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		<id>https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Nickel</id>
		<title>Nickel - Revision history</title>
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		<updated>2026-05-11T02:45:45Z</updated>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/index.php?title=Nickel&amp;diff=231840&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Designing Buildings at 07:08, 30 May 2022</title>
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				<updated>2022-05-30T07:08:45Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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		&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 07:08, 30 May 2022&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Nickel (Ni), is a chemical element and ferromagnetic metal, Group 10 (VIIIb) of the periodic table. It is silvery white, tough, and hard, it is &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;extreemly &lt;/del&gt;resistant to oxidation and corrosion.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Nickel (Ni), is a chemical element and ferromagnetic metal, Group 10 (VIIIb) of the periodic table. It is silvery white, tough, and hard, it is &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;extremely &lt;/ins&gt;resistant to oxidation and corrosion.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;It is a familiar because of its use in coins but is important as a pure metal and in alloys, in particular in the manufacture of &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;stailess &lt;/del&gt;steel for which over half of the worlds nickel is used. It is also used for nickel and copper alloys, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;aswell &lt;/del&gt;as steels, in nickel plating of iron and brass, and in coating chemistry equipment with a shiny metallic finish.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;It is a familiar because of its use in coins&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;, &lt;/ins&gt;but &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;it &lt;/ins&gt;is important as a pure metal and in alloys, in particular in the manufacture of &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;stainless &lt;/ins&gt;steel for which over half of the worlds nickel is used. It is also used for nickel and copper alloys, as &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;well as other &lt;/ins&gt;steels, in nickel plating of iron and brass, and in coating chemistry equipment with a shiny metallic finish.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Nickel coated stainless was invented in the early 1900's and was used as a cladding material in a number of high profile buildings in the 20's and 30's, such as, quite early on, the Savoy hotel in London, then the Chrysler and Empire State Buildings in New York City in the 30's. The introduction of curtain walling as a modular construction method in the 50's continued to grow the demand for the use of nickel in stainless steel structural elements, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;right up to &lt;/del&gt;the Louvre pyramid in Paris&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;, the demand for this type of steel in many forms up to today&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Nickel coated stainless was invented in the early 1900's and was used as a cladding material in a number of high profile buildings in the 20's and 30's, such as, quite early on, the Savoy hotel in London, then the Chrysler and Empire State Buildings in New York City in the 30's. The introduction of curtain walling as a modular construction method in the 50's continued to grow the demand for the use of nickel in stainless steel structural elements, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;including &lt;/ins&gt;the Louvre pyramid in Paris.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;For every ton of steel produced in 2018 an average of 1.85 tons of carbon dioxide were emitted, this equated to about 8 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions. Steel and stainless steel however can and are recycled&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;, depending &lt;/del&gt;on end use, an average of around 85% of steel is recycled, whilst over 99% of steel from scrap cars is recycled, though the process does require energy it is less that for virgin steel.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;For every ton of steel produced in 2018 an average of 1.85 tons of carbon dioxide were emitted, this equated to about 8 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions. Steel and stainless steel however can and are recycled&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;. Depending &lt;/ins&gt;on end use, an average of around 85% of steel is recycled, whilst over 99% of steel from scrap cars is recycled, though the process does require energy&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;, but &lt;/ins&gt;it is less that for virgin steel.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;As a compound, nickel also has a number of chemical uses; as a catalyst for hydrogenation, in cathodes for rechargeable batteries (for which demand has also increased dramatically), &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;aswell also &lt;/del&gt;in pigments. It is also an essential nutrient for some microorganisms and plants.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;As a compound, nickel also has a number of chemical uses; as a catalyst for hydrogenation, in cathodes for rechargeable batteries (for which demand has also increased dramatically), &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;as well as &lt;/ins&gt;in pigments. It is also an essential nutrient for some microorganisms and plants.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;= Related articles on Designing Buildings =&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;= Related articles on Designing Buildings =&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Architectural styles.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Civil Engineering during the Industrial Revolution in Britain.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Concrete-steel composite structures.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Constructing steel buildings.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Constructing steel buildings.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Corrosion resistance.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Corrosion resistance.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Eiffel Tower.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Failure of metals.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Failure of metals.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Galvanised steel.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Galvanised steel.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Metal fabrication.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Metal fabrication.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Plastic-coated steel pipes.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Rebar.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Reinforced concrete.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Rust.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Rust.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Stainless steel.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Stainless steel.