Italian rationalism - Revision history

Editor at 14:10, 7 September 2020

2020-09-07T14:10:49Z

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	= Introduction =		= Introduction =

−	Italian rationalism (Architettura razionale or rational architecture) is an architectural style inspired by the scale, structure and symmetry of ancient Roman architecture but ~~omitting~~ the ornamental flourishes associated with the styles of classicism and neoclassicism.	+	Italian rationalism (Architettura razionale or rational architecture) is an architectural style inspired by the scale, structure and symmetry of ancient Roman architecture but without the ornamental flourishes associated with the styles of classicism and neoclassicism.

	= History =		= History =

Editor at 14:08, 7 September 2020

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	However, the intervention of the Second World War meant that the fair did not happen, and construction was not completed in the 1960s (during the neo-rationalist revival known as La Tendenza). What exists is a collection of practical buildings in Rome’s business quarter. One room of the Palazzo degli Uffici was constructed using reinforced concrete and fitted with metal doors, creating a bomb shelter - perhaps for Mussolini.		However, the intervention of the Second World War meant that the fair did not happen, and construction was not completed in the 1960s (during the neo-rationalist revival known as La Tendenza). What exists is a collection of practical buildings in Rome’s business quarter. One room of the Palazzo degli Uffici was constructed using reinforced concrete and fitted with metal doors, creating a bomb shelter - perhaps for Mussolini.
		+
		+	--[[User:Heidi_Schwartz\|Heidi Schwartz]]

	[[File:MonteAmiata.jpg\|link=File:MonteAmiata.jpg]]		[[File:MonteAmiata.jpg\|link=File:MonteAmiata.jpg]]

Designing Buildings at 07:24, 7 September 2020

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−	In 1928, work began on the Palazzo Gualino. Considered one of the first examples of rationalist architecture~~, this building was designed~~ by Gino Levi-Montalcini and Giuseppe Pagano~~. It~~ has been hailed as a symbol of rationalist culture in Italy.	+	In 1928, work began on the Palazzo Gualino. Considered one of the first examples of rationalist architecture. Designed by Gino Levi-Montalcini and Giuseppe Pagano, it has been hailed as a symbol of rationalist culture in Italy.

−	With its flat roof, the Palazzo Gualino stands ~~out~~ from other buildings in Turin. The rationalist design has a symmetrical facade and combines modern and classical characteristics~~. It is both simplistic and functional, with attention to the technical requirements of the building occupants~~.	+	With its flat roof, the Palazzo Gualino stands apart from other buildings in Turin. The rationalist design is both simplistic and functional. It has a symmetrical facade and combines modern and classical characteristics.

	= Esposizione Universale Roma =		= Esposizione Universale Roma =

−	~~Work for~~ the Gruppo 7 ~~increased~~ from 1926 to 1931, ~~resulting in additional projects~~ including ~~those requested by~~ the government of Benito Mussolini. Planning ~~began in 1932 on~~ the University of Rome, but it was a larger project, Esposizione Universale Roma (EUR) - or World’s Fair of Rome - that became the hallmark of the rationalists.	+	The work of the Gruppo 7 accelerated from 1926 to 1931, including projects for the government of Benito Mussolini. Planning for the University of Rome began in 1932, but it was a larger project, Esposizione Universale Roma (EUR) - or World’s Fair of Rome - that became the hallmark of the rationalists.

	[[File:UniversityOfRome.jpg\|link=File:UniversityOfRome.jpg]]		[[File:UniversityOfRome.jpg\|link=File:UniversityOfRome.jpg]]
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−	Set in an urban quarter in the southern part of Rome, the EUR project is sometimes seen as Mussolini’s attempt to project his political ideology on the people of Italy through the creation of an idealised city that emulated the strength and order of ancient Rome without its ornamentation. Planning for the project began in 1936, with the idea that Rome would host the World’s Fair of 1942 along with a celebration of two decades of Mussolini’s leadership ~~of Italy~~.	+	Set in an urban quarter in the southern part of Rome, the EUR project is sometimes seen as Mussolini’s attempt to project his political ideology on the people of Italy through the creation of an idealised city that emulated the strength and order of ancient Rome without its ornamentation. Planning for the project began in 1936, with the idea that Rome would host the World’s Fair of 1942 along with a celebration of two decades of Mussolini’s leadership.

