Lead in construction - Revision history

Editor at 17:29, 21 January 2022

2022-01-21T17:29:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:29, 21 January 2022
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	Rolled lead sheet is available in a range of codes (generally codes 3-8 for construction) as defined in [http://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/?pid=000000000030150575 BS EN 12588:2006: Lead and lead alloys. Rolled lead sheet for building purposes]. The code relates to the thickness of the sheet; with code 3 being 1.33 mm thick and code 8 being 3.55 mm thick.		Rolled lead sheet is available in a range of codes (generally codes 3-8 for construction) as defined in [http://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/?pid=000000000030150575 BS EN 12588:2006: Lead and lead alloys. Rolled lead sheet for building purposes]. The code relates to the thickness of the sheet; with code 3 being 1.33 mm thick and code 8 being 3.55 mm thick.

−	= Related articles on Designing Buildings ~~Wiki~~ =	+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

	* Aluminium.		* Aluminium.
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	* Soldering.		* Soldering.
	* Spangle.		* Spangle.
		+	* Tin.
	* Types of roof.		* Types of roof.
	* Volatile organic compounds.		* Volatile organic compounds.

Editor at 19:12, 6 July 2021

2021-07-06T19:12:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:12, 6 July 2021
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	* Risk assessment.		* Risk assessment.
	* Soldering.		* Soldering.
		+	* Spangle.
	* Types of roof.		* Types of roof.
	* Volatile organic compounds.		* Volatile organic compounds.

Editor at 18:55, 17 February 2021

2021-02-17T18:55:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:55, 17 February 2021
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	* Paint.		* Paint.
	* Risk assessment.		* Risk assessment.
		+	* Soldering.
	* Types of roof.		* Types of roof.
	* Volatile organic compounds.		* Volatile organic compounds.

Designing Buildings at 06:30, 9 October 2020

2020-10-09T06:30:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:30, 9 October 2020
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	* HSE - [http://www.hse.gov.uk/construction/healthrisks/hazardous-substances/lead.htm Hazardous Substances: Lead]		* HSE - [http://www.hse.gov.uk/construction/healthrisks/hazardous-substances/lead.htm Hazardous Substances: Lead]

−	[[Category:~~History~~]] [[Category:~~Health_and_safety_/_CDM~~]] [[Category:~~Products_~~/~~_components~~]] [[Category:~~DCN_Product_Knowledge~~]]	+	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:History]] [[Category:Health_and_safety_/_CDM]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Editor at 18:57, 6 March 2019

2019-03-06T18:57:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:57, 6 March 2019
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	Rolled lead sheet is available in a range of codes (generally codes 3-8 for construction) as defined in [http://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/?pid=000000000030150575 BS EN 12588:2006: Lead and lead alloys. Rolled lead sheet for building purposes]. The code relates to the thickness of the sheet; with code 3 being 1.33 mm thick and code 8 being 3.55 mm thick.		Rolled lead sheet is available in a range of codes (generally codes 3-8 for construction) as defined in [http://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/?pid=000000000030150575 BS EN 12588:2006: Lead and lead alloys. Rolled lead sheet for building purposes]. The code relates to the thickness of the sheet; with code 3 being 1.33 mm thick and code 8 being 3.55 mm thick.

−	~~= Find out more =~~	+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =
−		+
−	=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===	+

	* Aluminium.		* Aluminium.
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	* Flashing.		* Flashing.
	* Hazardous substances.		* Hazardous substances.
		+	* Lead.
	* Paint.		* Paint.
	* Risk assessment.		* Risk assessment.
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	* Volatile organic compounds.		* Volatile organic compounds.

