Jacobean architecture - Revision history

Editor at 13:28, 20 December 2021

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	Jones remained in his royal role when Charles I came to power in 1625. During this period (which actually marked the start of the Carolean period), his style continued to dominate architecture, until the Civil War (1643), when he was forced to give up his royal position and punished for his association with the Stuart kings. He was later pardoned and returned to the profession as an influential person. Elements of his style - along with other Jacobean characteristics - continued to appear in architecture into the middle of the 1600s.		Jones remained in his royal role when Charles I came to power in 1625. During this period (which actually marked the start of the Carolean period), his style continued to dominate architecture, until the Civil War (1643), when he was forced to give up his royal position and punished for his association with the Stuart kings. He was later pardoned and returned to the profession as an influential person. Elements of his style - along with other Jacobean characteristics - continued to appear in architecture into the middle of the 1600s.
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		+	--[[User:Heidi_Schwartz\|Heidi Schwartz]]

	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =		= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

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	The Banqueting House on Whitehall (1619 - 1622).		The Banqueting House on Whitehall (1619 - 1622).
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	The Banqueting House on Whitehall (1619 - 1622).		The Banqueting House on Whitehall (1619 - 1622).
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	The Banqueting House on Whitehall (1619 - 1622).		The Banqueting House on Whitehall (1619 - 1622).
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−	The two masterpieces of Inigo Jones.	+	The two surviving masterpieces of Inigo Jones.

	[[File:Stuart.CaroleanI.jpg\|link=File:Stuart.CaroleanI.jpg]]		[[File:Stuart.CaroleanI.jpg\|link=File:Stuart.CaroleanI.jpg]]
−	\|width="50%"\| [[File:Banquetinghouse.jpg\|link=File:Banquetinghouse.jpg]]	+
		+	The Queen's Chapel in Greenwich (1619 - 1635).
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		+	[[File:Banquetinghouse.jpg\|link=File:Banquetinghouse.jpg]]
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		+	The Banqueting House on Whitehall (1619 - 1622).
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−	\| ~~The Queen's Chapel in Greenwich (1619 - 1635).~~	+	\|
−	\| ~~The Banqueting House on Whitehall (1619 - 1622).~~	+
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−	\|width="50%"\| [[File:Stuart.CaroleanI.jpg\|link=File:Stuart.CaroleanI.jpg]]	+	\|width="50%"\|
		+	The two masterpieces of Inigo Jones.
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		+	[[File:Stuart.CaroleanI.jpg\|link=File:Stuart.CaroleanI.jpg]]
	\|width="50%"\| [[File:Banquetinghouse.jpg\|link=File:Banquetinghouse.jpg]]		\|width="50%"\| [[File:Banquetinghouse.jpg\|link=File:Banquetinghouse.jpg]]
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−	~~The two masterpieces of Inigo Jones.~~	+
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−	[[File:Stuart.CaroleanI.jpg\|link=File:Stuart.CaroleanI.jpg]]	+
	\|width="50%"\| [[File:Banquetinghouse.jpg\|link=File:Banquetinghouse.jpg]]		\|width="50%"\| [[File:Banquetinghouse.jpg\|link=File:Banquetinghouse.jpg]]
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Designing Buildings at 07:57, 10 December 2021

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Designing Buildings at 07:51, 10 December 2021

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−	Jones remained in his royal role when Charles I came to power in 1625. During this period, his style continued to dominate architecture up until the Civil War (1643), when he was forced to give up his royal position and punished for his association with the Stuart kings. He was later pardoned and returned to the profession as an ongoing influential factor. Elements of his style - along with other Jacobean characteristics - continued to appear in architecture into the middle of the 1600s.	+	Jones remained in his royal role when Charles I came to power in 1625. During this period (which actually marked the start of the Carolean period), his style continued to dominate architecture up until the Civil War (1643), when he was forced to give up his royal position and punished for his association with the Stuart kings. He was later pardoned and returned to the profession as an ongoing influential factor. Elements of his style - along with other Jacobean characteristics - continued to appear in architecture into the middle of the 1600s.