	[[File:Overviewof_EUR.jpg\|link=File:Overviewof_EUR.jpg]]		[[File:Overviewof_EUR.jpg\|link=File:Overviewof_EUR.jpg]]
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−	~~Due to~~ the Second World War, the fair ~~never happened~~ and construction was ~~halted until it was~~ completed in the 1960s (during the neo-rationalist revival known as La Tendenza). What exists is a collection of practical buildings ~~(one~~ room of the Palazzo degli Uffici was constructed of reinforced concrete and fitted with metal doors, creating a bomb shelter - perhaps for Mussolini~~) that has been incorporated into Rome’s business quarter~~.	+	However, the intervention of the Second World War meant that the fair did not happen, and construction was not completed in the 1960s (during the neo-rationalist revival known as La Tendenza). What exists is a collection of practical buildings in Rome’s business quarter. One room of the Palazzo degli Uffici was constructed using reinforced concrete and fitted with metal doors, creating a bomb shelter - perhaps for Mussolini.

	[[File:MonteAmiata.jpg\|link=File:MonteAmiata.jpg]]		[[File:MonteAmiata.jpg\|link=File:MonteAmiata.jpg]]

Designing Buildings at 07:18, 7 September 2020

2020-09-07T07:18:00Z

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	= Introduction =		= Introduction =

−	Italian rationalism (Architettura razionale or rational architecture) is an architectural style ~~that is~~ inspired by the scale, structure and symmetry of ancient Roman architecture but ~~lacks~~ the ornamental flourishes associated with the styles of classicism and neoclassicism.	+	Italian rationalism (Architettura razionale or rational architecture) is an architectural style inspired by the scale, structure and symmetry of ancient Roman architecture but omitting the ornamental flourishes associated with the styles of classicism and neoclassicism.

	= History =		= History =
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	In the early-20th century, Italian architects were searching for a modernist language and identity. Some, constrained by the fascist government of the time, responded by embracing futurism, with its long horizontal lines and streamlined forms that inspired visions of speed, dynamism and urgency.		In the early-20th century, Italian architects were searching for a modernist language and identity. Some, constrained by the fascist government of the time, responded by embracing futurism, with its long horizontal lines and streamlined forms that inspired visions of speed, dynamism and urgency.

−	Others sought to find a middle ground between classicism and industrially inspired architecture. They embraced the fascist movement, which produced a very different style of large scale, somewhat intimidating public buildings. These architects revisited Roman elements and made modern adaptations (~~while~~ sometimes borrowing innovative techniques from the Bauhaus movement) to ~~result in~~ buildings ~~that are~~ associated with Italian fascist architecture.	+	Others sought to find a middle ground between classicism and industrially inspired architecture. They embraced the fascist movement, which produced a very different style of large scale, somewhat intimidating public buildings. These architects revisited Roman elements and made modern adaptations (sometimes borrowing innovative techniques from the Bauhaus movement) to create buildings now associated with Italian fascist architecture.

	= Defining characteristics =		= Defining characteristics =

−	The rationalist architecture movement flourished from the 1920s to the 1940s. The ideology was embraced in 1926 by a group of architects referred to as Gruppo 7. These young professionals (Luigi Figini, Guido Frette, Sebastiano Larco, Adalberto Libera, Gino Pollini, Carlo Enrico Rava and Giuseppe Terragni) set out to produce logical buildings - elegant in an understated way - that ~~illustrated~~ a balance between the excesses of neoclassicism and the sterility and destruction of futurism.	+	The rationalist architecture movement flourished from the 1920s to the 1940s. The ideology was embraced in 1926 by a group of architects referred to as Gruppo 7. These young professionals (Luigi Figini, Guido Frette, Sebastiano Larco, Adalberto Libera, Gino Pollini, Carlo Enrico Rava and Giuseppe Terragni) set out to produce logical buildings - elegant in an understated way - that sought a balance between the excesses of neoclassicism and the sterility and destruction of futurism.

−	Gruppo 7 ~~also set out to distance~~ itself from ~~the~~ other form of Italian fascist architecture created by ~~those in~~ the novecento movement. Gruppo 7's members felt the work of the novecento movement did not produce anything truly new in an ideological sense; it was nothing more than classical reproductions used by the state's propaganda department.	+	Gruppo 7 distanced itself from an other form of Italian fascist architecture created by the novecento movement. Gruppo 7's members felt the work of the novecento movement did not produce anything truly new in an ideological sense; it was nothing more than classical reproductions used by the state's propaganda department.