−	=== External resources ===	+	= External resources =

	* HSE - [http://www.hse.gov.uk/construction/healthrisks/hazardous-substances/lead.htm Hazardous Substances: Lead]		* HSE - [http://www.hse.gov.uk/construction/healthrisks/hazardous-substances/lead.htm Hazardous Substances: Lead]

−	[[Category:History]] [[Category:Health_and_safety_/_CDM]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]	+	[[Category:History]] [[Category:Health_and_safety_/_CDM]] [[Category:Products_/_components]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]]

Editor at 12:12, 7 June 2017

2017-06-07T12:12:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:12, 7 June 2017
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	=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===		=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===

		+	* Aluminium.
	* Asbestos.		* Asbestos.
	* Construction dust.		* Construction dust.

Designing Buildings at 06:04, 21 April 2017

2017-04-21T06:04:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:04, 21 April 2017
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	* Wash hands and forearms thoroughly after working with lead.		* Wash hands and forearms thoroughly after working with lead.
	* Avoid hand-mouth/eye contact when in contaminated areas.		* Avoid hand-mouth/eye contact when in contaminated areas.
		+
		+	= Types of lead =
		+
		+	Lead is typically available as as:
		+
		+	* Rolled lead sheet.
		+	* Machine cast lead.
		+	* Sand cast lead.
		+
		+	Rolled lead sheet is available in a range of codes (generally codes 3-8 for construction) as defined in [http://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/?pid=000000000030150575 BS EN 12588:2006: Lead and lead alloys. Rolled lead sheet for building purposes]. The code relates to the thickness of the sheet; with code 3 being 1.33 mm thick and code 8 being 3.55 mm thick.

	= Find out more =		= Find out more =

Designing Buildings at 05:57, 21 April 2017

2017-04-21T05:57:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:57, 21 April 2017
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	* Stripping of old lead paint.		* Stripping of old lead paint.
	* Hot cutting in demolition and dismantling operations.		* Hot cutting in demolition and dismantling operations.
−	* Scrap-processing ~~activities~~.	+	* Scrap-processing.
−	* ~~Working with lead of roofs~~.	+	* Lead roofing.
	* Lead smelting, refining, alloying and casting.		* Lead smelting, refining, alloying and casting.
	* Manufacturing leaded glass.		* Manufacturing leaded glass.
−	* Recycling ~~of any~~ lead-containing materials.	+	* Recycling lead-containing materials.

	Some prevention and safety techniques that can be employed when working with lead include:		Some prevention and safety techniques that can be employed when working with lead include:
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	* Leaving lead paint in place if it is in good condition and/or covered by non-leaded paint.		* Leaving lead paint in place if it is in good condition and/or covered by non-leaded paint.
	* Using cold/mechanical cutting instead of hot cutting.		* Using cold/mechanical cutting instead of hot cutting.
−	* ~~Use~~ lower temperatures ~~and don’t use~~ blow-lamps or gas torches ~~to over-heat leaded paint~~.	+	* Using lower temperatures without blow-lamps or gas torches.
−	* Use ~~safer equipment such as~~ chemical paint ~~stripper~~, wet abrasive paper and ~~scraper,~~ infrared equipment.	+	* Use chemical paint strippers, wet abrasive paper, scrapers and infrared equipment.
−	* Wear appropriate respiratory protective equipment ~~and~~ disposable coveralls and gloves.	+	* Wear appropriate respiratory protective equipment, disposable coveralls and gloves.
−	* Prevent spread of dust or fumes with plastic sheeting.	+	* Prevent the spread of dust or fumes with plastic sheeting.
−	* ~~Thoroughly wash~~ and clean surfaces which may have been exposed to dust or fumes.	+	* Wash and clean surfaces which may have been exposed to dust or fumes.
	* Dispose of contaminated waste safely.		* Dispose of contaminated waste safely.
	* Wash hands and forearms thoroughly after working with lead.		* Wash hands and forearms thoroughly after working with lead.

