Levelling applications - Revision history

Designing Buildings at 07:14, 8 February 2021

2021-02-08T07:14:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:14, 8 February 2021
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	BTEC National Construction Student Book - Pearson		BTEC National Construction Student Book - Pearson

−	[[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Design]]	+	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Design]]

Designing Buildings at 16:42, 23 March 2020

2020-03-23T16:42:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:42, 23 March 2020
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	* Closed traverse - Has the same start and endpoint.		* Closed traverse - Has the same start and endpoint.
	* Directional travers - Extends directional control only. This type of traverse can either be open or closed.		* Directional travers - Extends directional control only. This type of traverse can either be open or closed.
		+
		+	See also: Levelling in surveying.

	= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =		= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =

Designing Buildings at 16:41, 23 March 2020

2020-03-23T16:41:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:41, 23 March 2020
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	= Introduction =		= Introduction =

−	In surveying, levelling is a process of determining the height of one point (or level) relative to another. It is used in surveying to establish the elevation of a point relative to a datum or to establish a point at a given elevation relative to a datum. Several different surveying instruments can be used, all of which are loosely referred to as ‘levels’, for example, a spirit level.	+	In surveying, levelling is a process of determining the height of one point (or level) relative to another. It is used in surveying to establish the elevation of a point relative to a datum or to establish a point at a given elevation relative to a datum. Several different surveying instruments can be used for levelling, all of which are loosely referred to as ‘levels’, for example, a spirit level.

−	~~Various applications can be used in~~ levelling:	+	Different types of levelling include:

	* Fly levelling.		* Fly levelling.
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	= Fly levelling =		= Fly levelling =

−	Fly levelling is a quick way ~~to establish~~ a new temporary benchmark. The benchmark will help with the calculation of reduced levels. A temporary benchmark is usually used in smaller construction projects. In larger projects, levels will be linked to the Ordnance Survey Benchmarks. ~~The fly~~ levelling ~~application~~ is used for ~~the~~ transferring of levels and the only readings required is the backsight and foresight recordings. The intermediate sight readings are not used but the distance between readings should not exceed 50m. Fly levelling can be helpful when the benchmark is very far from the work station. In such a case, a temporary benchmark is located at the work station which is based on the original benchmark. It is not highly precise and is used for determining approximate levels only.	+	Fly levelling is a quick way of establishing a new temporary benchmark. The benchmark will help with the calculation of reduced levels. A temporary benchmark is usually used on smaller construction projects. On larger projects, levels will be linked to the Ordnance Survey Benchmarks.
		+
		+	Fly levelling is used for transferring levels and the only readings required are the backsight and foresight recordings. The intermediate sight readings are not used but the distance between readings should not exceed 50m. Fly levelling can be helpful when the benchmark is very far from the work station. In such a case, a temporary benchmark is located at the work station which is based on the original benchmark. It is not highly precise and is used for determining approximate levels only.

	= Whole circle bearings =		= Whole circle bearings =

−	~~The application of whole~~ circle bearings ~~is when~~ angles ~~are~~ measured in a clockwise direction from north to establish levels. In whole circle bearing, the value of the bearing will vary from 0° to 360°. The angle between the north line to the survey line must be measured to establish the whole circle bearing. Co-ordinates are used in the calculations for whole circle bearings. The seconds, minutes and degrees of known points are used and deducted from each other to calculate the unknown angles’ co-ordinates.	+	Whole circle bearings refer to angles measured in a clockwise direction from north to establish levels. In whole circle bearing, the value of the bearing will vary from 0° to 360°. The angle between the north line to the survey line must be measured to establish the whole circle bearing. Co-ordinates are used in the calculations for whole circle bearings. The seconds, minutes and degrees of known points are used and deducted from each other to calculate the unknown angles’ co-ordinates.

	= Traverse types =		= Traverse types =

−	Traverse levelling is the measure of the lengths and directions of a series of straight lines connecting a series of points. The straight lines are called traverse legs, and points are called a traverse station,	+	Traverse levelling is the measure of the lengths and directions of a series of straight lines connecting a series of points. The straight lines are called traverse legs, and points are called a traverse station.

	There are different types of traverse levelling applications:		There are different types of traverse levelling applications:

−	* Open traverse – Has a different start and endpoint. It begins at a point of known control and ends at a station whose relative position is known only by computations.	+	* Open traverse - Has a different start and endpoint. It begins at a point of known control and ends at a station whose relative position is known only by computations.
−	* Closed traverse – Has the same start and endpoint.	+	* Closed traverse - Has the same start and endpoint.
−	* Directional travers- ~~extends~~ directional control only. This type of traverse can either be open or closed.	+	* Directional travers - Extends directional control only. This type of traverse can either be open or closed.

	= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =		= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =

Editor2 at 17:06, 16 March 2020

2020-03-16T17:06:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:06, 16 March 2020
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	Various applications can be used in levelling:		Various applications can be used in levelling:

−	* Fly levelling	+	* Fly levelling.
−	* Whole circle bearing	+	* Whole circle bearing.
−	* Traverse types	+	* Traverse types.

	= Fly levelling =		= Fly levelling =

−	Fly levelling is a quick way to establish a new temporary benchmark. The benchmark will help with the calculation of reduced levels. A temporary benchmark is usually used in smaller construction projects. In larger projects, levels will be linked to the Ordnance Survey Benchmarks. The fly levelling application is used for the transferring of levels~~. The~~ only readings required ~~for fly levelling~~ is the backsight and foresight recordings ~~and the~~ intermediate sight readings are not used~~. In fly levelling,~~ the distance between readings should not exceed 50m. Fly levelling can be helpful when the benchmark is very far from the work station. In such a case, a temporary benchmark is located at the work station which is based on the original benchmark. It is not highly precise and is used for determining approximate levels only.	+	Fly levelling is a quick way to establish a new temporary benchmark. The benchmark will help with the calculation of reduced levels. A temporary benchmark is usually used in smaller construction projects. In larger projects, levels will be linked to the Ordnance Survey Benchmarks. The fly levelling application is used for the transferring of levels and the only readings required is the backsight and foresight recordings. The intermediate sight readings are not used but the distance between readings should not exceed 50m. Fly levelling can be helpful when the benchmark is very far from the work station. In such a case, a temporary benchmark is located at the work station which is based on the original benchmark. It is not highly precise and is used for determining approximate levels only.

	= Whole circle bearings =		= Whole circle bearings =

Editor2: Created page with "= Introduction = In surveying, levelling is a process of determining the height of one point (or level) relative to another. It is used in surveying to establish the elevation o..."

2020-03-16T10:59:41Z

Created page with "= Introduction = In surveying, levelling is a process of determining the height of one point (or level) relative to another. It is used in surveying to establish the elevation o..."

New page

= Introduction =

In surveying, levelling is a process of determining the height of one point (or level) relative to another. It is used in surveying to establish the elevation of a point relative to a datum or to establish a point at a given elevation relative to a datum. Several different surveying instruments can be used, all of which are loosely referred to as ‘levels’, for example, a spirit level.

Various applications can be used in levelling:

* Fly levelling
* Whole circle bearing
* Traverse types

= Fly levelling =

Fly levelling is a quick way to establish a new temporary benchmark. The benchmark will help with the calculation of reduced levels. A temporary benchmark is usually used in smaller construction projects. In larger projects, levels will be linked to the Ordnance Survey Benchmarks. The fly levelling application is used for the transferring of levels. The only readings required for fly levelling is the backsight and foresight recordings and the intermediate sight readings are not used. In fly levelling, the distance between readings should not exceed 50m. Fly levelling can be helpful when the benchmark is very far from the work station. In such a case, a temporary benchmark is located at the work station which is based on the original benchmark. It is not highly precise and is used for determining approximate levels only.

= Whole circle bearings =

The application of whole circle bearings is when angles are measured in a clockwise direction from north to establish levels. In whole circle bearing, the value of the bearing will vary from 0° to 360°. The angle between the north line to the survey line must be measured to establish the whole circle bearing. Co-ordinates are used in the calculations for whole circle bearings. The seconds, minutes and degrees of known points are used and deducted from each other to calculate the unknown angles’ co-ordinates.

= Traverse types =

Traverse levelling is the measure of the lengths and directions of a series of straight lines connecting a series of points. The straight lines are called traverse legs, and points are called a traverse station,

There are different types of traverse levelling applications:

* Open traverse – Has a different start and endpoint. It begins at a point of known control and ends at a station whose relative position is known only by computations.
* Closed traverse – Has the same start and endpoint.
* Directional travers- extends directional control only. This type of traverse can either be open or closed.

= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =

* Building survey.
* Condition survey.
* How to layout a building.
* Land surveying.
* Laser scanning.
* Level.
* Levelling in surveying.
* Measurement of existing buildings.
* Robotic total station.
* Site surveys.
* Surveying instruments.
* Surveyor.
* Verticality.

= External references =

BTEC National Construction Student Book - Pearson

[[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Design]]