−	Gruppo 7's manifesto included a call for architecture with sincerity, logic and order ~~and echoed~~ the ideas of Le Corbusier~~'s establishment of a new spirit in Europe. In addition to a sense of order~~, ~~the rationalists~~ expressed ~~a concern for~~ rhythm and classical proportions ~~combined with~~ a tribute to history ~~in its ideological acknowledgement~~.	+	Gruppo 7's manifesto included a call for architecture with sincerity, logic and order, echoing the ideas of Le Corbusier, but they also expressed rhythm and classical proportions in a tribute to history.

	[[File:PalazzoGualino.jpg\|link=File:PalazzoGualino.jpg]]		[[File:PalazzoGualino.jpg\|link=File:PalazzoGualino.jpg]]

Editor at 09:51, 4 September 2020

2020-09-04T09:51:16Z

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	The rationalist architecture movement flourished from the 1920s to the 1940s. The ideology was embraced in 1926 by a group of architects referred to as Gruppo 7. These young professionals (Luigi Figini, Guido Frette, Sebastiano Larco, Adalberto Libera, Gino Pollini, Carlo Enrico Rava and Giuseppe Terragni) set out to produce logical buildings - elegant in an understated way - that illustrated a balance between the excesses of neoclassicism and the sterility and destruction of futurism.		The rationalist architecture movement flourished from the 1920s to the 1940s. The ideology was embraced in 1926 by a group of architects referred to as Gruppo 7. These young professionals (Luigi Figini, Guido Frette, Sebastiano Larco, Adalberto Libera, Gino Pollini, Carlo Enrico Rava and Giuseppe Terragni) set out to produce logical buildings - elegant in an understated way - that illustrated a balance between the excesses of neoclassicism and the sterility and destruction of futurism.

−	Gruppo 7 also set out to distance itself from the other Italian fascist ~~architects (such as Giovanni Muzio)~~ in the novecento movement. Gruppo 7 felt ~~this~~ work was nothing more than ~~bland,~~ classical reproductions used ~~in conjunction with~~ the state's propaganda department.	+	Gruppo 7 also set out to distance itself from the other form of Italian fascist architecture created by those in the novecento movement. Gruppo 7's members felt the work of the novecento movement did not produce anything truly new in an ideological sense; it was nothing more than classical reproductions used by the state's propaganda department.

	Gruppo 7's manifesto included a call for architecture with sincerity, logic and order and echoed the ideas of Le Corbusier's establishment of a new spirit in Europe. In addition to a sense of order, the rationalists expressed a concern for rhythm and classical proportions combined with a tribute to history in its ideological acknowledgement.		Gruppo 7's manifesto included a call for architecture with sincerity, logic and order and echoed the ideas of Le Corbusier's establishment of a new spirit in Europe. In addition to a sense of order, the rationalists expressed a concern for rhythm and classical proportions combined with a tribute to history in its ideological acknowledgement.

Editor at 09:46, 4 September 2020

2020-09-04T09:46:32Z

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	The rationalist architecture movement flourished from the 1920s to the 1940s. The ideology was embraced in 1926 by a group of architects referred to as Gruppo 7. These young professionals (Luigi Figini, Guido Frette, Sebastiano Larco, Adalberto Libera, Gino Pollini, Carlo Enrico Rava and Giuseppe Terragni) set out to produce logical buildings - elegant in an understated way - that illustrated a balance between the excesses of neoclassicism and the sterility and destruction of futurism.		The rationalist architecture movement flourished from the 1920s to the 1940s. The ideology was embraced in 1926 by a group of architects referred to as Gruppo 7. These young professionals (Luigi Figini, Guido Frette, Sebastiano Larco, Adalberto Libera, Gino Pollini, Carlo Enrico Rava and Giuseppe Terragni) set out to produce logical buildings - elegant in an understated way - that illustrated a balance between the excesses of neoclassicism and the sterility and destruction of futurism.