Designing Buildings at 05:54, 21 April 2017

2017-04-21T05:54:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:54, 21 April 2017
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	= Construction applications =		= Construction applications =

−	Lead ~~has been used for construction purposes for many centuries. It~~ was used for making water pipes in the Roman Empire, and its production grew throughout South and East Asia, especially in China and India.	+	Lead was used for making water pipes in the Roman Empire, and its production subsequently grew throughout South and East Asia, especially in China and India. Across Europe, lead production began to revive in the 11th and 12th centuries, where it was used for roofing and plumbing. From the 13th century, lead was used to create stained glass. More recently, lead and lead compounds were used for roofs, cornices, tank linings, electrical conduits, cladding, flashing, gutters, and parapets.

−	~~Across Europe, lead production began to revive in the 11th and 12th centuries, and was used for roofing and plumbing applications. From the 13th century, lead was used to create stained glass.~~	+	Lead was incorporated into soft solder, an alloy of lead and tin, and used for soldering tinplate and copper pipe joints. Lead-based paint inhibits the rusting and corrosion of iron and steel, and continues to be used on steel structures such as bridges, railways, lighthouses, and so on.
−		+
−	Lead and lead compounds were frequently used for roofs, cornices, tank linings and electrical conduits. Lead sheets were used as architectural metals in roofing material, cladding, flashing, gutters, gutter joints and roof parapets.	+
−		+
−	~~In plumbing, lead~~ was incorporated into soft solder, an alloy of lead and tin, and used for soldering tinplate and copper pipe joints. ~~Due to lead~~-based paint ~~inhibiting~~ the rusting and corrosion of iron and steel, it continues to be used on steel structures such as bridges, railways, lighthouses, and so on.	+

	[[File:Lead_roof.JPG\|link=File:Lead_roof.JPG]]		[[File:Lead_roof.JPG\|link=File:Lead_roof.JPG]]
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	= Health risks =		= Health risks =

−	Lead dust, ~~fume~~ or vapour can be created when lead and items containing lead are processed, worked or recovered from scrap/waste. The body absorbs lead when it is inhaled or swallowed, but generally not through the skin. ~~Any lead~~ that is absorbed circulates in the blood and ~~some in the~~ bones where it can be stored for many years without ill health developing.	+	Lead dust, fumes or vapour can be created when lead and items containing lead are processed, worked or recovered from scrap/waste. The body absorbs lead when it is inhaled or swallowed, but generally not through the skin. Lead that is absorbed circulates in the blood and bones where it can be stored for many years without ill health developing.

−	~~If the~~ lead content ~~of the body is too high, the following health problems~~ can ~~develop~~:	+	However, high lead content can cause:

	* Headaches.		* Headaches.

Designing Buildings at 05:49, 21 April 2017

2017-04-21T05:49:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:49, 21 April 2017
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	= What is lead? =		= What is lead? =

−	Lead is an element that is naturally occurring ~~and found~~ throughout the environment. It is a soft, malleable ~~and~~ heavy metal, with a density that exceeds that of most common materials.	+	Lead is an element that is naturally occurring throughout the environment. It is a soft, malleable, heavy metal, with a density that exceeds that of most common materials. It has a number of properties that have made it a useful construction material for hundreds of years:

−	~~There are several properties of lead that make it a useful material, and one that has been employed for construction purposes for hundreds of years. As well as its high~~ density~~, lead has a low~~ melting point~~, good ductility, a relative inertness~~ to oxidation~~, and is an abundant material that can be easily mined~~.	+	* High density.
		+	* Low melting point.
		+	* Ductility.
		+	* Resistance to oxidation.
		+	* Abundance.
		+	* Ease of extraction.

−	However, ~~exposure to lead was discovered to be poisonous~~ in the late-19th century and has been ~~largely phased out~~ since then. ~~Serious~~ health problems such as kidney disease, anaemia and ~~cancers can result from exposure~~.	+	However, in the late-19th century it was discovered that lead is poisonous, and its use has been less widespread since then. Exposure can result in serious health problems such as kidney disease, anaemia and cancer.

	= Construction applications =		= Construction applications =