	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =		= Related articles on Designing Buildings =
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	* Neoclassical architecture.		* Neoclassical architecture.
	* Palladian architecture.		* Palladian architecture.
		+	* Strapwork.
	* Stuart architecture.		* Stuart architecture.

	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:Definitions]] [[Category:History]] [[Category:Design]]		[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:Definitions]] [[Category:History]] [[Category:Design]]

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	= Inigo Jones and the English classical tradition =		= Inigo Jones and the English classical tradition =

−	The most noteworthy architect of the Jacobean period was Inigo Jones, who ~~in 1610~~ was appointed as surveyor of works to the heir to the throne, Henry, prince of Wales. After the prince’s death in 1612, Jones ~~eventually~~ succeeded Simon Basil as the king’s surveyor of works in 1615.	+	The most noteworthy architect of the Jacobean period was Inigo Jones, who was appointed surveyor of works to the heir to the throne, Henry, prince of Wales in 1610. After the prince’s death in 1612, Jones succeeded Simon Basil as the king’s surveyor of works in 1615.

	Influenced by the designs of the Venetian architect Andrea Palladio, Jones introduced the style of Palladian architecture to England after a trip he made to Italy in 1613 - 1614. It was during this trip that he picked up inspiration from the Renaissance architecture expressed in the works of Palladio.		Influenced by the designs of the Venetian architect Andrea Palladio, Jones introduced the style of Palladian architecture to England after a trip he made to Italy in 1613 - 1614. It was during this trip that he picked up inspiration from the Renaissance architecture expressed in the works of Palladio.

−	Palladian designs were based on the symmetry and perspective of classical architecture, particularly the temples of the Ancient Greeks and Romans. It was characterised by proportions ~~based on~~ mathematics ~~rather than ornament~~ and ~~its~~ classical facades.	+	Palladian designs were based on the symmetry and perspective of classical architecture, particularly the temples of the Ancient Greeks and Romans. It was characterised by proportions of mathematics and classical facades rather than ornament.

−	Some of the defining features of Palladianism ~~include~~:	+	Some of the defining features of Palladianism included:

	* Corinthian columns.		* Corinthian columns.
	* Decorative motifs such as masked faces and scallop shells.		* Decorative motifs such as masked faces and scallop shells.
−	* Pediments ~~used~~ over doors and windows, both external and internal.	+	* Pediments over doors and windows, both external and internal.
	* Terms – free-standing stones representing the head and upper torso of the Roman god Terminus, on top of a pillar.		* Terms – free-standing stones representing the head and upper torso of the Roman god Terminus, on top of a pillar.

	See also: Palladian architecture.		See also: Palladian architecture.

−	~~There are two surviving~~ examples of Jones’ ~~outstanding~~ neoclassical projects. The ~~first is the~~ Queen’s Chapel at St James Palace in Greenwich. This project began in 1616 and halted in 1619 following the death of Queen Anne. It was eventually completed in 1635 for Queen Henrietta Maria. The ~~second is his~~ Banqueting House on Whitehall (~~begun~~ in 1619 and completed in 1622). This Palladian-style building is considered to be his greatest work.	+	Surviving examples of Jones’ neoclassical projects include:
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		+	* The Queen’s Chapel at St James Palace in Greenwich. This project began in 1616 and halted in 1619 following the death of Queen Anne. It was eventually completed in 1635 for Queen Henrietta Maria.
		+	* The Banqueting House on Whitehall (started in 1619 and completed in 1622). This Palladian-style building is considered to be his greatest work.

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−	Jones remained in his royal role when Charles I came to power in 1625. During this period (which actually marked the start of the Carolean period), his style continued to dominate architecture up until the Civil War (1643), when he was forced to give up his royal position and punished for his association with the Stuart kings. He was later pardoned and returned to the profession as an ~~ongoing~~ influential ~~factor~~. Elements of his style - along with other Jacobean characteristics - continued to appear in architecture into the middle of the 1600s.	+	Jones remained in his royal role when Charles I came to power in 1625. During this period (which actually marked the start of the Carolean period), his style continued to dominate architecture, until the Civil War (1643), when he was forced to give up his royal position and punished for his association with the Stuart kings. He was later pardoned and returned to the profession as an influential person. Elements of his style - along with other Jacobean characteristics - continued to appear in architecture into the middle of the 1600s.

