Interferometric synthetic aperture radar InSAR - Revision history

Designing Buildings at 11:31, 13 March 2023

2023-03-13T11:31:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:31, 13 March 2023
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	* Site surveys.		* Site surveys.
	* Subsidence of buildings.		* Subsidence of buildings.
		+	* Synthetic aperture radar.
	* Using satellite imagery to monitor movements in megaprojects.		* Using satellite imagery to monitor movements in megaprojects.

	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]] [[Category:Definitions]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Property_development]]		[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]] [[Category:Definitions]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Property_development]]

Designing Buildings at 11:26, 13 March 2023

2023-03-13T11:26:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:26, 13 March 2023
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	InSAR can also be used to record the stability of infrastructure (including highways, rail, dams and so on) and to monitor buildings. Movements can occur for a multitude of reasons - inadequate design or poor construction of foundations - but it can be difficult to capture the historic data.		InSAR can also be used to record the stability of infrastructure (including highways, rail, dams and so on) and to monitor buildings. Movements can occur for a multitude of reasons - inadequate design or poor construction of foundations - but it can be difficult to capture the historic data.

−	= Related articles on Designing Buildings ~~Wiki~~ =	+	NB [https://www.rics.org/profession-standards/rics-standards-and-guidance/sector-standards/land-standards/earth-observation-and-aerial-surveys Earth observation and aerial surveys], RICS professional standard, 6th edition, September 2021, published on 4 January 2022 by the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS), defines interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) as: ‘The measurement of the differences in the phases of the waves between two SAR images acquired over the same area at different times.’
		+
		+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

	* Construction drones.		* Construction drones.
Line 45:		Line 47:
	* Geophysical survey.		* Geophysical survey.
	* Global positioning systems and global navigation satellite systems.		* Global positioning systems and global navigation satellite systems.
		+	* LiDAR.
	* Radar.		* Radar.
	* Site surveys.		* Site surveys.

Designing Buildings at 08:43, 29 March 2021

2021-03-29T08:43:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:43, 29 March 2021
Line 45:		Line 45:
	* Geophysical survey.		* Geophysical survey.
	* Global positioning systems and global navigation satellite systems.		* Global positioning systems and global navigation satellite systems.
		+	* Radar.
	* Site surveys.		* Site surveys.
	* Subsidence of buildings.		* Subsidence of buildings.

Designing Buildings at 07:16, 22 March 2021

2021-03-22T07:16:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:16, 22 March 2021
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	= Where it can be used =		= Where it can be used =

−	InSAR is a highly effective way to measure changes in land surface altitude. The technique uses two or more synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images and ‘interferes’ them to interpret ~~the~~ differences and produce interferograms.	+	InSAR is a highly effective way to measure changes in land surface altitude. The technique uses two or more synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images and ‘interferes’ them to interpret differences and produce interferograms. This is an accurate way of detecting ground movements and can be scaled from single pixels (typically 3m x 3m or 4m x 14m) to entire countries.

−	~~Since radar~~ waves can be transmitted through most weather and ~~don’t~~ require light, InSAR can work in any weather conditions, night or day. It is an accurate way of detecting ground movements and can be scaled from single pixels (typically 3m x 3m or 4m x 14m) to entire countries.	+	Radar waves can be transmitted through most weather conditions and do not require daylight.

−	== Geophysical disaster detection ==	+	= Geophysical disaster detection =

−	The deployment of InSAR was first investigated in the 1980s, with additional exploration in the 1990s. One of the earliest practical applications of InSAR came in 1992, when it was used to measure the after effects of ~~a 1992~~ earthquake ~~that took place~~ in California.	+	The deployment of InSAR was first investigated in the 1980s, with additional exploration in the 1990s. One of the earliest practical applications of InSAR came in 1992, when it was used to measure the after effects of an earthquake in California.

−	Since those early applications, InSAR has been used to record data associated with ~~additional types of natural disasters such as~~ landslides, volcanoes and ~~so on~~. In these instances, geotechnical engineers use InSAR as a safe, remote sensing technique for assessing and monitoring movement ~~over areas from specific locations (a property) through to entire networks~~.	+	Since those early applications, InSAR has been used to record data associated with landslides, volcanoes and other natural occurrences. In these instances, geotechnical engineers use InSAR as a safe, remote sensing technique for assessing and monitoring movement.

−	== Subsidence ==	+	= Subsidence =

	InSAR has proven effective at recording millimetre-scale shifts of land (such as subsidence). Subsidence can be tracked using historic satellite radar data covering previous decades and then monitored throughout the duration of a project and beyond.		InSAR has proven effective at recording millimetre-scale shifts of land (such as subsidence). Subsidence can be tracked using historic satellite radar data covering previous decades and then monitored throughout the duration of a project and beyond.

