Manhole cover - Revision history

Editor at 08:57, 27 July 2021

2021-07-27T08:57:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:57, 27 July 2021
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	* Private sewer.		* Private sewer.
	* Sewer construction.		* Sewer construction.
		+
		+	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:Definitions]] [[Category:Water]]

Designing Buildings at 06:57, 26 June 2021

2021-06-26T06:57:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:57, 26 June 2021
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	A manhole usually consists of a chamber or ring – a vertical circular pipe – of varying sizes and depths, which is used to access inspection points. The chamber is protected by a manhole cover (also referred to as a drain cover or the gender neutral term, maintenance hole cover) that is typically positioned away from the wheel line of traffic.		A manhole usually consists of a chamber or ring – a vertical circular pipe – of varying sizes and depths, which is used to access inspection points. The chamber is protected by a manhole cover (also referred to as a drain cover or the gender neutral term, maintenance hole cover) that is typically positioned away from the wheel line of traffic.

−	The cover acts as a removable plug to protect the manhole and prevent unauthorised access. They can also be marked to identify the services (and affiliated maintenance entities) associated with them.	+	The cover acts as a removable 'plug' to protect the manhole and prevent unauthorised access. They can also be marked to identify the services (and affiliated maintenance entities) associated with them.

	= Manhole cover details =		= Manhole cover details =
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	Evidence of manhole covers can be found as far back as ancient Rome. During this period, stone covers were used to cover limestone sewer grates.		Evidence of manhole covers can be found as far back as ancient Rome. During this period, stone covers were used to cover limestone sewer grates.

−	Modern manhole covers are ~~most often~~ circular, but they can also be rectangular, triangular or square. Generally, covers ~~must be bolted together~~ with manhole key holes free from debris ~~and ready for inspection~~.	+	Modern manhole covers are generally circular, but they can also be rectangular, triangular or square. Generally, covers fixed with manhole key holes, which must be free from debris.

−	Covers are typically made from metal or, less commonly, precast concrete, glass reinforced plastic or a composite ~~material~~. They are generally inexpensive to manufacture and are heavy enough to prevent unintended displacement (caused by traffic) or unauthorised removal (by thieves hoping to resell the scrap material for profit).	+	Covers are typically made from metal or, less commonly, precast concrete, glass reinforced plastic or other composite materials. They are generally inexpensive to manufacture and are heavy enough to prevent unintended displacement (caused by traffic) or unauthorised removal (by thieves hoping to resell the scrap material for profit).

	Most covers rest on a metal frame (or base) that has a smaller inset rim to fit the cover. This combination of cover and base is sometimes referred to as a casting.		Most covers rest on a metal frame (or base) that has a smaller inset rim to fit the cover. This combination of cover and base is sometimes referred to as a casting.
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	= Manhole cover sizes =		= Manhole cover sizes =

−	Sewers for Adoption specifies that all manhole covers must be Kitemarked and comply with BS EN124 with Class D400 covers ~~used~~ in ~~all~~ areas used by road vehicles. It is recommended that all covers subject to traffic loading have 150 mm deep cover and frames fitted.	+	Sewers for Adoption specifies that all manhole covers must be Kitemarked and comply with BS EN124 with Class D400 covers in areas used by road vehicles. It is recommended that all covers subject to traffic loading have 150 mm deep cover and frames fitted.

	The cover and frame may rest on a cover slab, which can be made from concrete. Cover slabs must be positioned in square alignment with step irons or ladders and provide a minimum 600 x 600 sq. mm unobstructed opening. The internal face of the cover slab must be plumb with the outer edge of the step irons.		The cover and frame may rest on a cover slab, which can be made from concrete. Cover slabs must be positioned in square alignment with step irons or ladders and provide a minimum 600 x 600 sq. mm unobstructed opening. The internal face of the cover slab must be plumb with the outer edge of the step irons.
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	* Coal holes, pavement lights, kerbs and utilities and wood-block paving.		* Coal holes, pavement lights, kerbs and utilities and wood-block paving.
		+	* Drains.
	* Highway drainage.		* Highway drainage.
	* Manhole.		* Manhole.
		+	* Pipework.
	* Private sewer.		* Private sewer.
	* Sewer construction.		* Sewer construction.