	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =		= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

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	[[File:HatfieldHouse.jpg\|link=File:HatfieldHouse.jpg]]		[[File:HatfieldHouse.jpg\|link=File:HatfieldHouse.jpg]]

−	Hatfield House is a red brick country house ~~that is~~ considered a prime example of Jacobean architecture. Built in 1611 by Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, it is a Grade I listed building located north of London.	+	Hatfield House is a red brick country house considered a prime example of Jacobean architecture. Built in 1611 by Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, it is a Grade I listed building located north of London.
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	= Introduction =		= Introduction =

−	Jacobean architecture is ~~the~~ style ~~of British architecture~~ associated with King James VI of Scotland who later ruled as James I over the unified kingdoms of England and Ireland (as well as Scotland) from 1603 to 1625. Jacobean architecture is an early form of the Stuart architectural style which continued to evolve throughout the reign of the British House of Stuart.	+	Jacobean architecture is a style associated with King James VI of Scotland who later ruled as James I over the unified kingdoms of England and Ireland (as well as Scotland) from 1603 to 1625. Jacobean architecture is an early form of the Stuart architectural style which continued to evolve throughout the reign of the British House of Stuart. Some historians refer to the Stuart era as the golden age of British architecture. This period ended in 1714 with the death of the last Stuart ruler, Queen Anne.
−		+
−	Some historians refer to the Stuart era as the golden age of British architecture. This period ended in 1714 with the death of the last Stuart ruler, Queen Anne.	+

	= The transition from Elizabethan to Jacobean =		= The transition from Elizabethan to Jacobean =

−	Influences of the preceding Elizabethan architectural style (named ~~for~~ Queen Elizabeth I) dominated early Jacobean architecture. Common features in both styles included classical, symmetric Italian and French style ornamentation (introduced during the English Renaissance) as well as gabled facades and decorative motifs such as strapwork carvings - looking almost like cut leather - from the Netherlands.	+	Influences of the preceding Elizabethan architectural style (named after Queen Elizabeth I) dominated early Jacobean architecture. Common features in both styles included classical, symmetric Italian and French style ornamentation (introduced during the English Renaissance) as well as gabled facades and decorative motifs such as strapwork carvings - looking almost like cut leather - from the Netherlands.

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−	Another shared characteristic was large windows with mullions and transoms~~. This trait would be included~~ in ~~the later phase of the Jacobean architecture~~.	+	Another shared characteristic was large windows with mullions and transoms (which in some cases grew so large as to dominate entire walls).

−	~~Aside from the windows (which in some cases grew so large as to dominate entire walls) and the gables, the~~ Jacobean style gradually began to set itself apart from the Elizabethan style. This was initially apparent in the construction of large houses. These stately buildings were often designed in the shape of an E or H and excluded internal courtyards. Some ~~homes even~~ included increasingly extravagant decorations of wood and plaster ~~that would have typically been found in church furnishings~~.	+	The Jacobean style gradually began to set itself apart from the Elizabethan style. This was initially apparent in the construction of large houses. These stately buildings were often designed in the shape of an E or H and excluded internal courtyards. Some houses included increasingly extravagant decorations of wood and plaster.

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−	This style of rich decoration gradually ~~did make~~ its way into church furnishings, where wooden Jacobean pulpits began to replace the stone pulpits that were common in earlier periods. Renaissance decorative motifs as well as strapwork were sometimes incorporated into these pulpits, which may have been topped by a tester (or sounding board) adorned with small pendants.	+	This style of rich decoration gradually made its way into church furnishings, where wooden Jacobean pulpits began to replace the stone pulpits that were common in earlier periods. Renaissance decorative motifs as well as strapwork were sometimes incorporated into these pulpits, which may have been topped by a tester (or sounding board) adorned with small pendants.

	= Inigo Jones and the English classical tradition =		= Inigo Jones and the English classical tradition =