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 28:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 21:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Stainless steel fabrication in building.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Stainless steel fabrication in building.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Stainless steel in construction&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Stainless steel in construction&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Steel framed rooflights.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Structural steelwork.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Structural steelwork.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Super-strength steel structures.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Super-strength steel structures.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Sustainable materials.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Tension.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Types of metal.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Types of metal.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Types of steel.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* Types of steel.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* Weathering steel.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* What is causing the rise in steel prices?&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Definitions]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Definitions]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Designing Buildings</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/index.php?title=Nickel&amp;diff=231537&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Editor at 17:14, 23 May 2022</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/index.php?title=Nickel&amp;diff=231537&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2022-05-23T17:14:40Z</updated>
		
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		&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 17:14, 23 May 2022&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Nickel (Ni), is a chemical element and ferromagnetic metal &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;of &lt;/del&gt;Group 10 (VIIIb) of the periodic table. It is silvery white, tough, and hard, it is extreemly resistant to oxidation and corrosion.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Nickel (Ni), is a chemical element and ferromagnetic metal&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;, &lt;/ins&gt;Group 10 (VIIIb) of the periodic table. It is silvery white, tough, and hard, it is extreemly resistant to oxidation and corrosion.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;It is a familiar because of its use in coins but is important as a pure metal and in alloys, in particular in the manufacture of stailess steel for which over half of the worlds nickel is used. It is also used for nickel and copper alloys, aswell as &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;alloy &lt;/del&gt;steels, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;and &lt;/del&gt;in nickel plating of iron and brass, and in coating chemistry equipment with a &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;shny &lt;/del&gt;metallic finish.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;It is a familiar because of its use in coins but is important as a pure metal and in alloys, in particular in the manufacture of stailess steel for which over half of the worlds nickel is used. It is also used for nickel and copper alloys, aswell as steels, in nickel plating of iron and brass, and in coating chemistry equipment with a &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;shiny &lt;/ins&gt;metallic finish.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Nickel coated stainless was invented in the early 1900's and was used as a cladding material in a number of high profile buildings in the 20's and 30's, such as, quite early, the Savoy hotel in London, then the Chrysler and Empire State &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Building &lt;/del&gt;in New York City in the 30's. The introduction of curtain walling as a modular construction method in the 50's continued to grow the demand for the use of nickel in stainless &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;steels &lt;/del&gt;structural elements up to the Louvre pyramid in Paris, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;which continues right &lt;/del&gt;up to today.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Nickel coated stainless was invented in the early 1900's and was used as a cladding material in a number of high profile buildings in the 20's and 30's, such as, quite early &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;on&lt;/ins&gt;, the Savoy hotel in London, then the Chrysler and Empire State &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Buildings &lt;/ins&gt;in New York City in the 30's. The introduction of curtain walling as a modular construction method in the 50's continued to grow the demand for the use of nickel in stainless &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;steel &lt;/ins&gt;structural elements&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;, right &lt;/ins&gt;up to the Louvre pyramid in Paris, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;the demand for this type of steel in many forms &lt;/ins&gt;up to today.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;For every ton of steel produced in 2018 an average of 1.85 tons of carbon dioxide were emitted, this equated to about 8 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions. Steel and stainless steel however can and are recycled, depending on end use, an average of around 85% of steel is recycled, whilst over 99% of steel from scrap cars is recycled, though the process &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;requires &lt;/del&gt;energy it is less that for virgin steel.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;For every ton of steel produced in 2018 an average of 1.85 tons of carbon dioxide were emitted, this equated to about 8 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions. Steel and stainless steel however can and are recycled, depending on end use, an average of around 85% of steel is recycled, whilst over 99% of steel from scrap cars is recycled, though the process &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;does require &lt;/ins&gt;energy it is less that for virgin steel.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;As a compound, nickel also has a number of chemical uses; as a catalyst for hydrogenation, cathodes for rechargeable batteries, &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;pigments &lt;/del&gt;aswell &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;as being &lt;/del&gt;essential nutrient for some microorganisms and plants.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;As a compound, nickel also has a number of chemical uses; as a catalyst for hydrogenation, &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;in &lt;/ins&gt;cathodes for rechargeable batteries &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;(for which demand has also increased dramatically)&lt;/ins&gt;, aswell &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;also in pigments. It is also an &lt;/ins&gt;essential nutrient for some microorganisms and plants.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;= Related articles on Designing Buildings =&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;= Related articles on Designing Buildings =&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Editor</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/index.php?title=Nickel&amp;diff=231535&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Editor at 16:22, 23 May 2022</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/index.php?title=Nickel&amp;diff=231535&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2022-05-23T16:22:28Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;