−	Gruppo 7 also set out to distance itself from the ~~novecento~~ architects (such as Giovanni Muzio) ~~who produced~~ bland, classical reproductions. ~~Their~~ manifesto included a call for architecture with sincerity, logic and order and echoed the ideas of Le Corbusier's establishment of a new spirit in Europe. In addition to a sense of order, the rationalists expressed a concern for rhythm and classical proportions combined with a tribute to history in its ideological acknowledgement.	+	Gruppo 7 also set out to distance itself from the other Italian fascist architects (such as Giovanni Muzio) in the novecento movement. Gruppo 7 felt this work was nothing more than bland, classical reproductions used in conjunction with the state's propaganda department.
		+
		+	Gruppo 7's manifesto included a call for architecture with sincerity, logic and order and echoed the ideas of Le Corbusier's establishment of a new spirit in Europe. In addition to a sense of order, the rationalists expressed a concern for rhythm and classical proportions combined with a tribute to history in its ideological acknowledgement.

	[[File:PalazzoGualino.jpg\|link=File:PalazzoGualino.jpg]]		[[File:PalazzoGualino.jpg\|link=File:PalazzoGualino.jpg]]

Editor at 09:40, 4 September 2020

2020-09-04T09:40:35Z

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	= History =		= History =

−	In the early-20th century, Italian architects were searching for a modernist language and identity. Some, constrained by the fascist government of the time, responded by embracing futurism, with its long horizontal lines and streamlined forms that inspired visions of speed, dynamism and urgency. Others embraced the fascist movement, which produced a very different style of large scale, somewhat intimidating public buildings. These architects revisited Roman elements and made modern adaptations (while sometimes borrowing innovative techniques from the Bauhaus movement) to result in buildings that are ~~sometimes referred to as~~ fascist architecture.	+	In the early-20th century, Italian architects were searching for a modernist language and identity. Some, constrained by the fascist government of the time, responded by embracing futurism, with its long horizontal lines and streamlined forms that inspired visions of speed, dynamism and urgency.
		+
		+	Others sought to find a middle ground between classicism and industrially inspired architecture. They embraced the fascist movement, which produced a very different style of large scale, somewhat intimidating public buildings. These architects revisited Roman elements and made modern adaptations (while sometimes borrowing innovative techniques from the Bauhaus movement) to result in buildings that are associated with Italian fascist architecture.

	= Defining characteristics =		= Defining characteristics =

Editor at 09:38, 4 September 2020

2020-09-04T09:38:21Z

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	= Defining characteristics =		= Defining characteristics =

−	The rationalist architecture movement flourished from the 1920s to the 1940s. The ideology was embraced in 1926 by a group of architects referred to as Gruppo 7. These young professionals (Luigi Figini, Guido Frette,Sebastiano Larco, Adalberto Libera, Gino Pollini, Carlo Enrico Rava and Giuseppe Terragni) set out to produce logical buildings - elegant in an understated way - that illustrated a balance between the excesses of neoclassicism and the sterility of futurism.	+	The rationalist architecture movement flourished from the 1920s to the 1940s. The ideology was embraced in 1926 by a group of architects referred to as Gruppo 7. These young professionals (Luigi Figini, Guido Frette, Sebastiano Larco, Adalberto Libera, Gino Pollini, Carlo Enrico Rava and Giuseppe Terragni) set out to produce logical buildings - elegant in an understated way - that illustrated a balance between the excesses of neoclassicism and the sterility and destruction of futurism.
		+
		+	Gruppo 7 also set out to distance itself from the novecento architects (such as Giovanni Muzio) who produced bland, classical reproductions. Their manifesto included a call for architecture with sincerity, logic and order and echoed the ideas of Le Corbusier's establishment of a new spirit in Europe. In addition to a sense of order, the rationalists expressed a concern for rhythm and classical proportions combined with a tribute to history in its ideological acknowledgement.

	[[File:PalazzoGualino.jpg\|link=File:PalazzoGualino.jpg]]		[[File:PalazzoGualino.jpg\|link=File:PalazzoGualino.jpg]]
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	Set in an urban quarter in the southern part of Rome, the EUR project is sometimes seen as Mussolini’s attempt to project his political ideology on the people of Italy through the creation of an idealised city that emulated the strength and order of ancient Rome without its ornamentation. Planning for the project began in 1936, with the idea that Rome would host the World’s Fair of 1942 along with a celebration of two decades of Mussolini’s leadership of Italy.		Set in an urban quarter in the southern part of Rome, the EUR project is sometimes seen as Mussolini’s attempt to project his political ideology on the people of Italy through the creation of an idealised city that emulated the strength and order of ancient Rome without its ornamentation. Planning for the project began in 1936, with the idea that Rome would host the World’s Fair of 1942 along with a celebration of two decades of Mussolini’s leadership of Italy.