Editor at 15:59, 25 June 2021

2021-06-25T15:59:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:59, 25 June 2021
Line 38:		Line 38:
	* Highway drainage.		* Highway drainage.
	* Manhole.		* Manhole.
−	* Plumbing drawing.
	* Private sewer.		* Private sewer.
	* Sewer construction.		* Sewer construction.

Editor at 15:59, 25 June 2021

2021-06-25T15:59:12Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:59, 25 June 2021
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−	[[File:SquareManholeCover.jpg]]	+	[[File:SquareManholeCover.jpg\|link=File:SquareManholeCover.jpg]]

	= Introduction =		= Introduction =
Line 38:		Line 38:
	* Highway drainage.		* Highway drainage.
	* Manhole.		* Manhole.
−	* Pipelines.
	* Plumbing drawing.		* Plumbing drawing.
	* Private sewer.		* Private sewer.
	* Sewer construction.		* Sewer construction.

Editor: Created page with "File:SquareManholeCover.jpg = Introduction = A manhole, also known as an inspection chamber, provides access to underground utilities, most commonly sewer systems. This ena..."

2021-06-25T15:55:57Z

Created page with "File:SquareManholeCover.jpg = Introduction = A manhole, also known as an inspection chamber, provides access to underground utilities, most commonly sewer systems. This ena..."

New page

[[File:SquareManholeCover.jpg]]

= Introduction =

A manhole, also known as an inspection chamber, provides access to underground utilities, most commonly sewer systems. This enables operatives to undertake inspections, make modifications, and carry out cleaning and maintenance.

A manhole usually consists of a chamber or ring – a vertical circular pipe – of varying sizes and depths, which is used to access inspection points. The chamber is protected by a manhole cover (also referred to as a drain cover or the gender neutral term, maintenance hole cover) that is typically positioned away from the wheel line of traffic.

The cover acts as a removable plug to protect the manhole and prevent unauthorised access. They can also be marked to identify the services (and affiliated maintenance entities) associated with them.

= Manhole cover details =

Evidence of manhole covers can be found as far back as ancient Rome. During this period, stone covers were used to cover limestone sewer grates.

Modern manhole covers are most often circular, but they can also be rectangular, triangular or square. Generally, covers must be bolted together with manhole key holes free from debris and ready for inspection.

Covers are typically made from metal or, less commonly, precast concrete, glass reinforced plastic or a composite material. They are generally inexpensive to manufacture and are heavy enough to prevent unintended displacement (caused by traffic) or unauthorised removal (by thieves hoping to resell the scrap material for profit).

Most covers rest on a metal frame (or base) that has a smaller inset rim to fit the cover. This combination of cover and base is sometimes referred to as a casting.

= Manhole cover sizes =

Sewers for Adoption specifies that all manhole covers must be Kitemarked and comply with BS EN124 with Class D400 covers used in all areas used by road vehicles. It is recommended that all covers subject to traffic loading have 150 mm deep cover and frames fitted.

The cover and frame may rest on a cover slab, which can be made from concrete. Cover slabs must be positioned in square alignment with step irons or ladders and provide a minimum 600 x 600 sq. mm unobstructed opening. The internal face of the cover slab must be plumb with the outer edge of the step irons.

The size of manhole covers varies based on the dimensions of the opening. They commonly come in sizes from 300 mm x 300 mm to 1200 mm x 1200 mm (for square/rectangular covers) and 450 mm or 600 mm diameters for circular covers.

For 600 x 600 sq. mm openings on 1,050 mm diameter chamber rings and above, it is usual that a 600 x 750 mm cover slab is fitted, reduced to a 600 x 600 sq. mm opening by the use of an eccentric raising piece to suit the manhole cover and frame used. For 1,050 mm and 1,200 mm diameter rings less than 1.5 m deep to benching, 750 x 750 mm covers shall be fitted.

For 1,500 mm diameter rings less than 1.5 m deep to benching, 1,200 x 675 mm covers shall be fitted.

Cover slabs must not be cut to increase opening dimensions, as this will significantly weaken the cover slab.

= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =

* Coal holes, pavement lights, kerbs and utilities and wood-block paving.
* Highway drainage.
* Manhole.
* Pipelines.
* Plumbing drawing.
* Private sewer.
* Sewer construction.