−	~~As a safe method of gathering information related to ground subsidence,~~ InSAR has been useful recording the ~~possible~~ consequences of subsurface mining and natural resource extraction (both current and historic).	+	InSAR has also been useful in recording the consequences of subsurface mining and natural resource extraction (both current and historic).

−	== Structural instability ==	+	= Structural instability =

−	InSAR can also be used to record the stability of infrastructure (including highways, rail, dams and so on) and monitor buildings. Movements can occur for a multitude of reasons - inadequate design or poor construction of foundations - but it can be difficult to capture the historic data.	+	InSAR can also be used to record the stability of infrastructure (including highways, rail, dams and so on) and to monitor buildings. Movements can occur for a multitude of reasons - inadequate design or poor construction of foundations - but it can be difficult to capture the historic data.

	= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =		= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =

Editor at 16:54, 19 March 2021

2021-03-19T16:54:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:54, 19 March 2021
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	{\|		{\|
−	\|width="100%"\| [[File:InSARVolcano.jpg]]	+	\|width="100%"\| [[File:InSARVolcano.jpg\|link=File:InSARVolcano.jpg]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
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	= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =		= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =

		+	* Construction drones.
		+	* Digital mapping and cartography.
		+	* Earthquake Design Practice for Buildings.
		+	* Engineers and hurricanes.
		+	* Future proofing construction.
		+	* Geophysical survey.
		+	* Global positioning systems and global navigation satellite systems.
		+	* Site surveys.
		+	* Subsidence of buildings.
	* Using satellite imagery to monitor movements in megaprojects.		* Using satellite imagery to monitor movements in megaprojects.

	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]] [[Category:Definitions]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Property_development]]		[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]] [[Category:Definitions]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Property_development]]

Editor: Created page with "{| |width="100%"| File:InSARVolcano.jpg |- | This Envisat Advanced interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) interferogram over the Kenyan section of the Great Rift Va..."

2021-03-19T16:48:13Z

Created page with "{| |width="100%"| File:InSARVolcano.jpg |- | This Envisat Advanced interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) interferogram over the Kenyan section of the Great Rift Va..."

New page

{|
|width="100%"| [[File:InSARVolcano.jpg]]
|-
|
This Envisat Advanced interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) interferogram over the Kenyan section of the Great Rift Valley shows small surface displacements that are not visible to the naked eye of the Longonot volcano (front right). In the background is Suswa volcano, which was not deforming at this time.

Using InSAR, a group of scientists discovered that from 1997 to 2000 the volcanoes at Suswa and Menengai (not visible) subsided 2cm to 5cm, and between 2004 and 2006 the Longonot volcano experienced uplift of around 9cm (pictured).

Interferogram images appear as rainbow-coloured interference patterns. A complete set of coloured bands, called 'fringes', represents ground movement relative to the spacecraft of half a wavelength, which is 2.8cm in the case of Envisat's InSAR.
|}

= Introduction =

Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (abbreviated as InSAR or IfSAR) is a technique that uses satellite or aircraft radar signals from multiple sources to capture complex and precise measurements.

= Where it can be used =

InSAR is a highly effective way to measure changes in land surface altitude. The technique uses two or more synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images and ‘interferes’ them to interpret the differences and produce interferograms.

Since radar waves can be transmitted through most weather and don’t require light, InSAR can work in any weather conditions, night or day. It is an accurate way of detecting ground movements and can be scaled from single pixels (typically 3m x 3m or 4m x 14m) to entire countries.

== Geophysical disaster detection ==

The deployment of InSAR was first investigated in the 1980s, with additional exploration in the 1990s. One of the earliest practical applications of InSAR came in 1992, when it was used to measure the after effects of a 1992 earthquake that took place in California.

Since those early applications, InSAR has been used to record data associated with additional types of natural disasters such as landslides, volcanoes and so on. In these instances, geotechnical engineers use InSAR as a safe, remote sensing technique for assessing and monitoring movement over areas from specific locations (a property) through to entire networks.

== Subsidence ==

InSAR has proven effective at recording millimetre-scale shifts of land (such as subsidence). Subsidence can be tracked using historic satellite radar data covering previous decades and then monitored throughout the duration of a project and beyond.

As a safe method of gathering information related to ground subsidence, InSAR has been useful recording the possible consequences of subsurface mining and natural resource extraction (both current and historic).

== Structural instability ==

InSAR can also be used to record the stability of infrastructure (including highways, rail, dams and so on) and monitor buildings. Movements can occur for a multitude of reasons - inadequate design or poor construction of foundations - but it can be difficult to capture the historic data.

= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =

* Using satellite imagery to monitor movements in megaprojects.

[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]] [[Category:Definitions]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Property_development]]