is not stable, and divides into radiation and further daughters until a stable, nonradioactive daughter is formed. Alpha, beta, and gamma radiation are released during this process. Radium has been used for treating cancer, radiography of metals, combined as a neutron source for research and radiation instrument calibration. Until the 60s, it was a component of the luminous paints.
* Radon -
* Strontium
* Thorium
* Uranium

that can be obtained by three is the use of nuclear reactions to produce electricity. Nuclear power can be obtained from nuclear fission, nuclear decay and nuclear fusion reactions. Presently, the vast majority of electricity from nuclear power is produced by nuclear fission of uranium and plutonium in nuclear power plants.