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		&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 16:22, 23 May 2022&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 5:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 5:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Nickel coated stainless was invented in the early 1900's and was used as a cladding material in a number of high profile buildings in the 20's and 30's, such as, quite early, the Savoy hotel in London, then the Chrysler and Empire State Building in New York City in the 30's. The introduction of curtain walling as a modular construction method in the 50's continued to grow the demand for the use of nickel in stainless steels structural elements up to the Louvre pyramid in Paris, which continues right up to today.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Nickel coated stainless was invented in the early 1900's and was used as a cladding material in a number of high profile buildings in the 20's and 30's, such as, quite early, the Savoy hotel in London, then the Chrysler and Empire State Building in New York City in the 30's. The introduction of curtain walling as a modular construction method in the 50's continued to grow the demand for the use of nickel in stainless steels structural elements up to the Louvre pyramid in Paris, which continues right up to today.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;minus;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;For every ton of steel produced in 2018 an average of 1.85 tons of carbon dioxide were emitted, this equated to about 8 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions. Steel and stainless steel however can and are recycled, depending on end use, an average of around 85% of steel is recycled, whilst over 99% of steel from scrap cars is recycled.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;For every ton of steel produced in 2018 an average of 1.85 tons of carbon dioxide were emitted, this equated to about 8 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions. Steel and stainless steel however can and are recycled, depending on end use, an average of around 85% of steel is recycled, whilst over 99% of steel from scrap cars is recycled&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;, though the process requires energy it is less that for virgin steel&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;As a compound, nickel also has a number of chemical uses; as a catalyst for hydrogenation, cathodes for rechargeable batteries, pigments aswell as being essential nutrient for some microorganisms and plants.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;As a compound, nickel also has a number of chemical uses; as a catalyst for hydrogenation, cathodes for rechargeable batteries, pigments aswell as being essential nutrient for some microorganisms and plants.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Editor</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/index.php?title=Nickel&amp;diff=231534&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Editor: Created page with &quot;Nickel (Ni), is a chemical element and ferromagnetic metal of Group 10 (VIIIb) of the periodic table. It is silvery white, tough, and hard, it is extreemly resistant to oxidation...&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/index.php?title=Nickel&amp;diff=231534&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2022-05-23T16:21:28Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;Nickel (Ni), is a chemical element and ferromagnetic metal of Group 10 (VIIIb) of the periodic table. It is silvery white, tough, and hard, it is extreemly resistant to oxidation...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;Nickel (Ni), is a chemical element and ferromagnetic metal of Group 10 (VIIIb) of the periodic table. It is silvery white, tough, and hard, it is extreemly resistant to oxidation and corrosion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is a familiar because of its use in coins but is important as a pure metal and in alloys, in particular in the manufacture of stailess steel for which over half of the worlds nickel is used. It is also used for nickel and copper alloys, aswell as alloy steels, and in nickel plating of iron and brass, and in coating chemistry equipment with a shny metallic finish.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nickel coated stainless was invented in the early 1900's and was used as a cladding material in a number of high profile buildings in the 20's and 30's, such as, quite early, the Savoy hotel in London, then the Chrysler and Empire State Building in New York City in the 30's. The introduction of curtain walling as a modular construction method in the 50's continued to grow the demand for the use of nickel in stainless steels structural elements up to the Louvre pyramid in Paris, which continues right up to today.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For every ton of steel produced in 2018 an average of 1.85 tons of carbon dioxide were emitted, this equated to about 8 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions. Steel and stainless steel however can and are recycled, depending on end use, an average of around 85% of steel is recycled, whilst over 99% of steel from scrap cars is recycled.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As a compound, nickel also has a number of chemical uses; as a catalyst for hydrogenation, cathodes for rechargeable batteries, pigments aswell as being essential nutrient for some microorganisms and plants.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
= Related articles on Designing Buildings =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Architectural styles.&lt;br /&gt;
* Civil Engineering during the Industrial Revolution in Britain.&lt;br /&gt;
* Concrete-steel composite structures.&lt;br /&gt;
* Constructing steel buildings.&lt;br /&gt;
* Corrosion resistance.&lt;br /&gt;
* Eiffel Tower.&lt;br /&gt;
* Failure of metals.&lt;br /&gt;
* Galvanised steel.&lt;br /&gt;
* Metal fabrication.&lt;br /&gt;
* Plastic-coated steel pipes.&lt;br /&gt;
* Rebar.&lt;br /&gt;
* Reinforced concrete.&lt;br /&gt;
* Rust.&lt;br /&gt;
* Stainless steel.&lt;br /&gt;
* Stainless steel vs. galvanised steel.&lt;br /&gt;
* Stainless steel fabrication in building.&lt;br /&gt;
* Stainless steel in construction&lt;br /&gt;
* Steel framed rooflights.&lt;br /&gt;
* Structural steelwork.&lt;br /&gt;
* Super-strength steel structures.&lt;br /&gt;
* Sustainable materials.&lt;br /&gt;
* Tension.&lt;br /&gt;
* Types of metal.&lt;br /&gt;
* Types of steel.&lt;br /&gt;
* Weathering steel.&lt;br /&gt;
* What is causing the rise in steel prices?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Definitions]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Editor</name></author>	</entry>

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