−	[[File:~~Overviewof EUR~~.jpg]]	+	[[File:Overviewof_EUR.jpg\|link=File:Overviewof_EUR.jpg]]

	Rome: Overhead view of EUR.		Rome: Overhead view of EUR.

Editor at 18:39, 3 September 2020

2020-09-03T18:39:36Z

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	Set in an urban quarter in the southern part of Rome, the EUR project is sometimes seen as Mussolini’s attempt to project his political ideology on the people of Italy through the creation of an idealised city that emulated the strength and order of ancient Rome without its ornamentation. Planning for the project began in 1936, with the idea that Rome would host the World’s Fair of 1942 along with a celebration of two decades of Mussolini’s leadership of Italy.		Set in an urban quarter in the southern part of Rome, the EUR project is sometimes seen as Mussolini’s attempt to project his political ideology on the people of Italy through the creation of an idealised city that emulated the strength and order of ancient Rome without its ornamentation. Planning for the project began in 1936, with the idea that Rome would host the World’s Fair of 1942 along with a celebration of two decades of Mussolini’s leadership of Italy.

		+	[[File:Overviewof EUR.jpg]]
		+
		+	Rome: Overhead view of EUR.
		+
		+	-----
	Due to the Second World War, the fair never happened and construction was halted until it was completed in the 1960s (during the neo-rationalist revival known as La Tendenza). What exists is a collection of practical buildings (one room of the Palazzo degli Uffici was constructed of reinforced concrete and fitted with metal doors, creating a bomb shelter - perhaps for Mussolini) that has been incorporated into Rome’s business quarter.		Due to the Second World War, the fair never happened and construction was halted until it was completed in the 1960s (during the neo-rationalist revival known as La Tendenza). What exists is a collection of practical buildings (one room of the Palazzo degli Uffici was constructed of reinforced concrete and fitted with metal doors, creating a bomb shelter - perhaps for Mussolini) that has been incorporated into Rome’s business quarter.

Editor at 18:26, 3 September 2020

2020-09-03T18:26:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:26, 3 September 2020
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	Work for the Gruppo 7 increased from 1926 to 1931, resulting in additional projects including those requested by the government of Benito Mussolini. Planning began in 1932 on the University of Rome, but it was a larger project, Esposizione Universale Roma (EUR) - or World’s Fair of Rome - that became the hallmark of the rationalists.		Work for the Gruppo 7 increased from 1926 to 1931, resulting in additional projects including those requested by the government of Benito Mussolini. Planning began in 1932 on the University of Rome, but it was a larger project, Esposizione Universale Roma (EUR) - or World’s Fair of Rome - that became the hallmark of the rationalists.

−	[[File:UniversityOfRome.jpg]]	+	[[File:UniversityOfRome.jpg\|link=File:UniversityOfRome.jpg]]

	Rome: University of Rome.		Rome: University of Rome.
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	* 1934-1936: Firenze Santa Maria Novella, Florence (Architect: Giovanni Michelucci)		* 1934-1936: Firenze Santa Maria Novella, Florence (Architect: Giovanni Michelucci)
	* 1938-1943: Palazzo della civiltà del lavoro, Rome (Architects: Giovanni Guerrini, Ernesto Bruno Lapadula and Mario Romano)		* 1938-1943: Palazzo della civiltà del lavoro, Rome (Architects: Giovanni Guerrini, Ernesto Bruno Lapadula and Mario Romano)
−	* 1938: Piazza Guglielmo Marconi, Rome (Architect: Luigi Moretti	+	* 1938: Piazza Guglielmo Marconi, Rome (Architect: Luigi Moretti)
	* 1939: Palazzo degli Uffici, Rome (Architect: Gaetano Minnucci)		* 1939: Palazzo degli Uffici, Rome (Architect: Gaetano Minnucci)
	* 1960s: Monte Amiata residential complex, Milan (Architects: Carlo Aymonino and Aldo Rossi)		* 1960s: Monte Amiata residential complex, Milan (Architects: Carlo Aymonino and Aldo Rossi)